Cannabis Ruderalis

thcscience_admin

Peru
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)La Blanquirroja
La Rojiblanca
AssociationFederación Peruana
de Fútbol
ConfederationCONMEBOL (South America)
Head coachJosé del Solar
CaptainClaudio Pizarro
Most capsRoberto Palacios (122)
Top scorerTeófilo Cubillas (26)[1]
Home stadiumEstadio Nacional
FIFA codePER
First colours
Second colours
FIFA ranking
Current89
Highest10 (September 1997)
Lowest89 (June, August 2009)
First international
Peru Peru 0 – 4 Uruguay 
(Lima, Peru; November 1, 1927)
Biggest win
Peru Peru 9 – 1 Ecuador 
(Bogotá, Colombia; August 11, 1938)
Biggest defeat
 Brazil 7 – 0 Peru Peru
(Santa Cruz, Bolivia; June 26, 1997)
World Cup
Appearances4 (first in 1930)
Best resultQuarterfinals, 1970
Copa América
Appearances34 (first in 1927)
Best resultWinners, 1939 and 1975

The Peru national football team represents Peru in international football competition and is managed by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). The team competes against the other nine members of FIFA's CONMEBOL conference, which encompasses the countries of South America. The traditional colors of the team are white and red, the colors of the Peruvian flag, and the team is commonly known as la Blanquirroja (Spanish for "the white-and-red").[2]

Founded in 1927, the team plays its home matches primarily at the Estadio Nacional in Lima. Peru has won the Copa América on two occasions, and qualified for four FIFA World Cups and two Olympic tournaments; it has gone as far as the quarterfinal stage in both tournaments. Peru's traditional footballing rival is Chile,[3] but the team also has a prominent rivalry with neighboring Ecuador.[4]

The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent. The side's early years saw World Cup participations and victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América. Its 1950s side, which included Alberto Terry and Valeriano López, was considered to be among the top 20 strongest footballing nations of the decade, despite not winning any major tournaments.[5] The golden generation of Peruvian football in the 1970s brought Peru back into the world view, with players such as Héctor Chumpitaz, Hugo Sotil, and Teófilo Cubillas leading to the belief that a new footballing powerhouse had emerged.[6][7] This team qualified Peru for three FIFA World Cups, and won the Copa América in 1975.

Peru's 1982 World Cup participation was its last to date: the national team has not seen a major tournament victory or World Cup participation in over 27 years. The team was temporarily suspended from international participation by FIFA in late 2008 due to allegations of corruption between government sport authorities and the FPF. Peru was the first CONMEBOL team to be knocked out of the 2010 World Cup qualifiers.

History

Main article: History of the Peru national football team

Beginnings

Football was brought to Peru by English sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent visits to the port of Callao, which was then an important port of the Pacific Ocean.[8] During their free time, the English sailors played football and invited the local Chalacos (people from Callao) to participate. Allegedly, it was during these early games that the creation of the popular move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick, took place.[9] Football in Peru grew thanks to its practice by British residents of Peru and its adoption by Peruvians returning from England.[10]

Soon, the sports rivalry that evolved between the foreign visitors and the local Chalacos began to gain the attention of Peruvians outside the port.[10] Although at first the sport was played outside of formal organization such as sport clubs or leagues, clubs were founded in the early 20th century in order to continue the sport's practice.[11][12] In the 1900s, due to the construction of the Panama Canal, the port of Callao was no longer flooded with the several foreign sailors and travelers that had at one point made the port a center of cultural diffusion.[13] By then, football clubs and leagues had sprouted in other Peruvian cities, including Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa.[14] However, the most important amateur league (the Peruvian Football League) remained in the capital province, where rivalries arose between the Callao clubs, and those from the nearby capital of Lima.[15] The lack of a centralized organization often led to conflicts between the teams, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the Peruvian Football Federation in 1922, along with a new Peruvian Football League tournament under the regulation of said organization in 1926.[16]

The Peruvian Football Federation had joined CONMEBOL in 1925, but internal and economic problems prevented the creation of a national team that would officially represent the country internationally.[17] An unofficial national team was created in 1922, and it played against an Uruguayan team sponsored by the Uruguayan Football Association.[17] Subsequent years saw the appearance of several talented Peruvian football players, and international interest in their skills inspired a series of international tours across South America, to places such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile.[18]

In 1927, the Peruvian national football team was officially created.[17] The team hosted the 1927 South American Championship, and Peru reached third place after losing to Uruguay by 4–0 in their debut match, defeating Bolivia 3–2, and losing to Argentina 1–5.[19] Nevertheless, internal corruption and the commotion surrounding the Great Depression led the team that played in the 1929 edition to be selected by social favoritism rather than player skill.[20] A year later, la Blanquirroja was invited to participate in a new intercontinental competition, to be held in Uruguay: the first World Cup.[21]

1930s golden generation

See also: Peru at the Olympics
File:PeruOlympics1936.png
1936 Berlin Summer Olympics team. Front: Adelfo Magallanes, Jorge Alcalde, Teodoro Fernández, José Morales, and Alejandro Villanueva. Back: Carlos Tovar, José María Lavalle, Juan Valdivieso, Arturo Fernández, Segundo Castillo, and Orestes Jordán.

