Cannabis Ruderalis

thcscience_admin

Peru
Nickname(s)La Blanquirroja, La Rojiblanca
(the white and red)
AssociationFederación Peruana
de Fútbol
ConfederationCONMEBOL (South America)
Head coachPeru José del Solar
CaptainNolberto Solano
Most capsRoberto Palacios (122)
Top scorerTeófilo Cubillas (26)
Home stadiumEstadio Nacional
FIFA codePER
First colours
Second colours
Third colours
FIFA ranking
Current72
Highest34 (September 1997)
Lowest86 (February 2003)
First international
Peru Peru 0 - 4 Uruguay 
(Lima, Peru; November 1, 1927)
Biggest win
Peru Peru 9 - 1 Ecuador 
(Bogotá, Colombia; 11 August 1938)
Biggest defeat
 Brazil 7 - 0 Peru Peru
(Santa Cruz, Bolivia; 26 June, 1997)
World Cup
Appearances4 (first in 1930)
Best resultQuarterfinals, 1970
Copa América
Appearances28 (first in 1927)
Best resultWinners, 1939 and 1975
Olympic medal record
Men’s Pre-Olympic Football
Silver medal – second place 1960 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1964 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1980 Colombia NA
Peru national football team
Medal record
Kirin Cup
Gold medal – first place 1999 Kirin Cup NA
Gold medal – first place 2005 Kirin Cup NA
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Bronze medal – third place 2000 Gold Cup NA
Bolivarian Games
Gold medal – first place 1938 Bogota NA
Gold medal – first place 1947-48 Lima NA
Bronze medal – third place 1951 Caracas NA
Gold medal – first place 1961 Barranquilla NA
Gold medal – first place 1973 Panama City NA
Bronze medal – third place 1977 La Paz NA
Gold medal – first place 1981 Barquisimeto NA
Marlboro Cup
Silver medal – second place 1989 New York NA

The Peru national football team is controlled by the Federación Peruana de Fútbol (FPF) and represents Peru in international football competitions. The team competes with nine other teams in the CONMEBOL conference within FIFA, and has qualified to four FIFA World Cups and two Olympic tournaments. With a total of nine tournament titles, the Peruvian teams are often said to play with much technique and elegance, making them one of the finest exponents of South American football. [1]

Peru has had great moments in the history of football ever since its start in the 1930s. During this era they participated in the first FIFA World Cup, the controversial 1936 Summer Olympics, and won their first Copa América in 1939. Later, between 1970 and 1982, a Golden Generation of Peruvian footballers once more brought Peru into the view of the world.[2] Throughout its history Peru has held the honor of having a series of excellent footballers, the most famous being Teofilo Cubillas whom, with his distinct attacking flair and skill, has often been regarded as the most famous exponent of Peru's golden football years in the 1970s. During this time, the team then qualified for three out of four FIFA World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975.

Historically, Peru's fiercest rival is the football team of Chile.[3] Nonetheless, the competitive zone in which the team is located has often led to various other football rivalries, such as those with Ecuador and Mexico.

Currently, the Peruvian team is rated around the 50th spot in FIFA rankings. Recent efforts to reach the World Cup have been unsuccessful six times in a row. Even so, various Peruvian players have been successful, among them, Nolberto Solano, Juan Manuel Vargas, Jefferson Farfán, Claudio Pizarro, and Jose Paolo Guerrero. Recently, a series of disastrous results and internal problems have led the team to a downfall in the rankings.

History

Association Football was introduced in Peru by English sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent stops at the port of Callao, which at that point was considered one of the most important ports of the Pacific Ocean.[4] During their free time, the English sailors resorted to playing football and they invited the local Chalacos (people from Callao) to participate in their games. Allegedly, it was during these early games that the creation of the popular move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick, took place.[5] Further promoting the growth of the sport, British residents of Peru and Peruvians returning from England began to increment the practice of football.[6]

Early History

Soon, the sports rivalry that evolved between the foreigners and the Chalacos began to gain much attention from people elsewhere. As a result, the popularity of the sport eventually extended to Lima, and even though at first the sport was played without the formality of sports clubs, a few clubs were eventually created in order to continue its practice in the early 20th century. Among these early clubs of the amateur era were the English community's Lima Cricket and Football Club (Lima, 1859),[7] later followed by the Peruvian Ciclista Lima Association (Lima, 1896),[8] and Club Atletico Chalaco (Callao, 1899).[9]

In the 1900s, due to the construction of the Panama Canal, the port of Callao was no longer flooded with the quantity of foreign sailors and travelers that had at one point made the port a point of much cultural diffusion.[10] Nonetheless, by this moment more Peruvian cities had developed their own football clubs and leagues, the most important being those of Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa. Some of the most important new clubs founded at this time were Alianza Lima (Lima, 1901),[11] Cienciano (Cusco, 1901),[12] FBC Melgar (Arequipa, 1915),[13] the Italian community's Circolo Sportivo Italiano (Lima, 1917),[14] Atletico Grau (Piura, 1919),[15] Alianza Atletico (Sullana, 1920),[16] Universitario de Deportes (Lima, 1924),[17] Sport Boys (Callao, 1927),[18] and Coronel Bolognesi (Tacna, 1929).[19] However, the most important amateur league (the Peruvian Football League) stayed in the capital province where a new football rivalry arose between the participating clubs of Lima and the clubs of Callao.[20] Yet, the lack of a centralized organization often brought much conflict between the teams, and such a situation eventually escalated into a conflict that led to the creation of the Peruvian Football Federation in 1922 and a new Peruvian Football League tournament under the regulation of said organization in 1926.[21]

A national team

Even though the Peruvian Football Federation had joined CONMEBOL in 1925, the re-structuring of the national league prevented the creation of a national football team that would be able to participate in the South American Championships of 1925 and the 1926. Moreover, even though in the club level Peru had a series of strong teams, the Peruvian national team created for the 1927 South American Championship was the first successful attempt at a national squad for Peru. This first squad was composed from the best players of the Peruvian Football League, but their first game played against Uruguay (recent winners of the Football Olympics) showed a largely disunited team still trying to mold into a united group effort. After losing their first game to Uruguay in a result of 4-0, the Peruvian squad achieved their first victory a few days later against Bolivia in a surprising 3-0 result.

