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Revision as of 02:55, 12 June 2013

Peru
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)La Blanquirroja
(The White and Red)

Los Incaicos
(The Incas)

El Equipo de Todos
(The Team of Everyone)

La Franja Roja
(The Red Strip)
AssociationPeruvian Football Federation
ConfederationCONMEBOL
(South America)
Head coachSergio Markarián
CaptainClaudio Pizarro
Most capsRoberto Palacios (128)
Top scorerTeófilo Cubillas (26)[1]
Home stadiumEstadio Nacional
FIFA codePER
First colours
Second colours
FIFA ranking
Current30
Highest25 (July 2011)
Lowest91 (September 2009)
First international
Peru Peru 0–4 Uruguay 
(Lima, Peru; November 1, 1927)
Biggest win
Peru Peru 9–1 Ecuador 
(Bogotá, Colombia; August 11, 1938)
Biggest defeat
 Brazil 7–0 Peru Peru
(Santa Cruz, Bolivia; June 26, 1997)
World Cup
Appearances4 (first in 1930)
Best resultQuarter Finals, 1970 and 1978
Copa América
Appearances34 (first in 1927)
Best resultWinners, 1939 and 1975
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Appearances1 (first in 2000)
Best resultThird (shared), 2000
Medal record
Bolivarian Games
Gold medal – first place 1938 Bogotá NA
Gold medal – first place 1947–48 Lima NA
Bronze medal – third place 1951 Caracas NA
Gold medal – first place 1961 Barranquilla NA
Gold medal – first place 1973 Panama City NA
Bronze medal – third place 1977 La Paz NA
Gold medal – first place 1981 Barquisimeto NA
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Bronze medal – third place 2000 Gold Cup NA
Copa Centenario de Armenia
Bronze medal – third place 1989 Armenia NA
Kirin Cup
Gold medal – first place 1999 Japan NA
Gold medal – first place 2005 Japan NA
Gold medal – first place 2011 Japan NA
Marlboro Cup
Silver medal – second place 1989 New York NA
Men's Pre-Olympic Football
Silver medal – second place 1960 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1964 Peru NA
Bronze medal – third place 1980 Colombia NA
Nike United States Cup
Bronze medal – third place 1997 U.S. Cup NA

The Peru national football team represents Peru in international football competition and is managed by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). The team competes against the other nine members of FIFA's CONMEBOL conference, which encompasses the countries of South America. The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent, although it is considered to have enjoyed two successful periods in the 1930s and 1970s.[2]

Founded in 1927, the Peru national football team plays its home matches primarily at the Estadio Nacional in Lima. Peru has won the Copa América twice, qualified for four FIFA World Cup tournaments, and participated in two Olympic tournaments. Peru's traditional footballing rival is Chile,[3] but the team also has a prominent rivalry with Ecuador. The classic colours of the team are white and red, the colours of the Peruvian flag, and the team is commonly known as la Blanquirroja (Spanish for "the white-and-red").[4]

Early in its history, Peru participated in World Cup tournaments and enjoyed victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, when it was led by Teodoro Fernández, Juan Valdivieso, and Alejandro Villanueva.[2] Peruvian football's successful period in the 1970s brought Peru back to world recognition, with players such as Héctor Chumpitaz, Hugo Sotil, and Teófilo Cubillas.[5][6] This team qualified for three FIFA World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975.

Peru's 1982 World Cup participation was its last to date: the national team has not since won a major tournament or participated in a World Cup tournament. The team was temporarily suspended from international participation by FIFA in late 2008 due to allegations of corruption involving government sport authorities and the FPF. Peru has currently appointed Uruguayan Sergio Markarián as its manager and, after achieving third place at the 2011 Copa América, seeks to qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

History

Main article: History of the Peru national football team

Beginnings

Football was introduced in Peru by English sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent visits to Callao, then an important Pacific Ocean port.[7] During their free time, English sailors played football and invited the local Chalacos (people from Callao) to participate. It is thought that during these early games, the move known as the chalaca (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or bicycle kick, originated.[8] By the 1890s, British sporting clubs in Lima such as Lima Cricket and Lawn Tennis were already playing football.[9] Football became popular in Peru because it was played by British residents and by Peruvians returning from England.[10]

The growing sports rivalry between foreign visitors and local Chalacos soon gained attention from Peruvians outside the port.[10] Before the formation of the first clubs and leagues in the early 20th century, football was an unorganized sport.[11][12] In the 1900s, the construction of the Panama Canal limited the quantity of foreign sailors and travelers visiting Callao, minimizing the port's influence as a center of cultural diffusion.[13] By then, football clubs and leagues had been formed in other Peruvian cities, including Lima, Cusco, and Arequipa.[14] Peru's most important amateur league, the capital province's "Peruvian Football League", housed the growing rivalry between Callao clubs and those from nearby Lima.[9][15] The lack of a centralized organization led to constant conflicts between the teams, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the Peruvian Football Federation (PFF) in 1922, and a Peruvian Football League tournament, which was regulated by the PFF, in 1926.[16]

The Peruvian Football Federation joined CONMEBOL in 1925, but internal and economic problems prevented the creation of a national team.[17] In 1922, an unofficial national team played against an Uruguayan team sponsored by the Uruguayan Football Association.[17] Talented Peruvian football players gained international recognition for their skills, which inspired Peruvian clubs to tour throughout South America to places.[18] Thanks to significant numbers of British residents in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elites, and the rapid development of the sport among the urban poor of La Victoria district in Lima, Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region at this time.[9]