At the inaugural 1930 FIFA World Cup, the Peruvian team failed to progress beyond the group stages; despite this performance, the Uruguayan audience was surprised by the level of skill demonstrated by the Peruvians.[22] Between 1933 and 1934, the national squad (composed mainly of players from Universitario de Deportes, Alianza Lima, and Atletico Chalaco) united with the Chilean squad (formed mainly by players from Colo Colo) to form the Combinado del Pacifico (known by the European press as the "Peru-Chile XI" and "All-Pacific," among other names),[23] which toured the European countries of England, Germany, France, and Spain until August 1935. Teodoro Fernandez became the team's top goal scorer with 48 goals in 39 games.[24]

Peru began the 1936 Berlin Olympics well, defeating Finland 7–3. Players for Peru included Teodoro Fernández, Alejandro Villanueva, Juan Valdivieso, and Adelfo Magallanes.[25] The Peruvians went on to upset Austria, who were favorites to win the tournament, by defeating them 4–2 after extra time. However, the International Olympic Committee controversially nullified the result and ordered a re-match, which drove the Peruvian and Colombian delegations to forfeit the games in protest.[26][27]

In 1938, Peru won its first international title at the first Bolivarian Games, defeating Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.[28] In 1939, la Blanquirroja won Peru's first South American Championship (known later as the Copa América), a tournament remembered for the conspicuous absence of football powerhouses Brazil and Argentina. The Peruvians defeated the Uruguayan team by a close score of 2–1 in the final,[29] after eliminating Ecuador, Chile, and Paraguay. Peru became the fourth nation to become South American champions, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.

Good games, few titles

By 1941, la Blanquirroja's star-studded squad was beginning to show its age.[30] In the same year, Peru and Argentina played a three-game series for the Copa Roque Saenz Peña in Lima, and a struggling Peru managed to draw twice before finally losing the third match 3–0.[31] The national squad's diminishing effectiveness was most apparent during the South American Championships of the 1940s,[32] and Peru would not win another international title until 1947, when the side won the Bolivarian Games.[28] Three years later, at the South American Championship held in Brazil, Peru gained third place after defeating Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay.[33]

By the 1950s, Peru had once again become a major protagonist in South American football, ranking among the top 20 strongest football nations of the decade.[5] In the Pan-American Championship of 1952 the Peruvians defeated Panama and Mexico, tied with Brazil, and lost to Chile and Uruguay in close matches.[32] Players such as Alberto Terry, Guillermo Barbadillo, Valeriano López, Félix Castillo, and Óscar Gómez Sánchez contributed to Peru's competitive play throughout the 1950s. During 1953 and 1954, Peru achieved its only two titles of the decade, twice winning the Copa del Pacífico (Pacific Cup), a trophy disputed between Chile and Peru every time the two sides play.[32] In the 1955 South American Championship, the national squad's campaign took them to a third place finish.[34] Nonetheless, the team fared poorly at the Pan-American Championship held in Mexico, and the South American Championship in Montevideo.[32] The team made a slight recovery as the decade closed, reaching fourth place at the 1957 and 1959 South American Championships, and defeating England 4–1 in an exhibition match.[32][35][36]

During the 1960s, Peru showed signs of improvement, winning the Bolivarian Games in Barranquilla and qualifying for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[28] However, these would be the only achievements of the decade, as Peru failed to place in the top four spots of the 1963 South American Championship, did not qualify for the Chile and England World Cups, and was unable to regain the Copa del Pacífico.

1970s golden generation

File:PeruTeam1970.png
1970 World Cup squad. Top: Pedro Gonzales, Ramon Mifflin, Héctor Chumpitaz, Luis Rubiños, Nicolás Fuentes, Orlando de la Torre. Bottom: Julio Baylon, Roberto Challe, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, Alberto Gallardo.

The story of the 1970s golden generation started in late 1969, when la Blanquirroja qualified for the Mexico 1970 World Cup. Thanks to the goals of "Cachito" Ramírez, the squad tied Argentina at a game popularly known as "La Bombonera" (in reference to the Estadio Alberto J. Armando where the game was played).[37] The squad, managed by "Didi" Pereira, followed a 4-2-4 formation that typically comprised José Fernández, Orlando de la Torre, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Nicolás Fuentes as the defenders; Ramón Mifflin and Roberto Challe as the midfielders; Julio Baylón, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, and Alberto Gallardo as the forwards; and Luis Rubiños as the goalkeeper.[38]

The participation of Peru in the 1970 FIFA World Cup was particularly memorable when the squad caused surprise as they advanced into the quarterfinals by defeating Bulgaria 3–2 and Morocco 3–0, and despite losing 3–1 to Germany.[7][32] Although Peru lost the quarterfinal game to Brazil by 4–2, la Blanquirroja would go on to win the Copa del Pacífico, were invited to participate in the Brazil Independence Cup, and won the Copa Mariscal Sucre.[32] Additionally, the squad won their second Copa America in 1975.[39]

In 1978, la Blanquirroja once again qualified for a World Cup. The squad, led by Marcos Calderón, had a different (4-4-2) formation from the early 70s structure. Jaime Duarte, Héctor Chumpitaz, Rubén Díaz, and Germán Leguía were on the defense; César Cueto, Percy Rojas, Teófilo Cubillas, and José Velásquez on the midfield; Juan José Muñante, Juan Carlos Oblitas, Guillermo La Rosa, and Hugo Sotil on the attack; and Ramón Quiroga as the goalkeeper.[40]

Prior to the World Cup, the national squad defeated varied opponents such as China and Hungary.[32] Once into the World Cup finals, Peru reached the top of their group after defeating Scotland (3–1), tying with the Netherlands (0–0), and defeating Iran (4–1).[40] However, in the second round, Peru ended last in the group after losing to Brazil (0–3), Poland (0–1), and to Argentina (0–6) in a controversial match that some claim was bought by Argentina's military junta.[40][41] After the tournament, the squad played some international friendlies to prepare for the Copa America of 1979; they would tie Scotland at Glasgow (1–1) and defeat Uruguay in Lima (2–0). Nonetheless, by the time this new tournament started, Peru was eliminated by Chile. This great era in Peruvian football ended with a 1–0 loss against Mexico at Monterrey.[32]

From glory to decline

The national team occasionally shone in the 1980s. La Blanquirroja successfully qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the expense of Colombia and Uruguay, the recent Mundialito winners.[42] Under the direction of Tim, the Peruvians won the Pacific Cup and led a European and African tour in which la Blanquirroja defeated Hungary (2–1), France (1–0), tied Algeria (1–1), and upon their return defeated Romania (2–0).[32] Tim's squad was composed of a 4-4-2 formation with Jaime Duarte, Ruben Díaz, Salvador Salguero, and Jorge Olaechea in defense; César Cueto, José Velásquez, Julio César Uribe, and Teófilo Cubillas in midfield; Gerónimo Barbadillo and Juan Carlos Oblitas as forwards; and Ramón Quiroga as goalkeeper.[43]

Once in the World Cup of Spain, the team did not perform well as they tied with Cameroon and Italy, and lost 5–1 against Poland.[43] Afterwards, Peru faced a string of bad results, but nearly qualified to the 1986 FIFA World Cup.[32] The Peruvians needed a victory against Argentina in order to directly qualify to the World Cup, but Diego Maradona pulled off a tie that led Peru to seek qualification through a play-off game against Chile. A loss against Chile put an end to Peruvian aspirations for this tournament.

