Cannabis Ruderalis

thcscience_admin

Peru
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)La Blanquirroja
La Rojiblanca (The White and Red One)
AssociationPeruvian Football Federation
ConfederationCONMEBOL (South America)
Head coachSergio Markarian
CaptainJuan Manuel Vargas
Most capsRoberto Palacios (122)
Top scorerTeófilo Cubillas (26)[1]
Home stadiumEstadio Nacional
FIFA codePER
First colours
Second colours
Third colours
FIFA ranking
Current49[2]
Highest34 (September 1997)
Lowest91 (September 2009)
First international
Peru Peru 0–4 Uruguay 
(Lima, Peru; November 1, 1927)
Biggest win
Peru Peru 9–1 Ecuador 
(Bogotá, Colombia; August 11, 1938)
Biggest defeat
 Brazil 7–0 Peru Peru
(Santa Cruz, Bolivia; June 26, 1997)
World Cup
Appearances4 (first in 1930)
Best resultQuarterfinals, 1970
Copa América
Appearances34 (first in 1927)
Best resultWinners, 1939 and 1975
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Appearances1 (first in 2000)
Best resultThird (shared), 2000
Medal record
Bolivarian Games
Gold medal – first place 1938 Bogotá NA
Gold medal – first place 1947–48 Lima NA
Bronze medal – third place 1951 Caracas NA
Gold medal – first place 1961 Barranquilla NA
Gold medal – first place 1973 Panama City NA
Bronze medal – third place 1977 La Paz NA
Gold medal – first place 1981 Barquisimeto NA
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Bronze medal – third place 2000 Gold Cup NA
Copa Centenario de Armenia
Bronze medal – third place 1989 Armenia NA
Kirin Cup
Gold medal – first place 1999 Japan NA
Gold medal – first place 2005 Japan NA
Gold medal – first place 2011 Japan NA
Marlboro Cup
Silver medal – second place 1989 New York NA
Men’s Pre-Olympic Football
Silver medal – second place 1960 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1964 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1980 Colombia NA
Nike United States Cup
Bronze medal – third place 1997 U.S. Cup NA

The Peru national football team represents Peru in international football competition and is managed by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). The team competes against the other nine members of FIFA's CONMEBOL conference, which encompasses the countries of South America. The traditional colors of the team are white and red, the colors of the Peruvian flag, and the team is commonly known as la Blanquirroja (Spanish for "the white-and-red").[3]

Founded in 1927, the team plays its home matches primarily at the Estadio Nacional in Lima. The team is a reflection of the multicultural society of Peru.[4] Peru has won the Copa América on two occasions, and qualified for four FIFA World Cups and two Olympic tournaments; it has gone as far as the quarterfinal stage in both tournaments. Peru's traditional footballing rival is Chile,[5] but the team also has a prominent rivalry with neighboring Ecuador.[6]

The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent, although it is considered to have had two golden eras in football history (the 1930s and 1970s).[7] The side's early years saw World Cup participations and victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, led by football legends Juan Valdivieso, Alejandro Villanueva, and Teodoro Fernández.[7] Its 1950s side, which included Alberto Terry and Valeriano López, was considered to be among the top 20 strongest footballing nations of the decade, despite not winning any major tournaments.[8] The golden generation of Peruvian football in the 1970s brought Peru back into the world view, with players such as Héctor Chumpitaz, Hugo Sotil, and Teófilo Cubillas leading to the belief that a new footballing powerhouse had emerged.[2][9] This team qualified Peru for three FIFA World Cups, and won the Copa América in 1975.

Peru's 1982 World Cup participation was its last to date: the national team has not seen a major tournament victory or World Cup participation in over 27 years. The team was temporarily suspended from international participation by FIFA in late 2008 due to allegations of corruption between government sport authorities and the FPF. Peru has currently appointed Uruguayan Sergio Markarián as its head coach with looks of a successful participation in the 2011 Copa America and qualification to the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

History

Main article: History of the Peru national football team

Beginnings

Football was brought to Peru by English sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent visits to the port of Callao, which was then an important port of the Pacific Ocean.[10] During their free time, the English sailors played football and invited the local Chalacos (people from Callao) to participate. Allegedly, it was during these early games that the creation of the popular move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick, took place.[11] By the 1890s, British sporting clubs in the Peruvian capital such as Lima Cricket and Lawn Tennis were already playing football.[12] Football in Peru grew thanks to its practice by British residents of Peru and its adoption by Peruvians returning from England.[13]

Soon, the sports rivalry that evolved between the foreign visitors and the local Chalacos began to gain the attention of Peruvians outside the port.[13] Although at first the sport was played outside of formal organization such as sport clubs or leagues, clubs were founded in the early 20th century in order to continue the sport's practice.[14][15] In the 1900s, due to the construction of the Panama Canal, the port of Callao was no longer flooded with the several foreign sailors and travelers that had at one point made the port a center of cultural diffusion.[16] By then, football clubs and leagues had sprouted in other Peruvian cities, including Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa.[17] However, the most important amateur league (the Peruvian Football League) remained in the capital province, where rivalries arose between the Callao clubs, and those from the nearby capital of Lima.[12][18] The lack of a centralized organization often led to conflicts between the teams, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the Peruvian Football Federation in 1922, along with a new Peruvian Football League tournament under the regulation of said organization in 1926.[19]

The Peruvian Football Federation had joined CONMEBOL in 1925, but internal and economic problems prevented the creation of a national team that would officially represent the country internationally.[20] An unofficial national team was created in 1922, and it played against an Uruguayan team sponsored by the Uruguayan Football Association.[20] Subsequent years saw the appearance of several talented Peruvian football players, and international interest in their skills inspired a series of international tours across South America, to places such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile.[21] Thanks to significant number of British residents in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elites, and the rapid development of the sport among the Urban poor of La Victoria district in Lima, during this time Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region.[12]

In 1927, the Peruvian national football team was officially created.[20] The team hosted the 1927 South American Championship, and Peru reached third place after losing to Uruguay by 4–0 in their debut match, defeating Bolivia 3–2, and losing to Argentina 1–5.[22] Nevertheless, internal corruption and the commotion surrounding the Great Depression led the team that played in the 1929 edition to be selected by social favoritism rather than player skill.[23] A year later, la Blanquirroja was invited to participate in a new intercontinental competition, to be held in Uruguay: the first World Cup.[24]

1930s golden generation

See also: Peru at the Olympics and Peru v Austria (1936)
File:PeruOlympics1936.png
1936 Berlin Summer Olympics team. Front: Adelfo Magallanes, Jorge Alcalde, Teodoro Fernández, José Morales, and Alejandro Villanueva. Back: Carlos Tovar, José María Lavalle, Juan Valdivieso, Arturo Fernández, Segundo Castillo, and Orestes Jordán.