In 1927, the Peruvian national football team was officially created.[17] The team hosted the 1927 South American Championship, and Peru reached third place after losing to Uruguay by 4–0 in their debut match, defeating Bolivia 3–2, and losing to Argentina 1–5.[19] However, due to internal corruption during the Great Depression, the team that played in the 1929 edition was selected by social favoritism rather than player skill, and lost all its games.[20] A year later, the Peruvian team, known colloquially as la Blanquirroja (The White and Red One), was invited to participate in the first World Cup in Uruguay.[21]

First golden generation

See also: Peru at the Olympics and Peru v Austria (1936)
File:PeruOlympics1936.png
1936 Berlin Summer Olympics team. Front: Adelfo Magallanes, Jorge Alcalde, Teodoro Fernández, José Morales, and Alejandro Villanueva. Back: Carlos Tovar, Víctor Guarderas Lavalle, Juan Valdivieso, Arturo Fernández, Segundo Castillo, and Orestes Jordán.

The 1930s is considered to be the first golden era of Peruvian football.[2] At the inaugural 1930 FIFA World Cup, the Peruvian team failed to progress beyond the group stages, despite the Uruguayan audience was surprised by the Peruvians' level of skill.[22] Between 1933 and 1934, the national squad, composed mainly of players from Universitario de Deportes, Alianza Lima, and Atlético Chalaco, united with the Chilean squad to form the Combinado del Pacifico, called by European media the "Peru-Chile XI" and "All-Pacific".[23] This team toured England, Germany, France, and Spain until August 1935. Teodoro Fernandez became the team's top goal scorer with 48 goals in 39 games.[24]

Peru was the only South American football team to compete in the 1936 Berlin Olympics.[2] The team began the tournament well, defeating Finland 7–3. Players for Peru included Teodoro Fernández, Alejandro Villanueva, Juan Valdivieso, and Adelfo Magallanes.[25] The IFFHS considers this Peruvian side to have been "a technically excellent and strong attacking side" that had "everything to be a finalist."[26] The Peruvians next eliminated the Austrian Wunderteam, favorites to win the tournament, defeating them 4–2 in extra time. However, after the game, the Austrian team alleged that the Peruvian players had manhandled them and that Peruvian spectators, one brandishing a revolver, had invaded the pitch during overtime.[27] However, Peru - the away team - had few supporters, and the nationalities or identities of the spectators who entered the field during the regular time were never discovered.[28] Despite the lack of concrete evidence, the International Olympic Committee, presided by Jules Rimet,[29] nullified the result and ordered a re-match behind closed doors, and the Peruvian and Colombian delegations forfeited the games in protest.[27] The story was told differently by European and South American media; the exact details of the incident remain unknown.[25] Nowadays, the IFFHS is the only international football organization to condemn the actions taken against Peru in the tournament.[29]

In 1938, Peru won its first international title at the first Bolivarian Games, defeating Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.[30] In 1939, Peru won its first South American Championship (known later as the Copa América). The Peruvians defeated the Uruguayan team by 2–1 in the final,[31] after eliminating Ecuador, Chile and Paraguay. Peru became the fourth nation to become South American champions, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil.

Good games, few titles

By 1941, Peru's squad was failing to win matches.[32] In the same year, Peru and Argentina played a three-game series for the Copa Roque Saenz Peña in Lima, and Peru drew twice and lost the third match 3–0.[33] The national squad's diminishing effectiveness was most apparent during the South American Championships of the 1940s,[34] where the team's most positive performances came from goalkeeper José Soriano.[35] Peru would not win another international title until 1947, when the side won the Bolivarian Games.[30] Peru gained third place at the 1949 South American Championship, held in Brazil, after defeating Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay.[36]

In the Pan-American Championship of 1952 the Peruvians defeated Panama and Mexico, tied with Brazil and lost to Chile and Uruguay in close matches.[34] Players such as Alberto Terry, Guillermo Barbadillo, Valeriano López, Félix Castillo, and Óscar Gómez Sánchez contributed to Peru's competitive play throughout the 1950s. During 1953 and 1954, Peru won its only two titles of the decade, twice winning the Copa del Pacífico (Pacific Cup), a trophy disputed between Chile and Peru every time the two sides play.[34] In the 1955 South American Championship, Peru's national squad's campaign gained third place.[37] However, the team fared poorly at the Pan-American Championship held in Mexico, and the South American Championship in Montevideo.[34] The team made a slight recovery as the decade closed, reaching fourth place at the 1957 and 1959 South American Championships, and defeating England 4–1 in an exhibition match.[34][38][39]

During the 1960s, Peru won the Bolivarian Games in Barranquilla and qualified for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.[30] However, these would be Peru's only achievements that decade; the team did not gain a top four ranking in the 1963 South American Championship, did not qualify for the Chile and England World Cups, and was unable to regain the Copa del Pacífico.

Second golden generation

File:PeruTeam1970.png
1970 World Cup squad. Top: Pedro Gonzales, Ramon Mifflin, Héctor Chumpitaz, Luis Rubiños, Nicolás Fuentes, Orlando de la Torre. Bottom: Julio Baylon, Roberto Challe, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, Alberto Gallardo.