The time that followed saw the appearance of a group of excellent Peruvian football players that would help further expand the popularity of the sport not only in Peru, but also in other countries of South America. During the 1920s and 1930s, Peruvian clubs made a series of international tours due to the high demand of the skill of their players across South America in places such as Colombia,[22] Venezuela,[23][24] and in Chile.[25][26][27][28] The best moments of Peruvian football had thus began as the continued popularity of football in Peru led to the appearance of great players such as Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernandez, and Juan Valdivieso. In 1930, three years after the Peruvian squad had participated in its first international tournament, they were invited to participate in a new intercontinental competition to be held in Uruguay, the first FIFA World Cup.

1930s Golden Generation

The 1930 FIFA World Cup was an interesting experience for all the teams participating. For the Peruvian team, their first match against the Romania national football team was filled with problems as the Romanians and Peruvians played a rough match that eventually led to a broken leg for one of the Romanian players. This and several other incidents on the field, such as the first minute goal by Romania, soon led to the World Cup's first player dismissed, the Peruvian Plácido Galindo. After all the commotion was settled due to this decision by the referee, Peru was able to momentarily tie the game. Nevertheless, the lack of a player and the inexperience of the national side gave (after two consecutive goals) a pleasing 3-1 result to Romania. Afterwards, in the match against the hosts, Uruguay, that would innaugurate the Estadio Centenario, Peru played an allegedly formidable game against the Charruas. In fact, Peru lost only by one goal to Uruguay, thus showing a sign of improvement from the past 1927 result against Uruguay (whom would later go on to beat Romania 4-0 and eventually crown themselves champions of the tournament).

Later, during 1936 Berlin Olympics, the team further showed how much they had improved since 1927. Largely with the squad of the 1930s, but with a new group of young stars, Peru made a great start by defeating the Finland national football team with a margin of 7-3. Even more surprisingly, the Peruvians defied all odds and managed to defeat Austria on a 4-2 result during over-time. Still, the team formally withdrew due to problems with the German government's intervention causing the International Olympic Committee to nullify Peru's victory against Austria and ordering a re-match.[29][30] Even though the team was already making history, their perseverance would soon lead them to the consolidation of their grandeour. In 1938, Peru's first international title would finally come during the first Bolivarian Games, which Peru won after winning all their games against the football teams of Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Then, further consolidating their status as Peru's first golden generation, the national squad won Peru's first South American Championship (later known as Copa America) in 1939. Once again, the national squad lost none of its matches and in their path to the finals defeated Ecuador, Chile, and Paraguay. For the final, Peru had to yet again face Uruguay, but this time the team was able to overcome the challenge and defeated Uruguay by a close margin of 2-1. Peruvian player Teodoro Fernández became the tournament's maximum goal scorer with 7 goals, and currently retains the historic second place of the competition. As a result of these many titles, victories, and important showings, the early years of Peru's football history went extraordinarily well, and the team was able to effectively build its game along with the increasing competition of the CONMEBOL region.

1940s-1960s

Nonetheless, due to a series of internal problems, Peru's football years after this first golden generation did not involve any other major accomplishments. The 1940s and 1950s flew by with only the achievements of a gold and bronze medal at the Bolivarian Games, and a couple of third places in the Copa America. During the 1960s Peru began to slowly show signs of improvement as the team won the Bolivarian Games of Barranquilla and qualified for the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome. Even though the team was only capable of beating the India national football team after losing to France and Hungary, the squad once again began to give its fans bright hopes for the future.

1970s Golden Generation

Once into the 1970s, the Peruvian "Blanquirrojas" rose with a spark of international victories and a string of young football stars that made the team once more a major competitive force in the world of football. Players like Teófilo Cubillas, Pedro Pablo Leon, Héctor Chumpitaz, Ramon Mifflin, Hugo Sotil, Roberto Challe, and César Cueto, helped make South American football a fierce competitor of European football at a time when teams throughout the world were becoming better at this sport.[31] The participations of Peru in the 1970, 1978, and 1982 FIFA World Cups made the national team once again leave its mark in international competitions as the world saw with awe the elegant and technical play of a Peruvian squad that had a thirst for victory.[32] The participation of Peru in the 1970 FIFA World Cup remains as one of the most memorable as the squad caused sensation as they advanced into the quarterfinals after first eliminating Argentina in the qualifiers, defeating Bulgaria 3-2 after trailing 0-2, losing 3-1 to Germany, and defeating Morocco 3-0. Moreover, their game against Brazil, which they lost 4-2, is usually considered as one of the best World Cup games to have ever been played. Not only that, but in 1975 Peru achieved its second Copa America title, and thus another set of players consolidated their mark in Peruvian sports history. Furthermore, the Peruvian squad once more took the title of football champions at the Bolivarian Games twice during these times.

1980s

Along with an increase of better teams within the Peruvian league, Peru kept up its game up well into the late 1980s.

1990s

Heading towards the 21st century, the 1990s were not very good years for the Peruvian football team. The terrible 1987 Alianza Lima air disaster further crushed the hopes for the team as a series of good players ready to play for the national team died. Although there were still several good players like Julio Cesar Uribe, Nolberto Solano, Claudio Pizarro, and Jose del Solar, the team was no longer the "Golden Team" of the 70s. In terms of Copa America, the squad could only go as far as the quarterfinals before getting eliminated. Meanwhile, in the World Cup qualifiers, the team was not able to even get close to reaching another FIFA tournament until 1998, but that dream was also twarthed by a goal difference with Chile. The only important title the team won during these years was the Kirin Cup, were they shared first place with Belgium.

2000-Present

The early 21st century brought with it the same Peruvian team, a shadow of its former self. Nevertheless, the squad began getting new revivals once the team began getting new young players with new hopes and goals. As the years kept going, Peruvian football once more started to give signs of vitality as local teams from the league began doing rather well in international competitions. Yet, the results were still vastly the same for the Peruvian team in terms of both the Copa America and the FIFA World Cup Qualifiers. Quite surprisingly, Peru was able to do well when they were invited to participate in the CONCACAF Gold Cup and even won another Kirin Cup in 2005. Meanwhile, in 2007, the football fans of Peru received another great surprise as the national U-17 squad qualified and reached the quarterfinals (for their first time) of their FIFA World Cup. This success from the young squad has gave new hopes to fans that things were turning for the better. With young star players like Jefferson Farfan and Jose Paolo Guerrero, the possibilities for Peru expanded, and the team sought to once more reach the best of the world in the 2010 FIFA World Cup to be held in South Africa. However, the Peruvian squad had a horrible season that left them at the bottom of the South American qualifiers at the end of the year 2008.

