Cannabis Ruderalis

thcscience_admin
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Dezidor (talk | contribs)
Extended confirmed users
3,569 edits
Same way of summary that is in article about the Family Research Council.
Vanished user 19794758563875 (talk | contribs)
17,339 edits
Cherry picking one of the many many responses by groups on their hate list is not appropriate.
Line 35: Line 35:


In 1971, [[Morris Dees]] and Joseph J. Levin Jr. founded the SPLC as a civil rights law firm based in Montgomery, Alabama. <ref name="CNNpioneer">{{Cite news| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile/ | title=Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups | publisher=[[CNN]] |date= September 8, 2000 | first= | last= | accessdate =2007-08-17| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060618234711/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile/| archivedate = June 18, 2006}}</ref> Civil rights leader [[Julian Bond]] soon joined Dees and Levin and served as president of the board between 1971 and 1979.<ref>Dees, Morris, and Steve Fiffer. 1991. ''A Season For Justice''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 132-133.</ref> The SPLC's litigating strategy involved filing civil suits for damages on behalf of the victims of hate group harassment, threats, and violence with the goal of financially depleting the responsible groups and individuals. While it originally focused on damages done by the Klan and other white supremacists, throughout the years the SPLC has become involved in other civil rights causes, among them, cases concerned with institutional racial segregation and discrimination, the mistreatment of aliens, and the [[separation of church and state]].
In 1971, [[Morris Dees]] and Joseph J. Levin Jr. founded the SPLC as a civil rights law firm based in Montgomery, Alabama. <ref name="CNNpioneer">{{Cite news| url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile/ | title=Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups | publisher=[[CNN]] |date= September 8, 2000 | first= | last= | accessdate =2007-08-17| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060618234711/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/09/08/morris.dees.profile/| archivedate = June 18, 2006}}</ref> Civil rights leader [[Julian Bond]] soon joined Dees and Levin and served as president of the board between 1971 and 1979.<ref>Dees, Morris, and Steve Fiffer. 1991. ''A Season For Justice''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 132-133.</ref> The SPLC's litigating strategy involved filing civil suits for damages on behalf of the victims of hate group harassment, threats, and violence with the goal of financially depleting the responsible groups and individuals. While it originally focused on damages done by the Klan and other white supremacists, throughout the years the SPLC has become involved in other civil rights causes, among them, cases concerned with institutional racial segregation and discrimination, the mistreatment of aliens, and the [[separation of church and state]].

In 2010, the organization was labeled as a liberal group that runs left's smear campaign of conservatives by [[Family Research Council]].<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/24/AR2010112407042.html</ref>


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 14:36, 5 February 2011

Southern Poverty Law Center
Founded1971
FounderMorris Dees
Joseph R. Levin, Jr.
TypePublic-interest law firm
FocusHate groups
racism
civil rights
Location
Area served
United States
Productlegal representation, public education
Key people
J. Richard Cohen, President
Endowment$189.7 million[1]
Employees
19 ("Senior program staff")
Websitewww.splcenter.org
Part of a series on
Antisemitism
Definitions
Geography
Manifestations
Antisemitic tropes
Antisemitic publications
Antisemitism on the Internet
Prominent figures
Persecution
Opposition
Category

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American nonprofit civil rights organization. It is internationally known for legal victories against white supremacist groups; free legal representation for victims of hate groups; monitoring of hate groups, militias and extremist organizations; and educational programs that promote tolerance.[2][3][4] The SPLC classifies as hate groups organizations that denigrate or assault entire groups of people for attributes that are beyond their control. [5]

In 1971, Morris Dees and Joseph J. Levin Jr. founded the SPLC as a civil rights law firm based in Montgomery, Alabama. [6] Civil rights leader Julian Bond soon joined Dees and Levin and served as president of the board between 1971 and 1979.[7] The SPLC's litigating strategy involved filing civil suits for damages on behalf of the victims of hate group harassment, threats, and violence with the goal of financially depleting the responsible groups and individuals. While it originally focused on damages done by the Klan and other white supremacists, throughout the years the SPLC has become involved in other civil rights causes, among them, cases concerned with institutional racial segregation and discrimination, the mistreatment of aliens, and the separation of church and state.

History

The SPLC headquarters in Montgomery, Alabama

The Southern Poverty Law Center was founded by civil rights lawyers Morris Dees and Joseph J. Levin Jr. in 1971 as a law firm to handle anti-discrimination cases in the United States. SPLC's first president was Julian Bond who served as president until 1979 and remains on its board of directors. In 1979 the Center brought the first of its many cases against various Ku Klux Klan type organizations. In 1981 the Center began its Klanwatch project to monitor and track the activities of the KKK. That project, now called Hatewatch, has now been expanded to include seven other types of hate organizations.[8]

In July 1983, the center's office was firebombed, destroying the building and records.[9] In February 1985 Klan members and a Klan sympathizer pleaded guilty to federal and state charges related to the fire.[10] At the trial Klansmen Joe M. Garner and Roy T. Downs Jr. along with Charles Bailey pleaded guilty to conspiring to intimidate oppress and threaten members of black organizations represented by SPLC."[10] Over 30 people have been jailed in connection with plots to kill Dees or blow up the center.[11]

That same year, Dees became an assassination target of The Order, a revolutionary white supremacist group, for his work with the SPLC.[12] Another target, radio host Alan Berg, was killed by the group outside his Colorado home.[13]

In 1987, SPLC won a case against the United Klans of America for the lynching of Michael Donald, a black teenager in Mobile, Alabama.[14] The SPLC used an unprecedented legal strategy to produce a $7 million judgment for the victim's mother.[14] The verdict bankrupted the United Klans of America and resulted in its national headquarters being sold to help satisfy the judgment. In 1987 a Klan off-shoot, the White Patriot Party, targeted Dees and planned to bomb the SPLC.[15] During the past 25 years, SPLC lawsuits have bankrupted or crippled 12 major hate groups whose members killed, injured or threatened innocent people.[16]

The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery.