The 1987 Alianza Lima air disaster further crushed hopes for the team as a series of good players ready to play for Peru and the national team's coach Marcos Calderón (among others) died.[44] The situation of Peru would not improve from that point as a series of ties and defeats came one after the other.[32] Nevertheless, in the late 1990s Peru reached fourth place at the 1997 Copa America and nearly qualified to the 1998 World Cup: they lost the chance to appear in the tournament only due to their goal difference with Chile.[45] Later, in 1999, the team won the Kirin Cup and reached the quarterfinals of the Copa America.[46] Players like Nolberto Solano, Andrés Mendoza, Flavio Maestri, Roberto Palacios, Claudio Pizarro, and José del Solar made a positive difference to the team's performance.[46]

21st Century

2007 Copa America team prior to the quarterfinals match against Argentina.

The 21st century began with the same Peruvian squad of the late 90s. In 2000, Peru was invited to compete in the CONCACAF Gold Cup, where the team reached the semifinals of the North American competition.[47] Peruvian football showed signs of improvement as time went on. Peruvian league teams had good performances in international competition, including Cienciano's 2003–04 conquest of the Copa Sudamericana and the Recopa Sudamericana.[48] Peru won another Kirin Cup in 2005, but was unable to get past the quarterfinal stage of three consecutive Copa Americas in 2001, 2004, and 2007.[32] The team did not qualify for the 2002 or 2006 editions of the FIFA World Cup.

In 2007, Peru's U-17 squad surprised the nation by qualifying for and reaching the quarterfinals of the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. In contrast to this success, 2008 saw the main team at the bottom of the CONMEBOL qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup. A corruption and indiscipline scandal shook the national team as Peruvian journalists Jaime Bayly and Magaly Medina revealed that a series of Peru's most recognized players, including Claudio Pizarro, Andrés Mendoza, Santiago Acasiete, Paolo Guerrero and Jefferson Farfan, were seen at nightclubs and parties only days before the team was scheduled to play qualifier matches. Several players were banned from playing for the national team while others were put under investigation.[49][50]

In a further blow to the team's reputation, in November 2008, FIFA suspended several Peruvian Football Federation authorities, as well as several Peruvian Football League authorities and referees; additionally, the national team was barred from participating in international competition, under allegations of irregularities between the FPF, the Peruvian Institute of Sports (IPD), and the Peruvian government.[51] The president of the IPD, Arturo Woodman, and the Peruvian government had made re-election of FPF President Manuel Burga illegal under allegations of corruption. With FIFA's approval, the FPF later reappointed Burga.[52] After the FPF and IPD agreed to discuss the matter and reach an agreement, FIFA President Sepp Blatter lifted the bans and restrictions.[53]

As a result of the controversy, Peru was stripped of its opportunity to host the 2009 South American Youth Championship; the tournament was held in Venezuela instead. Peru's hopes of qualifying for the 2010 World Cup were dashed early on, as the team was the first CONMEBOL squad to be eliminated from the finals. The Peruvian sports press dubbed the current squad "Los Hijos de Burga" (the "Sons of Burga"), in reference to the FPF's president, who was widely blamed for Peru's terrible qualifying campaign. The press went on to name the squad the worst in the national team's 82-year history, amidst calls for Burga's resignation.[54][55][56]

World Cup record

Main article: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
File:Monumental Sur Camiseta.JPG
The southern stand of the Estadio Monumental raise a jersey-shaped banner before Peru plays Brazil in a 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifier.

Peru has played at four FIFA World Cup finals, the first in 1930 and the last in 1982.[57] In the 1930 la Blanquirroja lost both of its matches. During the match against Romania, Peru's Placido Galindo became the first player to be sent off during a World Cup.[58] In 1970, the team led by "Didi" Pereira beat Bulgaria 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at half-time,[59] beat Morocco 3–0, lost to Germany 1–3, and were finally eliminated by Brazil 4–2 in the quarterfinal match.[60][61]

Peru qualified for the 1978 cup held in Argentina, where they beat Scotland 3–1[62][63] and infamously lost to Argentina in a game that is claimed to have been set-up by the military junta that governed Argentina during those times.[64] Peru qualified in first place from its group after also drawing with the Netherlands at 0–0 and beating Iran 4–1.[65][66] By the time the Spain 1982 World Cup came, the Peruvian squad made a successful practice tour in Europe and Africa,[32] but ties with Cameroon and Italy and defeat by Poland (5–1) saw them leave the tournament early.[67]

Year Result Matches Wins Draws Losses GF[32] GA[32]
1930 Round 1 2 0 0 2 1 4
1934 Withdrew
1938 Did not qualify
1950–1954 Withdrew
1958–1966 Did not qualify
1970 Quarterfinals 4 2 0 2 9 9
1974 Did not qualify
1978 Round 2 6 2 1 3 7 12
1982 Round 1 3 0 2 1 2 6
1986–2010 Did not qualify
Totals 15 4 3 8 19 31

Template:Peru FIFA World Cup Squads

Copa América record

Main article: Peru at the Copa América
La Blanquirroja in the Copa América Venezuela 2007.

