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{{Short description|Men's national association football team representing Peru}} |
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{{About|the men's team|the women's team|Peru women's national football team}} |
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| Name = Peru | |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} |
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| Badge = Peru FA.png| |
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{{Use British English|date=November 2019}} |
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| Badge_size = 130px| |
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{{Infobox national football team |
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| FIFA Trigramme = PER | |
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| Name = Peru |
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| Nickname = ''La Blanquirroja''<br />''La Rojiblanca'' (The White and Red One)| |
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| Badge = Fpf-logo.svg |
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| Association = [[Peruvian Football Federation]] | |
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| Badge_size = 155px |
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| Confederation = [[CONMEBOL]] ([[South America]]) | |
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| Nickname = ''La Bicolor''<br />(The Bicolour)<br />''La Blanquirroja''<br />(The White and Red)<br />''La Rojiblanca''<br />(The Red and White)<br />''Los Incas''<br />(The [[Inca Empire|Incas]]) |
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| Coach = [[Sergio Markarian]]| |
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| Association = [[Peruvian Football Federation]] (FPF) |
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| Captain = [[Juan Manuel Vargas]]| |
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| Confederation = [[CONMEBOL]]<br />(South America) |
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| Most caps = [[Roberto Palacios]] (122) | |
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| website = [https://fpf.org.pe/ fpf.pe] |
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| Top scorer = [[Teófilo Cubillas]] (26)<ref>{{cite web | title=Goalscoring for Peru National Team| publisher=José Luis Pierrend | url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html#goals| accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref> | |
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| Coach = [[Jorge Fossati]]<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=VarskySports|title=Jorge Fossati 🇺🇾 es el nuevo DT de la Selección de Perú 🇵🇪.|url=https://twitter.com/VarskySports/status/1735036997939478883|number=1735036997939478883|date=December 13, 2023|access-date=December 14, 2023|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214073248/https://twitter.com/VarskySports/status/1735036997939478883|archive-date=December 14, 2023}}</ref> |
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| Home Stadium = [[Estadio Nacional (Lima)|Estadio Nacional]] | |
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| Captain = [[Paolo Guerrero]] |
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| FIFA Rank = 25<ref name="FIFA Peru" /> | |
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| Most caps = [[Roberto Palacios]] (128)<br />[[Yoshimar Yotún]] (128) |
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| 1st ranking date = August 1993 | |
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| Top scorer = [[Paolo Guerrero]] ([[List of international goals scored by Paolo Guerrero|39]]) |
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| FIFA max = 25 | |
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| FIFA |
| FIFA Trigramme = PER |
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| Home Stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú|Estadio Nacional]] |
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| FIFA min = 91 | |
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| FIFA |
| FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|PER}} |
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| FIFA max = 10 |
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| FIFA max date = October 2017 |
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| FIFA min = 91 |
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| FIFA min date = September 2009 |
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| Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Peru}} |
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| Elo min date = May 1994| |
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| Elo max = 10 |
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| pattern_la1 = _peru11h| pattern_b1 = _peru11h| pattern_ra1 = _peru11h|| pattern_sh1 = _peru11h| pattern_so1 = _peru11h| pattern_ra1 = _peru11h| leftarm1 = FFFFFF| body1 = FFFFFF| rightarm1 = FFFFFF| shorts1 = FFFFFF| socks1 = FFFFFF| pattern_la2 = _peru11a| pattern_b2 = _peru11a| pattern_ra2 = _peru11a|| pattern_sh2 = _peru11a| pattern_so2 = _peru11a| pattern_ra2 = _peru11a| leftarm2 = FF0000| body2 = FF0000| rightarm2 = FF0000| shorts2 = FF0000| socks2 = FF0000 |
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| Elo max date = 23 March – 9 June 2018 |
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|pattern_la3=_whiteborder|pattern_b3=_peru11alt|pattern_ra3=_whiteborder|pattern_so3=_peru11a|leftarm3=FF0000|body3=FF0000|rightarm3=FF0000|shorts3=FF0000|socks3=FF0000| |
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| Elo min = 72 |
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| First game = {{flagicon|Peru|1825}} '''Peru''' 0–4 {{fb-rt|Uruguay}}<br />([[Lima, Peru|Lima]], [[Peru]]; November 1, 1927) | |
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| Elo min date = 7 June 2009 |
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| Largest win = {{flagicon|Peru|1825}} '''Peru''' 9–1 {{fb-rt|Ecuador}}<br />([[Bogotá, Colombia]]; August 11, 1938)| |
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| pattern_la1 = _per24h |
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| Largest loss = {{fb|Brazil}} 7–0 '''Peru''' {{Flagicon|Peru}}<br />([[Santa Cruz, Bolivia]]; June 26, 1997)| |
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| pattern_b1 = _per24h |
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| World cup apps = 4 | |
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| pattern_ra1 = _per24h |
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| World cup first = 1930 | |
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| pattern_sh1 = _per24h |
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| World cup best = Quarterfinals, [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]] | |
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| leftarm1 = FFFFFF |
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| Regional name = [[Copa América]] | |
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| body1 = FFFFFF |
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| Regional cup apps = 34 | |
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| rightarm1 = FFFFFF |
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| Regional cup first = [[South American Championship 1927|1927]] | |
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| shorts1 = FFFFFF |
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| Regional cup best = Winners, [[South American Championship 1939|1939]] and [[Copa América 1975|1975]] |
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| |
| socks1 = FFFFFF |
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| |
| pattern_la2 = _per24a |
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| pattern_b2 = _per24a |
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|2ndRegional cup first = [[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2000]] |
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| pattern_ra2 = _per24a |
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|2ndRegional cup best = Third (shared), [[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2000]] |
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| pattern_sh2 = _per24a |
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| medaltemplates = |
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| leftarm2 = 000000 |
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{{MedalSport | [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Games]]}} |
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| body2 = 000000 |
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{{MedalGold | '''1938 Bogotá''' | NA}} |
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| rightarm2 = 000000 |
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{{MedalGold | '''1947–48 Lima''' | NA}} |
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| shorts2 = 000000 |
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{{MedalBronze | '''1951 Caracas''' | NA}} |
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| socks2 = 000000 |
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{{MedalGold | '''1961 Barranquilla''' | NA}} |
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| First game = {{fb|PER|1825}} 0–4 {{fb-rt|URU}}<br />([[Lima]], [[Peru]]; 1 November 1927) |
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{{MedalGold | '''1973 Panama City''' | NA}} |
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| Largest win = {{fb|PER|1825}} 9–1 {{fb-rt|ECU|1900}}<br />([[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]]; 11 August 1938) |
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{{MedalBronze | '''1977 La Paz''' | NA}} |
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| Largest loss = {{fb|PER}} 0–7 {{fb-rt|BRA}}<br />{{nowrap|([[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]], [[Bolivia]]; 26 June 1997)}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''1981 Barquisimeto''' | NA}} |
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| World cup apps = 5 |
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{{MedalSport | [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]}} |
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| World cup first = 1930 |
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{{MedalBronze | '''[[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2000 Gold Cup]]''' | NA}} |
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| World cup best = Quarter-finals ([[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]], [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]]) |
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{{MedalSport | [[Copa Centenario de Armenia]]}} |
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| Regional name = [[Copa América]] |
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| Regional cup apps = 33 |
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| Regional cup first = [[1927 South American Championship|1927]] |
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| Regional cup best = '''Champions''' ([[1939 South American Championship|1939]], [[1975 Copa América|1975]]) |
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| 2ndRegional name = [[Panamerican Championship]] |
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| 2ndRegional cup apps = 2 |
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| 2ndRegional cup first = [[1952 Panamerican Championship|1952]] |
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| 2ndRegional cup best = Fourth place ([[1952 Panamerican Championship|1952]], [[1956 Panamerican Championship|1956]]) |
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| 3rdRegional name = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]] |
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| 3rdRegional cup apps = 1 |
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| 3rdRegional cup first = [[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2000]] |
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| 3rdRegional cup best = Semi-finals ([[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|2000]]) |
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| medaltemplates = |
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{{MedalCompetition | [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Games]]}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''[[Football at the 1938 Bolivarian Games|1938 Bogotá]]''' | Team}} |
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{{MedalCompetition | [[Copa Centenario de Armenia]]}} |
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{{MedalBronze | '''1989 Armenia''' | NA}} |
{{MedalBronze | '''1989 Armenia''' | NA}} |
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{{ |
{{MedalCompetition | [[Kirin Cup]]}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''1999 Japan''' | NA}} |
{{MedalGold | '''1999 Japan''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''2005 Japan''' | NA}} |
{{MedalGold | '''2005 Japan''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''2011 Japan''' | NA}} |
{{MedalGold | '''2011 Japan''' | NA}} |
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{{ |
{{MedalCompetition | [[Marlboro Cup (soccer)|Marlboro Cup]]}} |
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{{MedalSilver | '''1989 New York''' | NA}} |
{{MedalSilver | '''1989 New York''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalCompetition | [[U.S. Cup|United States Cup]]}} |
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{{MedalSport | Men’s [[CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament|Pre-Olympic Football]]}} |
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{{MedalSilver | '''1960 Peru''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalBronze | '''1964 Peru''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalBronze | '''1980 Colombia''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalSport | [[U.S. Cup|Nike United States Cup]]}} |
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{{MedalBronze | '''[[1997 U.S. Cup]]''' | NA}} |
{{MedalBronze | '''[[1997 U.S. Cup]]''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalCompetition | [[Kirin Cup]]}} |
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}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''[[1999 Kirin Cup]]''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''[[2005 Kirin Cup]]''' | NA}} |
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{{MedalGold | '''[[2011 Kirin Cup]]''' | NA}} |
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|4thRegional cup apps=11|4thRegional name=[[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Games]]|4thRegional cup first=[[Football at the 1938 Bolivarian Games|1938]]|4thRegional cup best='''Champions''' ([[1951 Bolivarian Games|1938, 1947, 1961, 1973, 1977, 1981, 2001]])}} |
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The '''Peru national football team''' represents [[Peru]] in |
The '''Peru national football team''' represents [[Peru]] in men's international [[Association football|football]]. The national team has been organised, since 1927, by the [[Peruvian Football Federation]] (FPF).{{efn-ua|The acronym FPF comes from the organisation's Spanish name, ''Federación Peruana de Fútbol''.}} The FPF constitutes one of the ten members of [[FIFA]]'s South American Football Confederation ([[CONMEBOL]]). Peru has won the [[Copa América]] [[Peru at the Copa América|twice]], and has qualified for the [[FIFA World Cup]] [[Peru at the FIFA World Cup|five times]] (last appearing in [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]); the team also participated in the [[Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Olympic football competition]] and has reached the [[Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup|semi-finals]] of the [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]. The team plays most of its home matches at the [[Estadio Nacional del Perú|Estadio Nacional]] in [[Lima]], the country's capital. |
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The team wears distinctive white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe, which combine [[Flag of Peru|Peru's national colours]]. This basic design has been used continuously since 1936, and gives rise to the team's common Spanish nickname, ''la Blanquirroja'' ("the white-and-red").<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Blanquiroja''"/> Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ''¡Arriba Perú!'' ("Onward Peru!") and large celebrations.{{sfn|Foley Gambetta|1983|p=12}} Peru has a longstanding rivalry [[Chile–Peru football rivalry|with Chile]].<ref name="Chile Peru rivalry">{{cite news | title=A derby and a debut in South America | publisher=FIFA | url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2011/m=10/news=derby-and-debut-south-america-1524489.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626231323/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2011/m=10/news=derby-and-debut-south-america-1524489.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=26 June 2015 | date= 10 October 2011 | access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> |
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Founded in [[1927 in association football|1927]], the team plays its home matches primarily at the [[Estadio Nacional (Lima)|Estadio Nacional]] in [[Lima, Peru|Lima]]. The team is a reflection of the [[multicultural]] society of Peru.<ref>Thorndike, p. 158</ref> Peru has won the [[Copa América]] on [[Peru at the Copa América|two occasions]], and qualified for [[Peru at the FIFA World Cup|four FIFA World Cups]] and [[Peru at the Olympics|two Olympic tournaments]]; it has gone as far as the quarterfinal stage in both tournaments. Peru's traditional footballing [[Chile and Peru football rivalry|rival]] is [[Chile national football team|Chile]],<ref name="The Star">{{cite web | title=High Alert for Chile-Peru Qualifier| publisher=thestar.com.my | url=http://thestar.com.my/sports/story.asp?file=/2007/10/17/sports/19188779&sec=sports| accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref> but the team also has a prominent rivalry with neighboring [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]].<ref name="PERÚ RUMBO AL MUNDIAL"/> |
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The Peru national team enjoyed its most successful periods thanks to footballing generations from the 1930s and the 1970s.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=349}} The 1930s generation led Peru at the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and won the [[1938 Bolivarian Games]] and the [[1939 South American Championship|1939 Copa América]], with goalkeeper [[Juan Valdivieso]] and forwards [[Teodoro Fernández]] and [[Alejandro Villanueva]] playing important roles. The 1970s generation qualified Peru for three World Cups and won the [[1975 Copa América|Copa América in 1975]]; the team then notably included defender [[Héctor Chumpitaz]] and the forward partnership of [[Hugo Sotil]] and [[Teófilo Cubillas]]. |
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The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent, although it is considered to have had two golden eras in football history (the 1930s and 1970s).<ref name="Witzig">Witzig, p. 349</ref> The side's early years saw [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] participations and victories in the [[1938 Bolivarian Games]] and the [[South American Championship 1939|1939 Copa América]], led by football legends [[Juan Valdivieso]], [[Alejandro Villanueva]], and [[Teodoro Fernández]].<ref name="Witzig"/> Its 1950s side, which included [[Alberto Terry]] and [[Valeriano López]], was considered to be among [[Strongest football nations by Elo Ratings|the top 20 strongest footballing nations of the decade]], despite not winning any major tournaments.<ref name="Eloratings">{{cite web | title=World Football Elo Ratings: Peru| publisher=Eloratings.net| url=http://www.eloratings.net/Peru.htm| accessdate=2009-03-11}}</ref> The golden generation of Peruvian football in the 1970s brought Peru back into the world view, with players such as [[Héctor Chumpitaz]], [[Hugo Sotil]], and [[Teófilo Cubillas]] leading to the belief that a new footballing powerhouse had emerged.<ref name="FIFA Peru">{{cite web|title=Peru|publisher=FIFA.com | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/teams/team=43929/index.html | accessdate=2007-10-20}}</ref><ref name="BBC Sport">{{cite web | title=The slide of Peruvian football| publisher=Bbc.co.uk|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/timvickery/2008/11/the_slide_of_peruvian_football.html| accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> This team qualified Peru for three FIFA World Cups, and won the [[Copa America 1975|Copa América in 1975]]. |
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The national team's all-time top goalscorer is [[Paolo Guerrero]], with 39 goals, and its two joint most-[[Cap (sport)|capped]] players are [[Roberto Palacios]] and [[Yoshimar Yotún]], both with 128 appearances.<ref name="Peru player record">{{cite web|author=José Luis Pierrend |title=Peru – Record International Players |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=24 June 2018 |url-status=live |website=[[RSSSF]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619112949/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html |archive-date=19 June 2018 }}</ref> Since December 2023, Peru is managed by the Uruguayan [[Jorge Fossati]]. |
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Peru's [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982 World Cup]] participation was its last to date: the national team has not seen a major tournament victory or World Cup participation in over 27 years. The team was temporarily suspended from international participation by FIFA in late 2008 due to allegations of corruption between government sport authorities and the FPF. Peru has currently appointed Uruguayan [[Sergio Markarián]] as its head coach with looks of a successful participation in the [[2011 Copa America]] and qualification to the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]]. |
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==History== |
== History == |
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{{main|History of the Peru national football team}} |
{{main|History of the Peru national football team}} |
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During the 19th century, [[British Peruvian|British immigrants]] and Peruvians returning from England introduced football to Peru.<ref name=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe>{{cite web |author=Gerardo Tomas Álvarez Escalona |url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/Tesis/Human/Alvarez_E_T/Cap2.htm |language=es |title=La difusión del fútbol en Lima |access-date=28 June 2013 |publisher=[[National University of San Marcos]]}}</ref> In 1859, members of the British community in the country's capital founded the [[Lima Cricket and Football Club|Lima Cricket Club]], Peru's first organisation dedicated to the practice of cricket, rugby, and football.{{efn-ua|The Lima Cricket and Football Club might be the [[Oldest football clubs|oldest club]] in [[the Americas]] that today plays association football.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://peru.com/futbol/local/sabias-que-peru-tiene-club-futbol-mas-antiguo-america-fotos-noticia-141992-541382|language=es|title=¿Sabías que Perú tiene el club de fútbol más antiguo de América?|access-date=28 June 2013|work=Perú.com|publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617043143/https://peru.com/futbol/local/sabias-que-peru-tiene-club-futbol-mas-antiguo-america-fotos-noticia-141992-541382|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}{{sfn|Higgins|2005|p=130}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Eli Schmerler and Carlos Manuel Nieto Tarazona |title=Peru – Foundation Dates of Clubs |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/perufound.html |date=14 March 2013 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> These new sports became popular among the local upper-class over the following decades, but early developments stopped due to the [[War of the Pacific]] that Peru fought against [[Chile]] from 1879 to 1883. After the war, Peru's coastal society embraced football as a modern innovation.<ref>{{cite web |author=Juan Luis Orrego Penagos |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/juanluisorrego/2008/10/18/la-historia-del-futbol-en-el-peru/|language=es |title=La historia del fútbol en el Perú |date=18 October 2008 |access-date=4 July 2015 |publisher=[[Pontifical Catholic University of Peru]] (PUCP)}}</ref> In Lima's ''[[barrio]]s'', football became a popular daily activity, encouraged by bosses who wanted it to inspire solidarity and productivity among their workers.{{sfn|Jacobsen|2008|p=378}} In the adjacent port of [[Callao]] and other commercial areas, British civilian workers and sailors played the sport among themselves and with locals.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=571}}{{efn-ua|During these games in Callao, the Peruvians possibly invented the [[bicycle kick]], which is known in Peru as the ''chalaca'' (meaning "from Callao").{{sfn|DK Publishing|2011|p=100}}}} Sports rivalries between locals and foreigners arose in Callao, and between elites and workers in Lima—as foreigners departed, this became a rivalry between Callao and Lima.<ref name="sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe" /><ref>See: |
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===Beginnings=== |
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* {{harvnb|Goldblatt|2008|pp=135–136}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Stein|2011|pp=3–4}}.</ref> These factors, coupled with the sport's rapid growth among the urban poor of Lima's [[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]] district (where, in 1901, the [[Alianza Lima]] club formed), led to Peru developing the [[Andes|Andean region]]'s strongest footballing culture,{{sfn|Goldblatt|2008|p=135}} and, according to historian Andreas Campomar, "some of the most elegant and accomplished football on the continent".{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=153}} |
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[[File:Peru national football team parading in 1927 South American Championship.png|thumb|left|alt=Photo of ten men, running and carrying a large flag, inside a stadium|Peru's debut at the [[1927 South American Championship]] in Lima.]] |
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[[Association Football|Football]] was brought to Peru by [[England|English]] sailors in the late 19th century during their frequent visits to [[Callao]], which was then an important port of the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>Roel, p. 124</ref> During their free time, the English sailors played football and invited the local ''Chalacos'' (people from Callao) to participate. Allegedly, it was during these early games that the creation of the popular move known as the ''chalaca'' (short for "Chalacan Strike"), or [[bicycle kick]], took place.<ref name= "El Periodico de Mexico">{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicodemexico.com/nota.php?sec=Deportes&id=55799|title=¿Chilena o chalaca?... esa es la cuestión|accessdate=2008-01-16 |work=Elperiodicodemexico.com}}</ref> By the 1890s, British sporting clubs in the Peruvian capital such as [[Lima Cricket and Football Club|Lima Cricket]] and [[Club Lawn Tennis de la Exposicion|Lawn Tennis]] were already playing football.<ref name="Goldblatt">Goldblatt, p. 135</ref> Football in Peru grew thanks to its practice by British residents and by Peruvians returning from England.<ref name=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe>{{es icon}} {{cite web |url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/Tesis/Human/Alvarez_E_T/Cap2.htm|title=La difusión del fútbol en Lima.|accessdate=2008-08-12 |publisher=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe}}</ref> |
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The [[Peruvian Primera División|Peruvian Football League]], founded in 1912, held annual competitions until it disbanded in 1921 amid disputes amongst its clubs.{{sfn|Murray|1994|p=127}} The Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), formed in 1922, reorganised the annual tournament in 1926.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fpf.org.pe/|title=Historia|access-date=28 June 2013|publisher=FPF |language=es}}</ref> The FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925 and, after restructuring its finances, formed the Peru national football team in 1927.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''La Seleccion...''">{{cite web | author=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora | title=La Selección Peruana de 1924| publisher=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal| url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-seleccin-peruana-de-1924.html | date=23 October 2007 |access-date=28 June 2013|language=es}}</ref> The team debuted in the [[1927 South American Championship]], hosted by the FPF at Lima's Estadio Nacional.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=571}} Peru lost 0–4 against [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] in its first match, and won 3–2 over [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]] in its second.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''"/> Peru did not advance beyond the first stage of the inaugural [[1930 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]] in 1930.{{sfn|Basadre|1964|pp=4672–4673}} |
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The 1930s were the team's first [[Golden generation|golden era]],{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=349}} when they improved their game through play with more experienced teams.{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=153}} The ''Combinado del Pacífico'' (a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers) toured Europe from 1933 to 1934.{{efn-ua|The European press also named them the "Peru-Chile XI", the "South American Team", and the "All-Pacific". Most players were from Peru's [[Universitario de Deportes]], with reinforcements from Alianza Lima, [[Atlético Chalaco]], and Chile's [[Colo-Colo]].{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=153}}}}{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=153}} Starting with [[Ciclista Lima Association|Ciclista Lima]] in 1926, Peru's football clubs toured [[Latin America]] with much success.{{sfn|Basadre|1964|pp=4671–4673}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dechalaca.com/informes/curiosidades/rayas-historicas |title=Rayas históricas |first=Iván |last=Carpio |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=3 March 2015 |publisher=DeChalaca |language=es}}</ref> During one of these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in 1935—emerged the ''[[Rodillo Negro]]'' ("Black Roller"), a skillful group led by forwards Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso.<ref>See: |
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The growing [[sports rivalry]] between foreign visitors and local Chalacos soon gained the attention of Peruvians outside the port.<ref name="sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe" /> Football was originally played outside of formal organizations, such as sport clubs or leagues, but the early 20th century saw the birth of clubs which continued the sport's practice.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.clublimacricket.com/futbol.htm|title=Lima Cricket & Football Club|accessdate=2008-08-12 |publisher=clublimacricket.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/perufound.html|title=Peru-Foundation Dates of Clubs|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=rsssf.com }}</ref> In the 1900s, the construction of the [[Panama Canal]] limited the flow of foreign sailors and travelers into Callao, minimizing the port's influence as a center of [[cultural diffusion]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma03/holmgren/ppie/pc.html|title=The Panama Canal|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=xroads.virginia.edu}}</ref> By then, football clubs and leagues had sprouted in other Peruvian cities, including [[Lima]], [[Cusco]], and [[Arequipa]].<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.clubalianzalima.com/pages/hist1901.asp|title=Historia Blanquiazul 1901–1920|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=Clubalianzalima.com }}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.elcienciano.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=91|title=Origines de Cienciano|accessdate=2008-03-17|publisher=elcienciano.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.fbcmelgaraqp.com/entrada1pp.htm|title=Inicios de FBC Melgar|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=fbcmelgaraqp.com }}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bolognesifc.com.pe/historia.php|title=Historia del Club|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=Bolognesifc.com }}</ref> Peru's most important amateur league, the capital province's "Peruvian Football League," housed the growing rivalry between Callao clubs and those from the nearby capital of Lima.<ref name="Goldblatt"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peruhist.html|title=Peru-List of Final Tables|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=rsssf.com }}</ref> The lack of a centralized organization led to constant conflicts between the teams, and one such conflict resulted in the creation of the [[Peruvian Football Federation]] in [[1922 in association football|1922]], along with a new [[Primera División Peruana|Peruvian Football League]] tournament under the regulation of said organization in [[1926 in association football|1926]].<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://fpf.org.pe/|title=Historia|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=fpf.org.pe}}</ref> |
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* {{harvnb|Basadre|1964|pp=4671–4673}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Miró|1958|p=66}}.</ref> Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=349}} Peru and the ''Rodillo Negro'' impressed at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the [[Football at the 1938 Bolivarian Games|inaugural Bolivarian Games]] in 1938, and finished the decade as South American champions.{{sfn|Thorndike|1978|p=158}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Waldemar |last=Iglesias |title=Cuando Perú Humilló a Hitler |work=Clarín|url=http://www.clarin.com/mision-olimpica/biPlaneta-RedondobibrCuando-Peru-humillo-Hitler_0_746925486.html |date=31 July 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013 |language=es| publisher=Grupo Clarín}}</ref> |
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Historian David Goldblatt assessed the decline of its previous success: "despite all the apparent preconditions for footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared".{{sfn|Goldblatt|2008|p=642}} He attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of "social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural poor" during the 1940s and 1950s.{{sfn|Goldblatt|2008|p=642}} Nevertheless, Peru performed creditably at the South American Championships, placing third in [[1949 South American Championship|Brazil 1949]] and [[1955 South American Championship|Chile 1955]], and missed qualification for the [[1958 FIFA World Cup|Sweden 1958 World Cup]] finals, over [[Two-legged tie|two legs]] to eventual champions Brazil.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=572}} |
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The Peruvian Football Federation joined [[CONMEBOL]] in 1925, but internal and economic problems prevented the creation of a national team that would officially represent the country internationally.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''La Seleccion...''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Seleccion Peruana de 1924| publisher=Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com| url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/10/la-seleccin-peruana-de-1924.html | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> In 1922, an unofficial national team played against an Uruguayan team sponsored by the [[Uruguayan Football Association]].<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''La Seleccion...''" /> Subsequent years saw talented Peruvian football players gain international interest in their skills, which inspired Peruvian clubs to tour with success throughout South America to places such as [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Chile]].<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.clubalianzalima.com/pages/hist1921.asp|title=Historia Blanquiazul: 1921–1960|accessdate=2008-08-12|publisher=clubalianzalima.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://peru.com/futbol/seleccion/historia/futbolistas/tfernandez.asp|title=Teodoro 'Lolo' Fernandez|accessdate=2009-06-30|publisher=Peru.com}}<br />{{es icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com/paginas/histo.htm|title=Un Poco de Historia|accessdate=2008-08-20|publisher=Futbolvenezolanoaldia.5u.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mipunto.com/deportes/futbol/venezuela/historia.jsp|title=L historia del futbol venezolano|accessdate=2008-08-20|publisher=Mipunto.com}}<br />{{es icon}}{{cite web|url=http://www.arcotriunfal.com/888/58_anos_de_futbol_profesional.html|title=58 años de fútbol profesional|accessdate=2008-03-17|publisher=Arcotriunfal.com}}</ref> Thanks to significant numbers of British residents in Peru, the acceptance of the game by the local elites, and the rapid development of the sport among the urban poor of ''[[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]]'' district in Lima, Peru formed the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region at this time.<ref name="Goldblatt"/> |
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[[File:Peru Argentina 1970 World Cup Qualifiers.png|thumb|left|alt=Photo of four men in the foreground, inside a full stadium|[[Oswaldo Ramírez]] scored the goals against [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] that secured Peru's 1970 World Cup qualification.]] |
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In 1927, the Peruvian national football team was officially created.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''La Seleccion...''"/> The team hosted the [[1927 South American Championship]], and Peru reached third place after losing to Uruguay by 4–0 in their debut match, defeating [[Bolivia national football team|Bolivia]] 3–2, and losing to Argentina 1–5.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1927| publisher=Rsssf.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/27safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> Nevertheless, due to internal corruption and the commotion surrounding the [[Great Depression]], the team that played in the [[South American Championship 1929|1929 edition]] was selected by social favoritism rather than player skill, and lost all games.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=1929: La Seleccion peruana Reflejo de una Sociedad Partida| publisher=Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com | url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/07/1929-la-seleccin-peruana-reflejo-de-una.html | accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> A year later, ''la Blanquirroja'' was invited to participate in a new intercontinental competition, to be held in [[Uruguay]]: the first [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web | title=1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay | publisher=FIFA.com | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1/overview.html | accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> |