Peru's second golden generation period started in late 1969, when the squad qualified for the Mexico 1970 World Cup. The goals of "Cachito" Ramírez led to a draw with Argentina at a game popularly called La Bombonera in reference to the Alberto J. Armando stadium, the game's venue.[40] The squad, managed by "Didi" Pereira, followed a 4–2–4 formation that typically comprised José Fernández, Orlando de la Torre, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Nicolás Fuentes as the defenders; Ramón Mifflin and Roberto Challe as midfielders; Julio Baylón, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, and Alberto Gallardo as forwards and Luis Rubiños as the goalkeeper.[41]

During Peru's participation in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, the squad reached the quarterfinals.[6][34] Afterwards, Peru won the Copa del Pacífico, participated in the Brazil Independence Cup, and won the Copa Mariscal Sucre.[34] The squad also won their second Copa América in 1975.[42]

In 1978, Peru again qualified for the World Cup. The squad, led by Marcos Calderón, had a different (4–4–2) formation from the early 70s structure. Jaime Duarte, Héctor Chumpitaz, Rubén Díaz, and Germán Leguía were defenders; César Cueto, Percy Rojas, Teófilo Cubillas, and José Velásquez played at midfield; Juan José Muñante, Juan Carlos Oblitas, Guillermo La Rosa, and Hugo Sotil were the attackers and Ramón Quiroga the goalkeeper.[43]

Before the World Cup, the national squad defeated China and Hungary.[34] At the World Cup finals, Peru ended as group leaders,[43] but in the second round, Peru came last in their group, losing to Brazil (0–3), Poland (0–1), and to Argentina (0–6) in a controversial match that prompted allegations of fixing by Argentina's military junta.[43][44] After the tournament, the squad played some international friendly matches to prepare for the Copa América of 1979, drawing against Scotland at Glasgow (1–1) and defeating Uruguay in Lima (2–0), and ultimately reached the tournament's semifinals.

In 1981, Peru qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, defeating Uruguay - the 1980 Mundialito winners - and Colombia.[45] Under the direction of Tim, Peru won the Pacific Cup and led a European and African tour in which they defeated Hungary (2–1), France (1–0), tied Algeria (1–1), and, upon their return to Peru, defeated Romania (2–0).[34] Tim's squad was composed of a 4–4–2 formation with Jaime Duarte, Rubén Toribio Díaz, Salvador Salguero, and Jorge Olaechea in defense; César Cueto, José Velásquez, Julio César Uribe, and Teófilo Cubillas in midfield; Gerónimo Barbadillo and Juan Carlos Oblitas as forwards and Ramón Quiroga as goalkeeper.[46] In the 1982 World Cup, hosted by Spain, Peru were eliminated in the Group Stage.[46] Peru's elimination marked the end of a period when the team's "flowing football was admired across the globe."[47]

From glory to decline

See also: Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Peru national football team indiscipline scandals
Peru in the 2007 Copa América.

Peru did not qualify for the 1986 World Cup. They needed a victory against Argentina led by Diego Maradona, in order to directly qualify, but drew that match. Peru lost a play-off match against Chile. Also in 1986, Peru were invited to participate in their first Asian tournament, the Nehru Cup, held in India. In the 1987 Copa América, which was the first to feature that tournament's alphabetical host rotation system, Peru did not progress past the first round, despite drawing against hosts Argentina (1–1) and Ecuador (1–1).

On December 8, 1987, an aircraft carrying Alianza Lima's team and coaching staff crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Several victims were national team members, including midfielder José Casanova, goalkeeper José González Ganoza, forwards Luis Escobar and Alfredo Tomassini, and coach Marcos Calderón.[48] Nonetheless, in 1989 Peru attained second and third places in the Marlboro Cup and the Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989 (in Armenia, Colombia), respectively.[49][50] Peru won two games (5–1 against Venezuela in 1991, and 1–0 against Chile in 1993) in the next four Copa América editions. Moreover, the squad did not win any games in the 1990 and 1994 World Cup qualifiers, ending up last in both of their groups.

Peru's situation improved as the team attained fourth place at the 1997 Copa América, third place at the 1997 U.S. Cup,[51] and in 1998, in the newly implemented round-robin tournament, but did not qualify for the World Cup tournament due to their goal difference with Chile.[52] In 1999, the team won their first Kirin Cup in Japan, and won it again in 2005. In 2000, the team competed in the CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament with Colombia and South Korea,[53] and earned third place in the North American competition.[54] Peru reached eight place in the 2002 and 2006 Gold Cup competitions, and the quarterfinals in the 1999, 2001, 2004, and 2007 Copa América competitions.

In 2007, Peru's under 17 squad surprised the nation, qualifying and reaching the quarterfinals of the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Having been charged with corruption, Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) president Manuel Burga's re-election was made illegal by the Peruvian government and in November 2008, FIFA suspended several FPF and Peruvian Football League officials and referees. The national team was banned from participating in international competitions after allegations were made of irregularities between the FPF, the Peruvian Institute of Sports (IPD), and the Peruvian government.[55] After IPD president Arturo Woodman agreed to discuss matters and reach an agreement with the FPF, FIFA President Sepp Blatter lifted the bans and restrictions.[56] The incident prevented Peru from hosting the 2009 South American Youth Championship, which was held instead in Venezuela. With FIFA's approval, the FPF later reappointed Burga.[57]

2010 onwards

During the 2010 qualification season, concerns over corruption and indiscipline affected the national team after Peruvian journalists Jaime Bayly and Magaly Medina revealed that a series of Peru's best-known football players, including Claudio Pizarro, Andrés Mendoza, Santiago Acasiete, Paolo Guerrero, and Jefferson Farfán, were seen at nightclubs and parties days before the team's qualifier matches. Some players were banned from playing for the national team while others were put under investigation.[58][59] The national team were eliminated early in the South American qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup. The Peruvian sports press called the 2010 squad "Los Hijos de Burga" (the "Sons of Burga"), in reference to the FPF's president, who was criticized for Peru's poor performance in their qualifying campaign. The press called the squad the worst in the national team's 82-year history and called for Burga's resignation.[60][61][62] The team finished last in the qualifying tournament, winning 3 matches and gaining 13 points. In the August 2009 FIFA World Rankings, Peru reached spot 91, its lowest to 2010.