After joining CONMEBOL in 1925, Peru has hosted the Copa América six times and won it twice. Peru has had two top goalscorers for the tournament, Teodoro Fernández (7 goals, 1939) and Eduardo Malasquez (3 goals, 1983).[68] The 1927 tournament was the first hosted by Peru, followed by the 1935, 1939, 1957 and the 2004 tournaments.

In 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa América title by defeating Ecuador 5–2, Chile 3–1, and Paraguay 3–0 in order to reach the final. With skilled players like Teodoro Fernández and Jorge Alcalde, Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by the close score of 2–1.[69] With this result, Peru became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil, to win the Copa América.

In 1975, the Peruvians won the first Copa América held without a fixed venue by defeating Chile and Bolivia in the group stages, Brazil at the Mineirão by a score of 3–1 with the goals of Enrique Casaretto and Teófilo Cubillas in the semifinals, and, after being randomly chosen in a CONMEBOL-sponsored lottery (which was ordered after Brazil defeated Peru in Lima by a score of 0–2, thus equalizing in the amount of points) between it and Brazil,[70] defeated Colombia in two out of three games played for the final. La Blanquirroja lost the first leg of the final played at Colombia, but won the second match at Lima and a final third match at Caracas thanks to the goals of Juan Carlos Oblitas, Oswaldo Ramírez, and Hugo Sotil.[70]

Aside from these two victories, Peru's best place in the tournament have been four third places, two in 1927 and 1935 in Peru, one in 1949 in Brazil, and the last in 1955 in Chile. When the tournaments once again began to be hosted by individual countries, Peru's best place was in 1997 when they gained fourth place after losing to Mexico for the third place match. In 2004, Peru once again hosted the tournament, but did not manage to get beyond the quarterfinals. This same story repeated itself in 2007, and the team looks forward to the 2011 tournament to be held in Argentina.

Copa America/South American Championship
Total: 2 Titles
Year Position Year Position Year Position
1916-1926 Absent 1949 Third Place 1987 Round 1
1927 Third Place 1953 Fifth Place 1989 Round 1
1929 Fourth Place 1955 Third Place 1991 Round 1
1935 Third Place 1956 Sixth Place 1993 Quarterfinals
1937 Sixth place 1957 Fourth Place 1995 Round 1
1939 Winners 1959 Fourth Place 1997 Fourth Place
1941 Fourth Place 1963 Fifth place 1999 Quarterfinals
1942 Fifth place 1967 Withdrew 2001 Quarterfinals
1945 Withdrew 1975 Winners 2004 Quarterfinals
1946 Withdrew 1979 Semifinals 2007 Quarterfinals
1947 Fifth Place 1983 Semifinals 2011 TBP

Template:Peru Copa América Champion Squads

Stadium

Main article: Estadio Nacional (Lima)
File:Nacional Lima Oriente 2.JPG
The Estadio Nacional, the traditional home stadium of Peru.

The Estadio Nacional (National Stadium), also known as the Coloso de José Díaz, is a 45,574-spectator stadium located in Lima that acts as the traditional home of the Peruvian team and the National Stadium of Peru.[71] The stadium opened on July 18, 1897, as the Estadio Guadalupe. The Peruvian Football League (which later became the Peruvian Football Federation) used it for the first official football tournaments, which were held in Lima. In 1921, as part of President Augusto B. Leguía's embellecimiento (beautification) program, the stadium was renovated and renamed the Estadio Nacional de Peru.[72] Later, during the regime of General Manuel Odría, the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.[73]

In preparation for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, artificial turf was installed as a means of improving the stadium's aesthetic appeal; the surface was left in place after the tournament. By 2005, Peru was home to four of the world's eight "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial pitches) stadiums.[74] Despite being one of the Star II-certified stadiums,[75] the surface has received heavy criticisms from Peruvian First Division clubs, due to player injuries for which it is allegedly responsible.[76]

The national team occasionally selects other stadiums as its home venue. The thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco and the balmy Amazonic climate of the Estadio Max Augustín in Iquitos provide strategic advantages against certain rivals.[77] Other stadiums in Lima are sometimes used to bring the team closer to certain communities in the city, such as Alianza Lima's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva.[78] In recent times, Universitario's Estadio Monumental "U" is most often selected for home matches due to controversy over the National Stadium's playing surface.[76]

Uniform

Peru's national colors are red and white.[79] The team's first uniform was made for the 1927 South American Championship, and it consisted of white shorts and a shirt with vertical stripes. The second uniform was made for the 1930 FIFA World Cup held in Uruguay, and was an all-white kit with a red collar. The third uniform was made for the 1935 South American Championship, with the only difference from its prior kit being a horizontal red stripe. Peru's current uniform was made for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics, and it consists of a red stripe that crosses the chest diagonally from the left shoulder to the hip's right.[2]

  • Peru's first uniform (1927)
    Peru's first uniform (1927)
  • Peru's second uniform (1930)
    Peru's second uniform (1930)
  • Peru's third uniform (1935)
    Peru's third uniform (1935)
  • Peru's fourth uniform (1936–Present)
    Peru's fourth uniform (1936–Present)

Rivalries

See also: Chile and Peru football rivalry

The Peruvian team has major regional rivalries with Chile and Ecuador. Territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have led to a large football rivalry between Chile and Peru since the ending of the War of the Pacific. Both nations dispute the origin of the football move known as the bicycle kick, which Chileans claim they invented in 1914 while Peruvians claim it was invented in Peru during the late 19th century.[9][80] Their games, considered by CNN (Cable News Network) to be among the top ten rivalries in the world,[80] have gained the nickname of Clásico del Pacífico, meaning the "Derby of the Pacific," and a trophy named the Copa del Pacífico (Cup of the Pacific) is awarded whenever both national teams play.[3][32] Peru's rivalry with Ecuador, derived from various historical border conflicts between the two countries, has led to highly competitive games nicknamed "The Pride Match." However, the rivalry tends to be greater from the Ecuadorian side.[4]