The 1930s is considered to be the first golden era of Peruvian football.[7] At the inaugural 1930 FIFA World Cup, the Peruvian team failed to progress beyond the group stages; despite this performance, the Uruguayan audience was surprised by the level of skill demonstrated by the Peruvians.[25] Between 1933 and 1934, the national squad (composed mainly of players from Universitario de Deportes, Alianza Lima, and Atletico Chalaco) united with the Chilean squad (formed mainly by players from Colo Colo) to form the Combinado del Pacifico (known by the European press as the "Peru-Chile XI" and "All-Pacific," among other names),[26] which toured the European countries of England, Germany, France, and Spain until August 1935. Teodoro Fernandez became the team's top goal scorer with 48 goals in 39 games.[27]

Peru was the only South American football representative in the 1936 Berlin Olympics.[7] The team began the tournament well, defeating Finland 7–3. Players for Peru included Teodoro Fernández, Alejandro Villanueva, Juan Valdivieso, and Adelfo Magallanes.[28] The IFFHS considers this Peruvian side to have been "a technically excellent and strong attacking side" that had "everything to be a finalist."[29] The Peruvians went on to upset the Austrian Wunderteam, who were favorites to win the tournament, by defeating them 4–2 in extra time. After the game, the Austrian team alleged that the Peruvian players had manhandled them, and that Peruvian spectators, one brandishing a revolver, had swarmed down on the field during overtime.[30] However, Peru was playing as the away team, almost without any supporters, and neither the nationality or identity of the spectators that entered the field during the regular time of play (not overtime) were ever discovered.[31] Despite the lack of concrete evidence, the International Olympic Committee, which was essentially a FIFA committee presided by Jules Rimet,[32] controversially nullified the result and ordered a re-match behind closed doors, which drove the Peruvian and Colombian delegations to forfeit the games in protest.[30] The story was told differently by European and South American media; to this day, the exact details of what occurred are not known.[28] Nowadays, the IFFHS is the only international football organization to condemn the actions taken against Peru in the tournament.[32]

In 1938, Peru won its first international title at the first Bolivarian Games, defeating Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.[33] In 1939, la Blanquirroja won Peru's first South American Championship (known later as the Copa América), a tournament remembered for the conspicuous absence of football powerhouses Brazil and Argentina. The Peruvians defeated the Uruguayan team by a close score of 2–1 in the final,[34] after eliminating Ecuador, Chile, and Paraguay. Peru became the fourth nation to become South American champions, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.

Good games, few titles

By 1941, la Blanquirroja's star-studded squad was beginning to show its age.[35] In the same year, Peru and Argentina played a three-game series for the Copa Roque Saenz Peña in Lima, and a struggling Peru managed to draw twice before finally losing the third match 3–0.[36] The national squad's diminishing effectiveness was most apparent during the South American Championships of the 1940s,[37] where the team's most positive performances came from goalkeeper José Soriano.[38] Peru would not win another international title until 1947, when the side won the Bolivarian Games.[33] Three years later, at the South American Championship held in Brazil, Peru gained third place after defeating Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay.[39]

By the 1950s, Peru had once again become a major protagonist in South American football, ranking among the top 20 strongest football nations of the decade.[8] In the Pan-American Championship of 1952 the Peruvians defeated Panama and Mexico, tied with Brazil and lost to Chile and Uruguay in close matches.[37] Players such as Alberto Terry, Guillermo Barbadillo, Valeriano López, Félix Castillo, and Óscar Gómez Sánchez contributed to Peru's competitive play throughout the 1950s. During 1953 and 1954, Peru achieved its only two titles of the decade, twice winning the Copa del Pacífico (Pacific Cup), a trophy disputed between Chile and Peru every time the two sides play.[37] In the 1955 South American Championship, the national squad's campaign took them to a third place finish.[40] Nonetheless, the team fared poorly at the Pan-American Championship held in Mexico, and the South American Championship in Montevideo.[37] The team made a slight recovery as the decade closed, reaching fourth place at the 1957 and 1959 South American Championships, and defeating England 4–1 in an exhibition match.[37][41][42]

During the 1960s, Peru showed signs of improvement, winning the Bolivarian Games in Barranquilla and qualifying for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[33] However, these would be the only achievements of the decade, as Peru failed to place in the top four spots of the 1963 South American Championship, did not qualify for the Chile and England World Cups, and was unable to regain the Copa del Pacífico.

1970s golden generation

File:PeruTeam1970.png
1970 World Cup squad. Top: Pedro Gonzales, Ramon Mifflin, Héctor Chumpitaz, Luis Rubiños, Nicolás Fuentes, Orlando de la Torre. Bottom: Julio Baylon, Roberto Challe, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, Alberto Gallardo.

The story of the 1970s golden generation started in late 1969, when la Blanquirroja qualified for the Mexico 1970 World Cup. Thanks to the goals of "Cachito" Ramírez, the squad tied Argentina at a game popularly known as "La Bombonera" (in reference to the Estadio Alberto J. Armando where the game was played).[43] The squad, managed by "Didi" Pereira, followed a 4–2–4 formation that typically comprised José Fernández, Orlando de la Torre, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Nicolás Fuentes as the defenders; Ramón Mifflin and Roberto Challe as the midfielders; Julio Baylón, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, and Alberto Gallardo as the forwards; and Luis Rubiños as the goalkeeper.[44]

The participation of Peru in the 1970 FIFA World Cup was particularly memorable when the squad caused surprise as they advanced into the quarterfinals by defeating Bulgaria 3–2 and Morocco 3–0, and despite losing 3–1 to Germany.[9][37] Although Peru lost the quarterfinal game to Brazil by 4–2, la Blanquirroja would go on to win the Copa del Pacífico, were invited to participate in the Brazil Independence Cup, and won the Copa Mariscal Sucre.[37] Additionally, the squad won their second Copa America in 1975.[45]