On July 2, 2010, Uruguayan Sergio Markarián took charge of the national team tasked with leading Peru in the 2011 Copa América and the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[63] His work with the squad received positive comments from Pelé,[64] and Peru won the Kirin Cup for a third time.[65] Markarián's first challenge was another indiscipline scandal; Markarián temporarily banned Reimond Manco and John Galliquio.[66] Peru achieved third place at the 2011 Copa América, even though several of the team's key players were unavailable because of injuries.[67]

FIFA World Cup record

Main article: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
File:1982-paraguay-wm-spain-1-peru.JPG
Peruvian team featured in a Paraguayan stamp of the 1982 FIFA World Cup held in Spain.

Peru has played at four FIFA World Cup finals, the first in 1930 and the last in 1982.[68] Luis de Souza Ferreira scored Peru's first World Cup goal in the 1930 match against Romania.[69] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top World Cup scorer with 10 goals in two competitions. Four managers have led Peru in the competition: Spaniard Francisco Bru (1930),[70] Brazilians Valdir Pereira (1970) and Elba de Pádua Lima (1982),[71][72] and Peruvian Marcos Calderón (1978).[73] Pereira's 1970 squad reached the quarter-finals; the team's furthest progression in the World Cup.

In 1930, Peru were eliminated in the group stage after losing to Romania (1–3) and Uruguay (0–1). During the match against Romania, Peru's Plácido Galindo became the first player to be sent off during a World Cup.[74] In 1969, Peru lost 1–2 to Bolivia in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, after which the referee, Sergio Chechelev, admitted Argentina paid him to fix the game in Bolivia's favor.[75] Peru qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup, drawing 2–2 against Argentina, preventing Argentina's World Cup qualification for the first time.[76] The 1970 team led by "Didi" Pereira beat Bulgaria 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at half-time,[77] beat Morocco (3–0), lost to Germany (1–3) and were eliminated by Brazil (2–4) in the quarterfinals.[78][79]

Peru qualified for the 1978 cup held in Argentina, and was placed in Group 4, becoming group leader after defeating Scotland (3–1) and Iran (4–1),[80][81] and drawing with the Netherlands (0–0).[82][83] In the second round, rumors circulated that Peru had been paid by the Argentine military government to play poorly and concede the goals Argentina needed to reach the final; it was further rumored that the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, who was born in Argentina. None of the allegations could be proven, and Argentina won the tournament.[84] Before the Spain 1982 World Cup came, the Peruvian squad embarked upon a successful practice tour in Europe and Africa,[34] but were eliminated after drawing against Cameroon (0–0) and Italy (1–1) and defeated by Poland (5–1).[85]

FIFA World Cup record
Year Round Position GP W D* L GS GA
Uruguay 1930 Group Stage 10th 2 0 0 2 1 4
Italy 1934 Withdrew
France 1938 Did Not Enter
Brazil 1950 Withdrew
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958 Did Not Qualify
Chile 1962
England 1966
Mexico 1970 Quarter-Final 6th 4 2 0 2 9 9
West Germany 1974 Did Not Qualify
Argentina 1978 Second Group Stage 8th 6 2 1 3 7 12
Spain 1982 Group Stage 20th 3 0 2 1 2 6
Mexico 1986 Did Not Qualify
Italy 1990
United States 1994
France 1998
South Korea Japan 2002
Germany 2006
South Africa 2010
Brazil 2014 To Be Determined
Russia 2018
Qatar 2022
Total Quarter-Final 4/19 15 4 3 8 19 31
*Denotes draws including knockout matches decided on penalty kicks.

Template:Peru FIFA World Cup Squads

Copa América record

Main article: Peru at the Copa América
Celebrations in the Estadio Nacional prior to the 2004 Copa América final held in Peru.

After joining CONMEBOL in 1925, Peru hosted the Copa América in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957, 2004; and won it in 1939 and 1975. Demetrio Neyra scored the national team's first goal in the 1927 edition held in Lima.[86] Peru's team boasted three players who scored the largest quantity of goals in the tournament, Teodoro Fernández (7 goals, 1939), Eduardo Malásquez (3 goals, 1983) and Paolo Guerrero (5 goals, 2011).[87] Teodoro Fernández in 1939 and 1941, Miguel Loayza in 1959 and Paolo Guerrero in 2011 scored hat-tricks in the competition.[88] Two managers have led Peru to tournament victories, Englishman Jack Greenwell (1939) and Peruvian Marcos Calderón (1975).

In 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa América title, defeating Ecuador 5–2, Chile 3–1, and Paraguay 3–0 to reach the final. With players Teodoro Fernández and Jorge Alcalde, Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by 2–1.[89] Peru became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil, to win the Copa América.

In 1975, Peru won the first Copa América held without a fixed venue, defeating Chile and Bolivia in the group stages, Brazil at the Mineirão by 3–1 with the goals of Enrique Casaretto and Teófilo Cubillas in the semifinals. After being randomly chosen in a CONMEBOL-sponsored lottery, ordered after Brazil defeated Peru in Lima by 0–2, thus equalizing in the amount of points between it and Brazil,[90] Peru defeated Colombia in two of three games played for the final. The squad lost the first leg of the final played in Colombia, but won the second match in Lima and a final match at Caracas. Peru's goals were scored by Juan Carlos Oblitas, Oswaldo Ramírez, and Hugo Sotil.[90]

Peru's highest non-winning place in the tournament is third place, which it achieved five times; two at home (1927 and 1935), one in Brazil (1949), one in Chile (1955), and in Argentina (2011). In 2011, Peru also obtained five LG Corp. Player of the Game awards, twice for Paolo Guerrero and Juan Manuel Vargas, and once for William Chiroque, the most awarded to a national team in the tournament.