In 1989 the Center unveiled its Civil Rights Memorial designed by Maya Lin.[17] The Center's "Teaching Tolerance" project was initiated in 1991, and its "Klanwatch" program has gradually expanded to include other anti-hate monitoring projects and a list of reported hate groups in the United States.

In October 1990, the SPLC won $12.5 million in damages against Tom Metzger and his White Aryan Resistance when a Portland, Oregon, jury held the neo-Nazi group liable in the beating death of an Ethiopian immigrant.[18] While Metzger lost his home and ability to publish material, the full amount of the multi-million dollar reward was not recovered.[19] In 1995 a group of four white males were indicted for plans to blow up the SPLC.[20] In May 1998, three white supremacists were arrested for allegedly planning a nationwide campaign of assassinations and bombings targeting "Morris Dees, an undisclosed federal judge in Illinois, a black radio-show host in Missouri, Dees's Southern Poverty Law Center in Alabama, the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles, and the Anti-Defamation League in New York."[21]

In July 2007, the SPLC filed suit against the Imperial Klans of America (IKA) in Meade County, where in July 2006 five Klansmen allegedly beat Jordan Gruver, a 16-year-old boy of Panamanian descent, at a Kentucky county fair.[11] Since filing the suit the SPLC has received nearly a dozen threats.[11] [11] During the November 2008 trial on the lawsuit, a former member of the IKA said that the Klan head told him to kill Dees.[22]

In 2008, the SPLC and Dees were featured on National Geographic's Inside American Terror exploring their litigation against several branches of the Ku Klux Klan.[23]

Litigation and Advocacy

Notable cases

The Southern Poverty Law Center has won many notable civil cases with large money awards for the plaintiffs. The SPLC has said it does not accept any portion of monetary judgments.[24][25][26] In addition to providing free magazines and videos on race relations to more than 50,000 schools, Dees and the SPLC "have been credited with devising innovative legal ways to cripple hate groups, including seizing their assets."[27]

Young Men's Christian Association

The first SPLC case was filed by Dees against the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Montgomery, Alabama, that "continued to segregate children, going so far as to ban kids who swam at an integrated pool from city-wide meets." In 1969, the YMCA refused to allow two black children to its summer camp, and the SPLC sued on behalf of the children's parents.[28][29][30] In the course of the lawsuit, Dees uncovered a secret 1958 agreement between the city and the YMCA, in which city officials gave the YMCA control of many city recreational activities.[28][29][30] In 1971 SPLC assumed responsibility for the case. In 1972 the court ruled that Montgomery had given the YMCA control with a "municipal character," and "ordered the YMCA to stop its discriminatory, segregationist practices."[28][29][30] Years later, the executive director of the Montgomery YMCA thanked Dees for the case because without it, the center would not have been able to desegregate.[30]

Vietnamese fishermen

In 1981 the SPLC took the Klan to court to stop racial harassment and intimidation against Vietnamese fisherman.[31][32] In May 1981 the courts sided with the Vietnamese fishermen and the SPLC, forcing the Klan to end harassment.[33] Also in 1981, the SPLC won a case that ordered an Alabama county to pay salaries to the staff of its first black probate judge, continuing a practice that, violating state law, had been in use for more than two decades.[34]

White Patriot Party

In 1982, gun-bearing members of the para-military styled Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized Bobby Person, a black prison guard and several others including a white woman who had befriended blacks. In 1984 Person became the lead plaintiff in Person v. Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan a lawsuit brought by the SPLC in the U.S. District Court for Eastern North Carolina. The harassment and threats continued during litigation and the court issued an order prohibiting any person from interfering with other persons inside the courthouse. [35]

In January 1985 the court issued a consent order that prohibited the group's "Grand Dragon," Glenn Miller, and his followers from operating a paramilitary organization, parading in black neighborhoods, and from harassing, threatening or harming any black person or white persons who associated with black persons. Subsequently, the court dismissed the plaintiff's claim for damages. [35]

Within a year the court found Miller and his followers, now calling themselves the White Patriot Party, in criminal contempt for violating the consent order. Miller was sentenced to six months in prison followed by a three year probationary period, during which he was banned from associating with members of any racist group such as the White Patriot Party. Miller refused to obey the terms of his probation. He made underground "declarations of war" against Jews and the federal government before being arrested again. Found guilty of weapons violations, he went to federal prison for three years. [36] [non-primary source needed]