In 1978, la Blanquirroja once again qualified for a World Cup. The squad, led by Marcos Calderón, had a different (4–4–2) formation from the early 70s structure. Jaime Duarte, Héctor Chumpitaz, Rubén Díaz, and Germán Leguía were on the defense; César Cueto, Percy Rojas, Teófilo Cubillas, and José Velásquez on the midfield; Juan José Muñante, Juan Carlos Oblitas, Guillermo La Rosa, and Hugo Sotil on the attack; and Ramón Quiroga as the goalkeeper.[46]

Prior to the World Cup, the national squad defeated varied opponents such as China and Hungary.[37] Once into the World Cup finals, Peru reached the top of their group after defeating Scotland (3–1), tying with the Netherlands (0–0), and defeating Iran (4–1).[46] However, in the second round, Peru ended last in the group after losing to Brazil (0–3), Poland (0–1), and to Argentina (0–6) in a controversial match that some claim was bought by Argentina's military junta.[46][47] After the tournament, the squad played some international friendlies to prepare for the Copa America of 1979; they would tie Scotland at Glasgow (1–1) and defeat Uruguay in Lima (2–0). Nonetheless, by the time this new tournament started, Peru was eliminated by Chile. This great era in Peruvian football ended with a 1–0 loss against Mexico at Monterrey.[37]

From glory to decline

See also: Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Peru national football team indiscipline scandals
File:1982-paraguay-wm-spain-1-peru.JPG
Peruvian team featured in a Paraguayan stamp of the 1982 FIFA World Cup held in Spain.

The national team occasionally shone in the 1980s. La Blanquirroja successfully qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the expense of Colombia and Uruguay, the recent Mundialito winners.[48] Under the direction of Tim, the Peruvians won the Pacific Cup and led a European and African tour in which la Blanquirroja defeated Hungary (2–1), France (1–0), tied Algeria (1–1), and upon their return defeated Romania (2–0).[37] Tim's squad was composed of a 4–4–2 formation with Jaime Duarte, Rubén Toribio Díaz, Salvador Salguero, and Jorge Olaechea in defense; César Cueto, José Velásquez, Julio César Uribe, and Teófilo Cubillas in midfield; Gerónimo Barbadillo and Juan Carlos Oblitas as forwards; and Ramón Quiroga as goalkeeper.[49] Once in the World Cup of Spain, the team did not perform well as they tied with Cameroon and Italy, and lost 5–1 against Poland.[49]

Afterwards, Peru would miss out on seven consecutive FIFA World Cup tournaments. The 1987 Alianza Lima air disaster further crushed hopes for the team as a series of good players ready to play for Peru and the national team's coach Marcos Calderón (among others) died.[50] Nevertheless, Peru nearly qualified for the 1986 and 1998 editions of the tournament. In 1986, the Peruvians needed a victory against Argentina in order to directly qualify to the World Cup, but an Argentina led by Diego Maradona obtained a draw that forced Peru to participate in a play-off game against Chile, which Peru lost. Similarly, in 1998 Peru missed the chance to appear in the World Cup tournament only due to their goal difference with Chile.[51]

Despite the losses, in 1986 Peru was invited to participate in its first Asian tournament, the Nehru Cup of India, and in 1989 Peru attained second and third places in the Marlboro Cup and the Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989 (in Armenia, Colombia), respectively.[52][53] Moreover, Peru attained a fourth place at the 1997 Copa América and was invited to the 1997 U.S. Cup, in which they beat the United States 1–0, lost to Denmark 1–2, and tied with Mexico (the eventual champions of the competition) 0–0.[54] Later, in 1999, the team won its first Kirin Cup and would attain a second title in the Japanese competition in 2005.[55] In the year 2000, the team was invited to join the CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament along with Colombia and South Korea,[56] and earned third place in the North American competition.[57] Players like Nolberto Solano, Andrés Mendoza, Flavio Maestri, Roberto Palacios, Claudio Pizarro, and José del Solar made a positive difference to the team's performance.[58]

Recent history

La Blanquirroja in the Copa América Venezuela 2007.

In 2007, Peru's U-17 squad surprised the nation by qualifying for and reaching the quarterfinals of the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. During the 2010 qualification season, a corruption and indiscipline scandal shook the national team as Peruvian journalists Jaime Bayly and Magaly Medina revealed that a series of Peru's most recognized players, including Claudio Pizarro, Andrés Mendoza, Santiago Acasiete, Paolo Guerrero, and Jefferson Farfán, were seen at nightclubs and parties only days before the team was scheduled to play qualifier matches. Several players were banned from playing for the national team while others were put under investigation.[59][60] Ironically, banned players such as Pizarro and Farfán ended up with successful 2009 seasons while the national team suffered shame in the bottom of the South American qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup.[61]

In a further blow to the team's reputation, in November 2008, FIFA suspended several Peruvian Football Federation authorities, as well as several Peruvian Football League authorities and referees; additionally, the national team was barred from participating in international competition, under allegations of irregularities between the FPF, the Peruvian Institute of Sports (IPD), and the Peruvian government.[62] The president of the IPD, Arturo Woodman, and the Peruvian government had made re-election of FPF President Manuel Burga illegal under allegations of corruption. With FIFA's approval, the FPF later reappointed Burga.[63] After the FPF and IPD agreed to discuss the matter and reach an agreement, FIFA President Sepp Blatter lifted the bans and restrictions.[64]

As a result of the controversy, Peru was stripped of its opportunity to host the 2009 South American Youth Championship; the tournament was held in Venezuela instead. Peru's hopes of qualifying for the 2010 World Cup were dashed early on, as the team was the first CONMEBOL squad to be eliminated from the finals. The Peruvian sports press dubbed the current squad "Los Hijos de Burga" (the "Sons of Burga"), in reference to the FPF's president, who was widely blamed for Peru's terrible qualifying campaign. The press went on to name the squad the worst in the national team's 82-year history, amidst calls for Burga's resignation.[65][66][67] Following the end of the qualifiers, Juan Manuel Vargas and Nolberto Solano, who officially retired from the team at this time, expressed their hopes to change the way things were going for the national squad.[68][69] The team finalized the qualifying tournament in last place, with only 3 victories and a mere 13 points. Further reflecting the team's terrible state, in the August 2009 FIFA World Rankings Peru reached spot 91, its lowest ranking to date.[70]

Héctor Chumpitaz, Peru's former star defense, suggested that more renowned coaches, such as Gustavo Costas and Luis Fernando Suárez, be given a chance at leading Peru based on their successes in the national football league.[71] On July 2, 2010, Uruguayan Sergio Markarián took charge of the national team with the task of leading Peru in the 2011 Copa América and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[72] Markarian's work with the national team gained the attention of such notable figures as Pele, who commented Peru held "all the possibilities in the world" of qualifying under Markarian.[73]

FIFA World Cup record

Main article: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
1970 FIFA Fair Play Trophy certificate. Peru was the first country awarded this FIFA World Cup honor.