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Successes during the late 1960s, including qualification for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup|Mexico 1970 World Cup]] finals, ushered in a second golden period for Peruvian football.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=349}}<ref name="FIFA.com, Silence">{{cite web |title=The Silence of the Bombonera |publisher=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/matches/qualifiers/match=1732/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107182912/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/matches/qualifiers/match=1732/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> The formidable forward partnership between Teófilo Cubillas and Hugo Sotil was a key factor in Peru's triumphs during the 1970s.{{sfn|Radnedge|2001|p=195}} Peru reached the quarter-finals in 1970, losing to the tournament winners Brazil, and earned the first [[FIFA World Cup Fair Play Trophy|FIFA Fair Play Trophy]];<ref name="Fair Play">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521092116/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2013 |publisher=FIFA |title=FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7 |url-status=dead |date=18 March 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Fiore|2012|p="El Nene" de Perú}} historian Richard Henshaw describes Peru as "the surprise of the 1970 competition, showing flair and a high level of skill".{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=572}} Five years later, Peru became South American champions for the second time when it won the 1975 Copa América (the then-rechristened South American Championship) despite failing to qualify for [[1974 FIFA World Cup|West Germany 1974]] a year earlier. The team next qualified for two consecutive World Cup finals, reaching the second round in [[1978 FIFA World Cup|Argentina 1978]] and the first group stage in [[1982 FIFA World Cup|Spain 1982]]. Peru's early elimination in 1982 marked the end of the side's globally-admired "flowing football".{{sfn|DK Publishing|2010|p=75}} Peru, nonetheless, barely missed the [[1986 FIFA World Cup|Mexico 1986 World Cup]] finals after placing second in a qualification group to eventual champions [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]].<ref name="Tim Vickery">{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Vickery |title=Chile must see off Peru attack to win first Copa America trophy on home soil |work=ESPN FC |publisher=ESPN Inc. |url=http://www.espnfc.com/copa-america/83/blog/post/2507070/chile-must-see-off-peru-attack-to-win-first-copa-america | date=29 June 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> In their golden period from 1970 to 1982, Peru was among the best teams in the world. |
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By the late 1980s, renewed expectations for Peru were centred on a young generation of Alianza Lima players known colloquially as ''Los Potrillos'' ("The Colts"). Sociologists Aldo Panfichi and Victor Vich write that ''Los Potrillos'' "became the hope of the entire country"—fans expected them to qualify for the [[1990 FIFA World Cup|Italy 1990 World Cup]] finals.{{sfn|Panfichi|Vich|2005|pp=161, 173}} These hopes were dashed when the national team entered a hiatus after its manager and several of its players [[1987 Alianza Lima air disaster|died in a plane crash]] carrying most of Alianza's team and staff in 1987.{{sfn|Panfichi|Vich|2005|pp=161–162, 173}} Peru subsequently only came close to reaching the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|France 1998 World Cup]] finals, missing qualification on [[goal difference]],<ref name="Tim Vickery"/> but would go on to win the 1999 [[Kirin Cup]] tournament in Japan (sharing the title with [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]])<ref name="Copa Kirin">{{cite news |title=Copa Kirin: Perú ya fue campeón en 1999 y el 2005|work=El Comercio|publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio|url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/copa-kirin-peru-ya-fue-campeon-1999-2005-noticia-766468|language=es |date=31 May 2011 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup|reached the semi-finals]] at the [[1997 Copa América]] and the [[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup]] (contested as an invitee).<ref>{{cite web |first=Caro|last=Acosta|title=El Sabor Que Le Dio Conmebol a la Copa Oro| work=Goal Mexico| publisher=Goal.com |url= http://www.goal.com/es-mx/news/4797/copa-oro/2015/07/02/13230332/el-sabor-que-le-dio-conmebol-a-la-copa-oro|date=2 July 2015|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> |
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===1930s golden generation=== |
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{{see also|Peru at the Olympics|Peru v Austria (1936)}} |
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[[Image:PeruOlympics1936.png|230px|thumb|right|1936 Berlin Summer Olympics team. Front: Adelfo Magallanes, [[Jorge Alcalde]], Teodoro Fernández, [[José Morales (footballer)|José Morales]], and Alejandro Villanueva. Back: [[Carlos Tovar]], [[José María Lavalle]], Juan Valdivieso, [[Arturo Fernández]], [[Segundo Castillo]], and [[Orestes Jordán]].]] |
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Qualification for the FIFA World Cup finals continued being an elusive objective for Peru during the early 21st century.<ref name="Tim Vickery"/> According to historian [[Charles F. Walker]], player [[Peru national football team indiscipline scandals|indiscipline problems]] marred Peru's national team and football league.<ref name="Walker">{{cite journal| first= Charles F. | last= Walker |title= Review of ''Ese Gol Existe'', ed. Aldo Panfichi |journal= Hispanic American Historical Review |volume= 90|issue=3 |pages= 569–571 |doi=10.1215/00182168-2010-033 |publisher= Duke University Press |date= 2010}}</ref> Troubles in the FPF, particularly with its then-president Manuel Burga, deepened the crisis in Peruvian football—FIFA temporarily suspended the country from international competition, in late 2008, because the Peruvian government investigated alleged corruption within the FPF.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Vickery |title=Federation infighting deepens existing football trouble in Peru |work=ESPN FC |publisher=ESPN Inc. |url=http://www.espnfc.us/team/peru/211/blog/post/2125034/federation-in-fighting-deepens-existing-football-trouble-in-peru | date=2 November 2014 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref>{{efn-ua|In 2008, FIFA suspended the Peru national team and football league—citing political interference—after Peru's government impeded the re-election of FPF president Burga, charging him with not complying FPF statutes according to Peruvian law. In December 2008, FIFA lifted sanctions after the [[Peruvian Institute of Sport]] (IPD) agreed to negotiate with the FPF.<ref>{{cite web|title=La FIFA levantó la suspensión al fútbol peruano|work=Perú 21|publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio|url=http://peru21.pe/noticia/226584/fifa-habria-decidido-levantarle-suspension-al-futbol-peruano|date=20 December 2008|access-date=4 July 2015|language=es|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706154521/http://peru21.pe/noticia/226584/fifa-habria-decidido-levantarle-suspension-al-futbol-peruano|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} Burga's twelve-year tenure as FPF president, deemed by journalists and the public as disastrous for the national team, despite a third place at the [[2011 Copa América]], ended in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manuel Burga, acusado de fraude|work=Marca|publisher=Unidad Editorial, S.A. | url=https://www.marca.com/2013/09/24/futbol/futbol_internacional/resto_de_america/1380018062.html |language=es |date=24 September 2013|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Auge y caída del 'imperio' de Manuel Burga en el fútbol peruano|work=RPP Noticias|publisher=Grupo RPP |url= https://rpp.pe/futbol/seleccion-peruana/manuel-burga-seoane-inicio-y-caida-de-su-carrera-en-el-balompie-nacional-noticia-1005084?ref=rpp |language=es |date=24 November 2016|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>{{efn-ua|In 2017, Burga faced charges of [[Racket (crime)|racketeering]], [[Mail and wire fraud|wire fraud]], and [[money laundering]] as part of the [[2015 FIFA corruption case]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=South America football corruption trial begins in New York | work=BBC News| publisher= British Broadcasting Corporation | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41977989|date=14 November 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> Although acquitted, the [[FIFA Ethics Committee]] ruled, in 2019, Burga guilty of receiving bribes for [[Copa Libertadores]] and Copa America tournaments, thereupon banning him for life on taking part in any football-related activity worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |first=Graham|last=Dunbar|title=FIFA bans Peruvian soccer official Burga for life|work=The Seattle Times|publisher=Frank A. Blethen | url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/fifa-bans-peruvian-soccer-official-burga-for-life/ |date=12 November 2019|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref>}} The FPF's new leadership appointed [[Juan Carlos Oblitas]] as the federation's new director and [[Ricardo Gareca]] as Peru's manager in March 2015.<ref name="Gareca">{{cite news |date=2 March 2015 |title=Ricardo Gareca: "Es el desafío más importante de mi carrera" |url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/ricardo-gareca-presentado-tecnico-peru-videna-noticia-1794838?flsm=1 |access-date=3 March 2015 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio |language=es}}</ref> Sports journalists credited Gareca with revitalizing Peru's football prowess by improving the players' training and professional conduct.<ref>{{cite web |first=Brian|last=Homewood|title=Soccer: Gareca leads extraordinary change in Peru's fortunes|work=Reuters|publisher=Thomson Reuters Corporation | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-worldcup-per/soccer-gareca-leads-extraordinary-change-in-perus-fortunes-idINKCN1J41GR |date=8 June 2018|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref> Under Gareca, Peru participated in the group stage of the [[2018 FIFA World Cup|Russia 2018 World Cup]] finals and finished runners-up at the [[2019 Copa América]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Peru became the final side to qualify for the World Cup with a 2-0 play-off victory over New Zealand| work=BBC Sport| publisher= British Broadcasting Corporation | url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/41989402|date=15 November 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Selección peruana salva el año con el Subcampeonato en Copa América|publisher=Líbero|url=https://libero.pe/futbol-peruano/seleccion-peruana/1527339-seleccion-peruana-salva-ano-subcampeonato-copa-america-brasil-2019-ricardo-gareca-paolo-guerrero-jefferson-farfan-resumen-youtube|language= es|date=31 December 2019|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> After Peru narrowly missed qualification for the [[2022 FIFA World Cup|Qatar 2022 World Cup]], losing the inter-continental play-off against Australia, the FPF appointed former team captain [[Juan Reynoso (footballer)|Juan Reynoso]] as Peru's new manager. Dissatisfied with results for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers]], the FPF replaced Reynoso with Uruguayan [[Jorge Fossati]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coach Jorge Fossati to lead Peru's soccer team towards 2026 World Cup| work=Andina | publisher= Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales SA - EDITORA PERÚ | url=https://andina.pe/Ingles/noticia-coach-jorge-fossati-to-lead-perus-soccer-team-towards-2026-world-cup-968305.aspx|date=28 December 2023 |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref> |
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The 1930s is considered to be the first golden era of Peruvian football.<ref name="Witzig"/> At the inaugural [[1930 FIFA World Cup]], the Peruvian team failed to progress beyond the group stages; despite this performance, the [[Uruguay]]an audience was surprised by the level of skill demonstrated by the Peruvians.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Minuto a minuto | publisher=Elcomercio.com | url=http://www.elcomercio.com.pe/edicionimpresa/Html/2007-08-05/imecnacional0765460.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> Between 1933 and 1934, the national squad (composed mainly of players from [[Universitario de Deportes]], [[Alianza Lima]], and [[Atletico Chalaco]]) united with the [[Chile national football team|Chilean squad]] (formed mainly by players from [[Colo Colo]]) to form the ''Combinado del Pacifico'' (known by the European press as the "Peru-Chile XI" and "All-Pacific," among other names),<ref name="Combinado">{{cite web| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/1933chile-perutour.html |title=European Tour of the "Combinado del Pacífico" 1933–34 |accessdate=2009-07-28}}</ref> which toured the European countries of [[England]], [[Germany]], [[France]], and [[Spain]] until August 1935. [[Teodoro Fernandez]] became the team's top goal scorer with 48 goals in 39 games.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Municipalidad de Lima y la difusión del fútbol| publisher=Munlima.gob.pe| url=http://www.munlima.gob.pe/biblioteca/archivo_municipal/Exposiciones%20virtuales/futbol_de_lima_muni/exposiciones_virtuales_futbol_de_lima.htm| accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> |
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== Kit == |
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Peru was the only South American football representative in the [[1936 Berlin Olympics]].<ref name="Witzig"/> The team began the tournament well, defeating [[Finland national football team|Finland]] 7–3. Players for Peru included Teodoro Fernández, [[Alejandro Villanueva]], [[Juan Valdivieso]], and [[Adelfo Magallanes]].<ref name="La Republica, ''Controversia''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Controversia | Berlín 36. Un mito derrumbado | publisher=Larepublica.com.pe| url=http://www.larepublica.com.pe/content/view/238377/ | accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> The [[IFFHS]] considers this Peruvian side to have been "a technically excellent and strong attacking side" that had "everything to be a finalist."<ref>Witzig, p. 350</ref> The Peruvians went on to upset the [[Wunderteam|Austrian ''Wunderteam'']], who were favorites to win the tournament, by [[Peru v Austria (1936)|defeating them 4–2]] in [[extra time]]. After the game, the Austrian team alleged that the Peruvian players had manhandled them, and that Peruvian spectators, one brandishing a [[revolver]], had swarmed down on the field during overtime.<ref name="Peru.com, ''Olimpiadas de Berlin''">{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/reportajes/2001/09/18/01.asp |title=Las Olimpiadas de Berlín |accessdate=2007-08-21 |publisher=Peru.com}}</ref> However, Peru was playing as the away team, almost without any supporters, and neither the nationality or identity of the spectators that entered the field during the regular time of play (not overtime) were ever discovered.<ref>Witzig, pp. 352–358</ref> Despite the lack of concrete evidence, the [[International Olympic Committee]], which was essentially a FIFA committee presided by [[Jules Rimet]],<ref name="Witzig358">Witzig, p. 358</ref> controversially nullified the result and ordered a re-match behind closed doors, which drove the Peruvian and Colombian delegations to forfeit the games in protest.<ref name="Peru.com, ''Olimpiadas de Berlin''" /> The story was told differently by European and South American media; to this day, the exact details of what occurred are not known.<ref name="La Republica, ''Controversia''" /> Nowadays, the IFFHS is the only international football organization to condemn the actions taken against Peru in the tournament.<ref name="Witzig358"/> |
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{{main|Peru national football team kit}} |
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The Peru national football team plays in red and white, Peru's national colours.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=338}} Its first-choice [[Kit (association football)|kit]] has been, since 1936, white shorts, white socks, and white shirts with a distinctive red "[[sash]]" crossing their front diagonally from the [[Proper right|proper left]] shoulder to the right hip and returning on the back from the right hip to the proper left shoulder. This basic scheme has been only slightly altered over the years.<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Blanquiroja''"/> |
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In [[1938 in association football|1938]], Peru won its first international title at the first [[Bolivarian Games]], defeating Bolivia, [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]], [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]], and [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]].<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Bolivarian Games''">{{cite web | title=Bolivarian Games: Soccer Tournament| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bolivarianos.html| accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> In 1939, ''la Blanquirroja'' won Peru's first [[South American Championship 1939|South American Championship]] (known later as the Copa América), a tournament remembered for the conspicuous absence of football powerhouses Brazil and Argentina. The Peruvians defeated the Uruguayan team by a close score of 2–1 in the final,<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Southamerican Championship 1939''">{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1939 | publisher=RSSSF.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/39safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> after eliminating Ecuador, Chile, and Paraguay. Peru became the fourth nation to become South American champions, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil. |
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[[File:Peru national football team match against Mexico in Lima 1968 (retouched).png|upright=1.4|right|thumb|alt=Photo of twelve men, seven standing and five crouching, inside a stadium|Peru in 1968, wearing their traditional kit. The distinctive red "[[sash]]" has been emblazoned across Peru's white shirts continuously since 1936.]] |
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===Good games, few titles=== |
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Peru's kit has won praise as one of world football's most attractive designs. Christopher Turpin, the executive producer of [[NPR]]'s ''[[All Things Considered]]'' news show, lauded the 1970 iteration as "the beautiful game's most beautiful shirt", also describing it as "[[Retro style|retro]] even in 1970".<ref>{{cite web | first=Christopher | last=Turpin | title=The Lost Elegance of Football Jerseys |publisher=NPR | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/showmeyourcleats/2010/06/15/127856504/the-lost-elegence-of-jerseys | date=15 June 2010| access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> Miles Kohrman, football reporter for ''[[The New Republic]]'', commended Peru's kit as "one of soccer's best-kept secrets".<ref>{{cite web | first=Miles | last=Kohrman | title=Was This the Best World Cup Uniform of All Time? | publisher=The New Republic | url=https://newrepublic.com/article/118637/were-these-peru-kits-best-world-cup-uniform-ever | date=10 July 2014 | access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref> [[Rory Smith (journalist)|Rory Smith]], Chief Soccer Correspondent for ''[[The New York Times]]'', referred to Peru's 2018 version of the jersey as "a classic" with a nostalgic, fan-pleasing "blood-red sash".<ref>{{cite web | first=Vanessa| last=Friedman| title=A Fashion Expert and a Football Expert Had a Conversation About World Cup Kits |work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/sports/world-cup/kits-uniforms-nigeria.html | date=15 June 2018 | access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> The version worn in 1978 came first in a 2010 [[ESPN]] list of the "Best World Cup jerseys of all time", described therein as "simple yet strikingly effective".<ref>{{cite web | first=Roger | last=Bennett | title=Best World Cup jerseys of all time |publisher=ESPN| url=http://www.espn.com/world-cup/story/_/page/worldcup101-03082010/ce/us/best-world-cup-jerseys-all-time | date=10 March 2010 | access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> |
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By 1941, ''la Blanquirroja's'' star-studded squad was beginning to show its age.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1941| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/41safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In the same year, Peru and Argentina played a three-game series for the [[Copa Roque Saenz Peña]] in [[Lima]], and a struggling Peru managed to draw twice before finally losing the third match 3–0.<ref>{{cite web | title=Copa Roque Sáenz Peña| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/saenzpena41.html| accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> The national squad's diminishing effectiveness was most apparent during the [[Copa America|South American Championships of the 1940s]],<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> where the team's most positive performances came from goalkeeper [[José Soriano]].<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/seleccion/historia/futbolistas/jsoriano.asp|title= José Sorano, el caballero del deporte|publisher=Peru.com| accessdate=2008-08-11 }}</ref> Peru would not win another international title until 1947, when the side won the [[Bolivarian Games]].<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Bolivarian Games''" /> Three years later, at the [[South American Championship 1949|South American Championship held in Brazil]], Peru gained third place after defeating Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1949| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/49safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> |
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Peru's first kit, made for the 1927 South American Championship, comprised a white-and-red striped shirt, white shorts and black socks.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''Hace80''">{{cite web | author=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora | title=Hace 80 Años Debutó Peru | publisher=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal| url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/02/hace-80-aos-debut-per.html| language=es | date=24 February 2007 | access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> At the 1930 World Cup, Peru used an alternate design because [[Paraguay national football team|Paraguay]] had already registered a similar kit with white-and-red striped shirts. The Peruvians instead wore white shirts with a red collar, white shorts and black socks.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''Hace80''"/> The team added a horizontal red stripe to the shirt for the 1935 South American Championship. The following year, at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the team adopted the iconic diagonal red sash design it has retained ever since.<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Blanquiroja''">{{cite web | title=La Blanquiroja | publisher=ArkivPeru | url=http://www.arkivperu.com/blanquiroja.htm | language=es | access-date=28 June 2013 | archive-date=24 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105348/http://www.arkivperu.com/blanquiroja.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> According to historian Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora, the idea for the design came from school football matches in which coloured sashes worn over the shoulder would allow two teams wearing white shirts to play against each other.<ref>{{cite web | author=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora | title=La Blanquiroja: La Camiseta de Todos los Colores | publisher=Jaime Pulgar-Vidal | url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2011/06/la-blanquiroja-la-camiseta-de-todos-los.html | language=es | date=6 September 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> |
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By the 1950s, Peru had once again become a major protagonist in South American football, ranking among the [[Strongest football nations by Elo Ratings|top 20 strongest football nations of the decade]].<ref name="Eloratings"/> In the Pan-American Championship of 1952 the Peruvians defeated [[Panama national football team|Panama]] and [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]], tied with Brazil and lost to Chile and Uruguay in close matches.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''">{{cite web | title=Peru International Results| publisher=Rsssf.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peru-intres.html | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> Players such as [[Alberto Terry]], [[Guillermo Barbadillo]], [[Valeriano López]], [[Félix Castillo]], and [[Óscar Gómez Sánchez]] contributed to Peru's competitive play throughout the 1950s. During 1953 and 1954, Peru achieved its only two titles of the decade, twice winning the ''[[Copa del Pacífico]]'' (Pacific Cup), a trophy disputed between Chile and Peru every time the two sides play.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> In the [[South American Championship 1955|1955 South American Championship]], the national squad's campaign took them to a third place finish.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1955| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/55safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Nonetheless, the team fared poorly at the Pan-American Championship held in [[Mexico]], and the [[South American Championship 1956|South American Championship in Montevideo]].<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> The team made a slight recovery as the decade closed, reaching fourth place at the 1957 and 1959 South American Championships, and defeating [[England national football team|England]] 4–1 in an exhibition match.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1957| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/57safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1959| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/59-1safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> |
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Peru wears as its badge the emblem of the Peruvian Football Federation. The first badge, presented in 1927, had a [[heater shield]] design with the country's name and the federation's acronym (FPF). Eight different emblems followed, with the longest-lasting design being the modern French [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] form emblazoned in the team's jersey from 1953 until 2014. This design had the Peruvian flag at its base, and either the country's name or the federation's acronym at its chief. Since 2014, the badge has a retro-inspired heater shield design, with the entire field comprised by Peru's flag and the federation's acronym, surrounded by a gold-colored frame.<ref>{{cite web | first=Marcelo | last=Hidalgo | title=Federación Peruana de Fútbol: todos los escudos en su historia |work= Depor.com | publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio | url=https://depor.com/futbol-peruano/seleccion-peruana/federacion-peruana-futbol-escudos-historia-foto-interactiva-7015 | language=es | date=23 October 2016 |access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> |
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During the 1960s, Peru showed signs of improvement, winning the Bolivarian Games in [[Barranquilla]] and qualifying for the [[1960 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rome, Italy|Rome]].<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Bolivarian Games''" /> However, these would be the only achievements of the decade, as Peru failed to place in the top four spots of the [[South American Championship 1963|1963 South American Championship]], did not qualify for the [[1962 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] and [[1966 FIFA World Cup|England]] World Cups, and was unable to regain the ''Copa del Pacífico''. |
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Eight sportswear manufacturers have supplied Peru's national team. The first, German company [[Adidas]], supplied the team's kit in 1978 and 1983–1985. The FPF has signed contracts with manufacturers from Brazil ([[Penalty (sports manufacturer)|Penalty]], 1981–82), Switzerland ([[Bata Corporation|Power]], 1989–1991), Italy ([[Diadora]], 1991–1992), England ([[Umbro]], 1996–1997, 2010–2018), Ecuador ([[Marathon Sports]], 2018–2022), and another from Germany ([[Puma (brand)|Puma]], 1987–1989). The team has also been supplied by three local firms: Calvo Sporwear (1986–1987), Polmer (1993–1995), and [[Walon Sport]] (1998–2010).<ref>{{cite web | title=Las marcas que vistieron a la selección nacional | work=La República | publisher=Grupo La República | url=http://larepublica.pe/marketing/698450-las-marcas-que-vistieron-la-seleccion-nacional | language=es | date=24 August 2015 | access-date=16 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117122708/http://larepublica.pe/marketing/698450-las-marcas-que-vistieron-la-seleccion-nacional | archive-date=17 November 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first=Mario | last=Fernández |title=Modelo 2011: Conozca la Nueva Camiseta de la Selección peruana | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/modelo-2011-conozca-nueva-camiseta-seleccion-peruana-noticia-678537 | language=es |date=3 December 2010 | access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> Since January 2023, Adidas produces Peru's kit.<ref>{{cite web | title=¡Se hizo realidad! Adidas presentó la nueva camiseta de la Selección Peruana|url=https://depor.com/futbol-peruano/seleccion-peruana/seleccion-peruana-presentacion-de-la-nueva-camiseta-de-adidas-en-vivo-en-directo-fecha-hora-y-canal-para-ver-transmision-sigue-minuto-a-minuto-fpf-play-noticia/ | language=es |date=17 January 2023 | access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> |
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===Second golden generation=== |
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[[Image:PeruTeam1970.png|right|thumb|230px|1970 World Cup squad. Top: Pedro Gonzales, Ramon Mifflin, Héctor Chumpitaz, Luis Rubiños, Nicolás Fuentes, Orlando de la Torre. Bottom: Julio Baylon, Roberto Challe, Pedro Pablo León, Teófilo Cubillas, Alberto Gallardo.]] |
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== Stadium == |
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The story of the second golden generation started in late 1969, when ''la Blanquirroja'' qualified for the [[FIFA World Cup 1970|Mexico 1970 World Cup]]. Thanks to the goals of [[Oswaldo Ramírez|"Cachito" Ramírez]], the squad tied Argentina at a game popularly known as "La Bombonera" (in reference to the [[Estadio Alberto J. Armando]] where the game was played).<ref>{{cite web | title=The silence of the Bombonera| publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=735839.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> The squad, managed by [[Waldir Pereira|"Didi" Pereira]], followed a 4–2–4 [[Formation (association football)|formation]] that typically comprised [[José Fernández (born 1939)|José Fernández]], [[Orlando de la Torre]], [[Héctor Chumpitaz]], and [[Nicolás Fuentes]] as the defenders; [[Ramón Mifflin]] and [[Roberto Challe]] as the midfielders; [[Julio Baylón]], [[Pedro Pablo León]], [[Teófilo Cubillas]], and [[Alberto Gallardo]] as the forwards; and [[Luis Rubiños]] as the goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1970| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/70full.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> |
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{{main|Estadio Nacional del Perú}} |
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{{multiple image|caption_align=left|header_align=center |
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| image1 = Estadio Nacional de Lima, Peru..jpg |
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| alt1 = Photograph of the exterior of a modern football stadium |
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| caption1 = Exterior of the Estadio Nacional in 2013. |
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| image2 = Inside Estadio Nacional (Lima, Peru).jpg |
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| alt2 = Photograph of a modern football stadium's interior; the stands are full of spectators |
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| caption2 = Interior of the Estadio Nacional in 2011. |
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}} |
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The traditional home of Peruvian football is the country's national stadium, the Estadio Nacional in Lima, which seats 50,000 spectators.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=571}} The present ground is the Estadio Nacional's third incarnation, renovated under the [[Alan García]] administration. Its official re-inauguration, 24 July 2011,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/estadio-nacional-se-inauguro-seleccion-fuegos-artificiales-noticia-944893 | title=Estadio Nacional se inauguró con la selección y fuegos artificiales | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio|language=es | date=24 July 2011 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> marked 88 years to the day after the [[Estadio Nacional (1897)|original ground]] opened on the same site in 1923.<ref name=colonia/> |
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The participation of Peru in the [[1970 FIFA World Cup]] was particularly memorable when the squad caused surprise as they advanced into the quarterfinals by defeating [[Bulgaria national football team|Bulgaria]] 3–2 and [[Morocco national football team|Morocco]] 3–0, and despite losing 3–1 to [[Germany national football team|Germany]].<ref name="BBC Sport" /><ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Although Peru lost the quarterfinal game to Brazil by 4–2, ''la Blanquirroja'' would go on to win the ''Copa del Pacífico'', were invited to participate in the [[Brazil Independence Cup]], and won the ''[[Copa Mariscal Sucre]]''.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Additionally, the squad won their second [[Copa America 1975|Copa America in 1975]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Southamerican Championship 1975| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/75safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> |
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To celebrate the centenary of Peru's [[Peruvian War of Independence|independence]] from Spain, Lima's British community donated the original Estadio Nacional, a wooden structure with a capacity of 6,000.<ref name=colonia>{{cite web | url=http://www.britanico.edu.pe/Index.aspx?aID=34&iID=1128 | title=Colonia británica donó primer estadio nacional | publisher=Británico | language=es | date=25 July 2011 | access-date=5 July 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705133527/http://www.britanico.edu.pe/Index.aspx?aID=34&iID=1128 | archive-date=5 July 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Construction began on 28 July 1921, overseen by President [[Augusto B. Leguía]].<ref name=GoogleMaps>{{cite news | language=es |title=Google Maps: Así luce el Estadio Nacional desde el aplicativo | url=https://elcomercio.pe/redes-sociales/google/google-maps-luce-estadio-nacional-aplicativo-145458 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=18 March 2017| access-date=19 November 2017}}</ref> The stadium's re-inauguration on 27 October 1952, under the [[Manuel A. Odría]] administration, followed an onerous campaign for its renovation led by Miguel Dasso, president of the ''Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima''.<ref name=dasso/>{{sfn|Leigh Raffo|2005|p=266}} The renovated stadium boasted a cement structure and larger spectator capacity of 53,000.<ref name=GoogleMaps/> Its last redevelopment, in 2011, included the construction of a plaque-covered exterior, an internal multicoloured illumination system, two giant [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] screens, and 375 private suites.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/victornomberto/2011/07/23/historia-del-estadio-nacional/ | first= Víctor R. | last= Nomberto | title=Historia del Estadio Nacional | publisher=PUCP | language=es | date=23 July 2011 | access-date=29 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andina.com.pe/agencia/noticia-ipd-ofrece-un-recorrido-360-del-estadio-nacional-lima-371067.aspx|title=IPD ofrece un recorrido en 360° del Estadio Nacional de Lima|publisher=Andina.com|date=26 July 2011|access-date=4 July 2015|language=es}}</ref> |
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In 1978, ''la Blanquirroja'' once again qualified for a World Cup. The squad, led by [[Marcos Calderón]], had a different (4–4–2) formation from the early 70s structure. [[Jaime Duarte]], Héctor Chumpitaz, [[Rubén Toribio Díaz|Rubén Díaz]], and [[Germán Leguía]] were on the defense; [[César Cueto]], [[Percy Rojas]], Teófilo Cubillas, and [[José Velásquez (footballer)|José Velásquez]] on the midfield; [[Juan José Muñante]], [[Juan Carlos Oblitas]], [[Guillermo La Rosa]], and [[Hugo Sotil]] on the attack; and [[Ramón Quiroga]] as the goalkeeper.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1978''">{{cite web | title=World Cup 1978 Finals| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/78full.html | accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> |
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A distinctive feature of the ground is the Miguel Dasso Tower on its north side, which contains [[luxury box]]es (renovated in 2004).<ref name=dasso>{{cite web | url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/juanluisorrego/2008/10/20/estadios-de-futbol-en-lima-1/ | author= Juan Luis Orrego Penagos | title=Estadios de fútbol en Lima (1) | publisher=PUCP | language=es | date=20 October 2008 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> The Estadio Nacional currently has a natural [[Cynodon dactylon|bermudagrass]] pitch, reinstalled as part of redevelopments completed in 2011. Previously, the FPF had installed [[artificial turf]] in the stadium for the [[2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship]], making it the only national stadium in CONMEBOL with such a turf.<ref name=nosintetico>{{cite news | url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/futbol-peruano/no-mas-sintetico-estadio-nacional-ya-luce-cesped-natural-noticia-703352| title=No más sintético: el Estadio Nacional ya luce césped natural | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| language=es | date=24 January 2011 | access-date=29 June 2013 }}</ref> Despite the synthetic ground's rating of "FIFA Star II", the highest certification granted to artificial pitches, players accused the turf of causing them injuries, such as burns and bruises.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/411306.html | title=Evaluará FIFA Cuestionadas Canchas Artificiales en Perú | work=El Universal| language=es |date=9 March 2007 | access-date=4 July 2015 | publisher=El Universal Compañía Periodística Nacional| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114440/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/411306.html |archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> |
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Prior to the World Cup, the national squad defeated varied opponents such as [[China national football team|China]] and [[Hungary national football team|Hungary]].<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Once into the World Cup finals, Peru reached the top of their group after [[Scotland v Peru (1978)|defeating Scotland (3–1)]], tying with [[Netherlands national football team|the Netherlands]] (0–0), and defeating [[Iran national football team|Iran]] (4–1).<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1978''" /> However, in the second round, Peru ended last in the group after losing to Brazil (0–3), Poland (0–1), and to Argentina (0–6) in a controversial match that some claim was bought by [[Argentina]]'s military junta.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1978''" /><ref>{{cite web | title=World Cup 1978 – Hosts Argentina| publisher=Soccernet.com| url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=365936&root=worldcup&&cc=5901| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> After the tournament, the squad played some international friendlies to prepare for the [[Copa America 1979|Copa America of 1979]]; they would tie Scotland at [[Glasgow]] (1–1) and defeat Uruguay in [[Lima]] (2–0). Nonetheless, when the new tournament started, Peru was eliminated by Chile in the semifinals. |