Players

For a list of additional players of the current World Cup squad see Peru WQ10 Additional Squad

Current squad

Head coach: Peru Jose "Chemo" del Solar.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1 1GK Raúl Fernández January 31, 1986 3 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
21 1GK Leao Butrón February 9, 1976 11 0 Peru Universidad San Martín de Porres
2 2DF Alberto Rodríguez September 23 1984 13 0 Portugal Sporting Clube de Braga
4 2DF Walter Vílchez May 30, 1982 16 0 Mexico Puebla F.C.
5 2DF Carlos Zambrano July 10, 1989 9 0 Germany FC Schalke 04
13 2DF Amilton Prado March 20 1980 9 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
20 2DF Christian Ramos November 4 1988 3 0 Peru Universidad San Martín de Porres
6 2DF Juan Manuel Vargas October 21, 1982 16 2 Italy ACF Fiorentina
16 3MF Paolo de la Haza May 20 1983 9 0 Israel Beitar Jerusalem F.C.
8 3MF Rainer Torres September 21 1984 11 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
10 3MF Roberto Palacios Dec 28, 1972 1 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
3MF Henry Quinteros October 19, 1977 0 Peru Alianza Lima
18 3MF Josepmir Ballón March 21, 1989 4 1 Peru Universidad San Martín de Porres
19 3MF Joel Sánchez June 11, 1989 0 0 Peru Total Chalaco
3MF Luis Trujillo Dec 27, 1990 0 Peru Alianza Lima
7 3MF Nolberto Solano December 12 1974 11 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
6 2DF Juan Manuel Vargas October 21, 1982 16 2 Italy ACF Fiorentina
9 4FW Paolo Guerrero January 1, 1984 12 2 Germany Hamburg
14 4FW Juan Carlos La Rosa March 2, 1980 6 0 Peru Alianza Lima
15 4FW Hernán Rengifo April 18, 1983 6 0 Poland Lech Poznań
17 4FW Johan Fano August 9, 1978 7 2 Colombia Once Caldas
17 4FW Daniel Chávez January 8, 1988 4 0 Belgium Club Brugge K.V.
4FW Irvin Ávila July 2, 1990 0 0 Peru Sport Huancayo

World Cup 2010 Qualification additional squad

The following players have been called up to the World Cup Qualification's Peruvian squad:

Goalkeepers
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Diego Penny April 22, 1984 England Burnley F.C. 6 (0) v. Ecuador, Nov 11, 2007
Defenders
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Carlos Fernández May 14 1983 Peru Alianza Lima 10 (0) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Orlando Contreras* March 6 1982 Peru Universidad San Martín 1 (-) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Guillermo Salas October 21 1974 Peru Universidad San Martín 10 (0) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Roberto Guizasola August 21 1984 Peru Cienciano 1 (-) v. Bolivia, October 11, 2008
Ernesto Arakaki June 13 1979 Peru Alianza Lima 1 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Martín Hidalgo June 15 1976 Venezuela Deportivo Táchira 17 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Miguel Villalta June 16 1981 Peru Sporting Cristal 4 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Santiago Acasiete November 22, 1977 Spain UD Almería - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Carlos Solís October 22 1981 Peru Alianza Lima - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
John Galliquio December 1, 1979 Peru Universitario de Deportes - (-) v. Chile, October 17, 2007
Midfielders
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Nolberto Solano December 12 1974 Peru Universitario de Deportes 45 (6) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Pedro García March 14, 1974 Peru Universidad San Martín 15 (1) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Miguel Angel Torres January 17 1982 Peru Universitario de Deportes - (-) v. Chile, March 29, 2009
Juan Carlos Mariño January 2 1988 Colombia Atlético Nacional 4 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Henry Quinteros October 19 1977 Peru Alianza Lima 15 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Daniel Sánchez May 2 1990 Peru Sporting Cristal 2 (-) v. Venezuela, September 6, 2008
Rinaldo Cruzado September 21, 1984 Iran Esteghlal F.C. 1 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Miguel Cevasco December 27 1982 Israel Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona F.C. 1 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Juan Cominges October 1 1983 Saudi Arabia Al-Qadisiya Al Khubar 8 (-) v. Colombia, June 14, 2008
Donny Neyra January 12 1984 Peru Universitario de Deportes 1 (-) v. Colombia, June 14, 2008
Carlos Lobatón February 6, 1980 Peru Sporting Cristal - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Juan Carlos Bazalar February 23, 1968 Peru Cienciano - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Juan José Jayo January 20 1973 Peru Alianza Lima - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Julio García* June 16 1981 Cyprus Enosis Neon Paralimni FC - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Mario Gómez* May 20 1981 Peru Juan Aurich - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Miguel Mostto January 11, 1977 Peru Total Chalaco - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Roberto Palacios December 28, 1972 Peru Sporting Cristal - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
William Chiroque March 10, 1980 Peru Cienciano - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Strikers
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Daniel Chavez January 8 1988 Belgium FC Brugge 7 (1) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Piero Alva February 14 1979 Peru Universitario de Deportes 8 (2) v. Brazil, April 1, 2009
Wilmer Aguirre October 5 1983 Peru Alianza Lima 1 (-) v. Bolivia, October 11, 2008
Andrés Mendoza April 26, 1978 Turkey Diyarbakırspor - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Claudio Pizarro October 3 1978 England Chelsea F.C. - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Jefferson Farfán October 28 1984 Germany Schalke 04 - (-) v. Ecuador, November 21, 2007
Flavio Maestri January 21, 1973 Peru Sporting Cristal 21 (3) v. Chile, October 17, 2007

*Profiles in Spanish


Notable players

Main article: List of Peru international footballers
Ramón Quiroga, Peru's goalkeeper from 1977-1985