United Klans of America

In 1987 the SPLC successfully brought a civil case, on behalf of the victim's family, against the United Klans of America (UKA) for the 1981 lynching of Michael Donald, a 19-year-old black man in Mobile, Alabama, by two of the UKA's members.[37] Unable to come up with the $7 million awarded by the jury, the UKA was forced to turn over its national headquarters to Donald's mother, who then sold it and used the money to purchase her first house.[38]

White Aryan Resistance

On November 13, 1988 in Portland, Oregon, three white supremacist members of East Side White Pride and White Aryan Resistance (WAR) beat to death Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian man who came to the United States to attend college.[39] In October 1990, the SPLC won a civil case on behalf of the deceased's family against WAR's operator Tom Metzger and Tom's son, John Metzger for a total of $12.5 million.[40][41] The Metzgers declared bankruptcy, and WAR went out of business. The cost of work for the trial was absorbed by Anti-Defamation League as well as the SPLC.[42] Metzger still makes payments to Seraw's family.[43]

Church of the Creator

In May 1991 Harold Mansfield Jr, a black war veteran in the United States Navy, was murdered by a member of the neo-Nazi "Church of the Creator" (now called the Creativity Movement). SPLC represented the victim's family in a civil case winning a judgement of $1 million from the church in March 1994.[44] The church transferred ownership to William Pierce, head of the National Alliance, to avoid money being paid to Mansfield's heirs; the SPLC filed suit against Pierce for his role in the fraudulent scheme, and won an $85,000 judgment in 1995.[45] The amount was upheld on appeal and the money was collected prior to Pierce's death in 2002.[45] According to a former member of the Alliance, when SPLC sued Pierce, the Alliance worried it would end the hate group.[46] [non-primary source needed]

Christian Knights of the KKK

The SPLC won a $37.8 million verdict for Macedonia Baptist Church, a 100-year-old black church in Manning, South Carolina, against two Ku Klux Klan chapters and five Klansmen (Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and Invisible Empire, Inc.) in July 1998.[47] The money was awarded stemming from arson convictions in which the Klan burned down the historic black church in 1995.[48] Morris Dees told the press, "If we put the Christian Knights out of business, what's that worth? We don't look at what we can collect. It's what the jury thinks this egregious conduct is worth that matters, along with the message it sends."[49] According to The Washington Post the amount is the "largest-ever civil award for damages in a hate crime case."[49]

Aryan Nations

In September 2000 the SPLC won a $6.3 million judgment against the Aryan Nations from an Idaho jury who awarded punitive and compensatory damages to a woman and her son who were attacked by Aryan Nations guards.[6] The lawsuit stemmed from the July 1998 attack when security guards at the Aryan Nations compound in Idaho shot at Victoria Keenan and her son.[50] Bullets struck their car several times then the car crashed and an Aryan Nations member held the Keenans at gunpoint.[50] As a result of the judgement, Richard Butler turned over the 20-acre (81,000 m2) compound to the Keenans who then sold the property to a philanthropist who subsequently donated it to North Idaho College, which designated the land as a "peace park."[51] Because of the lawsuit members of the AN drew up a plan to kill Dees, which was disrupted by the FBI.[52]

Ten Commandments monument

See also: Roy Moore § Ten Commandments monument controversy
File:Moore monument.jpg
Ten Commandments monument commissioned by Roy Moore.

In 2002 the SPLC and the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against Alabama Supreme Court justice Roy Moore for authorizing a two ton display of the Ten Commandments on public property.[53] Moore, late at night and without telling any other court justice, had installed a 5,280 pound (2400 kg) granite block, three feet wide by three feet deep by four feet tall, of the Ten Commandments.[54] After refusing to obey several court rulings Moore was eventually removed from the court, and the monument was removed as well.

Ranch Rescue

On March 18, 2003, two illegal aliens from El Salvador, Edwin Alfredo Mancía Gonzáles and Fátima del Socorro Leiva Medina, were trespassing through a Texas ranch owned by Joseph Sutton. They were accosted by vigilantes known as Ranch Rescue who were recruited by Sutton to patrol the U.S.-Mexico border region nearby.[36]

According to the SPLC, Gonzáles and Medina were held at gunpoint, and Gonzáles was struck on the back of the head with a handgun, and a rottweiler was allowed to attack him. The SPLC said Gonzáles and Medina were threatened with death and otherwise terrorized before being released.[36] The El Salvadorans stated that the ranchers gave them water, cookies and a blanket before letting them go after about an hour. Ranch Rescuer Casey James Nethercott denied hitting either of the trespassers with a gun, and none of the vigilantes were convicted of pistol-whipping.[55]

In 2003, SPLC, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, and local attorneys filed a civil suit, Leiva v. Ranch Rescue, in Jim Hogg County, Texas, against Ranch Rescue and several of its associates, seeking damages for assault and illegal detention. In April 2005, SPLC obtained judgments totaling $1 million against Nethercott and Torre John Foote, Ranch Rescue's leader. Those awards came six months after a $350,000 judgment in the same case and coincided with a $100,000 out-of-court settlement with Sutton. Nethercott’s 70-acre (280,000 m2) Arizona property, which was Ranch Rescue's headquarters, was seized to pay the judgment. Nethercott, previously convicted of assault in California, was sentenced to five years in prison for being a felon in possession of a firearm. SPLC staff worked closely with Texas prosecutors to obtain that conviction.[36][56]