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Peru sometimes play home matches at other venues. Outside the desert-like coast region of Lima, the thin atmosphere at the high-altitude [[Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega]] in [[Cusco]] has been described as providing strategic advantages for Peru against certain visiting teams.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|pp=323–325}} Other common alternate venues for the national team include two other grounds in the Peruvian capital—Alianza's [[Estadio Alejandro Villanueva]] and [[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]'s [[Estadio Monumental "U"|Estadio Monumental <nowiki>''U''</nowiki>]].<ref>{{cite web | title=La selección también jugará en Matute | work=Perú 21 | url=http://peru21.pe/noticia/715520/seleccion-tambien-jugara-matute | language=es | date=18 February 2011 | access-date=29 June 2013 | publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio | archive-date=2 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202113053/http://peru21.pe/noticia/715520/seleccion-tambien-jugara-matute | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Selección Nacional podría jugar ante Ecuador en el Estadio Monumental | work=Depor.pe | url=http://depor.pe/futbol-peruano/seleccion-nacional-estadio-monumental-eliminatorias-2014-noticia-905188 | language=es | date=10 April 2013 | access-date=4 July 2015 | publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706011357/http://depor.pe/futbol-peruano/seleccion-nacional-estadio-monumental-eliminatorias-2014-noticia-905188 | archive-date=6 July 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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''La Blanquirroja'' successfully qualified for the [[1982 FIFA World Cup]] at the expense of Colombia and Uruguay, the recent [[1980 Mundialito|Mundialito]] winners.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mundialito 1980 (Montevideo, Uruguay)| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mund80.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Under the direction of [[Elba de Padua Lima|Tim]], the Peruvians won the Pacific Cup and led a European and African tour in which ''la Blanquirroja'' defeated Hungary (2–1), France (1–0), tied [[Algeria national football team|Algeria]] (1–1), and upon their return defeated Romania (2–0).<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> [[Elba de Pádua Lima|Tim]]'s squad was composed of a 4–4–2 formation with [[Jaime Duarte]], [[Rubén Toribio Díaz]], [[Salvador Salguero]], and [[Jorge Olaechea]] in defense; [[César Cueto]], José Velásquez, [[Julio César Uribe]], and [[Teófilo Cubillas]] in midfield; [[Gerónimo Barbadillo]] and [[Juan Carlos Oblitas]] as forwards; and [[Ramón Quiroga]] as goalkeeper.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1982 Finals''">{{cite web | title=World Cup 1982 Finals| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/82full.html| accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> Once in the World Cup of Spain, the team did not perform well as they tied with Cameroon and Italy, and lost 5–1 against Poland.<ref name="RSSSF, ''World Cup 1982 Finals''" /> Peru's elimination marked the end of an era where the team's "flowing football was admired across the globe."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=BOwQ82EArigC&pg=PA120&dq=1983+Copa+America&hl=en&ei=ikYwTqC-Lcjh0QHbq7SGAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Peru&f=false Soccer: The Ultimate Guide] Page 75</ref> |
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The national team's training grounds are located within the ''[[Villa Deportiva Nacional]]'' (VIDENA) [[sports complex]] in Lima's [[San Luis District, Lima|San Luis]] district. Since 1981, the complex is managed by the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/terreno-videna-ipd-senala-serpar-ante-reclamo-vecinos-noticia-1628980| title=Terreno de la Videna es del IPD, señala Serpar ante reclamo de vecinos| work=El Comercio| publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| language=es| date=9 September 2013| access-date=23 November 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040154/http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/sociedad/lima/terreno-videna-ipd-senala-serpar-ante-reclamo-vecinos-noticia-1628980| archive-date=1 December 2017| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2017, following Peru's qualification for the Russia 2018 World Cup finals, the Peruvian Football Federation announced the creation of a new complex, the Center of National Teams, in Lima's [[Chaclacayo]] district. The new complex will contain six training grounds for both the male and the female squads, including the senior and the youth sides.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://depor.com/futbol-peruano/seleccion-peruana/peru-clasifico-rusia-2018-conoce-futura-videna-construira-chaclacayo-54238| title=Perú clasificó a Rusia 2018 y tendrá nueva casa | work=Depor.pe |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| language=es | date=11 November 2017| access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> In 2023, the FPF also announced its ''Plan Maestro'', which incorporates modernized infrastructure in the VIDENA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plan Maestro: La Bicolor® y el Fútbol Peruano Tendrán Modernas Instalaciones en la Videna de San Luis |url=https://fpf.org.pe/plan-maestro-fpf-remodelara-la-videna-en-beneficio-de-la-bicolor-y-el-futbol-peruano/}}</ref> |
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===From glory to decline=== |
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{{see also|Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup|Peru national football team indiscipline scandals}} |
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[[Image:Perú en Copa América 2007.jpg|right|thumb|''La Blanquirroja'' in the [[Copa América 2007|Copa América Venezuela 2007]].]] |
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== Supporters == |
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Afterwards, Peru would miss out on seven consecutive FIFA World Cup tournaments. The [[1987 Alianza Lima air disaster]] further crushed hopes for the team as a series of good players ready to play for Peru and the national team's coach [[Marcos Calderón]] (among others) died.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Trágicos accidentes se han llevado dos planteles de fútbol en el Perú: el de Alianza Lima y el de Juan Aurich de Chiclayo | publisher=Jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com| url=http://jaimepulgarvidal.blogspot.com/2007/09/trgicos-accidentes-se-han-llevado-dos.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Nevertheless, Peru nearly qualified for the 1986 and 1998 editions of the tournament. In 1986, the Peruvians needed a victory against Argentina in order to directly qualify to the World Cup, but an Argentina led by [[Diego Maradona]] obtained a draw that forced Peru to participate in a play-off game against Chile, which Peru lost. Similarly, in 1998 Peru missed the chance to appear in the World Cup tournament only due to their goal difference with Chile.<ref>{{cite web | title=World Cup 1998 qualifications| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/98qual.html#sam| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> |
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{{see also|Football in Peru}} |
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[[File:Machu Picchu, Peru - Laslovarga (267).jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of a large poster, placed on a wall behind a tree, depicting a man celebrating|Giant poster in [[Aguas Calientes, Peru|the town]] below [[Machu Picchu]], featuring [[Edison Flores]] and the cheer ''¡Arriba Perú!''|180x180px]] |
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Football has been the most popular sport in Peru since the early 20th century, with Peru having one of the largest fanbases in the Americas and possibly the world.{{sfn|Bravo|2012|p=42}} Originally largely exclusive to Lima's [[Anglophile]] elite and expatriates, and secluded from the rest of the city,{{sfn|Wood|2007|p=128}} football became an integral part of wider popular culture during the 1900s and 1910s. Over the following decades, Augusto Leguía's government institutionalised the sport into a national pastime by promoting and organising its development.{{sfn|Wood|2007|pp=128–129}} Consequently, the national football team became an important element of Peru's [[national identity]].{{sfn|Campomar|2014|pp=303–304}} According to the historian Carlos Aguirre, [[Nationalism|nationalist]] fervor spiked during the [[1970 FIFA World Cup qualification|qualification phase]] for the 1970 World Cup finals, because the revolutionary government of General [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]] tied the national team's success with the alleged cultural, social, and psychological changes spurred by the country's new political project.{{sfn|Aguirre|2013|pp=397–398}} |
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Despite the losses, in 1986 Peru was invited to participate in its first Asian tournament, the [[Nehru Cup]] of [[India]], and in 1989 Peru attained second and third places in the [[Marlboro Cup]] and the [[Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989]] (in [[Armenia, Colombia]]), respectively.<ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Copa Centenario...''">{{cite web | title=Copa Centenario de Armenia 1989 | publisher=Rsssf.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesc/cent89.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref><ref name="Rsssf.com, ''Marlboro...''">{{cite web | title=Marlboro Cups (USA) 1987–1990 | publisher=Rsssf.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/marlboro.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> Moreover, Peru attained a fourth place at the 1997 Copa América and was invited to the [[1997 U.S. Cup]], in which they beat the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]] 1–0, lost to [[Denmark national football team|Denmark]] 1–2, and tied with [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] (the eventual champions of the competition) 0–0.<ref>{{cite web | title=USA Cup 1997| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesu/uscup97.html| accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref> Later, in 1999, the team won its first [[Kirin Cup]] and would attain a second title in the [[Japan]]ese competition in 2005.<ref name="FutbolPlanet.com, ''Kirin Cup 2005''">{{cite web | title=Kirin Cup 2005 | publisher=FutbolPlanet.com| url=http://www.futbolplanet.de/asia/friendly_tournaments/kirin_cup_2005.htm | accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> In the year 2000, the team was invited to join the [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]] tournament along with [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] and [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]],<ref name="Peru.com, ''Copa de Oro''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Copa de Oro| publisher=Peru.com| url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/seleccion/copadeoro/ | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> and earned third place in the North American competition.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|publisher=Terra.com|url=http://www.terra.com/deportes/articulo/html/fox388189.htm| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Players like [[Nolberto Solano]], [[Andrés Mendoza (footballer)|Andrés Mendoza]], [[Flavio Maestri]], [[Roberto Palacios]], [[Claudio Pizarro]], and [[José del Solar]] made a positive difference to the team's performance.<ref name="RSSSF, ''Copa America 1999''">{{cite web | title=Copa America 1999| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tables/99safull.html| accessdate=2009-02-15}}</ref> |
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Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ''¡Arriba Perú!'' ("Onward Peru!"),{{sfn|Foley Gambetta|1983|p=12}} unabating popular chant ''[[Vamos (football chant)|¡Vamos peruanos!]]'' (Let's go Peruvians!),<ref>{{cite web | first=Roberto | last=Ochoa | title=El tango del ganador | work=La República |publisher=Grupo La República| url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/1267920-tango-ganador | language=es |date=27 June 2018 | access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref> as well as for their use of traditional Peruvian ''[[música criolla]]'' to express support, both at national team games and at club matches. ''Música criolla'' attained national and international recognition with the advent of [[mass media]] during the 1930s, becoming a recognised symbol of Peru and its culture.{{sfn|Wood|2007|p=130}} The national team's most popular anthems are ''Peru Campeón'', a ''polca criolla'' (Peruvian polka) glorifying Peru's qualification for the Mexico 1970 World Cup,{{sfn|Wood|2007|p=130}} and ''Contigo Perú'', a ''[[vals criollo]]'' (Peruvian waltz) that newspaper ''[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]'' calls "the hymn of Peruvian national football teams".<ref>{{cite news | language=es |title=Cuando Óscar Avilés "clasificó" con Perú al Mundial de 1978 | url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/cuando-oscar-aviles-clasifico-peru-al-mundial-1978-noticia-1720732 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=5 April 2014| access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref>{{efn-ua|Peru's unsuccessful World Cup finals qualification attempts, from Mexico 1986 until Russia 2018, cemented the fans' nostalgia for the 1970s' golden era and increased the popularity of ''Peru Campeón''.{{sfn|Aguirre|2013|p=412}}}} In 2018, a FIFA-sanctioned worldwide [[Open-access poll|online poll]] honoured the "fervent and dedicated group" of Peruvian supporters at that year's World Cup tournament with the [[The Best FIFA Football Awards|FIFA Fan Award]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The FIFA Fan Award | url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fan-award/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106182253/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fan-award/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 January 2017 | publisher=FIFA.com| access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> |
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In 2007, Peru's [[Peru national under-17 football team|U-17 squad]] surprised the nation by qualifying for and reaching the quarterfinals of the [[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup]]. During the 2010 qualification season, a corruption and indiscipline scandal shook the national team as Peruvian journalists [[Jaime Bayly]] and [[Magaly Medina]] revealed that a series of Peru's most recognized players, including Claudio Pizarro, Andrés Mendoza, [[Santiago Acasiete]], [[Paolo Guerrero]], and [[Jefferson Farfán]], were seen at nightclubs and parties only days before the team was scheduled to play qualifier matches. Several players were banned from playing for the national team while others were put under investigation.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Jaime Bayly: Pizarro hizo una fiesta en su casa después del Perú-Paraguay| publisher=Rpp.com | url=http://www.rpp.com.pe/2007-12-17-jaime-bayly--pizarro-hizo-una-fiesta-en-su-casa-despues-del-peru-paraguay-noticia_107943.html| accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Magaly no se presentó al juzgado por la demanda de Paolo Guerrero| publisher=Rpp.com | url=http://www.rpp.com.pe/detalle_121307.html| accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref> Ironically, banned players such as Pizarro and Farfán ended up with successful 2009 seasons while the national team suffered shame in the bottom of the South American qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Prensa llena de elogios a peruanos Claudio Pizarro, Jefferson Farfán y Juan Vargas| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/portada20090927/57489/Prensa-llena-de-elogios-a-peruanos-Claudio-Pizarro-Jefferson-Farfan-y-Juan-Vargas| accessdate=2009-09-27}}</ref> |
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The [[Estadio Nacional disaster]] of 24 May 1964, involving Peruvian supporters, is cited as one of the worst tragedies in football history.<ref>See: |
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In a further blow to the team's reputation, in November 2008, [[FIFA]] suspended several [[Peruvian Football Federation]] authorities, as well as several Peruvian Football League authorities and referees; additionally, the national team was barred from participating in international competition, under allegations of irregularities between the FPF, the Peruvian Institute of Sports (IPD), and the Peruvian [[Politics of Peru|government]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Suspension of the Peruvian Football Association| publisher=FIFA.com | url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/releases/newsid=959151.html#suspension+peruvian+football+association| accessdate=2008-08-09}}</ref> The president of the IPD, Arturo Woodman, and the Peruvian government had made re-election of FPF President [[Manuel Burga]] illegal under allegations of corruption. With FIFA's approval, the FPF later reappointed Burga.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Woodman: "La FPF es la única responsable de la pérdida del Sudamericano"|publisher=Elcomercio.com | url=http://www.elcomercio.com.pe/ediciononline/HTML/2008-11-07/woodman-la-fpf-unica-responsable-perdida-sudamericano.html| accessdate=2009-03-15}}</ref> After the FPF and IPD agreed to discuss the matter and reach an agreement, FIFA President [[Sepp Blatter]] lifted the bans and restrictions.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La FIFA Levanta La Sancion al Futbol Peruano| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/sgc/portada/2008/12/20/detalle16993.aspx| accessdate=2008-12-20}}</ref> |
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* {{harvnb|Snyder|2001|p=78}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Goldblatt|2008|p=642}}.</ref> During a qualifying match for the [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964 Olympics]] between Peru's under-20 team and its counterpart from Argentina, the Uruguayan referee Angel Payos disallowed a would-be Peruvian equaliser, alleging rough play. Spectators threw missiles from the stands while two fans invaded the pitch and attacked the referee. Police threw [[tear gas]] into the crowd, causing a stampede; trying to escape, fans were crushed against the stadium's locked gates. A total of 315 people died in the chaos, with more than 500 others injured.<ref>See: |
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* {{harvnb|Snyder|2001|p=79}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Goldblatt|2008|p=642}}.</ref> |
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== Rivalries == |
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As a result of the controversy, Peru was stripped of its opportunity to host the [[2009 South American Youth Championship]]; the tournament was held in Venezuela instead. Peru's hopes of qualifying for the 2010 World Cup were dashed early on, as the team was the first CONMEBOL squad to be eliminated from the finals. The Peruvian sports press dubbed the current squad ''"Los Hijos de Burga"'' (the "Sons of Burga"), in reference to the FPF's president, who was widely blamed for Peru's terrible qualifying campaign. The press went on to name the squad the worst in the national team's 82-year history, amidst calls for Burga's resignation.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Perú cae ante Chile en Lima y confirma por qué es último en Sudamérica| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/sgc/portada/2009/03/29/detalle28262.aspx| accessdate=2008-12-20}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=José "Chemo" del Solar bate un récord con Perú| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/eliminatorias201020090610/38758/Jose-Chemo-del-Solar-bate-un-record-con-Peru| accessdate=2009-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Prensa concuerda que Perú es el peor equipo de la historia| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/portada20090611/38820/Prensa-concuerda-que-Peru-es-el-peor-equipo-de-la-historia| accessdate=2009-06-11}}</ref> Following the end of the qualifiers, [[Juan Manuel Vargas]] and [[Nolberto Solano]], who officially retired from the team at this time, expressed their hopes to change the way things were going for the national squad.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Selección peruana le dice adiós a Nolberto Solano y Roberto Palacios| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/portada20091014/60526/Seleccion-peruana-le-dice-adios-a-Nolberto-Solano-y-Roberto-Palacios| accessdate=2009-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Juan Vargas y una promesa al hincha: "Esperamos no defraudarlos más"| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/eliminatorias201020091014/60553/Juan-Vargas-y-una-promesa-al-hincha-Esperamos-no-defraudarlos-mas| accessdate=2009-10-15}}</ref> The team finalized the qualifying tournament in last place, with only 3 victories and a mere 13 points. Further reflecting the team's terrible state, in the August 2009 [[FIFA World Rankings]] Peru reached spot 91, its lowest ranking to date.<ref>{{cite web | title=FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking| publisher=FIFA.com | url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/lastranking/gender=m/fullranking.html#confederation=0&rank=185&page=2| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> |
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=== |
=== Chile === |
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{{main|Chile–Peru football rivalry}} |
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[[File:Raul Toro y Lolo Fernandez.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=Portrait of two men, dressed in sports attire, looking straight at the viewer|Chile's [[Raúl Toro Julio|Raúl Toro]] and Peru's [[Teodoro Fernández]], opponents in the [[1937 South American Championship]].]] |
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The Peru national football team maintains prominent rivalries with its counterparts from neighbouring [[Chile national football team|Chile]] and [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]]. The Peruvians have a favourable record against Ecuador and a negative record against Chile.<ref name="Ecuador Peru record">{{cite news | title=Ecuador-Peru, 1938–2011|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/ecuaperures.html|date=6 March 2012| website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Chile Peru record">{{cite news|title=Chile – Peru matches, 1935–2011|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/chilperures.html|date=6 March 2012|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> Peru faced both rivals in the 1939 South American Championship in Lima, which also marked the first time that Peru faced Ecuador in an official tournament; Peru won both games.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=652}} Peru also defeated its rivals during qualifying for the [[1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|Argentina 1978 World Cup]], directly eliminating both teams.<ref name="Ecuador Peru record"/><ref name="Chile Peru record"/> |
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[[Héctor Chumpitaz]], Peru's former star defense, suggested that more renowned coaches, such as [[Gustavo Costas]] and [[Luis Fernando Suárez]], be given a chance at leading Peru based on their successes in the national football league.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Héctor Chumpitaz propone a Gustavo Costas o Luis Fernando Suárez para dirigir a Perú| publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/eliminatorias201020091014/60437/Hector-Chumpitaz-propone-a-Gustavo-Costas-o-Luis-Fernando-Suarez-para-dirigir-a-Peru| accessdate=2009-10-15}}</ref> After weeks of speculation, on July 2, 2010, Uruguayan [[Sergio Markarián]] took charge of the national team with the task of leading Peru in the [[2011 Copa América]] and the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Markarian, nuevo técnico de Perú| publisher=Espndeportes.espn.go.com | url=http://espndeportes.espn.go.com/news/story?id=1053656&s=futbol/mundial&type=story| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Markarian's work with the national team gained the attention of such notable figures as [[Pele]], who commented Peru held "all the possibilities in the world" of qualifying under Markarian.<ref>http://peru.com/futbol/4059/noticia-pele-peru-tiene-chances-ir-al-mundial</ref> Markarian started to work with the limited number of player available, since stars [[Claudio Pizarro]], [[Juan Manuel Vargas]] and [[Paolo Guerrero]] were off due to injuries. On the first match of the Markarian era, only [[Jefferson Farfan]] was called from the 4 stars, and the result was a 2-0 win over [[Canada national football team|Canada]]. Then the Peruvian squad would go on to win 2-1 to [[Jamaica national football team|Jamaica]]. For the first time the new team played in Peru and managed a 2-0 win over Costa Rica. Weeks later a 1-0 loss against Panama and a afterwards scandal on a [[casino]] on Panama which resulted in the separation of Jefferson Farfan, [[Reimond Manco]], and [[John Galliquio]] would unleashed a huge criticsm to teh team. This became a huge scandal on the country and proved to be the fire proof for the new coach. Then a draw with Colombia and a victory over Panama would calm the storm of critics and return peace to the team. Peru participated on the 2011 [[Kirin Cup]] which it won along [[Japan national football team|Japan]] and [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]] after every single game ended in a 0-0 draw. Prior to the participation on the [[2011 Copa America]] coach Markarian had a bad luck streak after Claudio Pizarro, Jefferson Farfan, and Juan Manuel Vargas were injured during practices. The last game before the Copa America was played agaist Senegal, a game which proved to be a big mistake after [[Luis Alberto Ramírez|Luis Ramirez]] and [[Carlos Zambrano (footballer)|Carlos Zambrano]] were injured due to the hard style of play from the africans, eventough a 1-0 win was achieved with a last minute goal from Paolo Guerrero. This returned hope that the only remaining star not injured had returned to his best shape. This hope was made brighter when Peru made his debut against [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]], with a 1-1 draw, with Paolo Guerrero scoring for Peru. A 1-0 win over [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] and a 1-0 loss against Chile would qualify Peru to the next round. On quarter finals peru was to face [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] with a huge favoritism for Colombia, Peru managed to win 2-0 on extra time with goals from [[Carlos Lobaton]] and [[Juan Manuel Vargas]]. This win made the whole country explote in joy, after so many years a national team was amogn the top 4 of America. On semifinal Peru lost againt the eventual champion Uruguay. This did not finish the hope for after such an amazing campaign the whole country was expecting to win the thrid place against Venezuela, to claim the bronze and be in the podium. Peru responded with a 4–1 victory over Venezuela with a [[hat-trick]] by Paolo Guerrero, the peruvian star of the tournament, to claim the bronze. Paolo Guerrero would be crowned as the top goal scorer of the tournament with 5 goals, and be regarded by most international press as the best player of the tournament, eventhough that prize finally went to [[Luis Alberto Suárez|Luis Suarez]]. |
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The Chile–Peru football rivalry is known in Spanish as the ''Clásico del Pacífico'' ("Pacific Derby").<ref name="Chile Peru rivalry"/> [[CNN]] World Sport editor Greg Duke ranks it among the top ten football rivalries in the world.<ref>{{cite news |first=Greg |last=Duke |title=Top 10 international rivalries |publisher=CNN |access-date=27 June 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/football/11/06/first11.rivalries/index.html |date=6 November 2008}}</ref> Peru first faced Chile in the 1935 South American Championship, defeating it 1–0.<ref name="Chile Peru record"/> The football rivalry between Peru and Chile, partly a reflection of the geopolitical conflict between both neighboring states, is primarily a result of both football squads vying for recognition as the better team in South America's Pacific coast—as their football confederation is historically dominated by countries in South America's Atlantic coast.<ref>{{cite thesis|type=Licentiate|last=Pahuacho Portella|first=Alonso Roberto|date=2017|title=La representación de la rivalidad futbolística Perú/Chile en la prensa escrita peruana: Análisis de los diarios El Comercio, La Prensa y La Crónica (1935-1947)|language=es|publisher=Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú|place=Lima|url=http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9774}}</ref> The two countries traditionally compete with each other over the rank of fourth-best national team in South America (after Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay).{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=126}} They also both claim to have invented the [[bicycle kick]]; Peruvians call it the ''chalaca'', while it is the ''chilena'' in Chile.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=22}} |
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After the Copa America, the squad returned to Peru for the inaguration of the new [[Estadio Nacional (Lima)|Estadio Nacional]], were they were ovationated by thousands, especially the coach, [[Sergio Markarian]]. |
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== |
=== Ecuador === |
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The rivalry between the Ecuador and Peru football teams is rooted in the historical [[History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute|border conflict]] between the two nations dating back to the 19th century. In 1995, after the brief [[Cenepa War]], CONMEBOL contemplated altering [[1995 Copa América|that year's Copa América]] group stage to prevent a match between the two sides, but ultimately did not.{{sfn|Llopis|2009|p=171}} According to cultural historian [[Michael Handelsman]], Ecuadorian fans consider losses to [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] or Peru "an excuse to lament Ecuador's inability to establish itself as an international soccer power".{{sfn|Handelsman|2000|p=49}} Handelsman adds that "[t]he rivalries are intense, and the games always carry an element of national pride and honor".{{sfn|Handelsman|2000|p=49}} |
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{{main|Peru at the FIFA World Cup}} |
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[[File:1982-paraguay-wm-spain-1-peru.JPG|right|thumb|230px|Peruvian team featured in a Paraguayan stamp of the 1982 FIFA World Cup held in Spain.]] |
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==Results and fixtures== |
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Peru has played at four [[FIFA World Cup]] finals, the first in 1930 and the last in 1982.<ref>{{cite web | title=Peru (PER) | publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=per/countryInfo.html| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> In the 1930 ''la Blanquirroja'' lost both of its matches. During the match against [[Romania national football team|Romania]], Peru's [[Placido Galindo]] became the first player to be [[Ejection (sports)|sent off]] during a World Cup.<ref>{{cite web | title=101 Facts| publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fanfest/magazine/magazine06-06p.4en_3358.pdf| accessdate=2009-06-15}}</ref> In 1969, Peru had an infamous 1–2 loss to Bolivia in the [[1970 FIFA World Cup qualification|1970 FIFA World Cup qualifiers]], after which match referee Sergio Chechelev admitted to having been paid by Argentina to fix the game in Bolivia's favor.<ref name="Arkiv Peru, ''Grandes Broncas''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Grandes Broncas del Futbol Peruano| publisher=Arkivperu.com| url=http://www.arkivperu.com/broncas.htm| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> Peru eventually qualified for the [[1970 FIFA World Cup]] in a historic 2–2 match against [[Argentina National Football Team|Argentina]], which became ''La Albiceleste'''s first and only time they did not qualify for the tournament finals.<ref name="FIFA.com, ''El dia que...''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=El día que Perú enmudeció a la Bombonera | publisher=Fifa.com | url=http://es.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=735385.html#| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> The 1970 team led by [[Waldir Pereira|"Didi" Pereira]] beat Bulgaria 3–2 after trailing 0–2 at half-time,<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Mundial de Fútbol 1970 México – Primera Ronda| publisher=Infofutbolonline.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.infofutbolonline.com/torneos/mundial_1970_grupos.htm#groupd}}</ref> beat Morocco 3–0, lost to Germany 1–3, and were finally eliminated by Brazil 4–2 in the quarterfinal match.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Teófilo Cubillas y Héctor Chumpitaz en el equipo ideal de Sudamérica según revista deportiva |
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{{Further|Peru national football team results (2020–present)}} |
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| publisher=Perucampeon.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.perucampeon.com/seleccion-peruana/teofilo-cubillas-y-hector-chumpitaz-en-el-equipo-ideal-de-sudamerica-segun-revista-deportiva.html}}</ref><ref>{{es icon}}{{cite news | title=Cubillas: "Un trampolín para jugadores" | publisher=News.bbc.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/deportes/newsid_6765000/6765663.stm | date=2007-06-18}}</ref> |
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The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled. |
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{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
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Peru qualified for the 1978 cup [[FIFA World Cup 1978|held in Argentina]], where they famously beat [[Ally MacLeod]]'s [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] [[Peru v Scotland (1978)|3–1]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Travellers Tales – Cusco, Perú | publisher=Planetworldcup.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.planetworldcup.com/GUESTS/matt20020826.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Peru – Scotland| publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2451/report.html}}</ref><ref name="Arkiv Peru, ''Peru-Escocia (1978)''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Perú-Escocia (1978)| publisher=Arkivperu.com| url=http://www.arkivperu.com/escocia.htm| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> and infamously lost to [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in a game that is claimed to have been set up by the military junta that governed Argentina during those times.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title= Dic 2007 El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia| publisher=Perucampeon.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.perucampeon.com/seleccion-peruana/el-argentina-%E2%80%93-peru-del-mundial-del-78-la-otra-historia.html}}</ref> Peru qualified in first place from its group after also drawing with [[Netherlands national football team|the Netherlands]] at 0–0 and beating [[Iran national football team|Iran]] 4–1.<ref>{{cite web | title=Peru – Iran| publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2405/report.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Netherlands – Peru| publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/results/matches/match=2394/report.html}}</ref> It was rumored that Peru had been paid by the [[National Reorganization Process|Argentine military government]] to play poorly in order to concede the goals Argentina needed; fueling the rumors was the fact that the Peruvian goalkeeper, Ramón Quiroga, was born in Argentina. None of the allegations could be proven, and Argentina went on to win the tournament.<ref name="Perucampeon.com, ''El Argentina...''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=El Argentina – Perú del Mundial del 78. La otra historia | publisher=Perucampeon.com | url=http://www.perucampeon.com/seleccion-peruana/el-argentina-%E2%80%93-peru-del-mundial-del-78-la-otra-historia.html| accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> By the time the [[FIFA World Cup 1982|Spain 1982 World Cup]] came, the Peruvian squad made a successful practice tour in Europe and Africa,<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> but ties with Cameroon and Italy and a defeat by Poland (5–1) saw them leave the tournament early.<ref>{{cite web | title=Poland – Peru| publisher=FIFA.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=59/results/matches/match=1055/report.html}}</ref> |
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{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
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{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
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{{legend2|#FFFFFF|Fixture|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} |
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===2023=== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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!colspan=9|[[FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup record]] |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 7 September |
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|time = {{UTZ|18:30|−4}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PAR}} |
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|score = 0–0 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017275 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Antonio Aranda]] |
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|location = [[Ciudad del Este]], Paraguay |
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|attendance = 16,211 |
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|referee = [[Andrés Matonte]] ([[Uruguayan Football Association|Uruguay]]) |
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|result = D |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 12 September |
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|time = {{UTZ|21:00|−5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 0–1 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017283 |
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|team2 = {{fb|BRA}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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*[[Marquinhos]] {{goal|90}} |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú|Estadio Nacional]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = 56,328 |
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|referee = [[Fernando Rapallini]] ([[Argentine Football Association|Argentina]]) |
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|result = L |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 12 October |
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|time = {{UTZ|21:00|−3}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|CHI}} |
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|score = 2–0 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017347 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
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*[[Diego Valdés (Chilean footballer)|Valdés]] {{goal|74}} |
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*[[Marcos López|López]] {{goal|90+1|o.g.}} |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Monumental David Arellano]] |
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|location = [[Santiago]], Chile |
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|attendance = 36,847 |