Peru has played at four FIFA World Cup finals, the first in 1930 and the last in 1982.[74] In the 1930 la Blanquirroja lost both of its matches. During the match against Romania, Peru's Placido Galindo became the first player to be sent off during a World Cup.[75] In 1969, Peru had an infamous 1–2 loss to Bolivia in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, after which match referee Sergio Chechelev admitted to having been paid by Argentina to fix the game in Bolivia's favor.[76] Peru eventually qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in a historic 2–2 match against Argentina, which became La Albiceleste's first and only time they did not qualify for the tournament finals.[77] The 1970 team led by "Didi" Pereira beat Bulgaria 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at half-time,[78] beat Morocco 3–0, lost to Germany 1–3, and were finally eliminated by Brazil 4–2 in the quarterfinal match.[79][80]

Peru qualified for the 1978 cup held in Argentina, where they famously beat Ally MacLeod's Scotland 3–1,[81][82][83] and infamously lost to Argentina in a game that is claimed to have been set up by the military junta that governed Argentina during those times.[84] Peru qualified in first place from its group after also drawing with the Netherlands at 0–0 and beating Iran 4–1.[85][86] It was rumored that Peru had been paid by the Argentine military government to play poorly in order to concede the goals Argentina needed; fueling the rumors was the fact that the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, was born in Argentina. None of the allegations could be proven, and Argentina went on to win the tournament.[87] By the time the Spain 1982 World Cup came, the Peruvian squad made a successful practice tour in Europe and Africa,[37] but ties with Cameroon and Italy and a defeat by Poland (5–1) saw them leave the tournament early.[88]

FIFA World Cup record
Year Round Position GP W D* L GS GA
Uruguay 1930 Group Stage 10th 2 0 0 2 1 4
Italy 1934 Withdrew
France 1938 Did Not Enter
Brazil 1950 Withdrew
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958 Did Not Qualify
Chile 1962
England 1966
Mexico 1970 Quarter-Final 7th 4 2 0 2 9 9
West Germany 1974 Did Not Qualify
Argentina 1978 Second Group Stage 8th 6 2 1 3 7 12
Spain 1982 Group Stage 20th 3 0 2 1 2 6
Mexico 1986 Did Not Qualify
Italy 1990
United States 1994
France 1998
South Korea Japan 2002
Germany 2006
South Africa 2010
Brazil 2014 To Be Determined
Russia 2018
Qatar 2022
Total Quarter-Final 4/19 15 4 3 8 19 31
*Denotes draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.

Template:Peru FIFA World Cup Squads

Copa América record

Main article: Peru at the Copa América
Celebrations in the Estadio Nacional prior to the final of the Copa América 2004 held in Peru.

After joining CONMEBOL in 1925, Peru has hosted the Copa América six times and won it twice. Peru has had two top goalscorers for the tournament, Teodoro Fernández (7 goals, 1939) and Eduardo Malasquez (3 goals, 1983).[89] The 1927 tournament was the first hosted by Peru, followed by the 1935, 1939, 1957 and the 2004 tournaments.

In 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa América title by defeating Ecuador 5–2, Chile 3–1, and Paraguay 3–0 in order to reach the final. With skilled players like Teodoro Fernández and Jorge Alcalde, Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by the close score of 2–1.[90] With this result, Peru became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil, to win the Copa América.

In 1975, the Peruvians won the first Copa América held without a fixed venue by defeating Chile and Bolivia in the group stages, Brazil at the Mineirão by a score of 3–1 with the goals of Enrique Casaretto and Teófilo Cubillas in the semifinals, and, after being randomly chosen in a CONMEBOL-sponsored lottery (which was ordered after Brazil defeated Peru in Lima by a score of 0–2, thus equalizing in the amount of points) between it and Brazil,[91] defeated Colombia in two out of three games played for the final. La Blanquirroja lost the first leg of the final played at Colombia, but won the second match at Lima and a final third match at Caracas thanks to the goals of Juan Carlos Oblitas, Oswaldo Ramírez, and Hugo Sotil.[91]

Aside from these two victories, Peru's best place in the tournament have been four third places, two in 1927 and 1935 in Peru, one in 1949 in Brazil, and the last in 1955 in Chile. When the tournaments once again began to be hosted by individual countries, Peru's best place was in 1997 when they gained fourth place after losing to Mexico for the third place match. In 2004, Peru once again hosted the tournament, but did not manage to get beyond the quarterfinals. This same story repeated itself in 2007, and the team looks forward to the 2011 tournament to be held in Argentina.

Copa America/South American Championship
Total: 2 Titles
Year Position Year Position Year Position
1916–1926 Absent Brazil 1949 Third Place Argentina 1987 Round 1
Peru 1927 Third Place Peru 1953 Fifth Place Brazil 1989 Round 1
Argentina 1929 Fourth Place Chile 1955 Third Place Chile 1991 Round 1
Peru 1935 Third Place Uruguay 1956 Sixth Place Ecuador 1993 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1937 Sixth place Peru 1957 Fourth Place Uruguay 1995 Round 1
Peru 1939 Winners Argentina 1959 Fourth Place Bolivia 1997 Fourth Place
Chile 1941 Fourth Place Bolivia 1963 Fifth place Paraguay 1999 Quarterfinals
Uruguay 1942 Fifth place Uruguay 1967 Withdrew Colombia 2001 Quarterfinals
Chile 1945 Withdrew 1975 Winners Peru 2004 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1946 Withdrew 1979 Semifinals Venezuela 2007 Quarterfinals
Ecuador 1947 Fifth Place 1983 Semifinals Argentina 2011 Third Place

Template:Peru Copa América Champion Squads

Stadium

Main article: Estadio Nacional (Lima)