Billy Ray Johnson

Billy Ray Johnson, a mentally disabled man, was taken by four white males to a party where he was knocked unconscious then dropped on his head, referred to as a "nigger", and left in a ditch bleeding.[57][58] Due to the event, "Johnson, 46, who suffered serious, permanent brain injuries from the attack, will require care for the rest of his life."[59][60] At a criminal trial the four men received sentences of 30 to 60 days in county jail.[57][61] On April 20, 2007, Billy Ray Johnson was awarded $9 million in damages by a civil jury in Linden, Texas.[60][62][58] The jury hoped that the verdict would improve race relations in the community stemming from a United States Department of Education investigation and other controversial verdicts. During the trial one of the defendants, Cory Hicks, referred to Johnson as "it."[57]

Imperial Klans of America

In November 2008, the SPLC's case against the Imperial Klans of America (IKA), the nation's second largest Klan organization, began in Meade County, Kentucky.[63] The SPLC filed suit in July 2007 on behalf of Jordan Gruver and his mother against the IKA in Kentucky where in July 2006, five Klansmen savagely beat Gruver at a Kentucky county fair.[64] According to the lawsuit, five Klan members went to the Meade County Fairgrounds in Brandenburg, Kentucky, "to hand out business cards and flyers advertising a 'white-only' IKA function."[64] Two members of the Klan started calling the 16-year-old boy of Panamanian descent a "spic".[64] Subsequently the boy, (5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m) and weighing 150 pounds (68 kg)) was beaten and kicked by the Klansmen (one of whom was 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) and 300 pounds (140 kg)). As a result, the victim received "two cracked ribs, a broken left forearm, multiple cuts and bruises and jaw injuries requiring extensive dental repair."[64]

In a related criminal case in February 2007, Jarred Hensley and Andrew Watkins had been sentenced to three years in prison for beating Gruver.[63] On November 14, 2008, an all-white jury of seven men and seven women awarded $1.5 million in compensatory damages and $1 million in punitive damages to the plaintiff.[65] The large judgment against Ron Edwards, Imperial Wizard of the group, and Jarred Hensley, who participated in the attack, financially crippled the nation’s second largest Klan group, which may have to relinquish its 15-acre (61,000 m2) compound near Dawson Spring, KY to pay it. Both defendants are expected to have their wages garnished for perhaps 15 years. The two other defendants, Andrew Watkins and Joshua Cowles, previously agreed to confidential settlements and were dropped from the suit.[66]

Opposition to Arizona illegal immigration measure

Main article: Arizona SB 1070

The SPLC has spoken against Arizona SB 1070, the anti-illegal immigration measure passed by the State of Arizona in 2010, calling it "brazenly unconstitutional" and "a civil rights disaster." The law is currently under federal legal review.[67]

Criticism of overheated rhetoric

Closeup of the Civil Rights Memorial

In 2003 an SPLC article identified David Horowitz's Center for the Study of Popular Culture (now called David Horowitz Freedom Center) as one of 17 organizations which, according to author Chip Berlet, take racist and bigoted ideas that originated with the hard right or with conspiracy theorists and try to make them socially acceptable. Berlet accused Horowitz of blaming slavery on "'black Africans ... abetted by dark-skinned Arabs'" and of "attack[ing] minority 'demands for special treatment' as 'only necessary because some blacks can't seem to locate the ladder of opportunity within reach of others,' rejecting the idea that they could be the victims of lingering racism."[68] Responding with an open letter to Morris Dees, president of the SPLC, Horowitz stated that his reminder that the slaves transported to America were bought from African and Arab slavers was a response to demands that only whites pay blacks reparations, not to hold Africans and Arabs solely responsible for slavery. He said that his reminder had nothing to do with lingering racism. The letter said that Berlet's work was "so tendentious, so filled with transparent misrepresentations and smears that if you continue to post the report you will create for your Southern Poverty Law Center a well-earned reputation as a hate group itself."[69] Berlet responded: "The Center for the Study of Popular Culture has produced a vast amount of text marked by nasty polemic and exceptional insensitivity around issues of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity. Writers for the CSPC tend to use language that exacerbates societal tensions rather than seeking some form of constructive critical discourse. They are mainstreaming bigotry—and this is precisely the topic of my article in Intelligence Report."[70] Subsequent critical pieces on Berlet and the SPLC have been featured on Horowitz's FrontPageMag.com.[71][72]

In an NPR interview on April 2, 2010 the SPLC's Mark Potok said that pundits and politicians, such as Congresswoman Michelle Bachmann, Congressman Steve King, and commentators Glenn Beck and Lou Dobbs bore some of the moral reponsibility for hate crimes by using, and thus helping to "mainstream," the rhetoric of hate groups and conspiracy theorists.[73]

Education

Tolerance.org

The SPLC's initiatives include the website Tolerance.org, past winner of the international Webby Award.[74] The site provides daily news on tolerance issues, educational games for children, guidebooks for activists, and resources for parents and teachers that promote respect and diversity.[75][76]

The site's Teaching Tolerance initiative is aimed at two different age groups of students with separate materials for teachers and parents. One portion of the project targets elementary school children, providing informational material on the history of the civil rights movement.[77] The center's material for children includes a publication entitled "A fresh look at multicultural 'American English'" that explores the cultural history of common words. A project website designed for elementary school children includes an interactive program that addresses political topics such as school mascots with Native American names, the Confederate flag, and popular music and entertainment. Users of the website are encouraged to consider how racial, gender, and sexual orientation insensitivity might be displayed in such cases.

