THC Science

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Introduction

Common hemp

Cannabis (/ˈkænəbɪs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Alternatively, C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa, all three may be treated as subspecies of C. sativa, or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species. The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia.

The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp seeds and their oils, hemp leaves for use as vegetables and as juice, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fibre. Various cannabis strains have been bred, often selectively to produce high or low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid and the plant's principal psychoactive constituent. Compounds such as hashish and hash oil are extracted from the plant. (Full article...)

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In the United States, increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis (legal term marijuana or marihuana) as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward, and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state, including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.

Cannabis was officially outlawed for any use (medical included) with the passage of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Multiple efforts to reschedule cannabis under the CSA have failed, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative and Gonzales v. Raich that the federal government has a right to regulate and criminalize cannabis, even for medical purposes. Despite this, states and other jurisdictions have continued to implement policies that conflict with federal law, beginning with the passage of California's Proposition 215 in 1996. By 2016 a majority of states had legalized medical cannabis, and in 2012 the first two states, Colorado and Washington, legalized recreational use. (Full article...)

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Close-up of flowering cannabis plant

General images

The following are images from various cannabis-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Hemp rope (from Hemp)
Image 2The number of publications about marijuana/cannabis according to Web of Science (from History of cannabis)
Image 3A macro image of hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 4Comparison of physical harm and dependence regarding various drugs (from Cannabis)
Image 5Cannabis ruderalis (from Cannabis strain)
Image 6White Widow (from Cannabis strain)
Image 7Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from History of cannabis)
Image 8Hemp and bead jewelry (from Hemp)
Image 9An advertisement for cannabis americana distributed by a pharmacist in New York in 1917 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 10Cannabis sativa (from Cannabis strain)
Image 11Hemp seed (from Hemp)
Image 12The use of cannabis, at least as fiber, has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years in Taiwan. "Dà má" (Pinyin pronunciation) is the Chinese expression for cannabis, the first character meaning "big" and the second character meaning "hemp". (from Medical cannabis)
Image 13Cannabis Museum in Amsterdam (from Cannabis)
Image 14A hemp field in Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France, which is Europe's largest hemp producer as of 2022 (from Hemp)
Image 15Hemp straw animal bedding (from Hemp)
Image 16A flowering cannabis plant (from Cannabis strain)
Image 17Blue Dream (from Cannabis strain)
Image 18Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 AD (from Hemp)
Image 19The Chinese character for hemp (麻 or má) depicts two plants under a shelter. Notably, the same character also means "numb". Cannabis cultivation dates back at least 3000 years in Taiwan. (from History of cannabis)
Image 20The variety of appearances for cannabis. Only C. sativa (left) is suited for industrial hemp, but it also has medicinal varieties. (from Hemp)
Image 21Male Cannabis flower buds (from Cannabis)
Image 22Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate, pre-1937 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 23Cannabis as illustrated in Köhler's Book of Medicinal Plants, 1897 (from Medical cannabis)
Image 24A thicket of wild cannabis in Islamabad, Pakistan (from Cannabis)
Image 25Cannabis sativa stem longitudinal section (from Cannabis)
Image 26Cannabis ruderalis (from Cannabis)
Image 27Illustrating various forms of medicinal cannabis (from Medical cannabis)
Image 28Dense raceme of female flowers typical of drug-type varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 29The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) from Ancient Egypt has a prescription for medical marijuana applied directly for inflammation. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 30Cannabis female flower with visible trichomes (from Cannabis)
Image 31Medical marijuana dispensary in Denver, Colorado (from Medical cannabis)
Image 32Cannabis growing as weeds at the foot of Dhaulagiri, Nepal (from Cannabis)
Image 33Japanese Shinto shrine with rope made of hemp (from Hemp)
Image 34Underside of Cannabis sativa leaf, showing diagnostic venation (from Cannabis)
Image 35A male hemp plant (from Cannabis)
Image 36Cannabis leaf pictured in the coat of arms of Kanepi Parish (from Cannabis)
Image 37Hulled hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 38Dried hemp stalks displayed at the International Hemp Fair in Vienna (from Hemp)
Image 39Whole hemp seeds (from Hemp)
Image 40Relative size of cannabis types (from Cannabis strain)
Image 41American medical hashish (from Medical cannabis)
Image 42Legal status of (whole-plant) medical cannabis worldwide----
Legal as authorized by a physician
Legal for any use (no prescription required)
----See also countries that have decriminalized or where enforcement is limited. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 43Cannabis indica (from Cannabis strain)
Image 44Relative size of varieties of Cannabis (from Cannabis)
Image 45Bhang eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an edible preparation of cannabis native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BC by Hindus in ancient India. (from History of cannabis)
Image 46Hemp being grown in Oregon in 2020 (from Hemp)
Image 47Evolution of cultivated cannabis strains. The cultivar, Cannabis ruderalis, still grows wild today. (from Medical cannabis)
Image 48A dried bud, typical of what is sold for recreational use
Image 49Biodiesel sample (from Hemp)
Image 50Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, AD 512 (from History of cannabis)
Image 51Top of Cannabis plant in vegetative growth stage (from Cannabis)
Image 52Harvesting hemp in the USSR, 1956 (from Hemp)
Image 53Sour Diesel (from Cannabis strain)

Did you know...

... that the Northwest Cannabis Solutions Satsop facility is operated by the largest grower of legal cannabis in the U.S. state of Washington at the site of a canceled nuclear power plant?

... that according to his memoirs, Howard Marks concluded a drug deal at the Warwick Castle with half a consignment of Thai grass hidden in a car parked outside?

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Why use up the forests which were centuries in the making and the mines which required ages to lay down, if we can get the equivalent of forest and mineral products in the annual growth of the hemp fields?

”

— Henry Ford

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Cannabis in the news

14 May 2024 – May 2024 solar storms: The sun emits the largest solar flare since 2005, days after producing auroras in the Northern and Southern Hempisheres. (Axios)

WikiProjects

WikiProject Cannabis	WikiProject Plants	WikiProject Medicine

WikiProject Drug Policy	WikiProject Psychoactive and Recreational Drugs	WikiProject Alternative medicine

WikiProject Pharmacology

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THC Science

Bringing Science to the Cannabis Conversation!

Cannabis Ruderalis

Latest revision as of 07:50, 18 January 2024