Copa América/South American Championship
Total: 2 Titles
Year Position Year Position Year Position
1916–1926 Absent Brazil 1949 Third Place Argentina 1987 Round 1
Peru 1927 Third Place Peru 1953 Fifth Place Brazil 1989 Round 1
Argentina 1929 Fourth Place Chile 1955 Third Place Chile 1991 Round 1
Peru 1935 Third Place Uruguay 1956 Sixth Place Ecuador 1993 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1937 Sixth place Peru 1957 Fourth Place Uruguay 1995 Round 1
Peru 1939 Winners Argentina 1959 Fourth Place Bolivia 1997 Fourth Place
Chile 1941 Fourth Place Bolivia 1963 Fifth place Paraguay 1999 Quarterfinals
Uruguay 1942 Fifth place Uruguay 1967 Withdrew Colombia 2001 Quarterfinals
Chile 1945 Withdrew 1975 Winners Peru 2004 Quarterfinals
Argentina 1946 Withdrew 1979 Semifinals Venezuela 2007 Quarterfinals
Ecuador 1947 Fifth Place 1983 Semifinals Argentina 2011 Third Place

Template:Peru Copa América Champion Squads

Stadium

Main article: Estadio Nacional (Lima)
Estadio Nacional, renovated in July 24, 2011, meets FIFA's highest requirements.[91]

The Estadio Nacional (National Stadium), also known as the Coloso de José Díaz, is a 45,000-spectator stadium located in Lima that acts as the traditional home of the Peruvian team and the National Stadium of Peru.[92] The stadium, a gift from England, opened on July 18, 1897, as the Estadio Guadalupe.[93][94] The Peruvian Football League (which later became the Peruvian Football Federation) used it for the first official football tournaments, which were held in Lima. In 1921, as part of President Augusto B. Leguía's embellecimiento (beautification) program, the stadium was renovated and renamed the Estadio Nacional de Peru.[94] During the regime of General Manuel Odría, the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.[95] Under the government of Alan García, the stadium was renovated and re-inaugurated on July 24, 2011.[92]

In preparation for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, artificial turf was installed as a means of improving the stadium's aesthetic appeal; the surface was left in place after the tournament. In 2005, the stadium was one of Peru's four "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial pitches) stadiums.[96] Nonetheless, the surface received heavy criticisms from Peruvian First Division clubs, due to player injuries for which it was allegedly responsible.[97] In 2011, the artificial ground was removed as part of stadium's the renovation process. Additional improvements include a modern exterior and interior multi-colored illumination system which complies with FIFA's norms for high-definition transmissions, two giant LED screens, individual spectator seats, and 375 private suites.[91][92]

The national team occasionally selects other stadiums as its home venue. The thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco and the balmy Amazonic climate of the Estadio Max Augustín in Iquitos provide strategic advantages against certain rivals.[98] Other stadiums in Lima are sometimes used to bring the team closer to certain communities in the city, such as Alianza Lima's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva.[99] During the 2010 World Cup qualifiers, Universitario's Estadio Monumental "U" was often selected for home matches due to controversy over the National Stadium's playing surface.[97]

Uniform

Segundo Castillo Varela, former midfielder wearing the original design of 1936.

Peru's national colors are red and white.[100] The team's first uniform was made for the 1927 South American Championship; it consisted of white shorts and a shirt with vertical stripes. For the 1930 FIFA World Cup, an all-white kit with a red collar was chosen. A third uniform was made for the 1935 South American Championship; a horizontal red stripe was added. Peru's current uniform was designed for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics; a red stripe crosses the chest diagonally from the left shoulder to the hip's right.[4] In 2010, the ESPN television network named Peru's 1978 FIFA World Cup jersey as the best ever World Cup jersey, praising its simple design.[101]

Peru's uniform has been manufactured by eight separate companies. In 1978, Adidas became the first official manufacturer. During the 1980s, Peru had contracts with Brazilian company Penalty (1981–1982), Adidas (1983–1985), two deals with Calvo Sportwear (1987) and Power (1989–1991). In the 1990s, Peru contracted with Diadora (1991–1992), local manufacturer Polmer (1993–1995) and Umbro (1996–1997). It also had a long-term contract with local company Walon Sport (1998–2010). Among other designs, Walon produced the 1998 version with folkloric designs and the 2003 version that was similar to the Adidas kits.[4] From July 2010, Umbro has produced the kits for Peru. The new uniform was presented on September 4, 2010, in the friendly against Canada.[102]

  • Peru's 1927 uniform
    Peru's 1927 uniform
  • Peru's 1930 uniform
    Peru's 1930 uniform
  • Peru's 1935 uniform
    Peru's 1935 uniform
  • Peru's current uniform (1936 – present)
    Peru's current uniform (1936 – present)
  • Alternate uniform
    Alternate uniform

Rivalries

See also: Chile and Peru football rivalry

The Peruvian team has regional rivalries with Chile and Ecuador. Territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have led to a large football rivalry between Chile and Peru since the ending of the War of the Pacific. Both nations dispute the origin of the football move known as the bicycle kick.[8][103] Matches between Chile and Peru, considered by CNN (Cable News Network) to be among the top ten rivalries in the world,[103] are nicknamed the Clásico del Pacífico (Derby of the Pacific). A trophy named the Copa del Pacífico (Cup of the Pacific) is awarded whenever Chile and Peru play against each other.[3][34] Peru's rivalry with Ecuador, derived from historical border conflicts, is not as large as that with Chile, but is of competitive importance to both nations.[104]

Players

Main article: List of Peru international footballers

Current Squad

The following players were named for the Friendly Match against Panama in Panama City, and the FIFA World Cup Qualifying Games against Ecuador in Lima, Peru and Colombia in Barranquilla, Colombia. Caps and goals updated as June 11, 2013.