A similar educational program aimed at teenagers in the middle and high school age groups and includes a "Mix it Up" project urging readers to participate in various school activities that encourage interaction between different social groups.[78] Other features of the teenager educational project include political activism tips and reports highlighting examples of student activism. Each month SPLC puts out a publication highlighting a political group, normally focusing on minority, feminist, and LGBT youth organizations. The program also provides publications to students such as "Ways to fight hate on campus" suggesting ideas for community activism and diversity education.

Teaching Tolerance also provides advice and materials for parents aimed at encouraging multiculturalism in the upbringing of their children.[74] A guide published by the project urges parents to "examine the 'diversity profile' for your children's friends," move to "integrated and economically diverse neighborhoods," and discourage children from playing with toys or adopting heroes that "promote violence." The publication also advises parents on the use of culturally sensitive language such as promoting gender-neutral phrasings such as "Someone Special Day" instead of the traditional Mothers Day or Fathers Day and urges them to ensure "cultural diversity reflected in your home's artwork, music and literature."

Documentaries

The SPLC also produces documentary films. Two have won Academy Awards for documentary short subject: Mighty Times: The Children's March, in 2005, and A Time for Justice in 1995.[79] Five others have been nominated.

Tracking of hate groups

Hate group listings

The Southern Poverty Law Center is named as a resource by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the Bureau's fight against hate crimes.[80] The SPLC maintains a list of hate groups defined as groups that "...have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics." It says that hate group activities may include speeches, marches, rallies, meetings, publishing, leafleting, and criminal acts such as violence. It says not all groups listed by the SPLC engage in criminal activity.[5]

The SPLC reported that 926 hate groups were active in the United States in 2008, up from 888 in 2007. These included:

Intelligence Report

Since 1981 the SPLC's Intelligence Project has published a quarterly Intelligence Report that monitors what the SPLC considers radical right hate groups and extremists in the United States.[85][86] The Intelligence Report provides information regarding organizational efforts and tactics of these groups, and is cited by scholars as reliable and as the most comprehensive source on U.S. right-wing extremism and hate groups.[87][88][89][90] In addition to the Intelligence Report, the SPLC publishes the HateWatch Weekly newsletter that follows racism and extremism, and the Hatewatch blog whose subtitle is "Keeping an Eye on the Radical Right".[91]

Two articles published in Intelligence Report have won Green Eyeshade Excellence in Journalism awards from the Society of Professional Journalists: Communing with the Council written by Heidi Beirich and Bob Moser took third place for Investigative Journalism in the Magazine Division in 2004,[92][93] and Southern Gothic by David Holthouse and Casey Sanchez, which took second place for Feature Reporting in the Magazine Division in 2007.[94][95] On March 20, 2009 the Intelligence Project received a Distinguished Public Service Award from the American Immigration Law Foundation for its “outstanding work” covering the anti-immigration movement.[96]

Neo-Confederate movement

The Southern Poverty Law Center is the principal group reporting on the neo-Confederate movement. A 2000 special report by the SPLC's Mark Potok in their magazine, Intelligence Report, describes a number of groups as neo-Confederate. The SPLC has also carried subsequent articles on the neo-Confederate movement. "Lincoln Reconstructed" published in 2003 in the Intelligence Report focuses on the resurgent demonization of Abraham Lincoln in the southern United States.[97] The article quotes Father Alister Anderson, national chaplain of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, as giving an invocation that recalled "the last real Christian civilization on Earth," and also denounced "hypocrites and bigots," who dismiss "the righteous cause for which our ancestors fought."[97]The SPLC has identified the Southern Legal Resource Center (SLRC) as a neo-Confedrate organization and has criticized it for misleading its donors. [98] The SPLC has also criticized the SLRC's founder, Kirk D. Lyons, for previously defending far right figures such as Tom Metzger and members of Aryan Nations. [99] In the SPLC article "Whitewashing the Confederacy," George Ewert associated the 2003 Warner Bros. motion picture Gods and Generals with the movement, stating that it presented a false pro-Confederate view of history that had "neo-Confederates salivating." [100]

Finances

The SPLC has received criticism for excessive fundraising and disproportionate reserves. Starting in 1974 the SPLC utilized fundraising efforts to build up its endowment, stating that all its activities including litigation are supported by fundraising efforts, and it does not accept any fees or share of legal judgments awarded to clients it represents in court.[26][101] In 1994 the Montgomery Advertiser ran a series alleging the SPLC was financially mismanaged and employed misleading fundraising practices.[102][103] In response Joe Levin stated: "The Advertiser's lack of interest in the center's programs and its obsessive interest in the center's financial affairs and Mr. Dees' personal life makes it obvious to me that the Advertiser simply wants to smear the center and Mr. Dees."[104] The series was a finalist for but did not win a 1995 Pulitzer Prize in Explanatory Journalism.[105] In 1996 USA Today called the SPLC "the nation's richest civil rights organization", with $68 million in assets at the time.[106][107] In 1998, columnist Alexander Cockburn, from The Nation, wrote that SPLC had done little with its funds and used unjustified fear as a tactic to extract money.[108] Similarly in 2000, Harper's Magazine published an article by Ken Silverstein critical of the SPLC, noting the poor ratings from charity ranking organizations and stating that it spent twice as much money on fundraising as it did on legal services.[109] In 2007 Silverstein wrote a follow-up saying that the SPLC had only been more successful in fundraising since the year 2000 and that its endowment had grown exponentially, but the imbalance between monies spent on legal services and fundraising was still present.[110]