If that were not enough, in November 25, 2008, the Peruvian Football Federation, the Peruvian league, referees and officials, and national football team were suspended by FIFA due to the problems between the Peruvian Football Federation and the Peruvian Institute of Sport.[33] Almost a month later, in December 20, 2008, the suspension of Peru was lifted by FIFA president Joseph Blatter.[34]

Home stadium

Main article: Estadio Nacional (Lima)
View of the Estadio Nacional's northern stand and tower.

The Estadio Nacional is a 45,574-spectator stadium located in Lima, Peru.[35] On July 18, 1897, the field was inaugurated and named Estadio Guadalupe. The Liga Peruana de Futbol (known as the FPF today) used it for the first football tournaments held in Lima. In 1921, under the "embellecimiento" (beautifying) process for Lima under the presidency of Augusto B. Leguia, the stadium was renovated and renamed the Estadio Nacional. Later, under the government of Manuel Odria, the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.[36] Currently, the stadium houses the Peruvian team and has hosted several major international competitions such as all four Copa América's football competitions held in the nation (the more recent being the Copa America 2004) and the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

During the preparations for the U-17 championship, artificial turf was installed as a means of making the stadium look in better shape. Nonetheless, the artificial turf remained in the Estadio Nacional. In the year of 2005, Peru held the privilege of holding four of the eight "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial pitches in the world) artificial turf stadiums in the world.[37] Even though the national stadium was one of the four Peruvian stadiums that received the "Star II" certification,[38] it has received heavy criticism from clubs of the Peruvian First Division because of the alleged injuries it causes to players. Due to this reason, the national team has decided to temporarily not make use of the stadium.

Alternate Stadiums

The national team, for a series of different reasons, has tended to use a variety of venues to play against its rivals. The geographic variety of Peru is immense, and thus the national team has the option to use different stadiums that might prove as a benefit for the national team. At times, using the high altitude of the Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco or the Amazonic climate Estadio Max Agustin of Iquitos can prove to be a good strategy for the team that may lead to both favorable results and an increase in national pride in regions far from the capital. Also, using popular stadiums in Lima, like the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva, can sometimes be an option for the team due to the supportive crowd.[39] Recently, though, the more modern Estadio Monumental "U" has been selected to momentarily house the Peruvian football team due to the National Stadium's artificial turf.

Estadio Monumental

Main article: Estadio Monumental "U"
File:Monumental U Occidente.JPG
Inside the Estadio Monumental.

The Estadio Monumental is a football stadium in Lima, Peru, which serves as home ground for the football club Universitario de Deportes. It was built throughout the 1990s, and oficially opened in they year 2000. Currently, it is Peru’s largest and most modern stadium. Also, it is the third largest stadium in South America, behind the Maracanã in Brazil and the Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo in Ecuador.[40] The stadium was built in accordance with FIFA’s manual of technical specifications for stadiums, and has a spectator-capacity of 80,093.[40][41]

Despite its size, it has never hosted any of the major sporting events that have come to Peru such as the 2004 Copa America and the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Nonetheless, it was chosen as the national team's venue for the 2010 World Cup Qualifiers by the manager Jose del Solar. Moreover, it has prominently hosted various concerts and other events not related to the football atmosphere. Even tough the situation seemed to point towards the stadium staying as the venue for the Peruvian team, problems with Gremco company (the builders of the stadium) and Universitario de Deportes led to the national team's return to the Estadio Nacional.[42]

FIFA World Cup record

Year Round Year Round
Uruguay 1930 Round 1 West Germany 1974 Did not Qualify
Italy 1934 Withdrew Argentina 1978 Round 2
France 1938 Did Not Enter Spain 1982 Round 1
Brazil 1950 Withdrew Mexico 1986 Did not Qualify
Switzerland 1954 Withdrew Italy 1990 Did not Qualify
Sweden 1958 Did not Qualify United States 1994 Did not Qualify
Chile 1962 Did not Qualify France 1998 Did not Qualify
England 1966 Did not Qualify South KoreaJapan 2002 Did not Qualify
Mexico 1970 Quarterfinals Germany 2006 Did not Qualify
Total 4/18
FIFA World Cup History
Year Round Score Result
1930 Round 1  Peru 1 – 3  Romania Loss
Round 1  Peru 0 – 1  Uruguay Loss
1970 Round 1  Peru 3 – 2  Bulgaria Win
Round 1  Peru 3 – 0 Template:Country data MOR Win
Round 1  Peru 1 – 3  Germany Loss
Quarterfinals  Peru 2 – 4  Brazil Loss
1978 Round 1  Peru 3 – 1  Scotland Win
Round 1  Peru 0 – 0  Netherlands Draw
Round 1  Peru 4 – 1  Iran Win
Round 2  Peru 0 – 3  Brazil Loss
Round 2  Peru 0 – 1  Poland Loss
Round 2  Peru 0 – 6  Argentina Loss
1982 Round 1  Peru 0 – 0  Cameroon Draw
Round 1  Peru 1 – 1  Italy Draw
Round 1  Peru 1 – 5  Poland Loss

Qualifiers and participations

Main article: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
World Cup matches (By team)
Total : 4 Wins - 3 Ties - 8 Loses - 15 games played
Against Wins Draws Losses Total Against Wins Draws Losses Total Against Wins Draws Losses Total
 Romania 0 0 1 1  Brazil 0 0 2 2  Argentina 0 0 1 1
 Uruguay 0 0 1 1  Scotland 1 0 0 1  Cameroon 0 1 0 1
 Bulgaria 1 0 0 1  Netherlands 0 1 0 1  Italy 0 1 0 1
Template:Country data MOR 1 0 0 1  Iran 1 0 0 1 - - - - -
 Germany 0 0 1 1  Poland 0 0 2 2 - - - - -
File:PeruBrazilanthems.JPG
Peru lined up to sing the national anthem in a 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifier against Brazil in the Estadio Monumental.