According to CONMEBOL, Peruvian teams are often said to play with much technique and elegance, generally making them one of the finest exponents of South American football.[81] Among the notable players of the team are center forwards Teodoro Fernández, Valeriano López, and Pedro Pablo León;[81][82] second strikers like Alejandro Villanueva, Jorge Alcalde, and Hugo Sotil;[81][82][83] wingers like Juan Carlos Oblitas, Juan Joya and Juan Seminario, among others.[84][85][86] Recently, strikers such as Jefferson Farfán and Paolo Guerrero have attained international fame.[82] Peru has also had a series of creative and effective midfielders such as Alberto Terry, Teófilo Cubillas, César Cueto, Roberto Challe, Julio César Uribe, and Nolberto Solano.[81][82][87][88] In the defense, the Blanquirroja has had players such as Héctor Chumpitaz, Julio Meléndez, and current star Juan Manuel Vargas.[81][89][90] In terms of historic goalkeepers, popular figures are Juan Valdivieso, José Soriano, and Ramón Quiroga.[82][91][92]

Managers

Main article: List of managers of the Peru national football team

Peru's first coach, Pedro Olivieri, was assigned for the 1927 South American Championship. Jack Greenwell did not lose a single game with Peru and led it to its first titles in the Bolivarian Games (1938) and Copa América (1939).[32][93] Marcos Calderón won Peru's second Copa América in 1975 and took Peru to the second round of the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Franciso Bru coached the team for the 1930 FIFA World Cup and Elba de Pádua Lima in the 1982 competition, and both campaigns ended in the first round. Valdir Pereira led the team to the quarterfinals in the 1970 FIFA World Cup. José Macia holds Peru's worst victory record, winning only two out of forty-three matches. Francisco Maturana and Freddy Ternero led the team to its 1999 and 2005 Kirin Cup titles, respectively. Peru's current manager, José del Solar, has one of the worst victory records with the team, and failed to qualify it to the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Current manager

Name Peru career Played Won Drawn Lost Win % # Titles
Peru José del Solar 2007–present 22 3 6 13 14 0

Records

Main article: Peru national football team records
Nolberto Solano, former captain and third top scorer.

Roberto Palacios holds Peru's records for most appearances with the national team, having played 122 times between 1992 and 2007. Héctor Chumpitaz, with 105 appearances, and Jorge Soto, with 101 appearances, follow in second and third respectively. For goalkeepers, Oscar Ibañez holds the most appearances with 50 caps, followed by Miguel Miranda (47 caps) and Ramón Quiroga (40 caps).[94] Teófilo Cubillas holds the team's record of top goalscorer with 26 goals in 81 appearances. Teodoro Fernández is in second, but holds a better goal per appearance average with 24 goals in 32 appearances. In third place is Nolberto Solano, who has 20 goals in 89 appearances.[94]

Hugo Sotil, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Teófilo Cubillas were selected from the Peruvian football team to be part of the starting line-up of the South America football team that played against the Europe XI in 1973 at the Nou Camp of FC Barcelona. Sotil scored South America's second goal, and Chumpitaz scored the tying goal (4–4); South America beat Europe 7–6 in the penalty rounds.[95]

The largest margin of victory achieved by Peru is a 9–1 score against Ecuador in the inaugural Bolivarian Games. The team's record defeat took place in the 1997 Copa América, when Brazil defeated Peru by a score of 7–0.[32] Peru is the first team that received a FIFA Fair Play Trophy. The Peruvians received the award in the 1970 FIFA World Cup because they were the only team that received no yellow or red cards in their games.[96]

Other tournaments and records

See also: 1997 U.S. Cup, 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and Kirin Cup
Peru national football team
Medal record
Bolivarian Games
Gold medal – first place 1938 Bogotá NA
Gold medal – first place 1947–48 Lima NA
Bronze medal – third place 1951 Caracas NA
Gold medal – first place 1961 Barranquilla NA
Gold medal – first place 1973 Panama City NA
Bronze medal – third place 1977 La Paz NA
Gold medal – first place 1981 Barquisimeto NA
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Bronze medal – third place 2000 Gold Cup NA
Copa Centenario de Armenia
Bronze medal – third place 1989 Armenia NA
Kirin Cup
Gold medal – first place 1999 Japan NA
Gold medal – first place 2005 Japan NA
Marlboro Cup
Silver medal – second place 1989 New York NA
Men’s Pre-Olympic Football
Silver medal – second place 1960 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1964 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1980 Colombia NA
Nike United States Cup
Bronze medal – third place 1997 U.S. Cup NA

Aside from FIFA or CONMEBOL sponsored tournaments, Peru has been invited to join a variety of tournaments throughout the world. In 1938, the team participated and won at the inaugural Bolivarian Games, and won it four more times before the tournament was officially restricted to players under the age of 20.[97] In 1986, Peru was invited to participate in its first Asian tournament, the Nehru Cup of India. In 1989, Peru gained third place in the Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989, which took place in the city of Armenia, Colombia.[98] That same year Peru won second place in the Marlboro Cup.[99] Eight years later, Peru was invited to join the 1997 U.S. Cup in which they beat the United States 1–0, lost to Denmark 1–2, and tied with Mexico (the eventual champions of the competition) 0–0.[100]

In 2000, the team was invited to join the CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament along with Colombia and South Korea.[101] Positioned in Group B of the tournament, Peru had a bad start when the squad tied 1–1 with Haiti, and lost to the United States 1–0.[101] Surprisingly, this was enough for Peru to advance and face Honduras, which had ended first in their group.[101] Peru won this quarterfinals match with an unexpected 5–3 result.[102] In the semifinals, Peruvian defenders made a series of mistakes, including an own goal, and the only goal of Peru against Colombia came thanks to Roberto Palacios; Colombia defeated Peru 2–1.[103]

In 1999 and 2005, Peru was invited to join an event hosted in Japan known as the Kirin Cup. This event would become the third international tournament, after the Copa America and the Bolivarian Games, in which Peru would emerge victorious. In 1999, la Blanquirroja achieved a shared first place with Belgium after tying 1–1 with them, and 0-0 with Japan.[104] In 2005, Peru gained another shared first place, this time with the United Arab Emirates, after defeating Japan 1–0 and drawing 0-0 with the United Arab Emirates.[105]

Fixtures

Memorable games

See also: Peru national football team results and fixtures
File:Seminario Goal.png
Juan Seminario scores one of his three goals against England in the match Peru won by 4–1.