SPLC stated that during 2008 it spent about 69% of total expenses on program services, and that at the end of 2008 the endowment stood at $156.2 million.[111] The SPLC's fundraising methods are somewhat unconventional and critics accuse it of leveraging fear to solicit donations, and say that top officials in the SPLC are paid very high salaries.[102] Charity ranking organizations such as the Better Business Bureau's Wise Giving Alliance do not score the SPLC. According to Charity Navigator, SPLC's 2008 outlays fell into the following categories: program expenses of 68.0%, administrative expenses of 14.3%, and fundraising expenses of 17.6%.[112][113] In 2008 the American Institute of Philanthropy's Charity Ratings Guide gave the SPLC an "F" rating for "excessive" reserves.[114] In 2010 the SPLC reported its endowment at $189.7 million.[1]

Sociologists Betty A. Dobratz and Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile relied on the SPLC for general information in their research on white separatist groups. They wrote that watchdog groups like the SPLC give attention to certain causes, and the causes that they focus on are ones that are compatible with their political agenda and that motivate the public to support them financially.[115] While acknowledging the possibility of some statistical bias in the SPLC's descriptions of the goals and membership of racist groups, Rory McVeigh, the Chair of the University of Notre Dame Sociology Department, wrote that the SPLC's "outstanding reputation is well established ... and (that it) has been an excellent source of information for social scientists who study racist organizations."[87]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b "Financial Information". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  2. ^ With Justice For All November 5, 2006; The Times Picayune
  3. ^ "Southern Poverty Law Center", in The Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties [1]
  4. ^ "Southern Poverty Law Center", the Free Legal Dictionary [2].
  5. ^ a b SPLCenter.org: Hate Groups Map
  6. ^ a b "Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups". CNN. September 8, 2000. Archived from the original on June 18, 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  7. ^ Dees, Morris, and Steve Fiffer. 1991. A Season For Justice. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 132-133.
  8. ^ "Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2006". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  9. ^ "Fire Damages Alabama Center that Battles the Klan". The New York Times. July 31, 1983. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  10. ^ a b "2 Klan Members Plead Guilty To Arson". The New York Times. February 21, 1985.
  11. ^ a b c d Klass, Kym (August 17, 2007). "Southern Poverty Law Center beefs up security". Montgomery Advertiser. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.[full citation needed]
  12. ^ "Death List Names Given to US Jury". The New York Times. September 17, 1985.
  13. ^ "Jury Told of Plan to Kill Radio Host". The New York Times. November 8, 1987.
  14. ^ a b "The Nation Klan Must Pay $7 Million". Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1987. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  15. ^ "Five Tied to Klan Indicted on Arms Charges". The New York Times. January 9, 1987. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  16. ^ Intelligence Report, SPLC, Spring 2008, 78.
  17. ^ Tauber, Peter (February 24, 1991). "Monument Maker". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  18. ^ "Metzger Leaves Former Home A Mess, but its Undamaged". The Oregonian. September 19, 1991.
  19. ^ "Metzger Home Worth Only A Tiny Fraction of $12.5 Million Sum". The Oregonian. August 28, 1991.
  20. ^ "4 Are Accused in Oklahoma of Bomb Plot". The New York Times. November 14, 1995. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  21. ^ "Group is accused of plotting assassinations, bombings. Two others will plead guilty Thursday." St Louis Post-Dispatch (MO) (May 13, 1998): pB1.
  22. ^ Barrouquere, Brett (November 13, 2008). "Former member: Ky. Klan plotted to kill attorney". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
  23. ^ "Micheal McDonald clip on KKK: Inside American Terror". National Geographic. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  24. ^ "Bringing the Klan to Court," Newsweek, May 28, 1984
  25. ^ Applebome, Peter (November 21, 1989). "Two Sides of the Contemporary South: Racial Incidents and Black Progress". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  26. ^ a b Southern Poverty Law Center, Financial Information. http://www.splcenter.org/donate/financialinfo/financial.jsp [accessed 1-14-09]
  27. ^ Sack, Kevin (May 12, 1996). "Conversations/Morris Dees; A Son of Alabama Takes On Americans Who Live to Hate". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  28. ^ a b c "Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association". Southern Poverty Law Center. June 11, 1969. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  29. ^ a b c 462 F. 2d 634 - Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association of Montgomery Inc, Open Jurist. Accessed December 9, 2010
  30. ^ a b c d YMCA desegregation ruling turns 40 The Louisiana Weekly, July 26, 2010. Accessed December 9, 2010
  31. ^ Stevens, William K. (April 25, 1981). "Klan Inflames Gulf Fishing Fight Between Whites and Vietnamese". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  32. ^ Stevens, William K. (May 2, 1981). "Klan Official is Accused of Intimidation". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  33. ^ Stevens, William K. (May 15, 1981). "Judge Issues Ban on Klan Threat to Vietnamese". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  34. ^ Stuart, Reginald (December 29, 1981). "Black Judge in Alabama Wins Staff Salary Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  35. ^ a b Person v. Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. [3] Accessed 2-15-09.