Peru's first participation at a FIFA World Cup came in 1930, when it was held in Uruguay for the first time.[43] Prior to the start of the event, the national team of Peru only had one training match against Club Olimpia of Paraguay.[44] The tournament turned out to be more of a disaster for Peru for they were grouped against Uruguay, the recent Olympic champions, and Romania. The Blanquirroja lost both of its matches, although they allegedly played a dignifying match against Uruguay in the inauguration of the Estadio Centenario.[45] Peru gained 10th place in this competition.[46]

Forty years would pass until Peru would once again qualify for the FIFA World Cup, this time to be played in Mexico. However, by this time important players appeared for the team such as Alberto Gallardo, Hector Chumpitaz, and Pedro Pablo Leon among others. The team, led by Waldir "Didi" Pereira, had a splendid qualification as they beat Argentina 1-0 and Bolivia 3-0 at home, and lost by the minimal difference to Bolivia in the altitude of La Paz.[47] However, one of the greatest moments of this qualification is the game remembered as "La Bombonera," in which Peruvian forward Oswaldo Ramirez helped tie and eliminate Argentina from a World Cup (for the first and only time in Argentine history).[48] Once in Mexico, the Peruvian squad continued their surprises as they beat Bulgaria 3-2 after trailing two goals behind the European team by half-time.[49] Teofilo Cubillas outshone himself in this tournament by scoring two goals in the 3-0 Peruvian victory over Morocco, Peru's only goal against Germany in their 3-1 loss, and the last goal of Peru in this tournament against Brazil in the 4-2 result of this quarterfinal match.[50][51] Peru had high hopes for the next World Cup that was going to be held in Germany, but the team was over-confident and Teofilo Cubillas was at odds with Peru's coach Roberto Scarone, which led to the team to play without its star player and face elimination at the hands of Chile by a score of 2-1 in the Estadio Centenario of Uruguay.[52]

The team would go on to qualify for the 1978 cup held in Argentina, where they famously beat Scotland 3-0[53][54] and infamously lost to Argentina in a game that is considered to have been set-up by the military junta that governed Argentina during those times.[55] Among other memorable events that took place during that world cup, Peru qualified first in its group for its first time after drawing with the Netherlands at 0-0 and beating Iran 4-1.[56][57] By the time the Spain 1982 World Cup came, the Peruvian squad was seen as a favorite, but Peru demonstrated little to nothing as they tied with Cameroon and Italy and, later, were beat by Poland with a score of 5-1.[58]

Peru almost qualified to the World Cup in two occasions, in the 1986 qualifier and the 1990 qualifier. In 1986, the Argentina of Diego Armando Maradona and Chile put a halt to Peruvian aspirations. In 1998, Peru lost a spot in the qualifiers by a goal difference with Chile. Currently, 27 years have passed since Peru entered a World Cup, and thus far continue the disasters of past qualification attempts with only the glory of times past remaining as a grateful memory.

Copa América record

Peru's national football team in Copa América Venezuela 2007
Copa America/South American Championship
Total: 2 Titles
Year Position Year Position Year Position
Argentina 1916 No Participation Peru 1939 Winners Uruguay 1967 Withdrew
Uruguay 1917 No Participation Chile 1941 Fourth Place 1975 Winners
Brazil 1919 No Participation Uruguay 1942 Fifth place 1979 Semifinals
Chile 1920 No Participation Chile 1945 Withdrew 1983 Semifinals
Argentina 1921 No Participation Argentina 1946 Withdrew Argentina 1987 Round 1
Brazil 1922 No Participation Ecuador 1947 Fifth Place Brazil 1989 Round 1
Uruguay 1923 No Participation Brazil 1949 Third Place Chile 1991 Round 1
Uruguay 1924 No Participation Peru 1953 Fifth Place Ecuador 1993 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1925 No Participation Chile 1955 Third Place Uruguay 1995 Round 1
Chile 1926 No Participation Uruguay 1956 Sixth Place Bolivia 1997 Fourth Place
Peru 1927 Third Place Peru 1957 Fourth Place Paraguay 1999 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1929 Fourth Place Argentina 1959 Fourth Place Colombia 2001 Quarterfinals
Peru 1935 Third Place Ecuador 1959 Withdrew Peru 2004 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1937 Sixth place Bolivia 1963 Fifth place Venezuela 2007 Quarterfinals

Participation history

Main article: Peru at the Copa America
Colored map of CONMEBOL countries with respect to number of championships in Copa América.
File:Copa America Hosts 2008.png
Colored map of CONMEBOL showing the distribution of Copa America hosts.

After joining CONMEBOL in 1925, Peru has hosted the Copa America six times and won it twice. Peru has had two top goalscorers for the tournament, Teodoro Fernandez (7 goals, 1939) and Eduardo Malasquez (3 goals, 1983).[59] The 1927 tournament was held in Peru, and the national squad gained third place. Peru would go on to repeat the same stunt when it held the tournament in 1935. However, in 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa America title by defeating Ecuador 5-2, Chile 3-1, and Paraguay 3-0 in order to reach the final. With star players like Teodoro Fernandez and Jorge Alcalde, Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by the close score of 2-1.[60] Peru thus became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Brazil, and Argentina, to win the Copa America. The Blanquirroja would go on to host the Copa America two more times in 1953 and 1957, but would only reach as far as third on 1949 and 1955.

Finally, in 1975, the Peruvians won the first Copa America held without a fixed venue. The team first had to make it out of the group stages by defeating Chile and Bolivia. Once in the semi-finals, the team achieved the impossible by defeating Brazil at the Mineirão by a score of 3-1. Enrique Casaretto and Teofilo Cubillas made the difference in that game, but the victory would be sour as the squad would go on to lose in Lima's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva to Brazil by 2-0. Although by modern standards Peru should have directly qualified, at that point a sorting had to be made in order to randomly choose one of the two teams, and Peru won the spot.[61] Once in the final, Peru faced Colombia, who had earned their own merits by defeating Uruguay in order to reach the final. Peru lost its first game, but the two following games (the first played at Lima and the last match played at Caracas) were won by the Blanquirroja thanks to the goals of Juan Carlos Oblitas, Oswaldo Ramirez, and Hugo Sotil.

Afterwards, the national squad gained two consecutive third places in 1979 and 1983. When the tournaments once again began to be hosted by individual countries, Peru's best place was in 1997 when they gained fourth place after losing to Mexico for the third place match. In 2004, Peru once again became the hosts of the tournament, but did not manage to get beyond the quarterfinals. This same story would repeat itself in 2007, and now the team looks on to the 2011 tournament to be held in Argentina.

Other tournaments

Peru has participated in various international tournaments. Generally, the team gives a decent show and in some occasions has even been able to win some of the tournaments.