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|referee = [[Wilmar Roldán]] ([[Colombian Football Federation|Colombia]]) |
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|result = L |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 17 October |
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|time = {{UTZ|21:00|−5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 0–2 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017348 |
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|team2 = {{fb|ARG}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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*[[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{goal|32||42}} |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú|Estadio Nacional]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = 37,675 |
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|referee = [[Jesús Valenzuela]] ([[Venezuelan Football Federation|Venezuela]]) |
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|result = L |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 16 November |
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|time = {{UTZ|16:00|-4}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|BOL}} |
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|score = 2–0 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017641?gender=1&date=2023-11-16&prev=competition |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
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*[[Henry Vaca|H. Vaca]] {{goal|20}} |
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*[[Ramiro Vaca|R. Vaca]] {{goal|87}} |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Hernando Siles]] |
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|location = [[La Paz]], Bolivia |
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|attendance = 28,000 |
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|referee = [[Guillermo Guerrero]] ([[Ecuadorian Football Federation|Ecuador]]) |
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|result = L |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = 21 November |
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|time = {{UTZ|21:00|-5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 1–1 |
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|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288315/288316/400017644?gender=1&date=2023-11-22 |
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|team2 = {{fb|VEN}} |
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|goals1 = |
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*[[Yoshimar Yotun|Y.Yotun]] {{goal|17}} |
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|goals2 = |
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*[[Jefferson Savarino|J.Savarino]] {{goal|54}} |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = 27,323 |
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|referee = [[Darío Herrera (referee)|Darío Herrera]] ([[Argentine Football Association|Argentina]]) |
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|result = D |
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}} |
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===2024=== |
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{{football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|date = 22 March |
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|time = {{UTZ|20:45|+1}} |
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|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 2–0 |
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|report =https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/697143/nicaragua-peru |
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|team2 = {{fb|NCA}} |
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|goals1 =* [[Joao Grimaldo|Grimaldo]] {{goal|2}} |
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* [[Gianluca Lapadula|Lapadula]] {{goal|12}} |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Alejandro Villanueva]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance =33,900 |
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|referee =[[Paulo Cezar Zanovelli Da Silva|Paulo Cezar Zanovelli]] ([[Brazilian Football Federation|Brazil]]) |
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|result =W |
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}} |
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{{footballbox collapsible |
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|format = 1 |
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|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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|date = 26 March |
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|time = {{UTZ|20:00|−4}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 4–1 |
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|report =https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/697144/dominican-republic-peru |
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|team2 = {{fb|DOM}} |
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|goals1 =* [[Sergio Peña (Peruvian footballer)|Peña]] {{goal|18}} |
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* [[Jesús Castillo (Peruvian footballer)|Castillo]] {{goal|45+1}} |
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* [[Piero Quispe|Quispe]] {{goal|54}} |
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* [[Paolo Guerrero|Guerrero]] {{goal|90+4|pen.}} |
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|goals2 =* [[Jean Carlos López|J.C. López]] {{goal|58}} |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Monumental "U"|Estadio Monumental]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = |
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|referee =[[Braulio Da Silva Machado]] ([[Brazilian Football Federation|Brazil]]) |
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|result =W |
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}} |
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{{football box collapsible|format=1 |
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|date = 7 June |
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|time = {{UTZ|20:45|+1}} |
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|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 0–0 |
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|report = |
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|team2 = {{fb|PAR}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Monumental "U"|Estadio Monumental]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = |
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|result = D |
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}} |
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{{footballbox collapsible |
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|format = 1 |
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|round = [[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |
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|date = 14 June |
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|time = {{UTZ|20:30|−4}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|SLV}} |
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|score = 0–1 |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/06/15/world/friendlies/el-salvador/peru/4353043/ |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 =*[[Edison Flores|Flores]] {{goal|20}} |
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|location = [[Philadelphia]], United States |
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|stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]] |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = |
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|result = W |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2024 Copa América]] |
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|date = 21 June |
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|time = {{UTZ|19:00|−5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 0–0 |
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|team2 = {{fb|CHI}} |
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|report = |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[AT&T Stadium]] |
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|location = [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]], United States |
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|attendance = 43,030 |
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|referee = [[Wilton Sampaio]] ([[Brazilian Football Confederation|Brazil]]) |
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|result = D |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2024 Copa América]] |
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|date = 25 June |
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|time = {{UTZ|17:00|−5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = 0–1 |
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|team2 = {{fb|CAN}} |
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|report = |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
|||
*[[Jonathan David|David]] {{goal|74}} |
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|stadium = [[Children's Mercy Park]] |
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|location = [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]], United States |
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|attendance = 15,625 |
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|referee = [[Mario Escobar (referee)|Mario Escobar]] ([[National Football Federation of Guatemala|Guatemala]]) |
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|result = L |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible|format=1 |
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|round = [[2024 Copa América]] |
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|date = 29 June |
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|time = {{UTZ|20:00|−4}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|ARG}} |
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|score = |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|report = |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Hard Rock Stadium]] |
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|location = [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]], United States |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = [[César Arturo Ramos]] ([[Mexican Football Federation|Mexico]]) |
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|result = |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = September |
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|time = {{UTZ|--:--|−5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = |
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|report = |
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|team2 = {{fb|COL}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
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|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú|Estadio Nacional]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = |
|||
|result = |
|||
}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = September |
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|time = {{UTZ|--:--|-5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|ECU}} |
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|score = |
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|report = |
|||
|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = |
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|location = Ecuador |
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|attendance = |
|||
|referee = |
|||
|result = |
|||
}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
|||
|format=1 |
|||
|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
|||
|date = October |
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|time = {{UTZ|--:--|-5}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = |
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|report = |
|||
|team2 = {{fb|URU}} |
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|goals1 = |
|||
|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = |
|||
|referee = |
|||
|result = |
|||
}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
|||
|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
|||
|date = October |
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|time = {{UTZ|--:--|-3}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|BRA}} |
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|score = |
|||
|report = |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
|||
|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = |
|||
|location = Brazil |
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|attendance = |
|||
|referee = |
|||
|result = |
|||
}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
|||
|format=1 |
|||
|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
|||
|date = November |
|||
|time = {{UTZ|--:--|-5}} |
|||
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PER}} |
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|score = |
|||
|report = |
|||
|team2 = {{fb|CHI}} |
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|goals1 = |
|||
|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = [[Estadio Nacional del Perú]] |
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|location = [[Lima]], Peru |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = |
|||
|result = |
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}} |
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{{Football box collapsible |
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|format=1 |
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|round = [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2026 World Cup qualification]] |
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|date = November |
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|time = {{UTZ|--:--|-3}} |
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|team1 = {{fb-rt|ARG}} |
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|score = |
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|report = |
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|team2 = {{fb|PER}} |
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|goals1 = |
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|goals2 = |
|||
|stadium = |
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|location = Argentina |
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|attendance = |
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|referee = |
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|result = |
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}} |
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== Managers == |
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{{main|Peru national football team manager}} |
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[[File:Valdir Pereira Peru Coach in 1970.png|thumb|upright|right|alt=Photo of a man with a moustache, wearing a sports outfit, in a thoughtful pose|[[Didi (footballer, born 1928)|Didi]] managed Peru at the Mexico 1970 World Cup.]] |
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A total of 44 [[Manager (association football)|managers]] have led the Peru national football team since 1927 (including multiple spells separately); of these, 36 have been from Peru and 24 have been from abroad.<ref name="Entrenadores">{{cite web | title=Selección peruana: Estos han sido sus entrenadores a lo largo de la historia | work=Perú21 | publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio | url=http://peru21.pe/deportes/seleccion-peruana-estos-han-sido-sus-entrenadores-lo-largo-historia-2213629 | date=5 March 2015 | access-date=22 June 2015 | language=es | archive-date=23 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623051224/http://peru21.pe/deportes/seleccion-peruana-estos-han-sido-sus-entrenadores-lo-largo-historia-2213629 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Sports analysts and historians generally consider Peru's most successful managers to have been the Englishman [[Jack Greenwell]] and the Peruvian [[Marcos Calderón]]. The former managed Peru to triumph in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 South American Championship, and the latter led Peru to victory in the 1975 Copa América tournament and coached it at the 1978 FIFA World Cup.<ref name="Once Ideal"/>{{sfn|Panfichi|Vich|2005|p=162}} Three other managers have led Peru to tournament victories—[[Juan Carlos Oblitas]], [[Freddy Ternero]], and [[Sergio Markarián]] each oversaw Peru's victory in the Kirin Cup in Japan, in 1999, 2005 and 2011, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |title=Perú comparte la Copa Kirin con Japón y República Checa | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/futbol-peruano/peru-comparte-copa-kirin-japon-republica-checa-noticia-772722 | date=7 June 2011 |access-date=4 July 2015| language=es}}</ref> |
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Soon after forming Peru's national football team, the FPF invited Uruguayan coaches Pedro Olivieri and Julio Borelli to manage the squad. Olivieri received the FPF's first appointment, for the 1927 South American Championship, due to his prior experience managing [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]]. Borelli became the national team's second manager, for the 1929 South American Championship, after some years of [[Referee (association football)|refereeing]] football matches in Peru.<ref>{{cite web | first=Raúl | last=Behr |title=El entrenador del silbato | publisher=DeChalaca| url=http://dechalaca.com/informes/curiosidades/el-entrenador-del-silbato | date=6 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2013| language=es}}</ref> The Spaniard [[Francisco Bru]], Peru's third manager and first World Cup coach at the inaugural tournament in 1930, previously had been [[Spain national football team|Spain]]'s first manager.<ref name="Once Ideal">{{cite web | first=Roberto | last=Castro |title=Once Ideal: La cumbre de los técnicos | publisher=DeChalaca | url=http://dechalaca.com/hemeroteca/el-once-ideal/080516rconcetecnicoseuropeos | date=16 May 2008 |access-date=28 June 2013| language=es}}</ref> The FPF next appointed the national team's first Peruvian coach, Telmo Carbajo, for the [[1935 South American Championship]].<ref name="Entrenadores"/> Coach [[Ricardo Gareca]] was credited well, bringing Peru to the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]], finished second in the [[2019 Copa América|2019]] and placed third in [[2015 Copa América|2015]] and fourth in [[2021 Copa América|2021 Copa América's]], along with almost bringing Peru to their sixth World Cup in [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] but was removed in 2022. The team's manager since December 2023 is Uruguay's [[Jorge Fossati]]. |
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Managers that brought outstanding changes to the Peru national team's style of play include the Hungarian [[György Orth]] and the Brazilians [[Didi (footballer, born 1928)|Didi]] and [[Tim (footballer)|Tim]]. Orth coached Peru from 1957 to 1959; sports historian Andreas Campomar cites Peru's "4–1 thrashing of England in Lima" as evidence of Orth's positive influence over the national team's offensive game.{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=304}} [[Víctor Benítez]], Peru's defensive midfielder under Orth, attributes the Hungarian with maximizing the team's potential by accurately placing each player in their [[Association football positions|optimal positions]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Mario Fernández Guevara | title=Víctor Benítez: "¿Pizarro jugó? Yo sí jugué los 90 minutos y fui campeón de Europa" | work=El Comercio | publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio | url=http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/futbol-mundial/victor-benitez-pizarro-jugo-yo-si-jugue-90-minutos-fui-campeon-europa-noticia-1674442 | date=17 December 2013 | access-date=27 November 2017 | language=es | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035131/http://archivo.elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/futbol-mundial/victor-benitez-pizarro-jugo-yo-si-jugue-90-minutos-fui-campeon-europa-noticia-1674442 | archive-date=1 December 2017 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Didi coached Peru from 1968 to 1970 and managed it at the 1970 FIFA World Cup; Campomar attributes Didi's tactics as the reason for Peru's development of a "free-flowing football" style.{{sfn|Campomar|2014|p=304}} ''[[Placar]]'', a Brazilian sports journal, attributed Tim, who managed Peru at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, with making Peru "a team that plays beautiful, combining efficiency with that swagger that people thought only existed in Brazil".<ref>{{cite journal| first= Sérgio | last= Cabral |title= A Bringo O Jogo |journal= Placar | issue=592 |page=30|publisher= Editora Abril |date= 1981}}</ref> |
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== Players == |
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=== Current squad === |
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The following 26 players were called up to the squad for the [[2024 Copa América]].<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Peruvian Football Federation|author-link=Peruvian Football Federation|user=SeleccionPeru|number=1793740048229405074|title=Los elegidos del exterior|date=23 May 2024|language=es|access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Peruvian Football Federation|author-link=Peruvian Football Federation|user=SeleccionPeru|number=1796315433454141791|title=Presentamos a los futbolistas convocados por Jorge Fossati para representar a #LaBicolor 🇵🇪 para la fecha FIFA del mes de junio.|date=30 May 2024|language=es|access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref> |
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''Caps and goals are correct as of 25 June 2024, after the match against [[Canada men's national soccer team|Canada]].'' |
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{{nat fs g start}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Pedro Gallese]]|other=|age={{Birth date and age|1990|2|23|df=y}}|caps=108|goals=0|club=[[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]]|clubnat=USA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Carlos Cáceda]]|age={{Birth date and age|1991|9|27|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=GK|name=[[Diego Romero (footballer, born 2001)|Diego Romero]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|8|17|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs break}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Luis Abram]]|age={{Birth date and age|1996|2|27|df=y}}|caps=42|goals=1|club=[[Atlanta United FC|Atlanta United]]|clubnat=USA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Aldo Corzo]]|age={{Birth date and age|1989|5|20|df=y}}|caps=51|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Anderson Santamaría]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|1|10|df=y}}|caps=29|goals=0|club=[[Santos Laguna]]|clubnat=MEX}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Carlos Zambrano (footballer)|Carlos Zambrano]]|age={{Birth date and age|1989|7|10|df=y}}|caps=74|goals=4|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Marcos López]]|age={{Birth date and age|1999|11|20|df=y}}|caps=37|goals=0|club=[[Feyenoord]]|clubnat=NED}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Miguel Araujo]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|10|24|df=y}}|caps=34|goals=0|club=[[Portland Timbers]]|clubnat=USA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Luis Advíncula]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|3|2|df=y}}|caps=119|goals=2|club=[[Boca Juniors]]|clubnat=ARG}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Oliver Sonne]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|11|10|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Silkeborg_IF|Silkeborg]]|clubnat=DEN}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=DF|name=[[Alexander Callens]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|5|4|df=y}}|caps=43|goals=1|club=[[Girona FC|Girona]]|clubnat=ESP}} |
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{{nat fs break}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Sergio Peña (Peruvian footballer)|Sergio Peña]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|9|28|df=y}}|caps=40|goals=4|club=[[Malmö FF|Malmö]]|clubnat=SWE}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Christian Cueva]]|age={{Birth date and age|1991|11|23|df=y}}|caps=99|goals=16|club=[[Free Agent]]|clubnat=}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Jesús Castillo (Peruvian footballer)|Jesús Castillo]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|6|11|df=y}}|caps=9|goals=1|club=[[Gil Vicente F.C.|Gil Vicente]]|clubnat=POR}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=MF|name=[[Wilder Cartagena]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|9|23|df=y}}|caps=34|goals=0|club=[[Orlando City SC|Orlando City]]|clubnat=USA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=23|pos=MF|name=[[Piero Quispe]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|8|14|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=1|club=[[Club Universidad Nacional|UNAM]]|clubnat=MEX}} |
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{{nat fs break}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Andy Polo]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|9|29|df=y}}|caps=47|goals=1|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Paolo Guerrero]]|age={{Birth date and age|1984|1|1|df=y}}|caps=121|goals=[[List of international goals scored by Paolo Guerrero|39]]|club=[[Club Deportivo Universidad César Vallejo|Universidad César Vallejo]]|clubnat=PER|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Bryan Reyna]]|age={{Birth date and age|1998|8|23|df=y}}|caps=11|goals=2|club=[[Club Atlético Belgrano|Belgrano]]|clubnat=ARG}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Gianluca Lapadula]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|2|7|df=y}}|caps=35|goals=9|club=[[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]]|clubnat=ITA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[André Carrillo]]|age={{Birth date and age|1991|6|14|df=y}}|caps=100|goals=11|club=[[Al Qadsiah FC|Al-Qadsiah]]|clubnat=KSA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Edison Flores]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|5|15|df=y}}|caps=75|goals=16|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=24|pos=FW|name=[[José Rivera (Peruvian footballer)|José Rivera]]|age={{Birth date and age|1997|5|8|df=y}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=25|pos=FW|name=[[Joao Grimaldo]]|age={{Birth date and age|2003|2|20|df=y}}|caps=9|goals=1|club=[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]|clubnat=ENG}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=26|pos=FW|name=[[Franco Zanelatto]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|5|9|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs end}} |
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===Recent call-ups=== |
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The players listed below were not included in the current squad, but have been called up by Peru in the last twelve months. |
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<!--Organised by position, most recent call-up, caps, goals and last name.--> |
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{{nat fs r start|background=#e62020}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Renato Solís]]|age={{Birth date and age|1998|1|27|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|DOM}}, 26 March 2024}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Alejandro Duarte]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|4|5|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Alajuelense]]|clubnat=CRC|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs break|background=#87cefa}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Paolo Reyna]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|10|13|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|PAR}}, 7 June 2024}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Gu-Rum Choi]]|age={{Birth date and age|1998|8|22|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Asociación Deportiva Tarma|ADT]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Matías Lazo]]|age={{Birth date and age|2003|7|11|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Nelson Cabanillas]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|2|8|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Miguel Trauco]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|8|25|df=y}}|caps=75|goals=0|club=[[Criciúma Esporte Clube|Criciúma]]|clubnat=BRA|latest=v. {{fb|DOM}}, 26 March 2024}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Carlos Ascues]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|6|19|df=y}}|caps=26|goals=5|club=[[Club Deportivo Universidad César Vallejo|Universidad César Vallejo]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|DOM}}, 26 March 2024}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Erick Noriega]]|age={{birth date and age|df=y|2001|7|22}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Comerciantes Unidos]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|DOM}}, 26 March 2024}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Rafael Lutiger]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|7|3|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sport Boys]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>INJ</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Jhilmar Lora]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|10|24|df=y}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Leonardo Díaz (Peruvian footballer)|Leonardo Díaz]]|age={{Birth date and age|2004|3|19|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Marco Huamán]]|age={{Birth date and age|2002|9|25|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Alianza Lima|Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Emilio Saba]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|3|26|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Carlos A. Mannucci]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Arón Sánchez]]|age={{Birth date and age|2003|5|4|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Academia Deportiva Cantolao|Academia Cantolao]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Nilson Loyola]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|10|26|df=y}}|caps=9|goals=0|club=[[Club Deportivo Universidad César Vallejo|Universidad César Vallejo]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|ARG}}, 17 October 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Alonso Yovera]]|age={{Birth date and age|2001|2|11|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Cusco FC|Cusco]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|PAR}}, 7 September 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs break|background=#87cefa}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Renato Tapia]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|7|28|df=y}}|caps=85|goals=5|club=[[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta Vigo]]|clubnat=ESP|latest=v. {{fb|SLV}}, 14 June 2024 <sup>WD</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Martín Távara]]|age={{Birth date and age|1999|3|25|df=y}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Catriel Cabellos]]|age={{birth date and age|2004|8|18|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Alianza Lima|Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Alfonso Barco]]|age={{birth date and age|2001|12|7|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Defensor Sporting]]|clubnat=URU|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Kenji Cabrera]]|age={{birth date and age|2003|1|27|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Pedro Aquino]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|4|13|df=y}}|caps=36|goals=3|club=[[Santos Laguna]]|clubnat=MEX|latest=v. {{fb|NCA}}, 22 March 2024 <sup>INJ</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Yoshimar Yotún]] <sup>INJ</sup>|age={{Birth date and age|1990|4|7|df=y}}|caps=128|goals=8|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Alexis Arias (footballer)|Alexis Arias]]|age={{Birth date and age|1995|12|13|df=y}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Walter Tandazo]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|6|14|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Gonzalo Aguirre (footballer)|Gonzalo Aguirre]]|age={{Birth date and age|2003|5|6|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Atlético Nueva Chicago|Nueva Chicago]]|clubnat=ARG|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Adrián Ascues]]|age={{Birth date and age|2002|11|15|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Kenji Cabrera]]|age={{Birth date and age|2003|1|27|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Jefferson Cáceres]]|age={{Birth date and age|2002|8|22|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Sebastián Cavero]]|age={{Birth date and age|2002|6|20|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[FBC Melgar|Melgar]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Christian Neira]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|11|23|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Unión Comercio]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|BOL}}, 16 November 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Christofer Gonzáles]]|age={{Birth date and age|1992|10|12|df=y}}|caps=47|goals=3|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|ARG}}, 17 October 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Jairo Concha]]|age={{Birth date and age|1999|5|27|df=y}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|ARG}}, 17 October 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Jostin Alarcón]]|age={{Birth date and age|2002|7|12|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|CHI}}, 12 October 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Aldair Fuentes]]|age={{Birth date and age|1998|1|25|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Alianza Lima|Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|CHI}}, 12 October 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Leonardo Villar (footballer)|Leonardo Villar]]|age={{Birth date and age|2000|3|18|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sport Huancayo]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|CHI}}, 12 October 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs break|background=#87cefa}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=24|pos=FW|name=[[Alex Valera]]|age={{Birth date and age|1996|5|16|df=y}}|caps=15|goals=3|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|PAR}}, 7 June 2024 <sup>WD</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Raúl Ruidíaz]]|age={{Birth date and age|1990|7|25|df=y}}|caps=55|goals=4|club=[[Seattle Sounders FC|Seattle Sounders]]|clubnat=USA|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Luis Iberico]]|age={{birth date and age|1998|2|8|df=y}}|caps=7|goals=2|club=[[Riga FC|Riga]]|clubnat=LVA|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Kevin Quevedo]]|age={{birth date and age|1997|2|22|df=y}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[C.D. Universidad Católica del Ecuador|Universidad Católica]]|clubnat=ECU|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Jhamir D'Arrigo]]|age={{birth date and age|1999|11|15|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Alianza Lima|Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Fabrizio Roca]]|age={{birth date and age|2002|3|20|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sport Boys]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2024 Copa América]] <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Santiago Ormeño]]|age={{Birth date and age|1994|2|4|df=y}}|caps=11|goals=0|club=[[Club Puebla|Puebla]]|clubnat=MEX|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Matías Succar]]|age={{Birth date and age|1999|2|16|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Carlos A. Mannucci]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|VEN}}, 21 November 2023}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Christopher Olivares]]|age={{Birth date and age|1999|4|3|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Club Universitario de Deportes|Universitario]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|CHI}}, 12 October 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Brandon Palacios]]|age={{Birth date and age|1998|3|25|df=y}}|caps=0|goals=0|club=[[Sport Boys]]|clubnat=PER|latest=v. {{fb|CHI}}, 12 October 2023 <sup>PRE</sup>}} |
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{{nat fs break|background=#87cefa}} |
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<sup>INJ</sup> Player withdrew from the squad due to injury/absent from the national team due to injury.<br/> |
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<sup>PRE</sup> Preliminary squad<br> |
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<sup>SUS</sup> Player is serving a suspension<br/> |
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<sup>WD</sup> Player withdrew from the squad<br/> |
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<sup>RET</sup>Player has retired from international football. |
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{{nat fs end|background=#87cefa}} |
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=== Notable === |
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{{main|List of Peru international footballers}} |
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[[File:Sotil Cubillas Challe 1973.png|thumb|upright|left|alt=Photo of three men, wearing all-white uniforms marked by a red diagonal stripe in their jerseys, inside a stadium filled with spectators|[[Hugo Sotil]], [[Teófilo Cubillas]], and [[Roberto Challe]] ''(left to right)'' at the Estadio Nacional in 1973.]] |
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A report published by CONMEBOL in 2008 described Peru as traditionally exhibiting an "elegant, technical and fine football style", and praised it as "one of the most loyal exponents of South American football talent".<ref name="CONMEBOL">{{cite web | title=Peruvian Football Federation| publisher=CONMEBOL | url=http://www.conmebol.com/federaciones_pais_index.jsp?pais=per&slangab=E | access-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080801161211/http://www.conmebol.com/federaciones_pais_index.jsp?pais=per&slangab=E |archive-date = 1 August 2008}}</ref> In 2017, Argentine manager Ricardo Gareca described Peruvian footballers as "technically sound, [physically] strong and adaptable", adding that their adaptability resulted from Peru's diverse [[Geography of Peru|geography]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Gareca: I want Peru to boss matches at the World Cup| publisher=FIFA.com| date=11 December 2017| url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=12/news=gareca-i-want-peru-to-boss-matches-at-the-world-cup-2923857.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212042849/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2017/m=12/news=gareca-i-want-peru-to-boss-matches-at-the-world-cup-2923857.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 December 2017 | access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> |
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Peruvian players noted in the CONMEBOL report as "true artists of the ball" include forwards Teófilo Cubillas, [[Pedro Pablo León]] and Hugo Sotil, defender [[Héctor Chumpitaz]] and midfielders [[Roberto Challe]], [[César Cueto]], [[José del Solar]], and [[Roberto Palacios]].<ref name="CONMEBOL"/> Cubillas, an attacking midfielder and forward popularly known as ''El Nene'' ("The Kid"), is widely regarded as Peru's greatest ever player.<ref>See: |
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* {{harvnb|Witzig|2006|p=156}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Henshaw|1979|p=160}}, |