  36. ^ a b c d “Fighting hate in the courtroom.” SPLC Report. Special Issue, vol. 38, no.4. Winter 2008. p. 4.
  37. ^ "Donald v. United Klans of America". Southern Poverty Law Center. 1988. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  38. ^ "Paying Damages For a Lynching". The New York Times. February 21, 1988. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  39. ^ "Lawyer makes racists pay". USA Today. October 24, 1990. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  40. ^ The jury divided the judgement against the defendants as follows: Kyle Brewster, $500,000; Ken Mieske, $500,000;, John Metzger, $1 million; WAR, $3 million; Tom Metzger, $5 million; in addition, the jury awarded $2.5 million for Mulugeta's unrealized future earnings and pain and suffering.
  41. ^ London, Robb (October 26, 1990). "Sending a $12.5 Million Message to a Hate Group". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  42. ^ Dees & Fiffer 1993, p. 277
  43. ^ "Hate-crime case award will be hard to collect, experts say". The Press-Enterprise. August 24, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
  44. ^ "Mansfield v. Church of the Creator". Southern Poverty Law Center. 03/07/1994. Retrieved 2007-08-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ a b "Mansfield v. Pierce". Southern Poverty Law Center. 03/07/1994. Retrieved 2007-08-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ "Inside the Alliance". Southern Poverty Law Center. Winter 1999. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  47. ^ "Klan Must Pay $37 Million for Inciting Church Fire". The New York Times. July 25, 1998. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  48. ^ "Macedonia v. Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan". Southern Poverty Law Center. June 7, 1996. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  49. ^ a b "Klan Chapters Held Liable in Church Fire; Jury Awards $37.8 Million in Damages", The Washington Post July 25, 1998
  50. ^ a b "Keenan v. Aryan Nations". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2000. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  51. ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (September 9, 2004). "Richard G. Butler, 86, Dies; Founder of the Aryan Nations". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  52. ^ Dees2008, p. 194
  53. ^ "Ten Commandments judge removed from office". CNN. November 14, 2003. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  54. ^ Glassroth v. Moore (PDF) (M.D. Ala. 2002).
  55. ^ . New York Times. 2005-08-19 http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/19/national/19ranch.html?pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2011-01-01. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ^ Leiva v. Ranch Rescue. [4] Accessed 2-15-09.
  57. ^ a b c Parker, Laura (April 26, 2007). "A jury's stand against racism reflects hope". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  58. ^ a b "The Beating of Billy Ray Johnson". Texas Monthly. February 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  59. ^ "Johnson v. Amox et al". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005-09-19. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  60. ^ a b $9 million award in beating case Chicago Tribune April 21, 2007. Accessed December 10, 2010
  61. ^ "Ex-jailer denies part in assault cover-up". Texarkana Gazette. April 19, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  62. ^ "Center Wins Justice for Billy Ray Johnson". Southern Poverty Law Center. April 20, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  63. ^ a b [dead link]
  64. ^ a b c d "Jordan Gruver and Cynthia Gruver vs. Imperial Klans of America". Southern Poverty Law Center. July 25, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  65. ^ "Jury awards $2.5 million to teen beaten by Klan members". CNN. November 14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  66. ^ Kenning, Chris. 2008. “$2.5 million awarded in Klan beating,” The Courier-Journal (Louisville, Kentucky), November 15, 2008, p. 1.
  67. ^ Mary Bauer. 4-28-2010 "Arizona Immigration Law Violates Constitution, Guarantees Racial Profiling" [5]
  68. ^ Berlet, Chip (2003). "Into the Mainstream". Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2006-04-23.
  69. ^ Horowitz, David (2003). "An Open Letter To Morris Dees". FrontPageMagazine.com. FrontPageMagazine.com. Retrieved 2006-04-23.
  70. ^ Berlet, Chip. "Response to David Horowitz's Complaint." FrontPageMag. 14 September 2003. [6]
  71. ^ FrontPage Magazine - Morris Dees' Hate Campaign
  72. ^ Arabia, Chris (2003). "Chip Berlet: Leftist Lie Factory". FrontPageMagazine.com. FrontPageMagazine.com. Retrieved 2006-04-23.
  73. ^ "All the Rage". On the Media. 2010-04-02. Retrieved 2010-04-14. [M]uch of the hate speech and especially the kind of defamatory propaganda and conspiracy theories that come out of these radical right wing groups, hate groups and patriot groups, so called, is making its way into the mainstream. And that kind of conveyor belt movement from the margins to the mainstream is being very much aided, at least in the last year or two, by a number of mainstream politicians, or ostensibly mainstream politicians, and media commentators.