  • Peru has been part of the Olympics twice: Berlin 1936 and Rome 1960.
  • Peru has participated in the Copa Armenia of Colombia (1989), and the Nahser Cup of India (1986).
  • Peru was invited to the U.S. Cup in 1997, and reached 3rd place.
  • Peru has disputed the CONCACAF Gold Cup once in 2000, reaching 3rd place.
  • Peru has disputed 2 Kirin Cups, in 1999 and 2005, winning in both occasions.

(*)1936 Berlin Olympics

Main article: 1936 Berlin Olympics

In 1936, the Peruvian team was invited to join the Olympics to be played at Berlin. Peru accepted the invitation and the team set-off for Berlin with high expectations. Previously, Peru had withdrawn from the 1934 FIFA World Cup, but this time Peru wanted to show what they were capable of doing.

The first match against Finland was won with great commodity by the Peruvians (A 7-3 result). Peru's next match came against Austria in the quarterfinals, a game Adolf Hitler (An Austrian himself) was highly interested in. To the surprise of many, Peru was able to defy all odds and beat Austria (A 4-2 result). This result bothered Hitler, especially since the Peruvian team was mainly composed of black players while the Austrian team played with a white Aryan race squad. Hence, with support from Hitler, Austria was thus able to gain the chance for a repetition of the game to be once more played.

It is commonly said that one of the arguments used was that of the ball being too big and the goal too small; also that the field was too small for competition and that the Peruvian fans had stormed the field after the fourth goal. Nonetheless, whatever the case might have been, the event was regarded as an injustice from German Nazi authorities.[62] It is because of this insulting situation that Peru figured it was best to simply leave the tournament (Austria went on to win the Silver Medal), and all the Peruvian Olympic teams left Berlin in protest to the discriminatory actions of Germany.[63]

1997 U.S. Cup

Main article: 1997 U.S. Cup

The U.S. Cup (also known as the USA Cup, United States Cup and Nike U.S. Cup) was a soccer cup held annually in the United States from 1991 to 2000. The cup, hosted by the United States Soccer Federation, was contested between the United States and three guest teams; which in 1997 included Mexico, Peru, and Denmark. This was the first and only U.S. Cup for both Peru and Denmark.

In the first game of the tournament, Peru took the U.S. in San Diego's Jack Murphy Stadium. Striking early, when German Carty scored in the 8th minute off a Paolo Maldonado cross, Peru dominated the first-half game. Yet, even though the U.S. dominated long stretches of the second-half and had several good chances, it was unable to score on any of them. In the second game the Peruvian team had a hard time converting their technical superiority into goals, partly due to Danish goalkeeper Mogens Krogh.[64]

Peru's last match was against Mexico, a game that Peru needed to win to reach the top of the game's scoreboard. Yet, neither Peru or Mexico were able to score and the game ended in a tie. Peru thus placed third-place in the competition and Mexico won its second title.

CONCACAF Championship/Gold Cup
Total: 0 Titles
Year Round GP W D* L GS GA
1963-1998 Not Invited - - - - - -
United States 2000 Semi-Finals 4 1 1 2 7 7
2002-2007 Not Invited - - - - - -
Total 1/19 4 1 1 2 7 7

2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup

Main article: 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup

Peru was one of three teams invited to the 2000 Gold Cup held at the United States. This was the first time Peru had been invited to the competition, and the team accepted to enter the tournament.

Peru played in Group B of the tournament, placed with the USA and Haiti. Peru's two matches did not really go well for the team, they tied to Haiti (1-1) and lost to the USA (1-0) by the minimal difference. Nevertheless, Peru played a decent first phase that got them into the next round.

The challenge came when they had to face Group As leader, Honduras. Honduras had come from winning both of their previous games against Jamaica and Colombia. The odds were really against Peru, but the team raised its name by beating Honduras 5-3.

Peru's final match in the tournament came against Colombia. The match was won by Colombia 2-1, with an own goal from Peruvian player Salazar. Even though Peru has not been invited to the tournament ever since then, it is still a memorable participation for Peru since they went rather far (along with Colombia) into a competition that was not of their football sector.

Kirin Cup

Main article: Kirin Cup

The Kirin Cup is an annual football tournament organised in Japan by the Kirin Corporation. Participants are either club teams or national teams, but the Japan national team is always a participant. Peru was invited to this competition in 1999 and 2005.

In 1999, Peru was invited along with Belgium. To Peru this served mainly as a training tournament, but surprisingly Peru was able to achieve the title. Of course, Belgium also shared the title with Peru due to a tie in score. Nevertheless, this victory can be counted as an international title Peru has won (their third).[65]

Similarly, in 2005, Peru was once more only coming to the tournament to do a good show and train some more. Yet, they left Japan once more with the title of champions and their 4th international title (shared with United Arab Emirates this time). Peru now holds the historic 5th place of this competition with an overall of 3 ties and 1 victory.[66][67]

Kit evolution

A more detailed version of the Peruvian football kit.
A more detailed version of Peru's alternate football kit.

The Peruvian team has officially used four official kits, but it also has used several alternatives. The classic colors used are red and white, which compose the flag of Peru. During the presidency of Augusto B. Leguia, the kit of Peru was taken from one of the most popular and successful teams of the Peruvian tournaments held between clubs of Lima and Callao, Alianza Lima. The kit of that particular club came about as a result of the team taking Augusto Leguia's stable shirts as a model for their design. Hence, the first kit of Peru honored both the most successful club of Peru at that time and the president of the nation. The only difference between the kits was the use of red stripes instead of Alianza's blue stripes, and the use of white shorts instead of Alianza's blue shorts. The team officially used this first uniform in the South American Championship (later renamed Copa America) of 1927 and later used it once more in the South American Championship of 1929. Originally, the kit was apparently going to remain the official kit of the national team, but when the 1930 FIFA World Cup came up, the Peruvian team was forced to change their shirts due to Paraguay registering their football kit first.