No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1GK Raúl Fernández (1985-10-06) October 6, 1985 (age 38) 25 0 United States Dallas
1GK Diego Penny (1984-04-22) April 22, 1984 (age 40) 12 0 Peru Sporting Cristal
1GK Salomón Libman (1984-02-25) February 25, 1984 (age 40) 6 0 Peru Universidad César Vallejo
1GK José Carvallo (1986-03-01) March 1, 1986 (age 38) 4 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
2DF Alberto Rodríguez (1984-03-31) March 31, 1984 (age 40) 47 0 Portugal Rio Ave
2DF Santiago Acasiete (1977-10-22) October 22, 1977 (age 46) 44 2 Peru Cienciano
2DF Christian Ramos (1988-11-04) November 4, 1988 (age 35) 30 0 Peru Juan Aurich
2DF Yoshimar Yotún (1990-04-07) April 7, 1990 (age 34) 28 0 Brazil Vasco da Gama
2DF Luis Advincula (1990-03-02) March 2, 1990 (age 34) 27 0 Germany Hoffenheim
2DF Carlos Zambrano (1989-07-10) July 10, 1989 (age 34) 25 2 Germany Eintracht Frankfurt
2DF Jhoel Herrera (1980-07-09) July 9, 1980 (age 43) 8 0 Peru Real Garcilaso
2DF Edwuin Gómez (1993-03-04) March 4, 1993 (age 31) 2 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes
2DF Alexander Callens (1992-05-04) May 4, 1992 (age 32) 2 0 Spain Real Sociedad B
3MF Juan Manuel Vargas (1983-10-05) October 5, 1983 (age 40) 45 4 Italy Fiorentina
3MF Carlos Lobatón (1980-02-06) February 6, 1980 (age 44) 30 1 Peru Sporting Cristal
3MF Rinaldo Cruzado (1984-09-21) September 21, 1984 (age 39) 28 2 Argentina Newell's Old Boys
3MF Luis Ramírez (1984-11-10) November 10, 1984 (age 39) 27 2 Brazil Ponte Preta
3MF Juan Carlos Mariño (1982-08-19) August 19, 1982 (age 41) 23 3 Mexico Querétaro
3MF Josepmir Ballón (1988-03-21) March 21, 1988 (age 36) 23 0 Peru Universidad San Martín
3MF Álvaro Ampuero (1992-09-25) September 25, 1992 (age 31) 8 0 Italy Parma
3MF Edwin Retamoso (1982-02-23) February 23, 1982 (age 42) 8 0 Peru Real Garcilaso
3MF Paolo Hurtado (1990-07-27) July 27, 1990 (age 33) 7 1 Portugal Paços de Ferreira
3MF Cristian Benavente (1994-05-19) 19 May 1994 (age 30) 2 1 Spain Real Madrid Castilla
3MF Alfredo Rojas (1991-05-01) May 1, 1991 (age 33) 2 0 Peru Juan Aurich
4FW Claudio Pizarro (1978-10-03) October 3, 1978 (age 45) 70 18 Germany Bayern Munich
4FW Jefferson Farfán (1984-10-26) October 26, 1984 (age 39) 62 16 Germany Schalke 04
4FW Paolo Guerrero (1984-01-01) January 1, 1984 (age 40) 47 19 Brazil Corinthians
4FW André Carrillo (1991-06-14) June 14, 1991 (age 33) 12 1 Portugal Sporting Lisbon
4FW Yordy Reyna (1993-09-17) September 17, 1993 (age 30) 4 2 Peru Alianza Lima