There have been numerous memorable matches throughout the history of the Blanquirroja. Among the earliest was a match against Austria during the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. In the quarter finals of the tournament, the Peruvians came from behind against the European side, overturning a two-goal deficit at the half to take the game, tied, into extra time. Peru scored twice to win the game 4–2. After the game, the Austrian team alleged that the Peruvian players had manhandled them, and that spectators, one brandishing a revolver, had swarmed down on the field. FIFA ordered the game replayed behind closed doors; upon hearing the news, the Peruvian Olympic team's entire contingent of 50 athletes withdrew from the games in protest. The game was awarded to Austria by default. The story was told differently by European and South American media; to this day, the exact details of what occurred are not known.[25]

Memorable FIFA World Cup qualifying games include the infamous 1–2 loss to Bolivia in 1969, after which match referee Sergio Chechelev admitted to having been paid by Argentina to fix the game in Bolivia's favor.[106] Peru qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in a historic 2–2 match against Argentina.[107]

Although Peru has only had four World Cup appearances, they played in several notable matches. During the group stage of the 1970 World Cup, the national squad overcame Bulgaria by 3–2 after trailing by 0–2.[108] After making it to the quarter finals despite a 3–1 defeat at the hands of West Germany, Peru was knocked out of the tournament by Brazil's four goals to the Blanquirroja's two.

Peru is remembered for knocking Ally MacLeod's Scottish squad out of the group stage of the 1978 FIFA World Cup, with a score of 3–1.[109] Despite an initial good performance, Peru went on to be defeated by Brazil, Poland, and controversially, Argentina. In the last game of the second group stage, in order to go through to the final Argentina had to defeat Peru by at least four goals to surpass Brazil's five points and five goal difference. Trailing by only two goals at the half, the Peruvian team collapsed in the second period, allowing Argentina to win by 6–0. It was rumored that Peru had been paid by the Argentine military government to play poorly in order to concede the goals Argentina needed; fueling the rumors was the fact that the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, was born in Argentina. None of the allegations could be proven, and Argentina went on to win the tournament.[110]