The Estadio Nacional (National Stadium), also known as the Coloso de José Díaz, is a 45,574-spectator stadium located in Lima that acts as the traditional home of the Peruvian team and the National Stadium of Peru.[92] The stadium opened on July 18, 1897, as the Estadio Guadalupe. The Peruvian Football League (which later became the Peruvian Football Federation) used it for the first official football tournaments, which were held in Lima. In 1921, as part of President Augusto B. Leguía's embellecimiento (beautification) program, the stadium was renovated and renamed the Estadio Nacional de Peru.[93] Later, during the regime of General Manuel Odría, the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.[94]

In preparation for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, artificial turf was installed as a means of improving the stadium's aesthetic appeal; the surface was left in place after the tournament. By 2005, Peru was home to four of the world's eight "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial pitches) stadiums.[95] Despite being one of the Star II-certified stadiums,[96] the surface has received heavy criticisms from Peruvian First Division clubs, due to player injuries for which it is allegedly responsible.[97] As of 2010, the national stadium is undergoing modernization improvements that will result in improved lighting, more parking space, and additional seating. The stadium is set to be completed and re-inaugurated during the first half of 2011, possibly with a game against Spain.[98]

The national team occasionally selects other stadiums as its home venue. The thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco and the balmy Amazonic climate of the Estadio Max Augustín in Iquitos provide strategic advantages against certain rivals.[99] Other stadiums in Lima are sometimes used to bring the team closer to certain communities in the city, such as Alianza Lima's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva.[100] In recent times, Universitario's Estadio Monumental "U" is most often selected for home matches due to controversy over the National Stadium's playing surface.[97]

Uniform

Nolberto Solano, former captain of Peru and third top goalscorer wearing a kit design from 2007.

Peru's national colors are red and white.[101] The team's first uniform was made for the 1927 South American Championship, and it consisted of white shorts and a shirt with vertical stripes. Another uniform was made for the 1930 FIFA World Cup held in Uruguay: an all-white kit with a red collar. A third uniform was made for the 1935 South American Championship, the only difference from the prior kit being a horizontal red stripe. Peru's current uniform was made for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics, and it consists of a red stripe that crosses the chest diagonally from the left shoulder to the hip's right.[3] The simple design of the Peruvian jersey received international praise in 2010 when ESPN, a sports network, qualified Peru's 1978 FIFA World Cup jersey as the best World Cup jersey of all time.[102]

The Blanquirroja has had a total of eight different uniform manufacturers. The German-based company Adidas in 1978 became the first official manufacturer of the national team's kit. During the 1980s, Peru had contracts with Brazilian company Penalty (1981–1982), Adidas (1983–1985), and a couple of deals with national manufacturers Calvo Sportwear (1987) and Power (1989–1991). In the 1990s, Peru signed deals with the Italian company Diadora (1991–1992), local manufacturer Polmer (1993–1995), the England-based company Umbro (1996–1997), and a long-term contract with local company Walon Sport (1998–2010). During its long association with the Blanquirroja, Walon produced a series of different kits for Peru, among them the 1998 version with folkloric designs and the 2003 version that was similar to the kits Adidas produced for Peru.[3] As of July 2010, Umbro will once again create the kits for the Blanquirroja. The presentation of the new uniform was made on September 4, 2010, in the friendly against Canada.[103] On December 3, 2010, the new Umbro uniform was presented for 2010/12. A new version of the Umbro uniform was presented on March 15, 2011 for the upcoming friendlies and Copa America.

  • Peru's 1927 uniform
    Peru's 1927 uniform
  • Peru's 1930 uniform
    Peru's 1930 uniform
  • Peru's 1935 uniform
    Peru's 1935 uniform
  • Peru's current uniform (1936–Present)
    Peru's current uniform (1936–Present)

Rivalries

See also: Chile and Peru football rivalry

The Peruvian team has major regional rivalries with Chile and Ecuador. Territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have led to a large football rivalry between Chile and Peru since the ending of the War of the Pacific. Both nations dispute the origin of the football move known as the bicycle kick, which Chileans claim they invented in 1914 while Peruvians claim it was invented in Peru during the late 19th century.[11][104] Their games, considered by CNN (Cable News Network) to be among the top ten rivalries in the world,[104] have gained the nickname of Clásico del Pacífico, meaning the "Derby of the Pacific," and a trophy named the Copa del Pacífico (Cup of the Pacific) is awarded whenever both national teams play.[5][37] Peru's rivalry with Ecuador, derived from various historical border conflicts between the two countries, is not as great as with Chile, but is still of competitive importance to both nations.[6]

Players

Main article: List of Peru international footballers

Current squad

The following 23 players were selected for the 2011 Copa América.[105]

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
12 1GK Salomón Libman (1984-02-25) February 25, 1984 (age 40) 5 0 Peru Alianza Lima
1 1GK Raúl Fernández (1985-10-06) October 6, 1985 (age 38) 13 0 France Nice
23 1GK Leao Butrón (1977-03-06) March 6, 1977 (age 47) 36 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
3 2DF Santiago Acasiete (1977-10-22) October 22, 1977 (age 46) 37 2 Spain Almería
4 2DF Walter Vílchez (1982-02-20) February 20, 1982 (age 42) 60 1 Peru Sporting Cristal
13 2DF Renzo Revoredo (1986-05-11) May 11, 1986 (age 38) 10 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
21 2DF Christian Ramos (1988-11-04) November 4, 1988 (age 35) 13 0 Peru Alianza Lima
17 2DF Giancarlo Carmona (1985-10-08) October 8, 1985 (age 38) 5 0 Argentina San Lorenzo
19 2DF Yoshimar Yotún (1990-04-07) April 7, 1990 (age 34) 8 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
2 2DF Alberto Rodríguez (1984-03-31) March 31, 1984 (age 40) 37 0 Portugal Sporting
15 2DF Aldo Corzo (1989-05-20) May 20, 1989 (age 35) 6 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
22 3MF Antonio Gonzales (1986-05-16) May 16, 1986 (age 38) 5 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
6 3MF Juan Manuel Vargas (c) (1983-10-05) October 5, 1983 (age 40) 35 4 Italy Fiorentina
5 3MF Adán Balbín (1986-10-13) October 13, 1986 (age 37) 10 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
11 3MF Carlos Lobatón (1980-02-06) February 6, 1980 (age 44) 15 1 Peru Sporting Cristal
8 3MF Michael Guevara (1984-06-10) June 10, 1984 (age 40) 8 0 Peru Sport Boys
18 3MF William Chiroque (1980-03-10) March 10, 1980 (age 44) 13 1 Peru Juan Aurich
10 3MF Rinaldo Cruzado (1984-09-21) September 21, 1984 (age 39) 22 0 Italy Chievo
7 3MF Josepmir Ballón (1988-03-21) March 21, 1988 (age 36) 18 0 Argentina River Plate
9 4FW Paolo Guerrero (1984-01-01) January 1, 1984 (age 40) 34 15 Germany Hamburger SV
14 4FW Raúl Ruidíaz (1990-07-25) July 25, 1990 (age 33) 4 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
16 4FW Luis Advíncula (1990-03-02) March 2, 1990 (age 34) 15 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
20 4FW André Carrillo (1991-06-14) June 14, 1991 (age 33) 2 0 Portugal Sporting