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* {{harvnb|Dunmore|2011|p=63}}.</ref> Chumpitaz is often cited as the team's best defender; Witzig lists him among his "Best Players of the Modern Era", and praises him as "a strong reader of the game with excellent ball skills and distribution, [who] marshalled a capable defence to support Peru's attack".{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=149}} ''[[El Gráfico (Argentina)|El Gráfico]]'', an Argentine sports journal, described Cueto, Cubillas, and [[José Velásquez (footballer, born 1952)|José Velásquez]] as, collectively, "the best [midfield] in the world" in 1978.{{sfn|Panfichi|Vich|2005|p=161}} |
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Before Cubillas' appearance, Teodoro "Lolo" Fernández, a forward nicknamed ''El Cañonero'' ("The Cannoneer"), held the status of Peru's greatest player—due to his powerful shots, marksmanship, and club loyalty to Universitario.<ref>{{cite web | title=The first king of La U and Peru| publisher=FIFA.com| date=17 September 2017| url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=9/news=the-first-king-and-peru-1511746.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922191446/http://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=9/news=the-first-king-and-peru-1511746.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 September 2015 | access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> Fernández participated as a key member of the ''Rodillo Negro'' team of the 1930s, along with Alejandro Villanueva and Juan Valdivieso.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|pp=131, 350, 486}} Fernández scored most of the team's goals; his partner in attack, the gifted playmaker Villanueva, awed audiences with his acrobatic skills. Goalkeeper Valdivieso had a reputation as a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty]] stopper with exceptional athleticism.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=350}} |
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In 1972, teams representing [[Europe XI|Europe]] and South America played a commemorative match in [[Basel]], Switzerland, for the benefit of homeless children. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, Sotil, and [[Julio Baylón]] played in the South American team, which won the game 2–0; Cubillas scored the first goal.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=143}} The teams held another match the following year, at Barcelona's [[Camp Nou]], with the declared intent of fighting global poverty. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, and Sotil again participated, with Chumpitaz named South America's captain. Each of the Peruvians scored in a 4–4 draw, which South America won 7–6 [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|on penalties]].{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|pp=144–145}} |
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== Team records == |
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{{main|Peru national football team records and statistics}} |
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The Peru national football team has [[Peru national football team results|played 645 matches]] since 1927, including friendlies.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> The largest margin of victory achieved by a Peru side was a 9–1 win against Ecuador on 11 August 1938, at the Bolivarian Games in Colombia. The team's record defeat was a 7–0 loss to Brazil at the 1997 Copa América in Bolivia.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> |
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{{updated|26 March 2024}}<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web |last1=Pierrend |first1=José Luis |title=Peru - Record International Players |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html |website=RSSSF}}</ref> |
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:''Players in '''bold''' are still active with Peru.'' |
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=== Most appearances === |
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[[File:Yoshimar Yotún (2015).jpg|175px|right|thumb|[[Yoshimar Yotún]] is Peru's joint-most capped player with 128 appearances.]] |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="30px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Rank</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="150px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Player</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="50px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Caps</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="50px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Goals</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="100px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Career</span> |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="2" |1 |
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!Year |
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| align="left" |[[Roberto Palacios]] |
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!Round |
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|128 |
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!Position |
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|19 |
|||
!GP |
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|1992–2012 |
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!W |
|||
!D* |
|||
!L |
|||
!GS |
|||
!GA |
|||
|- |
|- |
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| align="left" |'''[[Yoshimar Yotún]]''' |
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|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]] |
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|128 |
|||
|Group Stage |
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|8 |
|||
|10th |
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|{{nowrap|2011–present}} |
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|2 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|3 |
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|{{flagicon|Italy|1861}} [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]] |
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| align="left" |'''[[Paolo Guerrero]]''' |
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|colspan=8|Withdrew |
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| |
|121 |
||
|39 |
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|{{flagicon|France}} [[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]] |
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|2004–present |
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|colspan=8|Did Not Enter |
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|- |
|- |
||
|{{flagicon|Brazil|1889}} [[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]] |
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|rowspan=2 colspan=8|Withdrew |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]] |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]] |
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|rowspan=3 colspan=8|Did Not Qualify |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|England}} [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]] |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]] |
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|Quarter-Final |
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|7th |
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|4 |
|4 |
||
| align="left" |'''[[Luis Advíncula]]''' |
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|119 |
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|2 |
|2 |
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|2010–present |
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|- |
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|5 |
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| align="left" |'''[[Pedro Gallese]]''' |
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|108 |
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|0 |
|0 |
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|2014–present |
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|2 |
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|9 |
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|9 |
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|- |
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|{{flagicon|West Germany}} [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]] |
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|colspan=8|Did Not Qualify |
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|- |
|- |
||
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]] |
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|Second Group Stage |
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|8th |
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|6 |
|6 |
||
| align="left" |[[Héctor Chumpitaz]] |
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|2 |
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| |
|105 |
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|3 |
|3 |
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|1965–1981 |
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|- |
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|7 |
|7 |
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| align="left" |[[Jefferson Farfán]] |
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|12 |
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|102 |
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|27 |
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|2003–2021 |
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|- |
|- |
||
|8 |
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|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]] |
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| align="left" |[[Jorge Soto (footballer)|Jorge Soto]] |
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|Group Stage |
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|101 |
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|20th |
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| |
|9 |
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|1992–2005 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|1 |
|||
|2 |
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|6 |
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|- |
|- |
||
|9 |
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|{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]] |
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| align="left" |[[André Carrillo|'''André Carrillo''']] |
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|rowspan=7 colspan=8|Did Not Qualify |
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|100 |
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|11 |
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|2011–present |
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|- |
|- |
||
|10 |
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|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] |
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| align="left" |'''[[Christian Cueva]]''' |
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|99 |
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|16 |
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|2011–present |
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|} |
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The two Peruvian players with the most international [[Cap (sport)|caps]] is [[Roberto Palacios]], and [[Yoshimar Yotún]] who both made 128 appearances for the side from 1992 to 2007 and 2011 to present. The player with the third-most caps is [[Paolo Guerrero]] with 121. The Peruvian goalkeeper with the most appearances is [[Pedro Gallese]] with 108. The goalkeeper with the second-most caps is [[Óscar Ibáñez]] with 50; [[Miguel Miranda]] is third with 47.<ref name="Peru player record" /> |
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=== Top goalscorers === |
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[[File:Campeonato Carioca - Flamengo - Guerrero (cropped).jpg|175px|thumb|[[Paolo Guerrero]] is Peru's top scorer with 39 goals.]] |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |
|||
! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="30px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Rank</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="150px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Player</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="50px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Goals</span> |
|||
! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="50px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Caps</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="50px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Ratio</span> |
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! data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="" data-darkreader-inline-bgimage="" width="100px" style="background:#D72B1F" |<span data-darkreader-inline-color="" style="color:white;">Career</span> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|1 |
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|{{flagicon|United States}} [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]] |
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| align="left" |'''[[Paolo Guerrero]]''' ([[List of international goals scored by Paolo Guerrero|list]]) |
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|39 |
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|121 |
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|{{#expr:38/116 round 2}} |
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|{{nowrap|2004–present}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|2 |
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|{{flagicon|France}} [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] |
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| align="left" |[[Teófilo Cubillas]] |
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|28 |
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|81 |
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|{{#expr:26/81 round 2}} |
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|1968–1982 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|3 |
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|{{flagicon|South Korea}} {{flagicon|Japan}} [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] |
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| align="left" |[[Jefferson Farfán]] |
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|27 |
|||
|102 |
|||
|{{#expr:27/102 round 2}} |
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|2003–2021 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|4 |
|||
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] |
|||
| align="left" |[[Teodoro Fernández]] |
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|24 |
|||
|32 |
|||
|{{#expr:24/32 round 2}} |
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|1935–1947 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan="2" |5 |
|||
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]] |
|||
| align="left" |[[Claudio Pizarro]] |
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|20 |
|||
|85 |
|||
|{{#expr:20/85 round 2}} |
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|1999–2016 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| align="left" |[[Nolberto Solano]] |
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|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]] |
|||
|20 |
|||
|rowspan=3 colspan=8|To Be Determined |
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|95 |
|||
|{{#expr:20/95 round 2}} |
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|1994–2008 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|7 |
|||
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] |
|||
| align="left" |[[Roberto Palacios]] |
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|19 |
|||
|128 |
|||
|{{#expr:19/128 round 2}} |
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|1992–2012 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|8 |
|||
|{{flagicon|Qatar}} [[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] |
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| align="left" |[[Hugo Sotil]] |
|||
|18 |
|||
|62 |
|||
|{{#expr:18/62 round 2}} |
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|1970–1978 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|9 |
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|'''Total''' |
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| align="left" |[[Oswaldo Ramírez]] |
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|'''Quarter-Final''' |
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|17 |
|||
|'''4/19''' |
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|57 |
|||
|'''15''' |
|||
|{{#expr:17/57 round 2}} |
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|'''4''' |
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|1969–1982 |
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|'''3''' |
|||
|'''8''' |
|||
|'''19''' |
|||
|'''31''' |
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|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan="2" |10 |
|||
| align="left" |[[Franco Navarro]] |
|||
|16 |
|||
|56 |
|||
|{{#expr:16/56 round 2}} |
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|1980–1989 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |'''[[Christian Cueva]]''' |
|||
|16 |
|||
|99 |
|||
|{{#expr:16/98 round 2}} |
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|2011–present |
|||
|} |
|} |
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The team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 39 goals in 120 appearances. He is followed by [[Jefferson Farfán]], with 27 goals in 102 appearances, and [[Teófilo Cubillas]], who scored 28 goals in 81 appearances.<ref name="Peru player record" /> Of the top ten scorers for Peru, [[Teodoro Fernández]], with 24 goals in 32 games, holds the best goal-per-appearance ratio (0.75 goals/match).<ref name="Peru player record" /> [[Claudio Pizarro]] scored Peru's fastest ever goal, coming less than a minute into a match against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] on 20 August 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://depor.pe/noticia/651179/cachito-ramirez-anoto-tercer-gol-mas-rapido-seleccion |title='Cachito' anotó el tercer gol más rápido de Perú en los últimos años |work=Depor.pe |date=8 October 2010 |access-date=26 June 2013 |language=es |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221122659/http://depor.pe/noticia/651179/cachito-ramirez-anoto-tercer-gol-mas-rapido-seleccion |archive-date=21 February 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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Peru's current [[Captain (association football)|captain]] is forward Paolo Guerrero.<ref>{{cite news | language=es |title=Vuelve el capitán: Paolo Guerrero convocado a la selección peruana |url=https://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/paolo-guerrero-convocado-a-la-seleccion-peruana-juan-reynoso-incluyo-al-delantero-en-lista-para-los-amistosos-ante-corea-y-japon-video-noticia/ |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=2 June 2023| access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> Midfielder Leopoldo Basurto was the team's first captain.<ref name="Capitanes">{{cite web |url=https://depor.com/futbol-peruano/fiestas-patrias-recuerdas-ultimos-capitanes-seleccion-peruana-sorprenderan-43080?foto=22 |title=Fiestas Patrias: ¿Recuerdas a los últimos capitanes de la Selección Peruana? Algunos te sorprenderán |work=Depor.com |date=8 October 2010 |access-date=28 July 2017 |language=es |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio}}</ref> Defender [[Héctor Chumpitaz]] held the Peruvian team's leadership position for the longest time, between 1965 and 1981.<ref name="Captain">{{cite news | language=es |title=Selección: Paolo Guerrero y los delanteros de Perú| url=https://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/seleccion/seleccion-capitan-guerrero-antecesores-noticia-video-463143 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=4 October 2017| access-date=26 November 2017 |last1=Dt |first1=Redacción }}</ref> Forward Claudio Pizarro had the second-longest tenure as captain, from 2003 to 2016.<ref name="Capitanes"/> In 2022, streaming service [[Netflix]] launched "Contigo capitán", a series about Paolo Guerrero's doping ban that almost impeded his participation in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{cite news | language=es |title="Contigo capitán" en Netflix: así le fue a la serie peruana en vistas a nivel internacional |url=https://elcomercio.pe/saltar-intro/netflix/series/contigo-capitan-netflix-revelo-su-top-10-de-la-semana-en-que-lugar-quedo-la-serie-sobre-paolo-guerrero-noticia/ |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=19 October 2022| access-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> Other notable captains include [[Rubén Toribio Díaz|Rubén Díaz]] (1981–1985), [[Julio César Uribe]] (1987–1989), [[Juan Reynoso Guzmán|Juan Reynoso]] (1993–1999), and [[Nolberto Solano]] (2000–2003).<ref name="Captain"/> |
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:''*Denotes draws include knockout matches decided on [[penalty shootout (football)|penalty kicks]].'' |
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== Competitive records == |
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{{Peru FIFA World Cup Squads}} |
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== |
=== FIFA World Cup === |
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{{main|Peru at the |
{{main|Peru at the FIFA World Cup}} |
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[[File:Copa America-2004-02.jpg|right|thumb|Celebrations in the ''Estadio Nacional'' prior to the [[2004 Copa América]] final held in Peru.]] |
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[[File:Perurumania1930.JPG|thumb|alt=An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and catches the ball.|Peru's match against Romania at the [[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930 World Cup]].]] |
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After joining [[CONMEBOL]] in 1925, Peru has hosted the [[Copa América]] six times (1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957, 2004) and won it twice (1939 and 1975). Peru has had three top goalscorers for the tournament, [[Teodoro Fernández]] (7 goals, 1939), [[Eduardo Malásquez]] (3 goals, 1983) and [[Paolo Guerrero]] (5 goals, 2011).<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=FUTBOL-DATOS-Lista de goleadores históricos de la Copa América| publisher=Reuters Mexico|accessdate=2011-07-26|url=http://mx.reuters.com/article/topNews/idMXN1E76N09R20110724}}</ref> The ''Blanquirroja'' has also had three [[hat-trick]] scorers: Teodoro Fernández (1939 and 1941), [[Miguel Loayza]] (1959), and [[Paolo Guerrero]] (2011).<ref>http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/paolo-guerrero-esta-junto-lolo-fernandez-y-al-mago-loayza-en-la-historia-de-la-cop</ref> Two managers have led Peru to tournament victories, Englishman [[Jack Greenwell]] (1939) and Peruvian [[Marcos Calderón]] (1975). |
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Peru has taken part in the World Cup finals five times. The Peruvian team competed at the first World Cup in 1930 by invitation, and has entered each tournament at the qualifying stage since 1958, qualifying for the finals four times: in 1970, 1978, 1982 and 2018. Its all-time record in World Cup qualifying matches, as of 2017, stands at 43 wins, 37 draws and 69 losses. In the finals, the team has won five matches, drawn three and lost ten, with 21 goals in favour and 33 against.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''">{{cite web | author=José Luis Pierrend |title=Peru International Results| url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/peru-intres.html | date=6 March 2012 | website=[[RSSSF]] | access-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> Peru won the inaugural FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded at the 1970 World Cup, having been the only team not to receive any [[Yellow card (sports)|yellow]] or [[Red card (sports)|red cards]] during the competition.<ref name="Fair Play"/> Peru has the peculiar distinction of always facing the tournament's eventual winners during the finals phase.<ref>{{cite web | title=Perú siempre jugó en los Mundiales con el equipo que terminó siendo campeón | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://rpp.pe/futbol/seleccion-peruana/peru-siempre-jugo-en-los-mundiales-con-el-equipo-que-termino-siendo-campeon-noticia-1089461 | language=es |date= 18 November 2017 | access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> |
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[[Luis de Souza Ferreira]] scored Peru's first World Cup goal on 14 July 1930, in a match against [[Romania national football team|Romania]].{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=789}} [[José Velásquez (footballer, born 1952)|José Velásquez]] scored Peru's fastest World Cup finals goal—that is, that scored soonest after kick-off—two minutes into the match against [[Iran national football team|Iran]] on 11 June 1978.<ref>{{cite web | title=Selección Peruana: planteles, resultados y datos caletas en los mundiales | work=Depor.com |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://archivo.depor.com/futbol-internacional/seleccion-peruana-planteles-resultados-y-datos-caletas-mundiales-1018213 | language=es |date= 10 June 2014 | access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> [[Jefferson Farfán]] is Peru's top scorer and fifth-overall top scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualification, with 16 goals.<ref>{{cite web | language=es |title=Jefferson Farfán es uno de los goleadores históricos de las Eliminatorias | url=http://rpp.pe/futbol/seleccion-peruana/jefferson-farfan-es-uno-de-los-goleadores-historicos-de-las-eliminatorias-noticia-1089140|work=RPP Noticias |publisher=Grupo RPP| date=16 November 2017| access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top scorer in the World Cup finals, with 10 goals in 13 games.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=156}} During the 1930 competition, a Peruvian became the first player [[Ejection (sports)|sent off]] in a World Cup—his identity is disputed between sources as either defender [[Plácido Galindo]] or midfielder [[Mario de las Casas]].{{efn-ua|FIFA lists the player as Galindo,<ref>{{cite web | title=101 Facts| work=FIFA Magazine| url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fanfest/magazine/magazine06-06p.4en_3358.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110101218/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fanfest/magazine/magazine06-06p.4en_3358.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=10 November 2012| date=June–July 2006|access-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> but forward Souza Ferreira and other sources list De las Casas.<ref>{{cite web | first=Pedro | last=Canelo | title=El primer expulsado en la historia de los mundiales fue peruano | work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/futbol-mundial/primer-expulsado-historia-mundiales-fue-peruano-noticia-476444 | language=es |date= 11 May 2010 | access-date=19 June 2013}}</ref>}} Peru's [[Ramón Quiroga]] holds the unusual record of being the only goalkeeper to commit a foul in the opponent's side of the pitch in a match at the World Cup finals.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=341}} |
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In 1939 Peru achieved its first Copa América title by defeating Ecuador 5–2, Chile 3–1, and Paraguay 3–0 in order to reach the final. With skilled players like Teodoro Fernández and [[Jorge Alcalde]], Peru defeated Uruguay in the final by the close score of 2–1.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Perú y su primera Copa América| publisher=Peru.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/reportajes/2001/09/18/02.asp}}</ref> With this result, Peru became the fourth nation, after Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil, to win the [[Copa América]]. |
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{{Peru FIFA World Cup record}} |
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=== Copa América === |
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In 1975, the Peruvians won the first Copa América held without a fixed venue by defeating Chile and Bolivia in the group stages, Brazil at the [[Mineirão]] by a score of 3–1 with the goals of [[Enrique Casaretto]] and [[Teófilo Cubillas]] in the semifinals, and, after being randomly chosen in a CONMEBOL-sponsored lottery (which was ordered after Brazil defeated Peru in Lima by a score of 0–2, thus equalizing in the amount of points) between it and Brazil,<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Copa América de 1975''" >{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Copa América 1975: Peru campeon!| publisher=Arkivperu.com| url=http://www.arkivperu.com/copamerica75.htm| accessdate=2009-06-15}}</ref> defeated Colombia in two out of three games played for the final. ''La Blanquirroja'' lost the first leg of the final played at Colombia, but won the second match at [[Lima]] and a final third match at [[Caracas]] thanks to the goals of [[Juan Carlos Oblitas]], [[Oswaldo Ramírez]], and [[Hugo Sotil]].<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Copa América de 1975''" /> |
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{{main|Peru at the Copa América}} |
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[[File:Peru Chile Copa America 1975 Oblitas Chalaca Version2.png|thumb|alt=An action shot from a football match. A player scores from a bicycle kick.|Peru's match against Chile at the [[1975 Copa América]].]] |
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Peru's national team has taken part in 33 editions of the Copa América since 1927, and has won the competition twice (in 1939 and 1975). The country has hosted the tournament six times (in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957 and 2004). Peru's overall record in the competition is 52 victories, 33 draws, and 57 losses.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Peru won the Fair Play award in the 2015 edition.<ref>{{cite web | language=es |title=Perú obtuvo el premio Fair Play de la Copa América 2015 | url=http://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/copa-america-2015/peru-obtuvo-premio-fair-play-copa-america-2015-noticia-1823560?ref=portada_home&ft=mod_copa_america&e=titulo_1 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=4 July 2015| access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> |
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Aside from these two victories, Peru's best place in the tournament have been five third places, two at home (1927 and 1935), one in Brazil (1949), one in Chile (1955), and the last in Argentina (2011). When the tournaments once again began to be hosted by individual countries, Peru's best performance was a third place obtained in 2011 after defeating Venezuela 4–1. In this tournament, the most recent to date, Peru also obtained five '''[[LG Corp.]] Player of the Game''' awards (twice for [[Paolo Guerrero]] and [[Juan Manuel Vargas]], and once for [[William Chiroque]]), the most awarded to a national team in the tournament. |
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[[Demetrio Neyra]] scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 13 November 1927, in a match against Bolivia.<ref name="Pulgar Vidal, ''Hace80''"/> [[Christian Cueva]] scored Peru's fastest Copa América goal, two minutes into the match against [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]] on 14 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web | title=Selección Peruana: Christian Cueva anotó el gol más rápido de la bicolor en 40 años | work=Depor.com |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| url=http://archivo.depor.com/futbol-peruano/seleccion-peruana-christian-cueva-anoto-gol-mas-rapido-bicolor-40-anos-1045533 | language=es |date= 14 June 2015 | access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref> Four tournaments have featured a Peruvian top scorer—Teodoro Fernández in 1939 and [[Paolo Guerrero]] in 2011, 2015, and 2019.<ref>{{cite news | author=Roberto Mamrud and Karel Stokkermans | title=Copa América 1916–2016 |access-date=7 July 2019| website=[[RSSSF]] | url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sachamp.html |date=6 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | language=es |title=Paolo Guerrero y Everton fueron los máximos goleadores de la Copa América 2019 | url=https://elcomercio.pe/deporte-total/paolo-guerrero-everton-maximos-goleadores-copa-america-2019-noticia-653250 |work=El Comercio |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio| date=7 July 2019| access-date=7 July 2010}}</ref> Fernández, the Copa América's third-overall scorer, was named best player of the 1939 tournament; Teófilo Cubillas, voted the best player in the 1975 competition, is the only other Peruvian to win this award.<ref>{{cite news | first=Martín | last=Tabeira | title=The Copa América Archive – Trivia |access-date=29 June 2013| website=[[RSSSF]] | url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sachampfulltrivia.html |date=19 July 2007}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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!colspan=8|[[Copa America|Copa America/South American Championship]] |
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Peru earned its first continental title in 1939, when it won the South American Championship with successive victories over Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. This marked the first time that the competition had been won by a team other than Uruguay, Brazil, or Argentina.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|pp=648, 652}} Peru became South American champions for the second time in 1975, when it won that year's Copa América, the first to feature all ten CONMEBOL members.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|p=648}} Peru came top of their group in the first round, eliminating Chile and Bolivia, and in the semi-finals drew with Brazil over two legs, winning 3–1 in Brazil but losing 2–0 at home. Peru was declared the winner by drawing of lots. In the two-legged final between Colombia and Peru, both teams won their respective home games (1–0 in Bogota and 2–0 in Lima), forcing a play-off in [[Caracas]] that Peru won 1–0.{{sfn|Henshaw|1979|pp=656–657}} |
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|- |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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!colspan=8|Total: 2 Titles |
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|+ |
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!colspan="10"|South American Championship (1916–1967) |
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|- |
|- |
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!Year |
!Year |
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!Host |
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!Position |
!Position |
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!{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}} |
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!width="2%" rowspan="12" | |
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!{{Abbr|W|Won}} |
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!Year |
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!{{Abbr|D|Drawn}} |
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!Position |
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!{{Abbr|L|Lost}} |
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!width="2%" rowspan="12" | |
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!{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}} |
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!Year |
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!{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}} |
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!Position |
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!Squad |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|colspan="2"|[[1916 South American Championship|1916]] to [[1926 South American Championship|1926]] |
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|colspan="8"|''Did not enter'' |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1927 South American Championship|1927]] |
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|bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{flagicon|PER}} [[South American Championship 1927|1927]]||bgcolor="#cc9966"|Third Place||{{flagicon|PER}} [[South American Championship 1953|1953]]||Fifth Place||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Copa America 1989|1989]]||Round 1 |
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|style="border:3px solid red" align=left|{{flag|Peru|1825}} |
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|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
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|3 |
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|1 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|4 |
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|11 |
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|[[1927 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1929 South American Championship|1929]] |
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|bgcolor=LemonChiffon|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[South American Championship 1929|1929]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Fourth Place||bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[South American Championship 1955|1955]]||bgcolor="#cc9966"|Third Place||{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Copa America 1991|1991]]||Round 1 |
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|align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |
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| style="background:#fffacd"|Fourth place |
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|3 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|3 |
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|1 |
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|12 |
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|[[1929 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1935 South American Championship|1935]] |
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|bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{flagicon|PER}} [[South American Championship 1935|1935]]||bgcolor="#cc9966"|Third Place||{{flagicon|URU}} [[South American Championship 1956|1956]]||Sixth Place||{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Copa America 1993|1993]]||Quarterfinals |
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|style="border:3px solid red" align=left|{{flag|Peru|1825}} |
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|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
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|3 |
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|1 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|2 |
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|5 |
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|[[1935 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1937 South American Championship|1937]] |
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|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[South American Championship 1937|1937]]||Sixth place||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|{{flagicon|PER}} [[South American Championship 1957|1957]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Fourth Place||{{flagicon|URU}} [[Copa America 1995|1995]]||Round 1 |
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|align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |
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|Sixth place |
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|5 |
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|1 |
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|1 |
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|3 |
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|7 |
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|10 |
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|[[1937 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1939 South American Championship|1939]] |