Recent call-ups

  • INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.
  • WD Player withdrew from the squad due to personal reason.
Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club Latest call-up
GK Carlos Cáceda (1991-09-27) September 27, 1991 (age 32) 0 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
GK Joel Pinto (1980-06-05) June 5, 1980 (age 44) 0 0 Peru Sport Huancayo vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
DF Néstor Duarte (1990-09-08) September 8, 1990 (age 33) 4 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
DF Orlando Contreras (1982-06-11) June 11, 1982 (age 42) 7 1 Peru Universidad César Vallejo vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
DF José Canova (1992-09-30) September 30, 1992 (age 31) 1 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
DF Roberto Guizasola (1984-08-21) August 21, 1984 (age 39) 10 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
DF Jesús Álvarez (1981-08-26) August 26, 1981 (age 42) 5 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Chile, March 23, 2013
DF Rafael Farfán (1975-12-28) December 28, 1975 (age 48) 2 0 Peru Sport Huancayo vs  Chile, March 23, 2013
DF Renzo Revoredo (1986-05-11) May 11, 1986 (age 38) 20 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Trinidad and Tobago, February 6, 2013
DF Aurelio Saco Vértiz (1989-05-30) May 30, 1989 (age 35) 0 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Trinidad and Tobago, February 6, 2013
DF Werner Schuler (1990-07-27) July 27, 1990 (age 33) 1 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
DF Jean Pierre Cáncar (1987-07-08) July 8, 1987 (age 36) 0 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
DF John Galliquio (1979-12-01) December 1, 1979 (age 44) 41 1 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Argentina, September 11, 2012
MF Christofer Gonzáles (1992-10-12) October 12, 1992 (age 31) 2 1 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Josimar Vargas (1990-04-06) April 6, 1990 (age 34) 1 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Luis García (1988-06-05) June 5, 1988 (age 36) 2 0 Peru Unión Comercio vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Paulo Albarracín (1989-11-30) November 30, 1989 (age 34) 2 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Michael Guevara (1984-06-10) June 10, 1984 (age 40) 15 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Jair Céspedes (1984-05-22) May 22, 1984 (age 40) 3 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
MF Christian Cueva (1991-11-23) November 23, 1991 (age 32) 6 0 Chile Unión Española vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
MF Juan Morales (1989-03-06) March 6, 1989 (age 35) 2 0 Peru Universidad César Vallejo vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
MF Osnar Noronha (1991-12-17) December 17, 1991 (age 32) 1 0 Peru Juan Aurich vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
MF Joel Sánchez (1989-06-11) June 11, 1989 (age 35) 2 0 Peru Universidad San Martín vs  Paraguay, October 16, 2012
MF Juan Cominges (1983-10-01) October 1, 1983 (age 40) 14 0 Brazil Guarani vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
MF Julio Edson Uribe (1982-05-09) May 9, 1982 (age 42) 2 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
MF Cristian García (1981-03-02) March 2, 1981 (age 43) 0 0 Peru Cienciano vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
FW Irven Avila (1990-07-02) July 2, 1990 (age 33) 8 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Panama, June 1, 2013
FW Raúl Ruidíaz (1990-07-25) July 25, 1990 (age 33) 8 0 Peru Universitario de Deportes vs  Mexico, April 17, 2013
FW Daniel Chávez (1988-01-08) January 8, 1988 (age 36) 13 0 Peru Universidad César Vallejo vs  Trinidad and Tobago, March 26, 2013
FW Junior Ross (1986-02-19) February 19, 1986 (age 38) 12 0 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Trinidad and Tobago, February 6, 2013
FW Jhonny Vidales (1992-04-22) April 22, 1992 (age 32) 1 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Honduras, November 14, 2012
FW William Chiroque (1980-03-10) March 10, 1980 (age 44) 18 1 Peru Sporting Cristal vs  Paraguay, October 16, 2012
FW Wilmer Aguirre (1983-05-10) May 10, 1983 (age 41) 8 0 Peru Alianza Lima vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012
FW Andy Pando (1983-07-28) July 28, 1983 (age 40) 0 0 Spain Las Palmas vs  Bolivia, October 12, 2012

Managers

File:Sergiomarkarian.jpg
Sergio Markarián, actual coach of Peru national football team
Main article: List of managers of the Peru national football team

Peru's first manager, Uruguayan Pedro Olivieri, was appointed for the 1927 South American Championship held in Peru. Its first victory in the continental tournament was attained in 1939 under the management of Englishman Jack Greenwell, who also led the national squad to their first international title during the Bolivarian Games of 1938. When the South American Championship was renamed Copa América in 1975, Peruvian Marcos Calderón managed la Blanquirroja to its last, to date, continental title.

During its first World Cup appearance (1930), Peru was managed by Spaniard Francisco Bru.[70] Other World Cup managers include Brazilian Valdir Pereira (1970),[71] Marcos Calderón (1978),[73] and Brazilian Elba de Pádua Lima (1982).[72] Both Pereira and Calderón progressed past the first round of the competition but, to date, Pereira's quarterfinal finish is Peru's best World Cup participation.

In the Kirin Cup invitational tournament, Peru has obtained three titles under separate management. The first was obtained in 1999 under Colombian manager Francisco Maturana, the second in 2005 under Peruvian Freddy Ternero, and the third in 2011 under Uruguayan Sergio Markarián.

Records and Fixtures

Main articles: Peru national football team records and Peru national football team results

Caps and goals updated as March 26, 2013.

Player records

Most appearances

# Name Career Caps Goals
1. Roberto Palacios 1992–2009 128 19
2. Héctor Chumpitaz 1965–1981 105 3
3. Jorge Soto 1992–2005 101 9
4. Juan José Jayo 1994–2008 97 1
5. Rubén Toribio Díaz 1972–1985 89 2
Nolberto Solano 1994–2008 89 20
7. Juan Reynoso 1986–2000 84 5
8. Percy Olivares 1987–2001 83 1
9. José Velásquez 1972–1985 82 12
10. Teófilo Cubillas 1968–1982 81 26
  • bold = active

Top goalscorers

# Name Career Goals Caps
1. Teófilo Cubillas 1968–1982 26 81
2. Teodoro Fernández 1935–1947 24 32
3. Nolberto Solano 1994–2008 20 89
4. Paolo Guerrero 2004– 19 47
Roberto Palacios 1992–2009 19 128
6. Hugo Sotil 1970–1978 18 62
Claudio Pizarro 1999- 18 70
8. Oswaldo Ramirez 1969–1982 17 57
9. Franco Navarro 1980–1989 16 56
Jefferson Farfán 2003- 16 62
  • bold = active
File:Seminario Goal.png
Juan Seminario scores one of his three goals against England in the match Peru won by 4–1.