Recent call-ups

  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Erick Delgado (1982-06-30) June 30, 1982 (age 41) 14 0 Peru Sporting Cristal 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad)
DF Jesús Rabanal (1984-12-25) December 25, 1984 (age 39) 6 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF Orlando Contreras (1982-06-11) June 11, 1982 (age 42) 6 1 Peru Universidad San Martín 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF Carlos Zambrano (1989-07-10) July 10, 1989 (age 34) 16 1 Germany St. Pauli 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF Gianfranco Espinoza (1986-08-28) August 28, 1986 (age 37) 1 0 Peru León de Huánuco vs  Panama, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF Willy Rivas (1985-05-04) May 4, 1985 (age 39) 2 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF Roberto Guizasola (1984-08-21) August 21, 1984 (age 39) 5 0 Argentina Rosario Central vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 DF John Galliquio (1979-01-12) January 12, 1979 (age 45) 31 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Panama, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)
MF Christian Cueva (1991-11-23) November 23, 1991 (age 32) 2 0 Peru Universidad San Martín 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Luis Ramírez (1984-11-10) November 10, 1984 (age 39) 15 2 Brazil Corinthians 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Jean Tragodara (1985-12-16) December 16, 1985 (age 38) 7 1 Peru Alianza Lima 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Roberto Merino (1982-05-19) May 19, 1982 (age 42) 1 0 Peru Unión Comercio vs  Japan, June 1, 2011 (Friendly) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Renzo Sheput (1980-08-11) August 11, 1980 (age 43) 1 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Luis Trujillo (1990-12-27) December 27, 1990 (age 33) 3 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Paolo de la Haza (1983-11-30) November 30, 1983 (age 40) 32 1 China Jiangsu Sainty vs  Panama, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Reimond Manco (1990-08-23) August 23, 1990 (age 33) 5 0 Unattached vs  Panama, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 MF Rainer Torres (1980-01-12) January 12, 1980 (age 44) 25 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Panama, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)
FW Irven Ávila (1990-07-02) July 2, 1990 (age 33) 2 0 Peru Sport Huancayo 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Jefferson Farfán (1984-08-23) August 23, 1984 (age 39) 40 12 Germany Schalke 04 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Claudio Pizarro (1978-10-03) October 3, 1978 (age 45) 56 13 Germany Werder Bremen 2011 Copa América (preliminary squad) (withdrew due to injury)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Hernán Rengifo (1983-04-18) April 18, 1983 (age 41) 20 6 Cyprus Omonia vs  Ecuador, March 29, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Wilmer Aguirre (1983-05-10) May 10, 1983 (age 41) 5 0 Mexico San Luis vs  Panama, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Víctor Rossel (1985-11-05) November 5, 1985 (age 38) 1 0 Peru Universidad César Vallejo vs  Panama, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Johan Sotil (1982-08-29) August 29, 1982 (age 41) 2 0 Peru Sport Huancayo vs  Panama, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Johan Fano (1978-08-09) August 9, 1978 (age 45) 17 3 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Panama, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW José Carlos Fernández (1983-05-14) May 14, 1983 (age 41) 3 2 Ecuador Deportivo Quito vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Juan Diego González-Vigil (1985-02-18) February 18, 1985 (age 39) 4 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Colombia, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 FW Daniel Chávez (1988-01-08) January 8, 1988 (age 36) 10 0 Romania Oţelul Galaţi vs  Panama, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)

Managers

Main article: List of managers of the Peru national football team

Since the creation of the national team in 1927, several coaches have been in charge of managing Peru. The first coach, Uruguayan Pedro Olivieri, was appointed for the 1927 South American Championship that was held in Peru. During the first World Cup in 1930, Spaniard Francisco Bru was given the position of manager.[109] However, Peru was to win its first two international titles (the Bolivarian Games of 1938 and the South American championship of 1939) under the coaching of English Jack Greenwell.

Brazilian Valdir Pereira, Peruvian Marcos Calderón, and Brazilian Elba de Pádua Lima were to lead Peru in its FIFA World Cup games of 1970, 1978, and 1982 respectively.[110][111][112] Both Pereira and Calderón managed to get past the first round of the competition, but to date Pereira's quarterfinal finish is the farthest Peru has gotten in the World Cup. Nonetheless, Calderón would manage Peru in its 1975 Copa América victory, the national team's second title in the competition. Other tournament winning coaches include Colombian Francisco Maturana and Peruvian Freddy Ternero, who both obtained the Kirin Cup titles of 1999 and 2005 respectively.

Statistically the most successful manager was Jack Greenwell, who won all eight games in which he took charge. Discounting managers who took charge in ten or less games, the least successful manager was Brazilian José Macia, with just two wins in 23 games. The current manager of Peru, Uruguayan Sergio Markarián, was appointed in 2010 as the replacement of José del Solar. Markarián is tasked with leading Peru in the 2011 Copa America and the 2014 FIFA World Cup CONMEBOL qualifiers.