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|bgcolor=gold|{{flagicon|PER}} [[South American Championship 1939|1939]]||bgcolor=gold|'''Winners'''||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[South American Championship 1959 (Argentina)|1959]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Fourth Place||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|{{flagicon|BOL}} [[Copa America 1997|1997]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Fourth Place |
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|style="border:3px solid red" align=left|{{flag|Peru|1825}} |
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|bgcolor=gold|'''Champions''' |
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|4 |
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|4 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|13 |
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|4 |
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|[[1939 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1941 South American Championship|1941]] |
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|bgcolor=LemonChiffon|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[South American Championship 1941|1941]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Fourth Place||{{flagicon|BOL}} [[South American Championship 1963|1963]]||Fifth place||{{flagicon|PAR}} [[Copa America 1999|1999]]||Quarterfinals |
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|align=left|{{flag|Chile}} |
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| style="background:#fffacd"|Fourth place |
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|4 |
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|1 |
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|0 |
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|3 |
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|5 |
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|5 |
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|[[1941 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1942 South American Championship|1942]] |
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|{{flagicon|URU}} [[South American Championship 1942|1942]]||Fifth place||{{flagicon|URU}} [[South American Championship 1967|1967]]||'''Withdrew'''||{{flagicon|COL}} [[Copa America 2001|2001]]||Quarterfinals |
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|align=left|{{flag|Uruguay}} |
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|Fifth place |
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|6 |
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|1 |
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|2 |
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|3 |
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|5 |
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|10 |
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|[[1942 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|colspan="2"|[[1945 South American Championship|1945]] to [[1946 South American Championship|1946]] |
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| colspan="8" |''Withdrew'' |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1947 South American Championship|1947]] |
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|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[South American Championship 1946|1946]]||'''Withdrew'''||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|[[Copa América 1979|1979]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Semifinals||{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Copa America 2007|2007]]||Quarterfinals |
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|align=left|{{flag|Ecuador|1900}} |
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|Fifth place |
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|7 |
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|2 |
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|2 |
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|3 |
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|12 |
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|9 |
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|[[1947 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[1949 South American Championship|1949]] |
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|{{flagicon|ECU}} [[South American Championship 1947|1947]]||Fifth Place||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|[[Copa América 1983|1983]]||bgcolor=LemonChiffon|Semifinals||bgcolor="#cc9966"|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[2011 Copa América|2011]]||bgcolor="#cc9966"|Third Place |
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|align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |
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|} |
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|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
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{{Peru Copa América Champion Squads}} |
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|7 |
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|5 |
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==Stadium== |
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|0 |
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{{main|Estadio Nacional (Lima)}} |
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|2 |
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[[Image:Estadionacionallima.jpg|right|thumb|''Estadio Nacional'', renovated in July 24, 2011, meets FIFA's highest requirements.<ref>http://www.libero.pe/de-otro-mundo-mira-en-360-grados-el-estadio-nacional-2011-07-26</ref>]] |
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|20 |
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|13 |
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The ''Estadio Nacional'' (National Stadium), also known as the ''Coloso de José Díaz'', is a 45,574-spectator stadium located in [[Lima]] that acts as the traditional home of the Peruvian team and the National Stadium of Peru.<ref name="fussballtempel">{{cite web | url=http://www.fussballtempel.net/conmebol/listeconmebol.html| title=Football Stadiums of South America| publisher=fussballtempel.net| accessdate=2008-08-08 }}</ref> The stadium, a gift from [[England]],opened on July 18, 1897, as the ''Estadio Guadalupe''.<ref>http://www.conmebol.com/eliminatoriamundialfifa/El-renacer-de-un-gigante-del-futbol-20110726-0002.html</ref><ref>Goldblatt</ref> The Peruvian Football League (which later became the [[Peruvian Football Federation]]) used it for the first official football tournaments, which were held in Lima. In 1921, as part of President [[Augusto B. Leguía]]'s ''embellecimiento'' (beautification) program, the stadium was renovated and renamed the ''[[Estadio Nacional de Peru (1897)|Estadio Nacional de Peru]]''.<ref>Goldblatt</ref> During the regime of General [[Manuel Odría]], the stadium was reconstructed and officially re-inaugurated on October 27, 1952.<ref name="IPD">{{es icon}}{{cite web | url=http://www.ipd.gob.pe/1059/estadio-nacional-cumple-54-a%C3%91os-de-vida| title=Estadio Nacional Cumple 54 Años de Vida| publisher=ipd.gov.pe| accessdate=2008-08-08 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080604142719/http://www.ipd.gob.pe/1059/estadio-nacional-cumple-54-a%C3%91os-de-vida |archivedate = June 4, 2008}}</ref> Under the government of [[Alan García]], the stadium was renovated and re-inaugurated on July 24, 2011.<ref>http://www.conmebol.com/eliminatoriamundialfifa/El-renacer-de-un-gigante-del-futbol-20110726-0002.html</ref> |
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|[[1949 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
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In preparation for the [[2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship]], [[artificial turf]] was installed as a means of improving the stadium's aesthetic appeal; the surface was left in place after the tournament. In 2005, the stadium was one of Peru's four "Star II" (the highest certification granted to artificial [[Association football pitch|pitches]]) stadiums.<ref name="El Regional de Piura">{{es icon}}{{cite web | url=http://www.elregionalpiura.com.pe/archivosnoticias/2005_11/noviembre_17/deportivas_17.htm| title=Cuatro Estadios Peruanos con Certificacion FIFA| publisher=elregionalpiura.com.pe| accessdate=2008-08-08 }}</ref><ref name="journalperu.com">{{cite web | url=http://journalperu.com/?p=859| title=FIFA inspects new artificial turf at Peru's El Nacional stadium| publisher=journalperu.com| accessdate=2008-08-08 }}</ref> Nonetheless, the surface received heavy criticisms from Peruvian First Division clubs, due to player injuries for which it was allegedly responsible.<ref name="Quejas del Nacional">{{es icon}}{{cite web |url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/AutoNoticias/FutbolPortada/2007/11/01/DetalleNoticia96488.asp| title=Vuelven las quejas por el sintético del Nacional | publisher=Peru.com |accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> In 2011, the artificial ground was removed as part of stadium's the renovation process. Additional improvements include a modern exterior and interior multi-colored illumination system which complies with FIFA's norms for [[high definition]] transmissions, two giant [[LED]] screens, individual spectator seats, and 375 private suites.<ref>http://www.conmebol.com/eliminatoriamundialfifa/El-renacer-de-un-gigante-del-futbol-20110726-0002.html</ref><ref>http://www.libero.pe/de-otro-mundo-mira-en-360-grados-el-estadio-nacional-2011-07-26</ref> |
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The national team occasionally selects other stadiums as its home venue. The thin atmosphere at the high-altitude ''[[Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega]]'' in [[Cusco]] and the balmy Amazonic climate of the ''[[Estadio Max Augustín]]'' in [[Iquitos]] provide strategic advantages against certain rivals.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=Sporting Cristal inicia el torneo en el horno de Iquitos | publisher=Peru.com| url=http://www.peru.com/futbol/sgc/portada/2009/02/13/detalle23085.aspx| accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Other stadiums in Lima are sometimes used to bring the team closer to certain communities in the city, such as [[Alianza Lima]]'s ''[[Estadio Alejandro Villanueva]]''.<ref name="El Comercio">{{es icon}}{{cite web | url=http://www.elcomercio.com.pe/ediciononline/HTML/2008-08-07/Conmebol-confirma-estadio-nacional-como-escenario-partidos-eliminatorias.html | title=Conmebol confirma Estadio Nacional | publisher=elcomercio.com.pe | accessdate=2008-08-08 }}</ref> In recent times, [[Universitario de Deportes|Universitario's]] ''[[Estadio Monumental "U"]]'' is most often selected for home matches due to controversy over the National Stadium's playing surface.<ref name="Quejas del Nacional"/> |
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==Uniform== |
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{{Imageframe|width=140|content=[[Image:Solano.JPG|149px]]|caption=[[Nolberto Solano]], former captain of Peru and third top goalscorer wearing a kit design from 2007.|align=right}} |
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Peru's national colors are red and white.<ref name="RSSSF.com, ''National Teams...''">{{cite web | title=National Teams – Team Colors| publisher=Rsssf.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/colours/natteams.html | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> The team's first uniform was made for the 1927 South American Championship, and it consisted of white shorts and a shirt with vertical stripes. Another uniform was made for the 1930 FIFA World Cup held in Uruguay: an all-white [[Kit (association football)|kit]] with a red collar. A third uniform was made for the 1935 South American Championship, the only difference from the prior kit being a horizontal red stripe. Peru's current uniform was made for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics, and it consists of a red stripe that crosses the chest diagonally from the left shoulder to the hip's right.<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Blanquiroja''">{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Blanquiroja | publisher=Arkivperu.com | url=http://www.arkivperu.com/blanquiroja.htm | accessdate=2009-02-14}}</ref> The simple design of the Peruvian jersey received international praise in 2010 when [[ESPN]], a sports network, qualified Peru's [[1978 FIFA World Cup]] jersey as the best World Cup jersey of all time.<ref>{{cite web | title=Best World Cup jerseys of all time | publisher=Soccernet.espn.go.com | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/story/_/page/worldcup101-03082010/ce/us/best-world-cup-jerseys-all-time?cc=5901&utm_source=bleacherreport.com&ver=us| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> |
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The ''Blanquirroja'' has had a total of eight different uniform manufacturers. The German-based company ''[[Adidas]]'' in 1978 became the first official manufacturer of the national team's kit. During the 1980s, Peru had contracts with Brazilian company ''[[Pentaly (Brazilian sports manufacturer)|Penalty]]'' (1981–1982), ''Adidas'' (1983–1985), and a couple of deals with national manufacturers ''[[Calvo Sportwear]]'' (1987) and ''[[Power (Peruvian company)|Power]]'' (1989–1991). In the 1990s, Peru signed deals with the Italian company ''[[Diadora]]'' (1991–1992), local manufacturer ''[[Polmer]]'' (1993–1995), the England-based company ''[[Umbro]]'' (1996–1997), and a long-term contract with local company ''[[Walon Sport]]'' (1998–2010). During its long association with the ''Blanquirroja'', Walon produced a series of different kits for Peru, among them the 1998 version with folkloric designs and the 2003 version that was similar to the kits Adidas produced for Peru.<ref name="Arkivperu.com, ''La Blanquiroja''"/> As of July 2010, [[Umbro]] will once again create the kits for the ''Blanquirroja''. The presentation of the new uniform was made on September 4, 2010, in the friendly against Canada.<ref>{{cite web | title=Selección estrenará camiseta en amistoso | publisher=Peru.com | url=http://www.peru.com/cyberperiodista/cyberperiodista/sgi/portada/2010/07/22/detalle8594.aspx| accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> On December 3, 2010, the new [[Umbro]] uniform was presented for 2010/12. A new version of the [[Umbro]] uniform was presented on March 15, 2011 for the upcoming friendlies and Copa America. |
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<gallery> |
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Image:PeruFootballKit1936.png|<center>Peru's 1927 uniform</center> |
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Image:Perufootballkit1930.png|<center>Peru's 1930 uniform</center> |
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Image:PeruKit1935.png|<center>Peru's 1935 uniform</center> |
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Image:Peru HistoricKit 1970.png|<center>Peru's current uniform (1936–Present)</center> |
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</gallery> |
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==Rivalries== |
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{{see also|Chile and Peru football rivalry}} |
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The Peruvian team has major regional rivalries with [[Chile national football team|Chile]] and [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]]. Territorial, maritime, and cultural disputes have led to a large football rivalry between Chile and Peru since the ending of the [[War of the Pacific]]. Both nations dispute the origin of the football move known as the [[bicycle kick]], which Chileans claim they invented in 1914 while Peruvians claim it was invented in Peru during the late 19th century.<ref name="El Periodico de Mexico" /><ref name=Edition.cnn.com>{{cite news | title=Top 10 international rivalries| publisher=Edition.cnn.com|accessdate=2009-06-30| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/football/11/06/first11.rivalries/index.html | date=2008-11-06}}</ref> Their games, considered by [[CNN]] (Cable News Network) to be among the top ten rivalries in the world,<ref name=Edition.cnn.com/> have gained the nickname of ''Clásico del Pacífico'', meaning the "Derby of the Pacific," and a trophy named the ''[[Copa del Pacífico]]'' (Cup of the Pacific) is awarded whenever both national teams play.<ref name="The Star"/><ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Peru's rivalry with Ecuador, derived from various historical [[History of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute|border conflicts]] between the two countries, is not as great as with Chile, but is still of competitive importance to both nations.<ref name="PERÚ RUMBO AL MUNDIAL">{{cite web | title=La "U" un Campeon con Altura, y Peru Rumbo al Mundial... |
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| publisher=Peru.com|accessdate=2009-09-26| url=http://www.peru.com/FUTBOL/columnistas/percy_rojas/pasados/20000628.asp}}</ref> |
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==Players== |
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{{main|List of Peru international footballers}} |
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===Current squad=== |
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The following 23 players were selected for the [[2011 Copa América]], subsequent to the [[2011 Copa América]] match against [[Venezuela national football team|Venezuela]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/conoce-los-23-jugadores-de-peru-que-iran-la-copa-america-2011-06-29}}</ref> |
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*Caps and goals as of ''July 23, 2011.''<ref name="national-football-teams.com">http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/country.php?id=145&year=2011</ref><ref name="Peru - Record International Players">{{cite web | title=Peru – Record International Players |
|||
| publisher=RSSSF|accessdate=2009-11-19| url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html}}</ref><ref>http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/peru-gano-1-0-senegal-en-amistoso-2011-06-28</ref> |
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{{nat fs g start}} |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Raúl Fernández Valverde|Raúl Fernández]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|10|6}}|caps=13|goals=0|club=[[OGC Nice|Nice]]|clubnat=FRA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Salomón Libman]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|2|25}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=23|pos=GK|name=[[Leao Butrón]]|age={{birth date and age|1977|3|6}}|caps=36|goals=0|club=[[Universidad San Martín de Porres|Universidad San Martín]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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|----- |
|||
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
|||
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
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{{nat fs g player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Santiago Acasiete]]|age={{birth date and age|1977|10|22}}|caps=37|goals=2|club=[[UD Almería|Almería]]|clubnat=ESP}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Walter Vílchez]]|age={{birth date and age|1982|2|20}}|caps=60|goals=1|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Renzo Revoredo]]|age={{birth date and age|1986|5|11}}|caps=10|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=21|pos=DF|name=[[Christian Ramos (Peruvian footballer)|Christian Ramos]]|age={{birth date and age|1988|11|4}}|caps=13|goals=0|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Giancarlo Carmona]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|10|08}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[San Lorenzo de Almagro|San Lorenzo]]|clubnat=ARG}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Yoshimar Yotún]]||age={{birth date and age|1990|4|7}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER}} |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Alberto Junior Rodríguez Valdelomar|Alberto Rodríguez]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|03|31}}|caps=37|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting]]|clubnat=POR}} |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Aldo Corzo]]|age={{birth date and age|1989|5|20}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=[[Universidad San Martín de Porres|Universidad San Martín]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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|----- |
|||
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
|||
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=22|pos=MF|name=[[Antonio Gonzales]]|age={{birth date and age|1986|05|16}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER}} |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Juan Manuel Vargas]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])|age={{birth date and age|1983|10|5}}||caps=35|goals=4|club=[[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]]|clubnat=ITA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=5|pos=MF|name=[[Adán Balbín]]|age={{birth date and age|1986|10|13}}|caps=10|goals=0|club=[[Universidad San Martín de Porres|Universidad San Martín]]|clubnat=PER}} |
|||
{{nat fs g player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Carlos Lobatón]]|age={{birth date and age|1980|2|6}}|caps=15|goals=1|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Michael Guevara]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|6|10}}|caps=8|goals=0|club=[[Sport Boys]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[William Chiroque]]|age={{birth date and age|1980|3|10}}|caps=13|goals=1|club=[[Juan Aurich]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Rinaldo Cruzado]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|9|21}}|caps=22|goals=0|club=[[A.C. ChievoVerona|Chievo]]|clubnat=ITA}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Josepmir Ballón]]|age={{birth date and age|1988|3|21}}|caps=18|goals=0|club=[[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]]|clubnat=ARG}} |
|||
|----- |
|||
! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
|||
|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
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{{nat fs g player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Paolo Guerrero]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|1|1}}|caps=34|goals=15|club=[[Hamburger SV]]|clubnat=GER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Raúl Ruidíaz]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|7|25}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=16|pos=FW|name=[[Luis Advíncula]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|3|2}}|caps=15|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER}} |
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{{nat fs g player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[André Carrillo]]|age={{birth date and age|1991|6|14}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting]]|clubnat=POR}} |
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{{nat fs g end}} |
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===Recent call-ups=== |
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<!-- Organized by position, then by most recent call-up and lastly by last name. --> |
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{{nat fs r start}} |
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{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Erick Delgado]]|age={{birth date and age|1982|6|30}}|caps=14|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} |
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|----- |
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! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
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|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Jesús Rabanal]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|12|25}}|caps=6|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Orlando Contreras]]|age={{birth date and age|1982|6|11}}|caps=6|goals=1|club=[[Universidad San Martín de Porres|Universidad San Martín]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Carlos Augusto Zambrano|Carlos Zambrano]]|age={{birth date and age|1989|7|10}}|caps=16|goals=1|club=[[FC St. Pauli|St. Pauli]]|clubnat=GER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Gianfranco Espinoza]]|age={{birth date and age|1986|8|28}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[León de Huánuco]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Willy Rivas]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|5|4}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Roberto Guizasola]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|8|21}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Rosario Central]]|clubnat=ARG|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=DF|name=[[John Galliquio]]|age={{birth date and age|1979|1|12}}|caps=31|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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|----- |
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! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
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|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Christian Cueva]]|age={{birth date and age|1991|11|23}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Universidad San Martín de Porres|Universidad San Martín]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Luis Alberto Ramírez|Luis Ramírez]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|11|10}}|caps=15|goals=2|club=[[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]]|clubnat=BRA|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Jean Tragodara]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|12|16}}|caps=7|goals=1|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Roberto Merino]]|age={{birth date and age|1982|5|19}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Unión Comercio]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|JPN}}, June 1, 2011 (Friendly)}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Renzo Sheput]]|age={{birth date and age|1980|8|11}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[Juan Aurich]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Luis Trujillo]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|12|27}}|caps=3|goals=0|club=[[Alianza Lima]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Paolo de la Haza]]|age={{birth date and age|1983|11|30}}|caps=32|goals=1|club=[[Jiangsu Sainty F.C.|Jiangsu Sainty]]|clubnat=CHN|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Reimond Manco]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|8|23}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[Free agent|''Unattached'']]|clubnat=|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Rainer Torres]]|age={{birth date and age|1980|1|12}}|caps=25|goals=0|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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|----- |
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! colspan="9" bgcolor="#B0D3FB" align="left" | |
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|----- bgcolor="#DFEDFD" |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Irven Ávila]]|age={{birth date and age|1990|7|2}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Sport Huancayo]]|clubnat=PER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Jefferson Farfán]]|age={{birth date and age|1984|8|23}}|caps=40|goals=12|club=[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]|clubnat=GER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Claudio Pizarro]]|age={{birth date and age|1978|10|3}}|caps=56|goals=13|club=[[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]]|clubnat=GER|latest=[[2011 Copa América]] <small>(preliminary squad)</small>}} <small>(withdrew due to injury)</small> |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Hernán Rengifo]]|age={{birth date and age|1983|4|18}}|caps=20|goals=6|club=[[AC Omonia|Omonia]]|clubnat=CYP|latest= vs {{fb|ECU}}, March 29, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=8|pos=FW|name=[[Wilmer Aguirre]]|age={{birth date and age|1983|5|10}}|caps=5|goals=0|club=[[San Luis F.C.|San Luis]]|clubnat=MEX|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Víctor Rossel]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|11|5}}|caps=1|goals=0|club=[[C.D. Universidad César Vallejo|Universidad César Vallejo]]|clubnat=Peru|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Johan Sotil]]|age={{birth date and age|1982|8|29}}|caps=2|goals=0|club=[[Sport Huancayo]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Johan Fano]]|age={{birth date and age|1978|8|9}}|caps=17|goals=3|club=[[Universitario de Deportes]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, February 8, 2011 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[José Carlos Fernández (Peruvian footballer)|José Carlos Fernández]]|age={{birth date and age|1983|5|14}}|caps=3|goals=2|club=[[Sociedad Deportivo Quito|Deportivo Quito]]|clubnat=ECU|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|nat=Peru|pos=FW| name=[[Juan Diego González-Vigil]]|age={{birth date and age|1985|2|18}}|caps=4|goals=0|club=[[Sporting Cristal]]|clubnat=PER|latest= vs {{fb|COL}}, November 17, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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*{{nat fs r player|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Daniel Chávez]]|age={{birth date and age|1988|1|8}}|caps=10|goals=0|club=[[FC Oţelul Galaţi|Oţelul Galaţi]]|clubnat=ROM|latest= vs {{fb|PAN}}, October 12, 2010 (Friendly)}} |
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{{nat fs g end}} |
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==Managers== |
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{{main|List of managers of the Peru national football team}} |
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Since the creation of the national team in 1927, several coaches have been in charge of managing Peru. The first coach, Uruguayan [[Pedro Olivieri]], was appointed for the [[1927 South American Championship]] that was held in Peru. During the first World Cup in 1930, Spaniard [[Francisco Bru]] was given the position of manager.<ref>{{cite web | title=1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay | publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=1/teams/team=43929.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> However, Peru was to win its first two international titles (the Bolivarian Games of 1938 and the South American championship of 1939) under the coaching of English [[Jack Greenwell]]. |
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Brazilian [[Valdir Pereira]], Peruvian [[Marcos Calderón]], and Brazilian [[Elba de Pádua Lima]] were to lead Peru in its FIFA World Cup games of 1970, 1978, and 1982 respectively.<ref>{{cite web | title=1970 FIFA World Cup Mexico | publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=32/teams/team=43929.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=1978 FIFA World Cup Argentina | publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=50/teams/team=43929.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=1982 FIFA World Cup Spain | publisher=FIFA.com| url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=59/teams/team=43929.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Both Pereira and Calderón managed to get past the first round of the competition, but to date Pereira's quarterfinal finish is the farthest Peru has gotten in the World Cup. Nonetheless, Calderón would manage Peru in its 1975 Copa América victory, the national team's second title in the competition. Other tournament winning coaches include Colombian [[Francisco Maturana]] and Peruvian [[Freddy Ternero]], who both obtained the [[Kirin Cup]] titles of 1999 and 2005 respectively. |
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Statistically the most successful manager was Jack Greenwell, who won all eight games in which he took charge. Discounting managers who took charge in ten or less games, the least successful manager was Brazilian [[José Macia]], with just two wins in 23 games. The current manager of Peru, Uruguayan [[Sergio Markarián]], was appointed in 2010 as the replacement of [[José del Solar]]. Markarián is tasked with leading Peru in the [[2011 Copa America]] and the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] CONMEBOL qualifiers. |
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<small>These are the latest 10 managers of the national football team, for a complete list please visit the main article:</small> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" cellpadding="3" style="text-align: center;" |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[1953 South American Championship|1953]] |
|||
!Name |
|||
|style="border:3px solid red" align=left|{{flag|Peru}} |
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!Peru career |
|||
|Fifth place |
|||
!Played |
|||
!Won |
|||
!Drawn |
|||
!Lost |
|||
!Win % |
|||
!Achievements |
|||
|- |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Freddy Ternero]] |
|||
|1997 Copa America |
|||
|6 |
|6 |
||
|3 |
|3 |
||
| |
|1 |
||
| |
|2 |
||
|4 |
|||
|50.00 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|<small>[[1997 Copa America]] – Fourth Place</small> |
|||
|[[1953 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1955 South American Championship|1955]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Juan Carlos Oblitas]] |
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|align=left|{{flag|Chile}} |
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|1996–1999 |
|||
|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
|||
|38 |
|||
| |
|5 |
||
| |
|2 |
||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|13 |
|13 |
||
|11 |
|||
|42.10 |
|||
|[[1955 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
|||
|<small>{{BronzeMedal}} [[1997 U.S. Cup]] – Third Place</small> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1956 South American Championship|1956]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Francisco Maturana]] |
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|align=left|{{flag|Uruguay}} |
|||
|1999–2000 |
|||
|Sixth place |
|||
|14 |
|||
| |
|5 |
||
|0 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|4 |
|4 |
||
|6 |
|6 |
||
|11 |
|||
|28.57 |
|||
|[[1956 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
|||
|<small>{{BronzeMedal}} [[2000 Gold Cup]] – Third Place</small> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|1959]] (first) |
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|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Julio César Uribe]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |
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|2000–2002 |
|||
| style="background:#fffacd"|Fourth place |
|||
|15 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|10 |
|||
|11 |
|||
|[[1959 South American Championship (Argentina) squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|1959]] (second) |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Ecuador|1900}} |
|||
| colspan="8" |''Did not enter'' |
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|- |
|||
|[[1963 South American Championship|1963]] |
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|align=left|{{flag|Bolivia}} |
|||
|Fifth place |
|||
|6 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|3 |
|3 |
||
|4 |
|||
|8 |
|8 |
||
|11 |
|||
|20.00 |
|||
|[[1963 South American Championship squads|Squad]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1967 South American Championship|1967]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Paulo Autuori]] |
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|align=left|{{flag|Uruguay}} |
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|2003–2005 |
|||
| colspan="8" |''Withdrew'' |
|||
|31 |
|||
|- |
|||
!colspan="10"|Copa América (1975–present) |
|||
|- |
|||
!Year |
|||
!Host |
|||
!Round |
|||
!{{Abbr|Pld|Games played}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|W|Won}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|D|Drawn}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|L|Lost}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}} |
|||
!Squad |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1975 Copa América|1975]] |
|||
|No fixed host |
|||
|bgcolor=gold|'''Champions''' |
|||
|9 |
|9 |
||
| |
|6 |
||
| |
|1 |
||
|2 |
|||
|29.03 |
|||
|14 |
|||
|7 |
|||
|[[1975 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1979 Copa América|1979]] |
|||
|No fixed host |
|||
|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
|||
|2 |
|||
|0 |
|0 |
||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|[[1979 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1983 Copa América|1983]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Freddy Ternero]] |
|||
|No fixed host |
|||
|2005–2006 |
|||
|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
|||
|8 |
|||
| |
|6 |
||
|2 |
|2 |
||
|3 |
|3 |
||
|1 |
|||
|37.50 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|<small>{{GoldMedal}} [[2005 Kirin Cup]] – Champions</small> |
|||
|- |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Franco Navarro]] |
|||
|2006 |
|||
|7 |
|7 |
||
|[[1983 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1987 Copa América|1987]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |
|||
|Group stage |
|||
|2 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|[[1987 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1989 Copa América|1989]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |
|||
|Group stage |
|||
|4 |
|||
|0 |
|0 |
||
|3 |
|3 |
||
|1 |
|||
|4 |
|4 |
||
|7 |
|||
|0.00 |
|||
|[[1989 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1991 Copa América|1991]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Chile}} |
|||
|Group stage |
|||
|4 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|0 |
|0 |
||
|3 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|[[1991 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1993 Copa América|1993]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[Julio César Uribe]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Ecuador|1900}} |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|7 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|2 |
||
|1 |
|1 |
||
|4 |
|4 |
||
|5 |
|||
|28.57 |
|||
|[[1993 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[1995 Copa América|1995]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Uruguay}} |
|||
|Group stage |
|||
|3 |
|||
|0 |
|0 |
||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|[[1995 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1997 Copa América|1997]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Peru}} [[José del Solar]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Bolivia}} |
|||
|2007–2009 |
|||
| style="background:#fffacd"|Fourth place |
|||
|28 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|6 |
|6 |
||
| |
|3 |
||
|21.43 |
|||
|0 |
|0 |
||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|[[1997 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1999 Copa América|1999]] |
|||
|style="text-align: left;"|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Sergio Markarián]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Paraguay}} |
|||
|2010–present |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|16 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|7 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|[[1999 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2001 Copa América|2001]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Colombia}} |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|8 |
|8 |
||
|[[2001 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2004 Copa América|2004]] |
|||
|style="border:3px solid red" align=left|{{flag|Peru}} |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|4 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|7 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|[[2004 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2007 Copa América|2007]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Venezuela}} |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|4 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|5 |
|5 |
||
|8 |
|||
|[[2007 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2011 Copa América|2011]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Argentina}} |
|||
|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