  74. ^ a b "Tolerance.org: About us". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  75. ^ "Teaching Tolerance". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  76. ^ "About Teaching Tolerance". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  77. ^ "Planet Tolerance". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  78. ^ "Mix it up:Our Story". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  79. ^ "Mighty Times: The Children’s March", 77th Academy Awards
    ^ "Time for Justice, A (VHS)", directcinema.com
  80. ^ FBI webpage on hate crimes, under Resources Accessed December 20, 2010
  81. ^ “Hate groups active in 2008.” Intelligence Report. Spring 2009, pp. 52-58. [7] Accessed 3-10-09.
  82. ^ ”Active U.S. hate groups: Map.” Intelligence Report. Spring 2009. [8] Accessed 3-10-09.
  83. ^ “Hate websites active in 2008.” Intelligence Report. Spring 2009, pp. 59-65.
  84. ^ “Patriot groups active in 2008.” Intelligence Report. Spring 2009, pp. 66-69.
  85. ^ Intelligence Report Get Informed web page Accessed December 18, 2010
  86. ^ "Intelligence Report". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  87. ^ a b Rory McVeigh. Structured Ignorance and Organized Racism in the United States. Social Forces, Vol. 82, No. 3, (Mar., 2004), p. 913 JSTOR
  88. ^ Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement By David Mark Chalmers Page 188
  89. ^ Untangling the web of hate: are online "hate sites" deserving of First Amendment Protection? By Brett A. Barnett
  90. ^ "Illinois Association for Cultural Diversity reading list". Western Illinois University. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
  91. ^ "Hatewatch Weekly". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  92. ^ Beirich, Heidi (2004). "Communing with the Council". Intelligence Report. Souther Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2009-01-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ "Green Eyeshade Awards 2004". Society of Professional Journalists. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
  94. ^ Holthouse, David (2007). "Southern Gothic". Intelligence Report. Souther Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2009-01-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  95. ^ "Green Eyeshade Awards 2007". Society of Professional Journalists. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
  96. ^ ”Intelligence Project Given Award.” SPLC Report, Summer 2009, p. 5.
  97. ^ a b "Lincoln Reconstructed". Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2003. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  98. ^ "Cahing in on the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. Spring 2003. Retrieved 2007-08-17. {{cite news}}: Text "last" ignored (help)
  99. ^ "In the Lyons Den: Kirk D. Lyons, a whites upremacist lawyer whose clients have been a 'Who's Who' of the radical right". Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 200-08-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  100. ^ "Whitewashing the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2003. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  101. ^ "Endowment Supports Center's Future Work". Southern Poverty Law Center. June 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  102. ^ a b "Attacking a Home-Town Icon" Jim Tharpe, Nieman Watchdog 1995.
  103. ^ Dan Morse. "A complex man: Opportunist or crusader?", Montgomery Advertiser, February 14, 1994
  104. ^ Dan Morse and Greg Jaffe. "Critics question $52 million reserve, tactics of wealthiest civil rights group", Montgomery Advertiser, February 14, 1994
  105. ^ "1995 Finalists: Explanatory Journalism". Pulitzer Prize. 1995. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  106. ^ Andrea Stone, "Morris Dees: At the Center of the Racial Storm," USA Today, August 3, 1996, A-7
  107. ^ Silverstein, Ken (March 22, 2010). ""Hate," Immigration, and the Southern Poverty Law Center". Harper's Magazine. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
  108. ^ The Conscience Industry by Alexander Cockburn The NationNovember 9, 1998 "Morris Dees has raised an endowment of close to $100 million, with which he's done little, by frightening elderly liberals that the heirs of Adolf Hitler are about to march down Main Street, lynching blacks and putting Jews into ovens. The fund raising of Dees and the richly rewarded efforts of terror mongers like Leonard Zeskind offer a dreadfully distorted view of American political realities."
  109. ^ Ken Silverstein, "The Church of Morris Dees: How the Southern Poverty Law Center profits from intolerance", Harper's Magazine, 1 November 2000, No. 1806, Vol. 301; Pg. 54; ISSN 0017-789X.
  110. ^ Southern Poverty: richer than Tonga, Harper's Magazine, March 2, 2007.
  111. ^ SPLC Financial Information
  112. ^ Better Business Bureau May 2009.
  113. ^ Charity Navigator Rating - Southern Poverty Law Center
  114. ^ American Institute of Philanthropy. Charity Rating Guide & Watchdog Report. December 2008.
  115. ^ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!", The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, 1-3.
Bibliography
  • Dees, Morris, and Steve Fiffer. 1991. A Season for Justice: The Life and Times of Civil Rights Lawyer Morris Dees. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-19189-X
  • Dees, Morris, and Steve Fiffer. 1993. Hate on Trial: The Case Against America's Most Dangerous Neo-Nazi. New York: Villard Books. ISBN 0-679-40614-X.
  • Fleming, Maria, ed. 2001. A Place At The Table: Struggles for Equality in America. New York: Oxford University Press in association with the Southern Poverty Law Center
  • Hall, Dave, Tym Burkey and Katherine M. Ramsland. 2008. Into the Devil’s Den. New York: Ballantine. ISBN 978-0-345-49694-2.
  • Day, Katie (January 21, 2010) "Southern Poverty Law Center". Encyclopedia of Alabama online

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Poverty_Law_Center&diff=prev&oldid=412155919

Leave a Reply