The PlayStation Portable, officially known as the PSP, is a handheld game console and a product of Sony Computer Entertainment. The PSP was first announced during E³ 2003 and was unveiled on May 11th, 2004 at a Sony press conference during E³ 2004. First released in Japan, its official retail release date was December 12, 2004. Its North American, European, and Asian release dates have not been specified, although Sony have endigmatically stated that they will be before March 31, and will be "synchronised".

The PSP is intended as an entertainment platform and is currently positioned to play videogames, movies, and music, as well as displaying digital photos. It supports Sony Memory Sticks (PRO Duo) and "Universal Media Discs" instead of traditional solid-state ROM cartridges. Other notable features of the PSP include its WiFi wireless networking support, its rechargeable and removeable battery, its large LCD screen, and its sliding flat panel analogue stick.

Games

A variety of first- and third-party games are in development. The PSP's inputs are geared for gaming rather than multimedia, with two shoulder buttons (triggers), the iconic PlayStation face buttons, start and select buttons, a digital directional pad, and an analogue input. There is also a panel of secondary controls along the underside of the screen, for controlling volume, equaliser settings, screen brightness, and accessing the system's main menu.

The PSP's analogue input is not a traditional stick, but a sliding flat panel; its odd placement originally led to speculation it was a speaker. Concerns exist regarding the practicality of the input (its position requires a slightly asymetrical grip on the unit to adequately use, with the left hand being lower than the right), although reports from E³ and the Tokyo Game Show have been fairly positive, mostly stating that it is responsive and comfortable in placement.

For a comprehensive list of PSP titles, please see the List of PlayStation Portable games; for a list of those with Wikipedia articles, please see the PlayStation Portable games category.

Japanese launch

The first shipment of 200,000 PSP units were made available for purchase in Japan on December 12, 2004. All units were sold out in the first two days. Some users have reported problems with the launch units, including dead pixels within the LCD screen and game discs ejecting when the system is twisted. Sony are offering to replace PSPs under warranty as normal, however they have stated that they do not consider a display to be faulty unless four faulty pixels are within 1cm of eachother. It is unclear whether the American an European branches of Sony will take such a stance on LCD quality.

Currently, two sales packs are available. The basic package contains the console, battery, and mains adaptor for 20,790 yen including tax (around US$195, EUR 153, £106). The "Value Pack" contains the console, battery, mains adaptor, 32MB Magicgate Memory Stick Duo PRO, headphones, remote, slip-case and wrist strap, for 26,040 yen including tax (around US$245, EUR 192, £133).

Japanese launch games

• Armored Core: Formula Front (From Software)
• Mahjong Fight Club (Konami)
• Everybody's Golf Portable (SCE)
• Ridge Racers (Namco)
• Vampire Chronicle: The Chaos Tower (Capcom)
• Lumines (Bandai)

Design and specifications

Technical Specifications

The units dimensions are 170 mm (Length) x 74 mm (Width) x 23 mm (Depth), and it weighs 260 grams including the battery. The most noticeable element of the PSP is its 4.3" 16:9 ratio TFT LCD screen. It is a 480 x 272 pixel screen and can display 16.77 million colors.

The PlayStation Portable's CPU is a MIPS R4000 (32-bit) CPU and can operate from 1 to 333 MHz; the system has 32MB of main RAM and 4MB of embedded DRAM. These is a second 1 to 333 MHz processor ("Virtual Media Engine"), along with a 166-mhz graphics chip (GPU), and a sound core. There is also an integral h.264 decoder.

The GPU provides hardware polygon and NURBS rendering, clipping, morphing, texture compression and tessellation, along with handling image output.

The specifications state that the the PSP is capable of rendering 33 million flat-shaded polygons per second, with a 664 million pixel per second fill rate.

Multimedia

The PSP is capable of displaying still image, movie and audio files stored on the UMD disk format or memory stick. The system supports MP3 and Sony's ATRAC-3 plus formats for audio, AVC (H.264) for video, and JPEG images. Sony is reportedly in talks with various studios with regards to producing their content on UMDs; such content is not expected until some time after launch.

Sony have announced that Image Converter 2, a piece of PC software for converting video files to AVC for playback on Clie PDAs, will be available before the end of the year, and may be used with the PSP. A preview version was made available shortly after the PSP launch. It can convert AVI, MPEG1/2/4, Quicktime and WMV movie files to AVG, as well as the "Gigia Pocket" and "Do VAIO" files used by VAIO PCs to record television. It will also convert most common still image files into JPEG format.

Third-party software has been available for some time which is capable of converting video files into the required AVC format, and early PSP adapters have already been able to play back converted video files from memory stick.

As the system firmware is upgradable, Sony has not ruled out support for other audio and video CODECs in the future; these would have to be decoded in software rather than hardware (just as AVC, MP3 and ATRAC decoding are). It is also technically feasible for a third party to release a disk of decoders (on UMD format) to play back unsupported video files (from Memory Stick).