These are the latest 10 managers of the national football team, for a complete list please visit the main article:

Name Peru career Played Won Drawn Lost Win % # Titles
Peru Freddy Ternero 1997 Copa America 6 3 0 3 50.00 0
Peru Juan Carlos Oblitas 1996–1999 38 16 9 13 42.10 0
Colombia Francisco Maturana 1999–2000 14 4 4 6 28.57 1
Peru Julio César Uribe 2000–2002 15 3 4 8 20.00 0
Brazil Paulo Autuori 2003–2005 31 9 10 12 29.03 0
Peru Freddy Ternero 2005–2006 8 3 2 3 37.50 1
Peru Franco Navarro 2006 7 0 3 4 0.00 0
Peru Julio César Uribe 2007 7 2 1 4 28.57 0
Peru José "Chemo" del Solar 2007–2009 28 6 6 16 21.43 0
Uruguay Sergio Markarián 2010–present 12 7 5 2 57.14 1
Totals 161 51 42 70 30.32 2
  • Freddy Ternero took charge during the 1997 Copa America, but Juan Carlos Oblitas was the head coach.

Records and Fixtures

Main articles: Peru national football team records and Peru national football team results and fixtures
File:Seminario Goal.png
Juan Seminario scores one of his three goals against England in the match Peru won by 4–1.

According to CONMEBOL, Peruvian teams are often said to play with much technique and elegance, generally making them one of the finest exponents of South American football.[113] Peru has positive overall head-to-head records against Asian, African, Caribbean, and Central American teams. [114] The largest margin of victory achieved by the Blanquirroja is a 9–1 score against Ecuador in the inaugural Bolivarian Games. The team's record defeat took place in the 1997 Copa América, when Brazil defeated Peru by a score of 7–0.[37] Peru is the first team that received a FIFA Fair Play Trophy. The Peruvians received the award in the 1970 FIFA World Cup because they were the only team that received no yellow or red cards in their games.[115]

Roberto Palacios has the most appearances with the national team, having played 122 times between 1992 and 2007. Héctor Chumpitaz, with 105 appearances, and Jorge Soto, with 101 appearances, follow in second and third respectively. For goalkeepers, Oscar Ibañez holds the most appearances with 50 caps, followed by Miguel Miranda (47 caps) and Ramón Quiroga (40 caps).[116] Teófilo Cubillas holds the team's record of top goalscorer with 26 goals in 81 appearances. Teodoro Fernández is in second, but holds a better goal per appearance average with 24 goals in 32 appearances. In third place is Nolberto Solano, who has 20 goals in 89 appearances.[116] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest goal during a match against Mexico on August 20, 2003; Pizarro also scored the second fastest goal while Luis Ramírez scored the third.[117]

Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández, and Juan Valdivieso were part of the Combinado del Pacífico that toured Europe from 1933 to 1934 and ultimately ended with an alleged record of 13 games won, 13 tied, and 13 lost; Fernández was top scorer with 48 goals.[26] Hugo Sotil, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Teófilo Cubillas were selected from the Peruvian football team to be part of the starting line-up of the South America XI that played against the Europe XI in 1973 at the Nou Camp of FC Barcelona. Sotil scored South America's second goal, and Chumpitaz scored the tying goal (4–4); South America beat Europe 7–6 in the penalty rounds.[118]

Peru has played a total 525 official matches, including friendlies, since 1927. There have been numerous memorable matches throughout the history of the Blanquirroja, including varied results such as the surprising 4–1 victory over England and the disappointing disqualification from the 1936 Summer Olympics after defeating Austria 4–2.[37] Peru's last match was against Colombia in the Copa America 2011 quarter finals. Peru won 2–0 at extra time.[119]