References

  1. ^ "Goalscoring for Peru National Team". José Luis Pierrend. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  2. ^ a b Template:Es icon"La Blanquiroja". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  3. ^ a b "High Alert for Chile-Peru Qualifier". thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  4. ^ a b "The Pride Match". Ecuadorexplorer.com. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  5. ^ a b "World Football Elo Ratings: Peru". Eloratings.net. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  6. ^ "Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  7. ^ a b "The slide of Peruvian football". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  8. ^ Template:Es iconRoel, Virgilio (1986). Historia social y económica del Perú en el siglo XIX. Lima: Librería y Distribuidora "El Alba". p. 124. Retrieved 2009-08-21. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ a b Template:Es icon"¿Chilena o chalaca?... esa es la cuestión". Elperiodicodemexico.com. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
  10. ^ a b Template:Es icon "La difusión del fútbol en Lima". sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  11. ^ Template:Es icon"Lima Cricket & Football Club". clublimacricket.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  12. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  13. ^ "The Panama Canal". xroads.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  14. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia Blanquiazul 1901–1920". Clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Origines de Cienciano". elcienciano.com. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
    Template:Es icon"Inicios de FBC Melgar". fbcmelgaraqp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Historia del Club". Bolognesifc.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  15. ^ "Peru-List of Final Tables". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  16. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia". fpf.org.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  17. ^ a b c Template:Es icon"La Seleccion Peruana de 1924". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  18. ^ Template:Es icon"Historia Blanquiazul: 1921–1960". clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
    Template:Es icon"Teodoro 'Lolo' Fernandez". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
    Template:Es icon "Un Poco de Historia". Futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
    Template:Es icon"L historia del futbol venezolano". Mipunto.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
    Template:Es icon"58 años de fútbol profesional". Arcotriunfal.com. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
  19. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1927". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  20. ^ Template:Es icon"1929: La Seleccion peruana Reflejo de una Sociedad Partida". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  21. ^ "1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  22. ^ Template:Es icon"Minuto a minuto". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  23. ^ "European Tour of the "Combinado del Pacífico" 1933-34". Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  24. ^ Template:Es icon"La Municipalidad de Lima y la difusión del fútbol". Munlima.gob.pe. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  25. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Controversia". Larepublica.com.pe. Retrieved 2009-02-15. {{cite web}}: Text "Berlín 36. Un mito derrumbado" ignored (help)
  26. ^ Template:Es icon"Las Olimpiadas de Berlín". Peru.com. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  27. ^ "Olympic Games (Concl'd)". www.time.com. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
    Template:Es icon"Berlin, 1936...¡Italia Campione!". Todosports.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  28. ^ a b c "Bolivarian Games: Soccer Tournament". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  29. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1939". RSSSF.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  30. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1941". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  31. ^ "Copa Roque Sáenz Peña". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Peru International Results". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  33. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1949". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  34. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1955". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  35. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1957". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  36. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1959". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  37. ^ "The silence of the Bombonera". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  38. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1970". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  39. ^ "Southamerican Championship 1975". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  40. ^ a b c "World Cup 1978 Finals". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  41. ^ "World Cup 1978 - Hosts Argentina". Soccernet.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  42. ^ "Mundialito 1980 (Montevideo, Uruguay)". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  43. ^ a b "World Cup 1982 Finals". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  44. ^ Template:Es icon"Trágicos accidentes se han llevado dos planteles de fútbol en el Perú: el de Alianza Lima y el de Juan Aurich de Chiclayo". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  45. ^ "World Cup 1998 qualifications". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  46. ^ a b "Copa America 1999". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  47. ^ Template:Es icon"2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup". Terra.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  48. ^ Template:Es icon"Recopa Sudamericana - 2004". Conmebol.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  49. ^ Template:Es icon"Jaime Bayly: Pizarro hizo una fiesta en su casa después del Perú-Paraguay". Rpp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  50. ^ Template:Es icon"Magaly no se presentó al juzgado por la demanda de Paolo Guerrero". Rpp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  51. ^ "Suspension of the Peruvian Football Association". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  52. ^ Template:Es icon"Woodman: "La FPF es la única responsable de la pérdida del Sudamericano"". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  53. ^ Template:Es icon"La FIFA Levanta La Sancion al Futbol Peruano". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  54. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú cae ante Chile en Lima y confirma por qué es último en Sudamérica". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  55. ^ Template:Es icon"José "Chemo" del Solar bate un récord con Perú". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  56. ^ Template:Es icon"Prensa concuerda que Perú es el peor equipo de la historia". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  57. ^ "Peru (PER)". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  58. ^ "101 Facts" (PDF). FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  59. ^ Template:Es icon"Mundial de Fútbol 1970 México - Primera Ronda". Infofutbolonline.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  60. ^ Template:Es icon"Teófilo Cubillas y Héctor Chumpitaz en el equipo ideal de Sudamérica según revista deportiva". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  61. ^ Template:Es icon"Cubillas: "Un trampolín para jugadores"". News.bbc.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  62. ^ "Travellers Tales - Cusco, Perú". Planetworldcup.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  63. ^ "Peru - Scotland". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  64. ^ Template:Es icon"Dic 2007 El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  65. ^ "Peru - Iran". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  66. ^ "Netherlands - Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  67. ^ "Poland - Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  68. ^ Template:Es icon"Historiales/Goleadores de la Copa América desde 1916 a 2004". Conmebol.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  69. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú y su primera Copa América". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  70. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Copa América 1975: Peru campeon!". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  71. ^ "Football Stadiums of South America". fussballtempel.net. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  72. ^ David Goldblatt; World Soccer Yearbook; 2002 ISBN 0-7894-8943-0
  73. ^ Template:Es icon"Estadio Nacional Cumple 54 Años de Vida". ipd.gov.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  74. ^ Template:Es icon"Cuatro Estadios Peruanos con Certificacion FIFA". elregionalpiura.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  75. ^ "FIFA inspects new artificial turf at Peru's El Nacional stadium". journalperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  76. ^ a b Template:Es icon"Vuelven las quejas por el sintético del Nacional". Peru.com. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
  77. ^ Template:Es icon"Sporting Cristal inicia el torneo en el horno de Iquitos". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
  78. ^ Template:Es icon"Conmebol confirma Estadio Nacional". elcomercio.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  79. ^ "National Teams - Team Colors". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  80. ^ a b "Top 10 international rivalries". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  81. ^ a b c d e "Peruvian football federation". conmebol.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  82. ^ a b c d e Template:Es icon"El fútbol peruano cae en desgracia". Eltiempolatino.com. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  83. ^ Template:Es icon"Jorge "Campolo" Alcalde". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  84. ^ Template:Es icon"El Numero Once". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  85. ^ Template:Es icon"Delem y Joya, otros dos grandes que pasan a la inmortalidad". elperiodicodearagon.com. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  86. ^ Template:Es icon"Un Jugador de Leyenda". elperiodicodearagon.com. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  87. ^ Template:Es icon"Entrevista a Julio Cesar Uribe y Edson Uribe". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  88. ^ "Solano, Nolberto". worldfootballers.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  89. ^ Template:Es icon"Julio Melendez Calderon". Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  90. ^ "Juan manuel Vargas". eurosport.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
  91. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Juan Valdivieso". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  92. ^ Template:Es icon"José Sorano, el caballero del deporte". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  93. ^ Template:Es icon"Los Primeros 30 Años de Peru". Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  94. ^ a b "Peru - Record International Players". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-03-09.
  95. ^ Template:Es icon"El Numero Diez, Peruanos en Resto del Mundo". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
  96. ^ Template:Es icon"La Lista #5 (Especial del Mundial), México 1970". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
  97. ^ "Bolivarian Games: Soccer Tournaments". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  98. ^ "Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  99. ^ "Marlboro Cups (USA) 1987–1990". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  100. ^ "USA Cup 1997". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  101. ^ a b c Template:Es icon"La Copa de Oro". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
  102. ^ Template:Es icon"Copa de Oro: Cuartos de Final". Peru.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  103. ^ "Own Goal Helps Colombia Beat Peru". Query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  104. ^ "Kirin Cup 1999". Rsssf.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  105. ^ "Kirin Cup 2005". FutbolPlanet.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  106. ^ Template:Es icon"Grandes Broncas del Futbol Peruano". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  107. ^ Template:Es icon"El día que Perú enmudeció a la Bombonera". Fifa.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  108. ^ Template:Es icon"1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico". Fifa.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  109. ^ Template:Es icon"Perú-Escocia (1978)". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  110. ^ Template:Es icon"El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia". Perucampeon.com. Retrieved 2009-02-17.

Bibliography

External links

Achievements
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Bolivarian Champions
1938 (First title)
1947–48 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1939 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1961 (Third title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1973 (Fourth title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Mariscal Sucre Champions
1973 (First title) 		Succeeded by
1973 Bolivia 
Preceded by South American Champions
1975 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1981 (Fifth title) 		Succeeded by
U-20 Tournaments
Preceded by
1998 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
1999 (First title) 		Succeeded by
2000 Slovakia 
Preceded by
2004 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2005 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
2006 Scotland 

Template:Fb start

Template:Fb end

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru_national_football_team&oldid=311085448

Leave a Reply