Wireless networking

Wi-Fi support allows the PSP to connect to wireless networks, other PSP units, and according to several industry insiders, Sony's upcoming PlayStation 3.

Ad-hoc wireless networking allows PSPs to communicate with other units within range, directly. For games, up to 16 players can be linked together for multiplayer gaming. The first game to use this feature is the launch title Ridge Racers. One unit can act as the host for a game, which is available to other PSP units within that systems range, and appears in a list when the client PSP searches for available hosts. As expected, hosting a game in this manner increases power consumption and reduces battery life.

The PSP's main menu allows the user to configure the system for use across the internet via a wireless connection, known as infrastructure mode. Although no games are available which support this kind of connection, the PSP's menu can nevertheless recognize protected and non-protected wireless networks within its range, and attempt to request a firmware update from Sony's servers. A handful of titles (including an as-of-yet untitled MMORPG) have been announced which use this wireless network functionality, however details are scarce. Packet tunneling systems are in development by third-parties which allow any Wi-fi game to operate across the internet (see external links, below).

Additionally, the USB connection allows the PSP to connect to the PS2 or PC. Armored Core: Formula Front will allow players to connect their PS2 and PSP versions to share information, such as parts and AI configurations, between the two. Also, users can connect their PSP to the internet via a USB or wireless connection to a PC, and copy their vehicles temporarily to other players' PSPs, in order to compete.

Sony have confirmed that it will be possible for hosts of games to transmit playable game files to PSPs lacking that game (listed on the main menu as "Game Sharing"), in a manner similar to one-cartridge Game Boy Advance or Nintendo DS multiplayer.

Power

With the release of the Japanese launch details, Sony released their first figures for battery life. The machine will be capable of 3-5 hours of game play on average, or 4-5 hours of movie UMD playback on average, depending on the screen brightness or volume level selected.

However, Sony conceded that battery life will be heavily dependent on the game chosen; games such as Puzzle Bobble are expected to greatly extend the battery life of the system, with graphically advanced games such as Ridge Racers providing much shorter battery life. Ken Kuturagi has compared the system to the Walkman, in that battery life will be improved with each product revision, and has outlined some steps (switching to a different fabrication process, for example) which will be used to improve the system's endurance. Currently the PSP's CPU is fabricated using a 90-nm process, but Sony has 65-nm and 45-nm technology available.

In practice, tests using Ridge Racers have given between three and a half and slightly less than six hours of continuous gameplay, depending on screen brightness, volume, and wi-fi usage. It has been reported to allow 10 hours of MP3 playback from memory stick on a full charge and approximately half this for AVC playback. Tests with the demo UMD provided with the Value Pack suggest that 4 hours of movie UMD playback will be possible on a single charge.

The PSP's battery is removable for replacement by the end-user. This may be a response to the criticisms which the Apple iPod has recieved regarding its battery. You are thus able to purchase extra batteries as an accessory; at the Japanese launch, they cost 5040 yen including tax (around US$47, EUR 37, £26).

Operating system

The PSP's main menu interface is the XMB ("Cross Media Bar") used by recent Sony TVs and the PSX hardware. It consists of a horizontal sequence of icons (Settings, Games, Music...) which when highlighted show a vertical sequence of sub-icons (for example, selecting Games allows the memory stick or a UMD to be selected).

The main menu system allows the user to, amoungst other things, adjust settings such as date, time, and the PSP's nickname for wireless networking, play video or audio files from the memory stick, load games or movie UMDs, check on estimated battery life, and set the PSP into a "link mode" which makes the inserted memory stick available to a PC via USB. It may be accessed at any time in a game by pressing the "Home" button on the console.

The default background colour of the menus is blue, however it may change colour depending on the time of year, or user skins made available from game publishers within their game disks.

Region locking

The PSP supports region locking for titles, which limits which software may be played on each region's hardware. They have announced in interviews that the system will adopt the DVD regional lockout scheme; Japanese PSP hardware already has a R2 logo on its box. However, support for regional lockout does not necessarily mean it will be used for all software.

According to Sony, games for the PSP will at first be encoded as region-free. There will be no limitation as to what country's model can play what country's version of the game. This will open up the "portability" of the handheld, as well as enable gamers who buy a PSP game on holiday to play it on their native PSP. There has been some confusion over this, however, as the Japanese releases of titles such as Ridge Racers carry a Region 2 logo. It is traditional for handheld games consoles to carry no region locks; for example, the Nintendo Game Boy lineage.

It is expected that movies for the PSP will be region-locked, much as DVDs are.

See also

• PlayStation
• Game Boy Color

External links

• First Sony PSP™ sample unit [...]: Image Gallery (60+ shots), Impressions, Videos & more – play-asia.com
• Official Sony PSP Website (Japanese)
• Console Database – Info on both the official and unofficial PSP consoles as well as where to buy them
• Sony takes on GameBoy – CNN/Money, 14 May 2003
• PSPInsider.com
• PSP.ign.com: The PSP FAQ
• SCEA PSP Specifications press release
• PSP Info and Pictures
• PSP Discussion Board
• Team XLink packet tunneling project