The white shirt used had a red collar and the players used red socks. After Peru lost both its games in the World Cup, the team once more looked for a new kit that would be more characteristic of the national colors of Peru. The first change came for the 1935 South American Championship, a tournament that Peru would hold for a third time. Although the team did not win, their unique white shirt with a red horizontal stripe made the first official appearance of the new design. The team's loss in the tournament is what probably once again led the team to look for a better shirt, and finally in 1936 developed a white shirt with a red stripe that crossed the chest from the left shoulder to the right hip. There is no valid conclusion as to how this shirt came to be part of the new Peruvian kit, but the usage of it during Peru's excellent performance in the 1936 Berlin Olympics would consolidate it as the new official kit of the team. Later, during the Bolivarian Games, Peru would once again bring fame to this kit as the team won the inaugural tournament of the competition. The team went on to win several more Bolivarian Games and participate in the 1960 Summer Olympics using this kit, but it was during the 1970 FIFA World Cup when the shirt reached its height in international popularity as the Peruvian team defeated several important opponents and reached the quarterfinals of that tournament. Although Peru also used their alternative kit at that time as a result of color television, the first kit of the team amounted the most prestige. Peru's current alternate kit is similar but uses a complete red kit with a white horizontal stripe. Up to this day, the unique style of the "Blanquiroja" kit has led it to become a symbol of Peru in various international tournaments.

Official First kits

  • The first uniform was that of the red stripes, white shorts, and white socks. This model was only used in the Copa América 1927 and was left aside due to its similarity with the kit of Paraguay.
  • The second uniform was that of the white shirt with red collar, white shorts, and red socks. Peru used this model when the team participated in the 1930 World Cup.
  • The third uniform was composed of a white shirt with a horizontal red stripe that crossed the chest from left to right. The shorts and socks were white.
  • The fourth and current uniform is composed of a white shirt with a diagonal red stripe that crosses the chest from the left shoulder to the right side of the hip. The shorts and socks are white (Although red socks are also being used lately).
1927-1929
1930-1934
1935
1936-Current
Lately

Alternative kits

  • The first uniform was used during the 1970s as an alternative, and in the World Cups (1970 and 1978) of that year.[68]
  • The second uniform was used during the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup.[69]
  • The third uniform is currently used as the official alternative kit.
  • The fourth uniform was an alternative used in the Copa America 2007 match against Venezuela, but it has recently been used in several other tournaments (including the U-20 Tournament); and apparently has become the team's third kit.
1970
2000
Current
3rd Kit

Football rivalries

Main article: Chile and Peru football rivalry

Peru and Chile have a rivalry that dates back from the War of the Pacific. Previously, the two nations had been on friendly terms sharing mutual alliances during the South American wars of independence and in the Chincha Islands War, in which both the combined armies of Peru and Chile defeated the Spain in the Pacific Ocean. However, territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have fueled tensions since the ending of the War of the Pacific. These historical feuds and lingering bitterness have led to a large football rivalry between both nations. The games between them tend to be very rough, but very competitive nevertheless. As a result of this, their games have gained the nickname of Clasico del Pacifico, meaning the "Derby of the Pacific."[70][3]

Peru's football rivalry against Ecuador is not as great, but still important to mention. Such a rivalry comes from disputes ongoing disputes between Ecuador and Peru over territory in the Amazon regions near the Equator. The rivalry is greater from the Ecuadorian side, but Peru follows close behind it. The games are also rough like those played against Chile, but the determination of both sides is generally interesting to see as both teams are usually on the attack.

Notable players

Template:Famous players

File:Hector Chumpitaz.png
Hector Chumpitaz, also known as the "Captain of America," playing a match in 1978 with the Peruvian team.

1930s to 1950s

1960s to 1980s

1990s

Managers

File:Monumental Sur Camiseta.JPG
The Estadio Monumental "U". Peru played Brazil in a 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualifier which ended 1-1. The southern stand hold a jersey-shaped banner before the start of the game.
Manager Year(s)
Uruguay Pedro Olivieri 1927
Uruguay Julio Borrelli 1929
Spain Francisco Bru 1930-1938
England Jack Greenwell 1938-1939
Spain Domingo Arrillaga 1941
Argentina Angel Fernandez 1942-1949
England William Cook 1953-1956
Hungary Jorge Orth 1957-1959
Brazil Jorge de Almeyda 1963
Brazil Valdir "Didi" Pereira 1964-1972
Uruguay Roberto Scarone 1972-1974
Peru Marcos Calderon 1975-1979
Brazil "Tim" Elba de Padua Lima 1980-1982
Peru Juan Jose Tan 1983
Peru Moises Barack 1984 - 1985
Peru Roberto Challe 1986-1987
Peru Marcos Calderon 1987
Brazil Pepe 1988-1989
Peru Miguel Company 1990 – 1991
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vladimir Popović 1991 - 1993
Peru Miguel Company 1994 – 1995
Peru Freddy Ternero 1996 – 1997
Peru Juan Carlos Oblitas 1997 - 1999
Colombia Francisco Maturana 1999 - 2000
Peru Julio César Uribe 2000 - 2002
Brazil Paulo Autuori 2002 - 2005
Peru Freddy Ternero 2005 - 2006
Peru Franco Navarro 2006
Peru Julio César Uribe 2007
Peru José "Chemo" del Solar 2007 - Present

Squad 2008

Last Squad

Head coach: Peru Hector "Tito" Chumpitaz.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 1GK Johnny Vegas February 9, 1976 2 -3 Peru Sport Ancash
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 1GK Julio Aliaga July 26, 1989 0 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Guillermo Salas October 21, 1974 10 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Carlos Zambrano July 10, 1989 6 0 Germany FC Schalke 04
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Juan Pajuelo September 23 1974 17 2 Peru Juan Aurich
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Aldo Corzo May 20 1989 0 0 Peru Alianza Lima
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Aurelio Saco-Vértiz May 30, 1989 0 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 2DF Adrián Zela March 20 1989 0 0 Peru Coronel Bolognesi
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Nolberto Solano December 12, 1974 45 6 Peru Universitario
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Edwin Pérez September 28, 1977 1 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Jean Ferrari July 15 1975 2 0 Peru Melgar
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Damián Ismodes June 10 1989 4 0 Spain Racing de Santander
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Daniel Sánchez May 2 1990 2 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Anderson Cueto May 29 1989 0 0 Poland Lech Poznan
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Junior Núñez July 28 1989 0 0 Peru Sport Boys
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 3MF Pedro García March 14, 1974 2 1 Peru Universidad San Martín
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 4FW Junior Ross February 19, 1986 2 0 Peru Coronel Bolognesi
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 4FW Antonio Meza Cuadra February 25, 1980 0 0 Peru Universidad César Vallejo
  • |- class="nat-fs-player"
 - 4FW Christian La Torre March 9, 1990 0 0 Peru Universitario

World Cup Qualification Squad

The following players have been called up to the World Cup Qualification's Peruvian squad during 2008.