Peru has played 525 official matches, including friendlies, since 1927. Among the notable matches were a 4–2 victory over Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics before being disqualified from this tournament, a surprising 4–1 victory over England in a friendly game in 1959, the 1964 Lima football riot at a qualification match for the 1964 Olympics and the 0-6 defeat against Argentine in the second round of the 1978 World Cup after outstanding results in the first round, a match that still feeds speculations.[34][105] According to CONMEBOL, Peruvian teams play with much technique and elegance, generally making them one of the finest exponents of South American football.[106] Peru has a good performance record against Asian, African, Caribbean, and Central American teams. [107] The highest scoring victory achieved by the Peruvian squad is a 9–1 score against Ecuador in the inaugural Bolivarian Games. The team's biggest defeat occurred in the 1997 Copa América, when Brazil defeated Peru by 7–0.[34] Peru was the first team to receive a FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded in the 1970 FIFA World Cup, Peru being the only team that received no yellow or red cards in their games.[108]

Roberto Palacios has the most appearances with the national team, having played 122 times between 1992 and 2007. Héctor Chumpitaz, with 105 appearances is second and Jorge Soto, with 101 appearances is third. For goalkeepers, Oscar Ibañez holds the most appearances with 50 caps, followed by Miguel Miranda (47 caps) and Ramón Quiroga (40 caps).[109] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top goalscorer with 26 goals in 81 appearances. Teodoro Fernández is second, but holds a higher goal per appearance average with 24 goals in 32 appearances. In third place is Nolberto Solano, who has 20 goals in 89 appearances.[109] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest goal during a match against Mexico on August 20, 2003; Pizarro also scored the second fastest goal and Luis Ramírez the third.[110]

Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández, and Juan Valdivieso were part of the Combinado del Pacífico that toured Europe from 1933 to 1934 and ended with 13 games won, 13 tied, and 13 lost; Fernández was top scorer with 48 goals.[23] Hugo Sotil, Héctor Chumpitaz, and Teófilo Cubillas were selected from the Peruvian football team to join the starting line-up of the South America XI that played against the Europe XI in 1973 at the Nou Camp of FC Barcelona. Sotil scored South America's second goal, and Chumpitaz's goal evened the score (4–4); South America beat Europe 7–6 in the penalty rounds.[111]

2012

29 February Friendly Tunisia  1 – 1  Peru Tunis, Tunisia
Yahia 45' Pizarro 45+2' (pen.) Stadium: Stade El Menzah
21 March 2012 Copa del Pacífico Chile  3 – 1  Peru Arica, Chile
22:00 UTC-3 Paredes 5'
Andía 43'
Mena 87'		 Galliquio 21' Stadium: Estadio Carlos Dittborn
Attendance: 12,000
11 April 2012 Copa del Pacífico Peru  0 – 3  Chile Tacna, Peru
23 May Friendly Peru  1 – 0  Nigeria Lima, Peru
Guerrero 36' Stadium: Estadio Nacional
3 June 2014 W.C. Q Peru  0 – 1  Colombia Lima, Peru
Stadium: Estadio Nacional
10 June 2014 W.C. Q Uruguay  4 – 2  Peru Montevideo, Uruguay
Stadium: Estadio Centenario
15 August Friendly Costa Rica  0 - 1  Peru San José, Costa Rica
Carrillo 7' Stadium: Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica
7 September 2014 W.C. Q Peru  2 - 1  Venezuela Lima, Peru
20:25 UTC−5 Farfán 47', 59' Report Arango 43' Stadium: Estadio Nacional
Referee: Martín Vázquez (Uruguay)
11 September 2014 W.C. Q Peru  1 - 1  Argentina Lima, Peru
Zambrano 22' Report Higuaín 38' Stadium: Estadio Nacional
Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)
12 October 2014 W.C. Q Bolivia  1 - 1  Peru La Paz, Bolivia
Stadium: Estadio Hernando Siles
16 October 2014 W.C. Q Paraguay  1 - 0  Peru Asunción, Paraguay
Stadium: Estadio Defensores del Chaco
14 November Friendly Honduras  0 - 0  Peru Houston, United States
Stadium: BBVA Compass Stadium

2013

6 February Friendly Trinidad and Tobago  0 - 2  Peru Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
20:00 Pizarro 29'
Cruzado 88'		 Stadium: Ato Boldon Stadium
22 March 2014 W.C. Q Peru  1 - 0  Chile Lima, Peru
21:10 Farfán 87' Stadium: Estadio Nacional
26 March Friendly Peru  3 - 0  Trinidad and Tobago Lima, Peru
21:10 Reyna 39'
Hurtado 80'
Gonzáles 83'		 Stadium: Estadio Nacional
17 April Friendly Mexico  0 - 0  Peru Candlestick Park, San Francisco, United States
20:00
1 June Friendly Panama  1 - 2  Peru Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City
15:00 Blackburn 73' Reyna 50'
Benavente 84'
07 June 2014 W.C. Q Peru  1 - 0  Ecuador Lima, Peru
21:00 Pizarro 11' Stadium: Estadio Nacional
11 June 2014 W.C. Q Colombia  2 – 0  Peru Barranquilla, Colombia
15:00 Falcao 13' (pen.)
Gutiérrez 45'		 Stadium: Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez

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Bibliography

External links

Achievements
Preceded by
Inaugural Champions
 Bolivarian Champions
1938 (First title)
1947–48 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1939 (First title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1961 (Third title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1973 (Fourth title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by South American Champions
1975 (Second title) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bolivarian Champions
1981 (Fifth title) 		Succeeded by
U-20 Tournaments
Preceded by
1998 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
1999 (First title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2000 Slovakia 
Preceded by
2004 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2005 (Second title, shared) 		Succeeded by
2006 Scotland 
Preceded by
2009 Japan 
 Kirin Cup Champions
2011 (Third title, shared) 		Succeeded by
Current holders

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peru_national_football_team&diff=prev&oldid=559491916

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