|||
|6 |
|||
|3 |
|3 |
||
|1 |
|||
|50.00 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|<small>{{GoldMedal}} [[2011 Kirin Cup]] – Champions <br> {{BronzeMedal}} [[2011 Copa America]] – Third Place</small> |
|||
|8 |
|||
|-class="sortbottom" |
|||
|5 |
|||
! colspan="3"|Total Games Played: 170 !! 54 !! 44 !! 72 !! 31.76 |
|||
|[[2011 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2015 Copa América|2015]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Chile}} |
|||
|bgcolor=#c96|Third place |
|||
|6 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|[[2015 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2016 Copa America|2016]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|USA}} |
|||
|Quarter-finals |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|[[Copa América Centenario squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2019 Copa América|2019]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |
|||
|bgcolor="silver"|'''Runners-up''' |
|||
|6 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|10 |
|||
|11 |
|||
|[[2019 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2021 Copa América|2021]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |
|||
| style="background:#fffacd"|Fourth place |
|||
|7 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|10 |
|||
|14 |
|||
|[[2021 Copa América squads|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2024 Copa América|2024]] |
|||
|align=left|{{flag|USA}} |
|||
|''To be determined'' |
|||
|2 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|[[2024 Copa América squads#Peru|Squad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
!Total |
|||
!2 titles |
|||
!34/47 |
|||
!139 |
|||
!56 |
|||
!38 |
|||
!60 |
|||
!203 |
|||
!225 |
|||
!— |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
*<small>Freddy Ternero took charge during the 1997 Copa America, but Juan Carlos Oblitas was the head coach.</small> |
|||
{{Peru national football team managers}} |
|||
=== CONCACAF Gold Cup === |
|||
==Records and Fixtures== |
|||
{{main|Peru at the CONCACAF Gold Cup}} |
|||
{{main|Peru national football team records|Peru national football team results and fixtures}} |
|||
[[Image:Seminario Goal.png|thumb|right|[[Juan Seminario]] scores one of his three goals against [[England national football team|England]] in the match Peru won by 4–1.]] |
|||
According to [[CONMEBOL]], Peruvian teams are often said to play with much technique and elegance, generally making them one of the finest exponents of South American football.<ref name="CONMEBOL">{{cite web | title=Peruvian football federation| publisher=conmebol.com | url=http://www.conmebol.com/federaciones_pais_index.jsp?pais=per&slangab=E | accessdate=2008-08-09 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080801161211/http://www.conmebol.com/federaciones_pais_index.jsp?pais=per&slangab=E |archivedate = August 1, 2008}}</ref> Peru has positive overall head-to-head records against Asian, African, Caribbean, and Central American teams. |
|||
<ref>{{cite web | title=Peru v Caribbean teams| publisher=RSSSF.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/perucarres.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}<br /> {{cite web | title=Peru v Asian teams 1967–2005| publisher=RSSSF.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peruasres.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}<br /> {{cite web | title=Peru v African teams 1970–1982| publisher=RSSSF.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/peruafrres.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}<br /> {{cite web | title=Peru v Central American teams| publisher=RSSSF.com| url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesp/perucamres.html| accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> The largest margin of victory achieved by the ''Blanquirroja'' is a 9–1 score against Ecuador in the inaugural [[Bolivarian Games]]. The team's record defeat took place in the [[Copa América 1997|1997 Copa América]], when Brazil defeated Peru by a score of 7–0.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Peru is the first team that received a [[FIFA World Cup awards#FIFA Fair Play Trophy|FIFA Fair Play Trophy]]. The Peruvians received the award in the [[1970 FIFA World Cup]] because they were the only team that received no [[Yellow card (sports)|yellow]] or [[Red card (sports)|red cards]] in their games.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=La Lista #5 (Especial del Mundial), México 1970| publisher=Arkivperu.com | url=http://www.arkivperu.com/| accessdate=2009-03-13}}</ref> |
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Peru competed in the [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]'s fifth edition [[2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|in 2000]]. Peru participated, along with Colombia and [[South Korea national football team|South Korea]], as that year's invitees. The Peruvian team's overall record in the tournament is 1 victory, 1 draw, and 2 losses.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> |
|||
[[Roberto Palacios]] has the most appearances with the national team, having played 122 times between 1992 and 2007. [[Héctor Chumpitaz]], with 105 appearances, and [[Jorge Soto]], with 101 appearances, follow in second and third respectively. For goalkeepers, [[Oscar Ibañez]] holds the most appearances with 50 [[Cap (sport)|caps]], followed by [[Miguel Miranda]] (47 caps) and [[Ramón Quiroga]] (40 caps).<ref name="Peru Records">{{cite web | title=Peru – Record International Players| publisher=Rsssf.com | url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/peru-recintlp.html| accessdate=2009-03-09}}</ref> [[Teófilo Cubillas]] holds the team's record of top goalscorer with 26 goals in 81 appearances. [[Teodoro Fernández]] is in second, but holds a better goal per appearance average with 24 goals in 32 appearances. In third place is [[Nolberto Solano]], who has 20 goals in 89 appearances.<ref name="Peru Records"/> [[Claudio Pizarro]] scored Peru's fastest goal during a match against [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]] on August 20, 2003; Pizarro also scored the second fastest goal while [[Luis Ramírez]] scored the third.<ref>[http://www.libero.pe/content/gol-de-%E2%80%9Ccachito%E2%80%9D-es-el-tercer-tanto-m%C3%A1s-r%C3%A1pido-de-la-blanquirroja Gol de “Cachito” es el tercer tanto más rápido de la blanquirroja | LÍBERO WEB<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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[[Ysrael Zúñiga]] scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 14 February 2000, in a match against [[Haiti national football team|Haiti]]. [[Roberto Palacios]], the team's top scorer with two goals in four matches, received a spot in that year's "team of the tournament", comprising the competition's eleven best players.<ref name=GoldCup>{{cite news | first=Barrie | last=Courtney | title=CONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2000 - Full Details |access-date=22 November 2017| website=[[RSSSF]] | url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/00gc-full.html |date=19 November 2005}}</ref> |
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[[Alejandro Villanueva]], [[Teodoro Fernández]], and [[Juan Valdivieso]] were part of the [[Combinado del Pacífico]] that toured Europe from 1933 to 1934 and ultimately ended with an alleged record of 13 games won, 13 tied, and 13 lost; Fernández was top scorer with 48 goals.<ref name="Combinado"/> [[Hugo Sotil]], [[Héctor Chumpitaz]], and [[Teófilo Cubillas]] were selected from the Peruvian football team to be part of the starting line-up of the [[South America XI]] that played against the [[Europe XI]] in 1973 at the [[Nou Camp]] of [[FC Barcelona]]. Sotil scored South America's second goal, and Chumpitaz scored the tying goal (4–4); South America beat Europe 7–6 in the penalty rounds.<ref>{{es icon}}{{cite web | title=El Numero Diez, Peruanos en Resto del Mundo| publisher=Arkivperu.com | url=http://arkivperu.com/cubillas.htm| accessdate=2009-03-14}}</ref> |
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Peru progressed past the North American tournament's first stage, despite not winning any of its matches, as the second-best ranked team in Group B behind the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]].<ref name=GoldCup/> Peru next defeated [[Honduras national football team|Honduras]] 5–3 in a heated quarter-finals match that ended a minute early due to a [[pitch invasion]] by irate Honduran fans.<ref>{{cite news | agency=Associated Press | title=CONPLUS: SOCCER -- GOLD CUP; Peru Given Victory After Riot in Miami | work=The New York Times |access-date=22 November 2017| url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/00gc-full.html |date=20 February 2000}}</ref> Colombia defeated Peru 2–1 in the semi-finals, in a match that included an [[own goal]] from Peru's Marcial Salazar.<ref name=GoldCup/> |
|||
Peru has played a total 525 official matches, including friendlies, since 1927. There have been numerous memorable matches throughout the history of the ''Blanquirroja'', including varied results such as the surprising [[Peru v England (1959)|4–1 victory over England]] and the disappointing disqualification from the 1936 Summer Olympics after [[Peru v Austria (1936)|defeating Austria 4–2]].<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> Peru's last match was against Venezuela in the Copa America 2011 third place match. Peru won 4–1.<ref>http://www.libero.pe/copa-america-2011/tercero-de-america-peru-vencio-4-1-venezuela-2011-07-23</ref> |
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=== Olympic Games === |
|||
==Footnotes== |
|||
{{see also|Peru at the Olympics}} |
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{{reflist|3}} |
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[[File:Peru v Austria 1936 Valdivieso.png|thumb|alt=An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and punches the ball away from his goalmouth|Peru playing against Austria in the 1936 [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic football tournament]].]] |
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Peru's senior side has competed in the Olympic football tournament once, at the 1936 Summer Olympics in [[Berlin]], Germany. The multiracial 1936 team has been latterly described by historian David Goldblatt as "the jewel of the country's first Olympic delegation".{{sfn|Goldblatt|2008|p=641}} It had a record of two victories, scoring 11 goals and conceding 5.<ref name="RSSSF, ''International Results''" /> |
|||
Teodoro Fernández scored Peru's first goal in the tournament in the match against [[Finland national football team|Finland]] on 6 August, and finished as the team's top scorer with six goals in two games, including Peru's only [[hat-trick]] at the Olympics.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=351}} |
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==References== |
|||
{{Refbegin}} |
|||
The [[1935 South American Championship]] in Lima acted as the qualifying stage for the [[Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Olympic tournament]]. Uruguay won undefeated and Argentina came second, but neither took up their Olympic spot because of economic issues. Peru, who had come third, duly represented South America.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=349}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Martín |last=Tabeira |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/35safull.html |title=Southamerican Championship 1935 |date=23 November 2007 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=23 June 2013 }}</ref> The Peruvian team began the competition with a 7–3 win over Finland,{{sfn|Witzig|2006|p=351}} after which it faced [[Austria national football team|Austria]], managed by [[Jimmy Hogan]] and popularly known as the ''[[Wunderteam]]'', in the quarter-finals.{{efn-ua|Although an amateur side in 1936 with no players from their [[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934 World Cup]] team,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dechalaca.com/hemeroteca/fullmito/peru-en-los-juegos-olimpicos-de-1936-berlin-sin-muros |title=Perú en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1936: Berlín sin muros |first1=Roberto|last1=Castro|first2=Alfredo|last2=Tirado|date=3 August 2010 |access-date=25 June 2013 |publisher=DeChalaca |language=es}}</ref> Austria's 1936 Olympic side is also considered part of the ''Wunderteam'' by sports historians and FIFA. This favours the idea that the ''Wunderteam'' was primarily a strategic creation of coaches Jimmy Hogan and [[Hugo Meisl]].<ref>See: |
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*{{cite book| author=Goldblatt, David | title=The Ball is Round| location=London, London, England | publisher=Penguin Group | year=2008 | isbn=1-5944-8296-9 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=i1158WHUTvwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s| accessdate=August 10, 2010}} |
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* {{harvnb|Agostino|2002|p=80}}, |
|||
*{{cite book| author=Goldblatt, David | title=World Soccer Yearbook | location=London, London, England | publisher=DK Pub | year=2002 | isbn=0-7894-8943-0 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ojaYcJEkD18C&q=bibliogroup:%22Soccer+Yearbook%22&dq=bibliogroup:%22Soccer+Yearbook%22&hl=en&ei=kepgTMXJN8L98AbclcHsCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ| accessdate=August 10, 2010}} |
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* {{harvnb|Witzig|2006|p=351}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/coaches/coach=61643/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308003847/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/coaches/coach=61643/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 March 2008 |title=Classic Coach: Hugo Meisl – The banker's son who masterminded a Wunderteam | access-date=25 June 2013 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref>}} After the game ended 2–2, Peru scored twice in extra time to [[Peru 4–2 Austria (1936 Summer Olympics association football)|win 4–2]].{{sfn|Murray|1994|p=66}} Peru expected to then face Poland in the semi-finals, but events off the pitch led to the withdrawal of Peru's Olympic delegation before the match.{{efn-ua|Austria disputed the 4–2 result, asserting that Peruvian fans had invaded the pitch.{{sfn|Mandell|1987|p=194}} While some spectators did encroach on the field of play, the authorities never confirmed their nationality. Moreover, the Peruvians had no responsibility over crowd control in the German stadium.{{sfn|Witzig|2006|pp=352, 358}} A FIFA committee headed by [[Jules Rimet]] ordered a replay [[Behind closed doors (football)|behind closed doors]], prompting Peru's President [[Óscar R. Benavides]] to withdraw his entire Olympic delegation in protest.{{sfn|Mandell|1987|p=194}}}} |
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*{{cite book| author=Roel, Virgilio | title=Historia social y económica del Perú en el siglo XIX | location=Lima, Lima, Peru | publisher=Librería y Distribuidora "El Alba" | year=1997 | isbn= | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=osUTAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s| accessdate=July 21, 2010}} |
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*{{cite book| author=Thorndike, Guillermo | title=El Revés de Morir| location=Barranco, Lima, Peru | publisher=Mosca Azul Editores | year=1978 | isbn= | url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=A8pITIa3NIT78Aats-yvDg&ct=result&id=BJItAAAAIAAJ&dq=Guillermo+Thorndike+El+Reves+de+morir&q=mestizos| accessdate=July 22, 2010}} |
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== See also == |
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*{{cite book| author=Witzig, Richard | title=The Global Art of Soccer | location=Harahan, Louisiana, USA | publisher=CusiBoy Publishing | year=2006 | isbn=0-9776-6880-0| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H2T0ZD5S86QC&source=gbs_navlinks_s| accessdate=July 22, 2010}} |
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{{portal bar|Association football|Peru}} |
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* [[Peru national football team indiscipline scandals]] |
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* [[Peru women's national football team]] |
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* [[Peru Olympic football team]] |
|||
* [[Peru national under-20 football team]] |
|||
* [[Peru national under-17 football team]] |
|||
* [[Peru national beach soccer team]] |
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* [[Peru national futsal team]] |
|||
* [[Peruvian Primera División]] |
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* [[Sport in Peru]] |
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== Bibliography == |
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{{refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Agostino | first = Gilberto | title = Vencer Ou Morrer: Futebol, Geopolítica e Identidade Nacional | year = 2002 | publisher = FAPERJ & MAUAD Editora Ltda. | location = Rio de Janeiro | language = pt| isbn = 85-7478-068-5 }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Aguirre | first = Carlos | editor1-first= Carlos | editor1-last= Aguirre | editor2-first= Aldo | editor2-last= Panfichi | year= 2013 | title = <<Perú Campeón>>: Fiebre Futbolística y Nacionalismo en 1970 | encyclopedia= Lima, Siglo XX: Cultura, Socialización y Cambio | publisher= Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú | location= Lima| isbn = 978-612-4146-58-9}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Basadre | first = Jorge | author-link1 = Jorge Basadre | title = Historia de la República del Perú | volume = 10 | year = 1964 | publisher = Talleres Graficos P.L. Villanueva S.A. | location = Lima | language = es}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last = Nauright | editor1-first = John | editor2-last= Parrish | editor2-first= Charles | year= 2012| title = Association Football, Pacific Coast of South America | encyclopedia= Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice | publisher= ABC-Clio | location= Santa Barbara | volume = 3| isbn = 978-1-59884-301-9 | last = Bravo | first = Gonzalo }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Campomar | first = Andreas | title = Golazo! The Beautiful Game from the Aztecs to the World Cup| year = 2014 | publisher = Riverhead Books | location = New York City| isbn = 978-0-698-15253-3 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Dunmore | first = Tom | title = Historical Dictionary of Soccer | year = 2011 | publisher = Scarecrow Press, Inc. | location = Plymouth| isbn = 978-0-8108-7188-5 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Fiore | first = Fernando | author-link1 = Fernando Fiore | title = ¡Vamos al Mundial! | year = 2012 | publisher = HarperCollins | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-06-222664-8 | language= es}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Foley Gambetta | first = Enrique | title = Léxico del Peru | volume = 3 | year = 1983 | publisher = Talleres Jahnos | location = Lima | language = es}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Goldblatt | first = David | title = The Ball is Round | year = 2008 | publisher = Riverhead Trade | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-59448-296-0}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Handelsman | first = Michael | title = Culture and Customs of Ecuador | year = 2000 | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport| isbn = 0-313-30244-8 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Henshaw | first = Richard | title = The Encyclopedia of World Soccer | year = 1979 | publisher = New Republic Books | location = Washington, D.C.| isbn = 0-915220-34-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000hens_z1k7 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Higgins | first = James | title = Lima: A Cultural and Literary History | year = 2005 | publisher = Signal Books Limited | location = Oxford | isbn = 1-902669-98-3}} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Jacobsen | first = Nils | editor1-last = Herb | editor1-first = Guntram | editor2-last= Kaplan | editor2-first= David | year= 2008 | title = Peru | encyclopedia= Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview | publisher= ABC-Clio | location= Santa Barbara | volume = 1| isbn = 978-1-85109-907-8 }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Leigh Raffo | first = Denise | editor-last= Rosas Lauro | editor-first= Claudia | year= 2005 | title = El miedo a la multitud. Dos provincianos en el Estadio Nacional, 1950–1970 | encyclopedia= El Miedo en el Perú: Siglos XVI al XX | publisher= PUCP Fondo Editorial | location= Lima| language= es | isbn = 9972-42-690-4 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Llopis | first = Ramón | title = Fútbol Postnacional: Transformaciones Sociales y Culturales del "Deporte Global" en Europa y América Latina | year = 2009 | publisher = Anthropos Editorial | isbn = 978-84-7658-937-3 | language=es | location = Barcelona}} |
|||
* {{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Richard | title = The Nazi Olympics | url = https://archive.org/details/naziolympics0000mand | url-access = registration | year = 1987 | publisher = University of Illinois Press | location = Champaign | isbn = 0-252-01325-5}} |
|||
* {{cite book | last = Miró | first = César | title = Los Intimos de La Victoria | year = 1958 | publisher = Editorial El Deporte | location = Lima | language = es}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Murray | first = William | title = Football: A History of the World Game | year = 1994 | publisher = Scolar Press | location = Aldershot| isbn = 1-85928-091-9 }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last= Darby | editor1-first= Paul | editor2-last= Johnes | editor2-first= Martin | editor3-last= Mellor | editor3-first= Gavin | year= 2005 | title = Political and Social Fantasies in Peruvian Football: The Tragedy of Alianza Lima in 1987 | encyclopedia= Soccer and Disaster: International Perspectives | publisher= Routledge | location= New York| isbn = 0-7146-5352-7 | last1 = Panfichi | first1 = Aldo | last2 = Vich | first2 = Victor }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Radnedge | first = Keir | title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Soccer | year = 2001 | publisher = Universe Publishing | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7893-0670-8}} |
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* {{cite book | last = Snyder | first = John | title = Soccer's Most Wanted | year = 2001 | publisher = Potomac Books, Inc. | location = Washington, D.C. | isbn = 978-1-57488-365-7| url = https://archive.org/details/soccersmostwante00john_0 }} |
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* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Stein | first = Steve | editor1-last= Stavans | editor1-first= Ilan | year= 2011 | title = The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima | encyclopedia= Fútbol | publisher= ABC-CLIO, LLC | location= Santa Barbara| isbn = 978-0-313-37515-6 }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Thorndike | first = Guillermo | author-link1 = Guillermo Thorndike | title = El Revés de Morir | year = 1978 | publisher = Mosca Azul Editores | location = Lima| language = es }} |
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* {{cite book | last = Witzig | first = Richard | title = The Global Art of Soccer | year = 2006 | publisher = CusiBoy Publishing | location = Harahan | isbn = 0-9776688-0-0}} |
|||
* {{cite encyclopedia | last= Wood | first= David | editor1-first= Rory | editor1-last= Miller | editor2-first= Liz | editor2-last= Crolley | year= 2007 | title= ''¡Arriba Perú!'' The Role of Football in the Formation of a Peruvian National Culture | encyclopedia= Football in the Americas | publisher= Institute for the Study of the Americas | location= London | isbn= 978-1-900039-80-2 | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/footballinameric0000unse }} |
|||
* {{cite encyclopedia | year= 2010 | title= Soccer: The Ultimate Guide | publisher= DK Publishing | location= New York | ref = {{harvid|DK Publishing|2010}} | isbn = 978-0-7566-7321-5 }} |
|||
* {{cite encyclopedia | year= 2011 | title= Essential Soccer Skills | publisher= DK Publishing | location= New York | ref= {{harvid|DK Publishing|2011}} | isbn= 978-0-7566-5902-8 | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/essentialsoccers0000unse }} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
||
== Notes and references == |
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==External links== |
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=== Notes === |
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*[http://www.fpf.com.pe/ Peru FA] |
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{{notelist-ua|2}} |
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*[http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=per/index.html FIFA team profile] |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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* [http://www.peruenlosmundiales.8m.net/ All about Peru in FIFA World Cup] (Spanish) |
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{{notelist}} |
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* [http://www.peruenlasolimpiadas.8m.net/ All about Peru in Olimpic Games] (Spanish) |
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* [http://www.peruenlacopadeoro.8m.net/ All about Peru in the CONCACAF Gold Cup 2000] (Spanish) |
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* [http://www.mundialsub17peru2005.8m.net/ All about the FIFA U-17 World Cup Peru 2005] (Spanish) |
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=== References === |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{ |
{{reflist|20em}} |
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== External links == |
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{{commons category}} |
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* {{official website}} {{in lang|es}} |
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* [https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/PER Peru profile] on FIFA.com |
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* [http://www.eloratings.net/Peru.htm ELO team records] |
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{{s-start-collapsible|header={{s-ach}}}} |
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{{succession box |
{{succession box |
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| before = Inaugural Champions |
| before = Inaugural Champions |
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| title = [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Champions]] |
| title = [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Champions]] |
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| years = [[1938 Bolivarian Games|1938]] (First |
| years = [[1938 Bolivarian Games|1938]] (First title) |
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| after = U-20 {{fbu-rt|20|PER|1825}} |
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| before = [[South American Championship |
| before = [[1937 South American Championship|1937]] {{fb-rt|ARG}} |
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| title = [[Copa América|South American Champions]] |
| title = [[Copa América|South American Champions]] |
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| years = [[South American Championship |
| years = [[1939 South American Championship|1939]] (First title) |
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| after = [[1941 South American Championship|1941]] {{fb-rt|ARG}} |
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| before = [[ |
| before = [[1967 Copa América|1967]] {{fb-rt|URU}} |
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| title = [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Champions]] |
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| years = [[1961 Bolivarian Games|1961]] (Third title) |
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| after = [[1965 Bolivarian Games|1965]] {{fb-rt|Ecuador}} |
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}} |
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| before = [[1970 Bolivarian Games|1970]] {{fb-rt|Bolivia}} |
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| title = [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Champions]] |
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| years = [[1973 Bolivarian Games|1973]] (Fourth title) |
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| after = [[1977 Bolivarian Games|1977]] {{fb-rt|Bolivia}} |
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}} |
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{{succession box |
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| before = [[Copa América 1967|1967]] {{fb-rt|URU}} |
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| title = [[Copa América|South American Champions]] |
| title = [[Copa América|South American Champions]] |
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| years = [[Copa América |
| years = [[1975 Copa América|1975]] (Second title) |
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| after = [[Copa América |
| after = [[1979 Copa América|1979]] {{fb-rt|PAR|1954}} |
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}} |
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{{succession box |
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| before = [[1977 Bolivarian Games|1977]] {{fb-rt|Bolivia}} |
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| title = [[Football at the Bolivarian Games|Bolivarian Champions]] |
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| years = [[1981 Bolivarian Games|1981]] (Fifth title) |
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| after = U-20 Tournaments |
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}} |
}} |
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{{succession box |
{{succession box |
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| before = 1998 {{fb-rt|Japan}} |
| before = 1998 {{fb-rt|Japan|1870}} |
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| title = [[Kirin Cup|Kirin Cup Champions]] |
| title = [[Kirin Cup|Kirin Cup Champions]] |
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| years = 1999 (First title, shared) |
| years = 1999 (First title, shared) |
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| title = [[Kirin Cup|Kirin Cup Champions]] |
| title = [[Kirin Cup|Kirin Cup Champions]] |
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| years = 2011 (Third title, shared) |
| years = 2011 (Third title, shared) |
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| after = |
| after = 2016 {{fb-rt|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
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}} |
}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Peru national football team}} |
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{{Football in Peru}} |
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{{South American Football}} |
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|titlestyle = background:white; color:#D91023; {{box-shadow border|a|#D91023|2px}} |
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{{Navboxes||title=Finalists|list1= |
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{{1930 FIFA World Cup finalists}} |
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|title = Peru squads at the Copa América |
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{{Peru squad 1927 South American Championship}} |
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{{Peru squad 1929 South American Championship}} |
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{{Peru squad 1939 South American Championship}} |
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{{Peru squad 1975 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1987 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1989 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1991 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1993 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1995 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1997 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 1999 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 2001 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 2004 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 2007 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 2011 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad 2015 Copa América}} |
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{{Peru squad Copa América Centenario}} |
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{{Peru squad 2019 Copa América}} |
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}} |
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{{Navboxes |
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|title = Peru squads at World Cup final tournaments |
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|bg=white |
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|fg=#D91023 |
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|list1 = |
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{{Peru squad 1930 FIFA World Cup}} |
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{{Peru squad 1970 FIFA World Cup}} |
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{{Peru squad 1982 FIFA World Cup}} |
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{{Peru squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}} |
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}} |
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{{Navboxes |
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|title = Peru squads at the Summer Olympics |
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|list1 = |
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{{Peru football squad 1936 Summer Olympics}} |
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{{Peru football squad 1960 Summer Olympics}} |
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}} |
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{{Navboxes||title=World Cup final tournaments featuring Peru|list1= |
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{{1930 FIFA World Cup finalists}} |
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{{1982 FIFA World Cup finalists}} |
{{1982 FIFA World Cup finalists}} |
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{{2018 FIFA World Cup finalists}} |
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}} |
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{{Football in Peru}} |
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{{National sports teams of Peru}} |
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}} |
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{{featured article}} |
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[[Category:Peru national football team| ]] |
[[Category:Peru national football team| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1927 establishments in Peru]] |
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[[ar:منتخب بيرو لكرة القدم]] |
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[[bg:Национален отбор по футбол на Перу]] |
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[[ca:Selecció de futbol del Perú]] |
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[[et:Peruu jalgpallikoondis]] |
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[[fr:Équipe du Pérou de football]] |
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[[gl:Selección de fútbol de Perú]] |
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[[ko:페루 축구 국가대표팀]] |
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[[id:Tim nasional sepak bola Peru]] |
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[[it:Nazionale di calcio del Perù]] |
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[[he:נבחרת פרו בכדורגל]] |
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[[lt:Peru vyrų futbolo rinktinė]] |
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[[nl:Peruviaans voetbalelftal]] |
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[[ja:サッカーペルー代表]] |
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[[no:Perus herrelandslag i fotball]] |
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[[pl:Reprezentacja Peru w piłce nożnej]] |
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[[pt:Seleção Peruana de Futebol]] |
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[[ro:Echipa națională de fotbal a Perului]] |
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[[simple:Peru national football team]] |
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[[fi:Perun jalkapallomaajoukkue]] |
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[[tr:Peru Millî Futbol Takımı]] |
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[[uk:Збірна Перу з футболу]] |
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[[vi:Đội tuyển bóng đá quốc gia Peru]] |
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[[zh:秘魯國家足球隊]] |
Revision as of 22:53, 27 June 2024
![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nickname(s) | La Bicolor (The Bicolour) La Blanquirroja (The White and Red) La Rojiblanca (The Red and White) Los Incas (The Incas) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Association | Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Confederation | CONMEBOL (South America) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Head coach | Jorge Fossati[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Captain | Paolo Guerrero | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most caps | Roberto Palacios (128) Yoshimar Yotún (128) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Top scorer | Paolo Guerrero (39) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Home stadium | Estadio Nacional | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIFA code | PER | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FIFA ranking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current | 42 ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Highest | 10 (October 2017) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lowest | 91 (September 2009) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First international | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Lima, Peru; 1 November 1927) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Bogotá, Colombia; 11 August 1938) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Biggest defeat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() ![]() (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; 26 June 1997) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 5 (first in 1930) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Quarter-finals (1970, 1978) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copa América | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 33 (first in 1927) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Champions (1939, 1975) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Panamerican Championship | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 2 (first in 1952) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Fourth place (1952, 1956) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CONCACAF Gold Cup | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 1 (first in 2000) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Semi-finals (2000) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bolivarian Games | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearances | 11 (first in 1938) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Best result | Champions (1938, 1947, 1961, 1973, 1977, 1981, 2001) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Website | fpf.pe |
The Peru national football team represents Peru in men's international football. The national team has been organised, since 1927, by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF).[A] The FPF constitutes one of the ten members of FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Peru has won the Copa América twice, and has qualified for the FIFA World Cup five times (last appearing in 2018); the team also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition and has reached the semi-finals of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. The team plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, the country's capital.