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Goalscoring for Peru National Team". José Luis Pierrend. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  2. ^ a b "Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  3. ^ a b c Template:Es icon"La Blanquiroja". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  4. ^ Thorndike, p. 158
  5. ^ a b "High Alert for Chile-Peru Qualifier". thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  6. ^ a b "La "U" un Campeon con Altura, y Peru Rumbo al Mundial..." Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
  7. ^ a b c d Witzig, p. 349
  8. ^ a b "World Football Elo Ratings: Peru". Eloratings.net. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  9. ^ a b "The slide of Peruvian football". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  10. ^ Roel, p. 124
  11. ^ a b Template:Es icon"¿Chilena o chalaca?... esa es la cuestión". Elperiodicodemexico.com. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
  12. ^ a b c Goldblatt, p. 135
  13. ^ a b Template:Es icon "La difusión del fútbol en Lima". sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  14. ^ Template:Es icon"Lima Cricket & Football Club". clublimacricket.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  15. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  16. ^ "The Panama Canal". xroads.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  17. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia Blanquiazul 1901–1920". Clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Origines de Cienciano". elcienciano.com. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
    Template:Es icon"Inicios de FBC Melgar". fbcmelgaraqp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Historia del Club". Bolognesifc.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  18. ^ "Peru-List of Final Tables". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  19. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia". fpf.org.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  20. ^ a b c Template:Es icon"La Seleccion Peruana de 1924". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  21. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia Blanquiazul: 1921–1960". clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Teodoro 'Lolo' Fernandez". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
    Template:Es icon "Un Poco de Historia". Futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
    Template:Es icon"L historia del futbol venezolano". Mipunto.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
    Template:Es icon"58 años de fútbol profesional". Arcotriunfal.com. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
  22. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1927". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  23. ^ Template:Es icon"1929: La Seleccion peruana Reflejo de una Sociedad Partida". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  24. ^ "1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  25. ^ Template:Es icon"Minuto a minuto". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  26. ^ a b "European Tour of the "Combinado del Pacífico" 1933–34". Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  27. ^ Template:Es icon"La Municipalidad de Lima y la difusión del fútbol". Munlima.gob.pe. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  28. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Controversia | Berlín 36. Un mito derrumbado". Larepublica.com.pe. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  29. ^ Witzig, p. 350
  30. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Las Olimpiadas de Berlín". Peru.com. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  31. ^ Witzig, pp. 352–358
  32. ^ a b Witzig, p. 358
  33. ^ a b c "Bolivarian Games: Soccer Tournament". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  34. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1939". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  35. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1941". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  36. ^ "Copa Roque Sáenz Peña". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Peru International Results". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  38. ^ Template:Es icon"José Sorano, el caballero del deporte". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  39. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1949". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  40. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1955". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  41. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1957". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  42. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1959". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  43. ^ "The silence of the Bombonera". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  44. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1970". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  45. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1975". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  46. ^ a b c "World Cup 1978 Finals". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  47. ^ "World Cup 1978 – Hosts Argentina". Soccernet.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  48. ^ "Mundialito 1980 (Montevideo, Uruguay)". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  49. ^ a b "World Cup 1982 Finals". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  50. ^ Template:Es icon"Trágicos accidentes se han llevado dos planteles de fútbol en el Perú: el de Alianza Lima y el de Juan Aurich de Chiclayo". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  51. ^ "World Cup 1998 qualifications". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  52. ^ "Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  53. ^ "Marlboro Cups (USA) 1987–1990". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  54. ^ "USA Cup 1997". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  55. ^ "Kirin Cup 2005". FutbolPlanet.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  56. ^ Template:Es icon"La Copa de Oro". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  57. ^ Template:Es icon"2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup". Terra.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  58. ^ "Copa America 1999". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  59. ^ Template:Es icon"Jaime Bayly: Pizarro hizo una fiesta en su casa después del Perú-Paraguay". Rpp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  60. ^ Template:Es icon"Magaly no se presentó al juzgado por la demanda de Paolo Guerrero". Rpp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  61. ^ Template:Es icon"Prensa llena de elogios a peruanos Claudio Pizarro, Jefferson Farfán y Juan Vargas". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  62. ^ "Suspension of the Peruvian Football Association". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  63. ^ Template:Es icon"Woodman: "La FPF es la única responsable de la pérdida del Sudamericano"". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  64. ^ Template:Es icon"La FIFA Levanta La Sancion al Futbol Peruano". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  65. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú cae ante Chile en Lima y confirma por qué es último en Sudamérica". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  66. ^ Template:Es icon"José "Chemo" del Solar bate un récord con Perú". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  67. ^ Template:Es icon"Prensa concuerda que Perú es el peor equipo de la historia". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  68. ^ Template:Es icon"Selección peruana le dice adiós a Nolberto Solano y Roberto Palacios". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  69. ^ Template:Es icon"Juan Vargas y una promesa al hincha: "Esperamos no defraudarlos más"". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  70. ^ "FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  71. ^ Template:Es icon"Héctor Chumpitaz propone a Gustavo Costas o Luis Fernando Suárez para dirigir a Perú". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  72. ^ Template:Es icon"Markarian, nuevo técnico de Perú". Espndeportes.espn.go.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  73. ^ http://peru.com/futbol/4059/noticia-pele-peru-tiene-chances-ir-al-mundial
  74. ^ "Peru (PER)". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  75. ^ "101 Facts" (PDF). FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  76. ^ Template:Es icon"Grandes Broncas del Futbol Peruano". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  77. ^ Template:Es icon"El día que Perú enmudeció a la Bombonera". Fifa.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  78. ^ Template:Es icon"Mundial de Fútbol 1970 México – Primera Ronda". Infofutbolonline.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  79. ^ Template:Es icon"Teófilo Cubillas y Héctor Chumpitaz en el equipo ideal de Sudamérica según revista deportiva". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  80. ^ Template:Es icon"Cubillas: "Un trampolín para jugadores"". News.bbc.com. 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  81. ^ "Travellers Tales – Cusco, Perú". Planetworldcup.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  82. ^ "Peru – Scotland". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  83. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú-Escocia (1978)". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  84. ^ Template:Es icon"Dic 2007 El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  85. ^ "Peru – Iran". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  86. ^ "Netherlands – Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  87. ^ Template:Es icon"El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  88. ^ "Poland – Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  89. ^ Template:Es icon"Historiales/Goleadores de la Copa América desde 1916 a 2004". Conmebol.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  90. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú y su primera Copa América". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  91. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Copa América 1975: Peru campeon!". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  92. ^ "Football Stadiums of South America". fussballtempel.net. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  93. ^ Goldblatt
  94. ^ Template:Es icon"Estadio Nacional Cumple 54 Años de Vida". ipd.gov.pe. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  95. ^ Template:Es icon"Cuatro Estadios Peruanos con Certificacion FIFA". elregionalpiura.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  96. ^ "FIFA inspects new artificial turf at Peru's El Nacional stadium". journalperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  97. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Vuelven las quejas por el sintético del Nacional". Peru.com. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  98. ^ Template:Es icon"El IPD quiere reinaugurar el estadio Nacional con partido amistoso ante España". Peru.com. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  99. ^ Template:Es icon"Sporting Cristal inicia el torneo en el horno de Iquitos". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  100. ^ Template:Es icon"Conmebol confirma Estadio Nacional". elcomercio.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  101. ^ "National Teams – Team Colors". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  102. ^ "Best World Cup jerseys of all time". Soccernet.espn.go.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  103. ^ "Selección estrenará camiseta en amistoso". Peru.com. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  104. ^ a b "Top 10 international rivalries". Edition.cnn.com. 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  105. ^ http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/conoce-los-23-jugadores-de-peru-que-iran-la-copa-america-2011-06-29. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  106. ^ http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/country.php?id=145&year=2011
  107. ^ "Peru – Record International Players". RSSSF. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  108. ^ http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/peru-gano-1-0-senegal-en-amistoso-2011-06-28
  109. ^ "1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  110. ^ "1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  111. ^ "1978 FIFA World Cup Argentina". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  112. ^ "1982 FIFA World Cup Spain". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  113. ^ "Peruvian football federation". conmebol.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  114. ^ "Peru v Caribbean teams". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
    "Peru v Asian teams 1967–2005". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
    "Peru v African teams 1970–1982". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
    "Peru v Central American teams". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
  115. ^ Template:Es icon"La Lista #5 (Especial del Mundial), México 1970". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
  116. ^ a b "Peru – Record International Players". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  117. ^ Gol de “Cachito” es el tercer tanto más rápido de la blanquirroja | LÍBERO WEB
  118. ^ Template:Es icon"El Numero Diez, Peruanos en Resto del Mundo". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  119. ^ http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/despedida-con-triunfo-peru-vencio-1-0-senegal-2011-06-28

References

External links

Achievements
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Bolivarian Champions
1938 (First title)
1947–48 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1939 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1961 (Third title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1973 (Fourth title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1975 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1981 (Fifth title) 		Succeeded by
U-20 Tournaments
Preceded by
1998 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
1999 (First title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2000 Slovakia 
Preceded by
2004 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2005 (Second title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2006 Scotland 
Preceded by
2009 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2011 (Third title, shared) 		Succeeded by
Current holders

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru_national_football_team&oldid=441062803

Leave a Reply