Goalkeepers
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Leao Butrón March 6 1977 Peru Universidad San Martín 9 (-14) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Raúl Fernández January 31 1986 Peru Universitario de Deportes - (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
George Forsyth June 20 1982 Peru Alianza Lima - (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Defenders
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Guillermo Salas October 21 1974 Peru Universidad San Martín 10 (0) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Carlos Zambrano July 10 1989 Germany FC Schalke 04 6 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Roberto Guizasola August 21 1984 Peru Cienciano 1 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Christian Ramos November 4 1988 Peru Sporting Cristal 3 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Orlando Contreras March 6 1982 Peru Universidad San Martín 1 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Walter Vílchez February 20 1986 Mexico Puebla F.C. 14 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Juan Vargas October 5 1983 Italy ACF Fiorentina 14 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Amilton Prado May 6 1979 Peru Sporting Cristal 6 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Alberto Rodríguez March 31 1984 Portugal S.C. Braga 10 (-) v. Venezuela, September 6, 2008
Martín Hidalgo June 15 1976 Peru Alianza Lima 17 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Miguel Villalta June 16 1981 Peru Sporting Cristal 4 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Ernesto Arakaki June 13 1979 Peru Alianza Lima 1 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Midfielders
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Nolberto Solano December 12 1974 Peru Universitario 45 (6) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Rainer Torres January 12 1980 Peru Universitario 8 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Henry Quinteros October 19 1977 Peru Alianza Lima 15 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Juan Carlos La Rosa February 3 1980 Peru Alianza Lima 5 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Juan Carlos Mariño January 2 1988 Colombia Atlético Nacional 4 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Paolo de la Haza November 30 1983 Ukraine Chornomorets Odessa 7 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Daniel Sánchez May 2 1990 Peru Sporting Cristal 2 (-) v. Venezuela, September 6, 2008
Miguel Cevasco December 27 1982 Peru Universitario de Deportes 1 (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Miguel Angel Torres January 17 1982 Peru Universitario de Deportes - (-) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008
Donny Neyra January 12 1984 Peru Universitario de Deportes 1 (-) v. Colombia, June 14, 2008
Juan Cominges October 1 1983 Peru U. Cesar Vallejo 8 (-) v. Colombia, June 14, 2008
Strikers
Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Wilmer Aguirre October 5 1983 Peru Alianza Lima 1 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Hernán Rengifo April 18 1983 Poland KKS Lech Poznań 6 (-) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Daniel Chavez January 8 1988 Belgium FC Brugge 7 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Johan Fano August 9 1978 Colombia Once Caldas 4 (1) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
Piero Alva February 14 1979 Peru Cienciano 8 (2) v. Paraguay, October 15, 2008
José Paolo Guerrero January 1 1984 Germany Hamburger SV 11 (2) v. Uruguay, June 17, 2008

Other National Players

The following players were called-up for friendly matches, without including Extremadura friendly match.

Name Date of birth Club Caps (goals) Most Recent Call up
Luis Hernández December 20 1978 Peru Sporting Cristal - (-) v. Mexico, June 8, 2008
Reimond Manco August 23 1990 Netherlands PSV Eindhoven 5 (1) v. Costa Rica, March 26, 2008
Juan José Jayo January 20 1973 Peru Alianza Lima 47 (1) v. Costa Rica, March 26, 2008
Sidney Faiffer May 12 1980 Peru Alianza Lima - (-) v. Bolivia, February 6, 2008
Roberto Jiménez April 17 1983 Peru Universitario de Deportes - (-) v. Bolivia, February 6, 2008

Recent and future international matches

Date Venue Opponents Result Score
June 14, 2008 Estadio Monumental
Lima, Peru 		 Colombia D 1 - 1 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
June 17, 2008 Estadio Centenario
Montevideo, Uruguay 		 Uruguay L 6 - 0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Sept. 6, 2008 Estadio Monumental
Lima, Peru 		 Venezuela W 1 - 0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Sept. 10, 2008 Estadio Monumental
Lima, Peru 		 Argentina D 1 - 1 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Oct 11, 2008 Estadio Hernando Siles
La Paz, Bolivia 		 Bolivia L 3 - 0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Oct 15, 2008 Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asuncion, Paraguay 		 Paraguay L 1 - 0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Dec 27, 2008 Estadio Príncipe Felipe
Cáceres, Spain 		 Extremadura D 2 - 2 Friendly match
Feb 6, 2009 Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles, USA 		 El Salvador Friendly match
Mar 28, 2009 Estadio Monumental "U"
Lima, Perú 		 Chile 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
Apr 1, 2009 TBA
Brazil 		 Brazil 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification

See also

References

  1. ^ "Peruvian football federation". conmebol.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  2. ^ "Peru". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
  3. ^ a b "High Alert for Chile-Peru Qualifier". thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  4. ^ "Callao-Peru". findinternettv.com. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  5. ^ "La "Chalaca" de Ronaldinho". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
  6. ^ Template:Es icon "La difusión del fútbol en Lima". sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  7. ^ "Lima Cricket & Football Club". clublimacricket.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  8. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  9. ^ "Club Atletico Chalaco". clubatleticochalaco.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  10. ^ "The Panama Canal". xroads.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  11. ^ "Historia Blanquiazul 1901-1920". Clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  12. ^ "Origines de Cienciano". elcienciano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  13. ^ "Inicios de FBC Melgar". fbcmelgaraqp.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  14. ^ "Circolo Sportivo Italiano". mundoandino.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  15. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  16. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  17. ^ "Historia de Universitario". universitario.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  18. ^ "Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  19. ^ "Historia del Club". Bolognesifc.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  20. ^ "Peru-List of Final Tables". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  21. ^ "Historia". fpf.org.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  22. ^ Template:Es icon "Cali, 100 Años de Futbol". Deporteaficionado.net. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  23. ^ Template:Es icon "Un Poco de Historia". Futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  24. ^ Template:Es icon "L historia del futbol venezolano". Mipunto.com. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  25. ^ "Historia del Club Atletico Chalaco". clubatleticochalaco.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  26. ^ "Historia Blanquiazul: 1921-1960". clubalianzalima.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  27. ^ "Historia (Bolognesi)". vamosbolo.unlugar.com.
  28. ^ "Teodoro 'Lolo' Fernandez". Futbolperuano.com.
  29. ^ "Las Olimpiadas de Berlín". futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  30. ^ "Olympic Games (Concl'd)". www.time.com. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  31. ^ "Peruvian Football". Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  32. ^ "Federación Peruana de Fútbol". conmebol.com. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
  33. ^ "Suspension of the Peruvian Football Association". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  34. ^ "La FIFA Levanta La Sancion al Futbol Peruano". Peru.com. Retrieved 2008-20-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  35. ^ "Football Stadiums of South America". fussballtempel.net. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  36. ^ "Estadio Nacional Cumple 54 Años de Vida". ipd.gov.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  37. ^ "Cuatro Estadios Peruanos con Certificacion FIFA". elregionalpiura.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  38. ^ "FIFA inspects new artificial turf at Peru's El Nacional stadium". journalperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  39. ^ a b "Conmebol confirma Estadio Nacional". elcomercio.com.pe. Retrieved 2008-08-08. Cite error: The named reference "El Comercio" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  40. ^ a b "Escenario". FPF.com.pe. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
  41. ^ "Peru". fussballtempel.net. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
  42. ^ "Peru jugara las eliminatorias en el estadio nacional". peru.com. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  43. ^ http://es.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1/teams/team=43929.html
  44. ^ http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/02/peru-en-el-mundial-del-30.html
  45. ^ http://www.blog.fmsite.net/Centenario/categoria/Mundial%201930_55_
  46. ^ http://goles.us/mundial-de-futbol-1930-primer-mundial/
  47. ^ http://www.peru.com/futbol/reportajes/2001/09/18/06.asp
  48. ^ http://es.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=735385.html
  49. ^ http://www.infofutbolonline.com/torneos/mundial_1970_grupos.htm#groupd
  50. ^ http://www.perucampeon.com/seleccion-peruana/teofilo-cubillas-y-hector-chumpitaz-en-el-equipo-ideal-de-sudamerica-segun-revista-deportiva.html
  51. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/deportes/newsid_6765000/6765663.stm
  52. ^ http://www.arkivperu.com/eliminatorias_1973_arkivperu.htm
  53. ^ http://www.planetworldcup.com/GUESTS/matt20020826.html
  54. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2451/report.html
  55. ^ http://www.perucampeon.com/seleccion-peruana/el-argentina-%E2%80%93-peru-del-mundial-del-78-la-otra-historia.html
  56. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2405/report.html
  57. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2394/report.html
  58. ^ http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=59/results/matches/match=1055/report.html
  59. ^ http://www.conmebol.com/comunicados_ver.jsp?id=60708&slangab=S
  60. ^ http://www.peru.com/futbol/reportajes/2001/09/18/02.asp
  61. ^ http://www.peru.com/futbol/reportajes/2001/09/18/08.asp
  62. ^ "Peru en Berlin 1936". doctor-futbol.8m.net. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
  63. ^ "Las Olimpiadas de Berlín". futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
  64. ^ Allan Pedersen, "Kroghs oprejsning", Ekstra Bladet, 20 January 1997
  65. ^ "Kirin Cup 1999". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  66. ^ "Kirin Cup (Peru)". The Rising Sun News. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  67. ^ "Kirin Cup 2005". rsssf.com. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  68. ^ "Peru en Argentina 1978". www.doctor-futbol8m.net. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  69. ^ "Peru en Estados Unidos 2000". www.doctor-futbol8m.net. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
  70. ^ "Clasico del Pacifico". rpp.com. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
  71. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Alejandro Villanueva". fifa.com accessdate=2008-08-11. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |work= (help)
  72. ^ "Top Scorers of Peru". rsssf.com accessdate=2008-08-11. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |work= (help)
  73. ^ "Teodoro "Lolo" Fernandez". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  74. ^ "Jorge "Campolo" Alcalde". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  75. ^ "Soriano, "Caballero del Deporte"". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  76. ^ "Valeriano López, el 'Tanque de Casma'". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  77. ^ "Fallecio "Toto" Terry". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  78. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Juan Valdivieso". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  79. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Geronimo Barbadillo". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  80. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Julio Baylon". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  81. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Alberto Gallardo". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  82. ^ a b c d e f "World Cup History: Best Players of All Times". us.terra.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10. Cite error: The named reference "terra.com" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  83. ^ "Entrevista a Franco Navarro". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  84. ^ "El Numero Once". Arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  85. ^ "Oswaldo "Cachito" Ramirez". arkivperu.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  86. ^ "Felix Fernandez / Jugar con Weah y Cubillas.(Cancha)". galegroup.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  87. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: German Leguia". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  88. ^ "FIFA Player Statistics: Ramon Mifflin". FIFA.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  89. ^ "Entrevista a Julio Cesar Uribe y Edson Uribe". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  90. ^ "Los encuentros inolvidables en las historia del futbol peruano". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  91. ^ "10 Funniest World Cup Moments". midfielddynamo.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  92. ^ "Historico Cieciano: Campeon de la Copa Sudamericana". Conmebol.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  93. ^ "Flavio Maestri - Historia". geocities.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  94. ^ "Roberto Martinez un nuevo DT en potencia". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  95. ^ "Roberto Palacios - Historia". delgol.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  96. ^ "Nolberto Solano". gfdb.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  97. ^ "Solano, Nolberto". worldfootballers.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  98. ^ "Player - Jose del Solar". Retrieved 2008-08-12. {{cite web}}: Text "work: national-football-teams.com" ignored (help)
  99. ^ "Jorge Soto - Historia". delgol.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  100. ^ "Anuncia Juan Reynoso su Retiro". esmas.com. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  101. ^ "Player - Juan Reynoso". national-football-teams.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  102. ^ "Jose Soto se retira del futbol". Futbolperuano.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
  103. ^ "Perú: Ya están los convocados para viajar a España". Goal.com. Retrieved 2008-12-25.

External links

Achievements
Preceded by South American Champions
1939 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1975 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Kirin Cup Champions
1999 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Kirin Cup Champions
2005 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Bolivarian Games Football Champions
1938 (First title)
1947-48 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Games Football Champions
1961 (Third title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Games Football Champions
1973 (Fourth title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Games Football Champions
1981 (Fifth title) 		Succeeded by
U-20 Tournaments

Template:Fb start

Template:Fb end

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru_national_football_team&oldid=266738689

Leave a Reply