The team wears distinctive white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe, which combine Peru's national colours. This basic design has been used continuously since 1936, and gives rise to the team's common Spanish nickname, la Blanquirroja ("the white-and-red").[4] Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ¡Arriba Perú! ("Onward Peru!") and large celebrations.[5] Peru has a longstanding rivalry with Chile.[6]
The Peru national team enjoyed its most successful periods thanks to footballing generations from the 1930s and the 1970s.[7] The 1930s generation led Peru at the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and won the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso and forwards Teodoro Fernández and Alejandro Villanueva playing important roles. The 1970s generation qualified Peru for three World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975; the team then notably included defender Héctor Chumpitaz and the forward partnership of Hugo Sotil and Teófilo Cubillas.
The national team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 39 goals, and its two joint most-capped players are Roberto Palacios and Yoshimar Yotún, both with 128 appearances.[8] Since December 2023, Peru is managed by the Uruguayan Jorge Fossati.
History
During the 19th century, British immigrants and Peruvians returning from England introduced football to Peru.[9] In 1859, members of the British community in the country's capital founded the Lima Cricket Club, Peru's first organisation dedicated to the practice of cricket, rugby, and football.[B][11][12] These new sports became popular among the local upper-class over the following decades, but early developments stopped due to the War of the Pacific that Peru fought against Chile from 1879 to 1883. After the war, Peru's coastal society embraced football as a modern innovation.[13] In Lima's barrios, football became a popular daily activity, encouraged by bosses who wanted it to inspire solidarity and productivity among their workers.[14] In the adjacent port of Callao and other commercial areas, British civilian workers and sailors played the sport among themselves and with locals.[15][C] Sports rivalries between locals and foreigners arose in Callao, and between elites and workers in Lima—as foreigners departed, this became a rivalry between Callao and Lima.[9][17] These factors, coupled with the sport's rapid growth among the urban poor of Lima's La Victoria district (where, in 1901, the Alianza Lima club formed), led to Peru developing the Andean region's strongest footballing culture,[18] and, according to historian Andreas Campomar, "some of the most elegant and accomplished football on the continent".[19]
![Photo of ten men, running and carrying a large flag, inside a stadium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Peru_national_football_team_parading_in_1927_South_American_Championship.png/220px-Peru_national_football_team_parading_in_1927_South_American_Championship.png)
The Peruvian Football League, founded in 1912, held annual competitions until it disbanded in 1921 amid disputes amongst its clubs.[20] The Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), formed in 1922, reorganised the annual tournament in 1926.[21] The FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925 and, after restructuring its finances, formed the Peru national football team in 1927.[22] The team debuted in the 1927 South American Championship, hosted by the FPF at Lima's Estadio Nacional.[15] Peru lost 0–4 against Uruguay in its first match, and won 3–2 over Bolivia in its second.[23] Peru did not advance beyond the first stage of the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930.[24]
The 1930s were the team's first golden era,[7] when they improved their game through play with more experienced teams.[19] The Combinado del Pacífico (a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers) toured Europe from 1933 to 1934.[D][19] Starting with Ciclista Lima in 1926, Peru's football clubs toured Latin America with much success.[25][26] During one of these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in 1935—emerged the Rodillo Negro ("Black Roller"), a skillful group led by forwards Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso.[27] Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field.[7] Peru and the Rodillo Negro impressed at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the inaugural Bolivarian Games in 1938, and finished the decade as South American champions.[28][29]
Historian David Goldblatt assessed the decline of its previous success: "despite all the apparent preconditions for footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared".[30] He attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of "social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural poor" during the 1940s and 1950s.[30] Nevertheless, Peru performed creditably at the South American Championships, placing third in Brazil 1949 and Chile 1955, and missed qualification for the Sweden 1958 World Cup finals, over two legs to eventual champions Brazil.[31]
![Photo of four men in the foreground, inside a full stadium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Peru_Argentina_1970_World_Cup_Qualifiers.png/220px-Peru_Argentina_1970_World_Cup_Qualifiers.png)
Successes during the late 1960s, including qualification for the Mexico 1970 World Cup finals, ushered in a second golden period for Peruvian football.[7][32] The formidable forward partnership between Teófilo Cubillas and Hugo Sotil was a key factor in Peru's triumphs during the 1970s.[33] Peru reached the quarter-finals in 1970, losing to the tournament winners Brazil, and earned the first FIFA Fair Play Trophy;[34][35] historian Richard Henshaw describes Peru as "the surprise of the 1970 competition, showing flair and a high level of skill".[31] Five years later, Peru became South American champions for the second time when it won the 1975 Copa América (the then-rechristened South American Championship) despite failing to qualify for West Germany 1974 a year earlier. The team next qualified for two consecutive World Cup finals, reaching the second round in Argentina 1978 and the first group stage in Spain 1982. Peru's early elimination in 1982 marked the end of the side's globally-admired "flowing football".[36] Peru, nonetheless, barely missed the Mexico 1986 World Cup finals after placing second in a qualification group to eventual champions Argentina.[37] In their golden period from 1970 to 1982, Peru was among the best teams in the world.
By the late 1980s, renewed expectations for Peru were centred on a young generation of Alianza Lima players known colloquially as Los Potrillos ("The Colts"). Sociologists Aldo Panfichi and Victor Vich write that Los Potrillos "became the hope of the entire country"—fans expected them to qualify for the Italy 1990 World Cup finals.[38] These hopes were dashed when the national team entered a hiatus after its manager and several of its players died in a plane crash carrying most of Alianza's team and staff in 1987.[39] Peru subsequently only came close to reaching the France 1998 World Cup finals, missing qualification on goal difference,[37] but would go on to win the 1999 Kirin Cup tournament in Japan (sharing the title with Belgium)[40] and reached the semi-finals at the 1997 Copa América and the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup (contested as an invitee).[41]
Qualification for the FIFA World Cup finals continued being an elusive objective for Peru during the early 21st century.[37] According to historian Charles F. Walker, player indiscipline problems marred Peru's national team and football league.[42] Troubles in the FPF, particularly with its then-president Manuel Burga, deepened the crisis in Peruvian football—FIFA temporarily suspended the country from international competition, in late 2008, because the Peruvian government investigated alleged corruption within the FPF.[43][E] Burga's twelve-year tenure as FPF president, deemed by journalists and the public as disastrous for the national team, despite a third place at the 2011 Copa América, ended in 2014.[45][46][F] The FPF's new leadership appointed Juan Carlos Oblitas as the federation's new director and Ricardo Gareca as Peru's manager in March 2015.[49] Sports journalists credited Gareca with revitalizing Peru's football prowess by improving the players' training and professional conduct.[50] Under Gareca, Peru participated in the group stage of the Russia 2018 World Cup finals and finished runners-up at the 2019 Copa América.[51][52] After Peru narrowly missed qualification for the Qatar 2022 World Cup, losing the inter-continental play-off against Australia, the FPF appointed former team captain Juan Reynoso as Peru's new manager. Dissatisfied with results for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the FPF replaced Reynoso with Uruguayan Jorge Fossati in 2023.[53]
Kit
The Peru national football team plays in red and white, Peru's national colours.[54] Its first-choice kit has been, since 1936, white shorts, white socks, and white shirts with a distinctive red "sash" crossing their front diagonally from the proper left shoulder to the right hip and returning on the back from the right hip to the proper left shoulder. This basic scheme has been only slightly altered over the years.[4]
![Photo of twelve men, seven standing and five crouching, inside a stadium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Peru_national_football_team_match_against_Mexico_in_Lima_1968_%28retouched%29.png/310px-Peru_national_football_team_match_against_Mexico_in_Lima_1968_%28retouched%29.png)
Peru's kit has won praise as one of world football's most attractive designs. Christopher Turpin, the executive producer of NPR's All Things Considered news show, lauded the 1970 iteration as "the beautiful game's most beautiful shirt", also describing it as "retro even in 1970".[55] Miles Kohrman, football reporter for The New Republic, commended Peru's kit as "one of soccer's best-kept secrets".[56] Rory Smith, Chief Soccer Correspondent for The New York Times, referred to Peru's 2018 version of the jersey as "a classic" with a nostalgic, fan-pleasing "blood-red sash".[57] The version worn in 1978 came first in a 2010 ESPN list of the "Best World Cup jerseys of all time", described therein as "simple yet strikingly effective".[58]
Peru's first kit, made for the 1927 South American Championship, comprised a white-and-red striped shirt, white shorts and black socks.[59] At the 1930 World Cup, Peru used an alternate design because Paraguay had already registered a similar kit with white-and-red striped shirts. The Peruvians instead wore white shirts with a red collar, white shorts and black socks.[59] The team added a horizontal red stripe to the shirt for the 1935 South American Championship. The following year, at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the team adopted the iconic diagonal red sash design it has retained ever since.[4] According to historian Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora, the idea for the design came from school football matches in which coloured sashes worn over the shoulder would allow two teams wearing white shirts to play against each other.[60]
Peru wears as its badge the emblem of the Peruvian Football Federation. The first badge, presented in 1927, had a heater shield design with the country's name and the federation's acronym (FPF). Eight different emblems followed, with the longest-lasting design being the modern French escutcheon form emblazoned in the team's jersey from 1953 until 2014. This design had the Peruvian flag at its base, and either the country's name or the federation's acronym at its chief. Since 2014, the badge has a retro-inspired heater shield design, with the entire field comprised by Peru's flag and the federation's acronym, surrounded by a gold-colored frame.[61]
Eight sportswear manufacturers have supplied Peru's national team. The first, German company Adidas, supplied the team's kit in 1978 and 1983–1985. The FPF has signed contracts with manufacturers from Brazil (Penalty, 1981–82), Switzerland (Power, 1989–1991), Italy (Diadora, 1991–1992), England (Umbro, 1996–1997, 2010–2018), Ecuador (Marathon Sports, 2018–2022), and another from Germany (Puma, 1987–1989). The team has also been supplied by three local firms: Calvo Sporwear (1986–1987), Polmer (1993–1995), and Walon Sport (1998–2010).[62][63] Since January 2023, Adidas produces Peru's kit.[64]
Stadium
The traditional home of Peruvian football is the country's national stadium, the Estadio Nacional in Lima, which seats 50,000 spectators.[15] The present ground is the Estadio Nacional's third incarnation, renovated under the Alan García administration. Its official re-inauguration, 24 July 2011,[65] marked 88 years to the day after the original ground opened on the same site in 1923.[66]
To celebrate the centenary of Peru's independence from Spain, Lima's British community donated the original Estadio Nacional, a wooden structure with a capacity of 6,000.[66] Construction began on 28 July 1921, overseen by President Augusto B. Leguía.[67] The stadium's re-inauguration on 27 October 1952, under the Manuel A. Odría administration, followed an onerous campaign for its renovation led by Miguel Dasso, president of the Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima.[68][69] The renovated stadium boasted a cement structure and larger spectator capacity of 53,000.[67] Its last redevelopment, in 2011, included the construction of a plaque-covered exterior, an internal multicoloured illumination system, two giant LED screens, and 375 private suites.[70][71]
A distinctive feature of the ground is the Miguel Dasso Tower on its north side, which contains luxury boxes (renovated in 2004).[68] The Estadio Nacional currently has a natural bermudagrass pitch, reinstalled as part of redevelopments completed in 2011. Previously, the FPF had installed artificial turf in the stadium for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, making it the only national stadium in CONMEBOL with such a turf.[72] Despite the synthetic ground's rating of "FIFA Star II", the highest certification granted to artificial pitches, players accused the turf of causing them injuries, such as burns and bruises.[73]
Peru sometimes play home matches at other venues. Outside the desert-like coast region of Lima, the thin atmosphere at the high-altitude Estadio Garcilaso de la Vega in Cusco has been described as providing strategic advantages for Peru against certain visiting teams.[74] Other common alternate venues for the national team include two other grounds in the Peruvian capital—Alianza's Estadio Alejandro Villanueva and Universitario's Estadio Monumental ''U''.[75][76]
The national team's training grounds are located within the Villa Deportiva Nacional (VIDENA) sports complex in Lima's San Luis district. Since 1981, the complex is managed by the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD).[77] In 2017, following Peru's qualification for the Russia 2018 World Cup finals, the Peruvian Football Federation announced the creation of a new complex, the Center of National Teams, in Lima's Chaclacayo district. The new complex will contain six training grounds for both the male and the female squads, including the senior and the youth sides.[78] In 2023, the FPF also announced its Plan Maestro, which incorporates modernized infrastructure in the VIDENA.[79]
Supporters
![Photograph of a large poster, placed on a wall behind a tree, depicting a man celebrating](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Machu_Picchu%2C_Peru_-_Laslovarga_%28267%29.jpg/180px-Machu_Picchu%2C_Peru_-_Laslovarga_%28267%29.jpg)
Football has been the most popular sport in Peru since the early 20th century, with Peru having one of the largest fanbases in the Americas and possibly the world.[80] Originally largely exclusive to Lima's Anglophile elite and expatriates, and secluded from the rest of the city,[81] football became an integral part of wider popular culture during the 1900s and 1910s. Over the following decades, Augusto Leguía's government institutionalised the sport into a national pastime by promoting and organising its development.[82] Consequently, the national football team became an important element of Peru's national identity.[83] According to the historian Carlos Aguirre, nationalist fervor spiked during the qualification phase for the 1970 World Cup finals, because the revolutionary government of General Juan Velasco Alvarado tied the national team's success with the alleged cultural, social, and psychological changes spurred by the country's new political project.[84]
Peruvian football fans are known for their distinctive cheer ¡Arriba Perú! ("Onward Peru!"),[5] unabating popular chant ¡Vamos peruanos! (Let's go Peruvians!),[85] as well as for their use of traditional Peruvian música criolla to express support, both at national team games and at club matches. Música criolla attained national and international recognition with the advent of mass media during the 1930s, becoming a recognised symbol of Peru and its culture.[86] The national team's most popular anthems are Peru Campeón, a polca criolla (Peruvian polka) glorifying Peru's qualification for the Mexico 1970 World Cup,[86] and Contigo Perú, a vals criollo (Peruvian waltz) that newspaper El Comercio calls "the hymn of Peruvian national football teams".[87][G] In 2018, a FIFA-sanctioned worldwide online poll honoured the "fervent and dedicated group" of Peruvian supporters at that year's World Cup tournament with the FIFA Fan Award.[89]
The Estadio Nacional disaster of 24 May 1964, involving Peruvian supporters, is cited as one of the worst tragedies in football history.[90] During a qualifying match for the 1964 Olympics between Peru's under-20 team and its counterpart from Argentina, the Uruguayan referee Angel Payos disallowed a would-be Peruvian equaliser, alleging rough play. Spectators threw missiles from the stands while two fans invaded the pitch and attacked the referee. Police threw tear gas into the crowd, causing a stampede; trying to escape, fans were crushed against the stadium's locked gates. A total of 315 people died in the chaos, with more than 500 others injured.[91]
Rivalries
Chile
![Portrait of two men, dressed in sports attire, looking straight at the viewer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Raul_Toro_y_Lolo_Fernandez.jpg/170px-Raul_Toro_y_Lolo_Fernandez.jpg)
The Peru national football team maintains prominent rivalries with its counterparts from neighbouring Chile and Ecuador. The Peruvians have a favourable record against Ecuador and a negative record against Chile.[92][93] Peru faced both rivals in the 1939 South American Championship in Lima, which also marked the first time that Peru faced Ecuador in an official tournament; Peru won both games.[94] Peru also defeated its rivals during qualifying for the Argentina 1978 World Cup, directly eliminating both teams.[92][93]
The Chile–Peru football rivalry is known in Spanish as the Clásico del Pacífico ("Pacific Derby").[6] CNN World Sport editor Greg Duke ranks it among the top ten football rivalries in the world.[95] Peru first faced Chile in the 1935 South American Championship, defeating it 1–0.[93] The football rivalry between Peru and Chile, partly a reflection of the geopolitical conflict between both neighboring states, is primarily a result of both football squads vying for recognition as the better team in South America's Pacific coast—as their football confederation is historically dominated by countries in South America's Atlantic coast.[96] The two countries traditionally compete with each other over the rank of fourth-best national team in South America (after Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay).[97] They also both claim to have invented the bicycle kick; Peruvians call it the chalaca, while it is the chilena in Chile.[98]
Ecuador
The rivalry between the Ecuador and Peru football teams is rooted in the historical border conflict between the two nations dating back to the 19th century. In 1995, after the brief Cenepa War, CONMEBOL contemplated altering that year's Copa América group stage to prevent a match between the two sides, but ultimately did not.[99] According to cultural historian Michael Handelsman, Ecuadorian fans consider losses to Colombia or Peru "an excuse to lament Ecuador's inability to establish itself as an international soccer power".[100] Handelsman adds that "[t]he rivalries are intense, and the games always carry an element of national pride and honor".[100]
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Win Draw Loss Fixture
2023
7 September 2026 World Cup qualification | Paraguay ![]() | 0–0 | ![]() | Ciudad del Este, Paraguay |
18:30 UTC−4 | Report | Stadium: Estadio Antonio Aranda Attendance: 16,211 Referee: Andrés Matonte (Uruguay) |
12 September 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | 0–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
21:00 UTC−5 | Report |
|
Stadium: Estadio Nacional Attendance: 56,328 Referee: Fernando Rapallini (Argentina) |
12 October 2026 World Cup qualification | Chile ![]() | 2–0 | ![]() | Santiago, Chile |
21:00 UTC−3 | Report | Stadium: Estadio Monumental David Arellano Attendance: 36,847 Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia) |
17 October 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | 0–2 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
21:00 UTC−5 | Report |
|
Stadium: Estadio Nacional Attendance: 37,675 Referee: Jesús Valenzuela (Venezuela) |
16 November 2026 World Cup qualification | Bolivia ![]() | 2–0 | ![]() | La Paz, Bolivia |
16:00 UTC−4 | Report | Stadium: Estadio Hernando Siles Attendance: 28,000 Referee: Guillermo Guerrero (Ecuador) |
21 November 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | 1–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
21:00 UTC−5 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú Attendance: 27,323 Referee: Darío Herrera (Argentina) |
2024
22 March Friendly | Peru ![]() | 2–0 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
20:45 UTC+1 | Report | Stadium: Estadio Alejandro Villanueva Attendance: 33,900 Referee: Paulo Cezar Zanovelli (Brazil) |
26 March Friendly | Peru ![]() | 4–1 | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
20:00 UTC−4 | Report |
|
Stadium: Estadio Monumental Referee: Braulio Da Silva Machado (Brazil) |
14 June Friendly | El Salvador ![]() | 0–1 | ![]() | Philadelphia, United States |
20:30 UTC−4 | Report |
|
Stadium: Lincoln Financial Field |
21 June 2024 Copa América | Peru ![]() | 0–0 | ![]() | Arlington, United States |
19:00 UTC−5 | Stadium: AT&T Stadium Attendance: 43,030 Referee: Wilton Sampaio (Brazil) |
25 June 2024 Copa América | Peru ![]() | 0–1 | ![]() | Kansas City, United States |
17:00 UTC−5 |
|
Stadium: Children's Mercy Park Attendance: 15,625 Referee: Mario Escobar (Guatemala) |
29 June 2024 Copa América | Argentina ![]() | v | ![]() | Miami Gardens, United States |
20:00 UTC−4 | Stadium: Hard Rock Stadium Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Mexico) |
September 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | v | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
--:-- UTC−5 | Stadium: Estadio Nacional |
September 2026 World Cup qualification | Ecuador ![]() | v | ![]() | Ecuador |
--:-- UTC−5 |
October 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | v | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
--:-- UTC−5 | Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú |
October 2026 World Cup qualification | Brazil ![]() | v | ![]() | Brazil |
--:-- UTC−3 |
November 2026 World Cup qualification | Peru ![]() | v | ![]() | Lima, Peru |
--:-- UTC−5 | Stadium: Estadio Nacional del Perú |
November 2026 World Cup qualification | Argentina ![]() | v | ![]() | Argentina |
--:-- UTC−3 |
Managers
![Photo of a man with a moustache, wearing a sports outfit, in a thoughtful pose](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Valdir_Pereira_Peru_Coach_in_1970.png/170px-Valdir_Pereira_Peru_Coach_in_1970.png)
A total of 44 managers have led the Peru national football team since 1927 (including multiple spells separately); of these, 36 have been from Peru and 24 have been from abroad.[101] Sports analysts and historians generally consider Peru's most successful managers to have been the Englishman Jack Greenwell and the Peruvian Marcos Calderón. The former managed Peru to triumph in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 South American Championship, and the latter led Peru to victory in the 1975 Copa América tournament and coached it at the 1978 FIFA World Cup.[102][103] Three other managers have led Peru to tournament victories—Juan Carlos Oblitas, Freddy Ternero, and Sergio Markarián each oversaw Peru's victory in the Kirin Cup in Japan, in 1999, 2005 and 2011, respectively.[104]
Soon after forming Peru's national football team, the FPF invited Uruguayan coaches Pedro Olivieri and Julio Borelli to manage the squad. Olivieri received the FPF's first appointment, for the 1927 South American Championship, due to his prior experience managing Uruguay. Borelli became the national team's second manager, for the 1929 South American Championship, after some years of refereeing football matches in Peru.[105] The Spaniard Francisco Bru, Peru's third manager and first World Cup coach at the inaugural tournament in 1930, previously had been Spain's first manager.[102] The FPF next appointed the national team's first Peruvian coach, Telmo Carbajo, for the 1935 South American Championship.[101] Coach Ricardo Gareca was credited well, bringing Peru to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, finished second in the 2019 and placed third in 2015 and fourth in 2021 Copa América's, along with almost bringing Peru to their sixth World Cup in 2022 but was removed in 2022. The team's manager since December 2023 is Uruguay's Jorge Fossati.
Managers that brought outstanding changes to the Peru national team's style of play include the Hungarian György Orth and the Brazilians Didi and Tim. Orth coached Peru from 1957 to 1959; sports historian Andreas Campomar cites Peru's "4–1 thrashing of England in Lima" as evidence of Orth's positive influence over the national team's offensive game.[106] Víctor Benítez, Peru's defensive midfielder under Orth, attributes the Hungarian with maximizing the team's potential by accurately placing each player in their optimal positions.[107] Didi coached Peru from 1968 to 1970 and managed it at the 1970 FIFA World Cup; Campomar attributes Didi's tactics as the reason for Peru's development of a "free-flowing football" style.[106] Placar, a Brazilian sports journal, attributed Tim, who managed Peru at the 1982 FIFA World Cup, with making Peru "a team that plays beautiful, combining efficiency with that swagger that people thought only existed in Brazil".[108]
Players
Current squad
The following 26 players were called up to the squad for the 2024 Copa América.[109][110]
Caps and goals are correct as of 25 June 2024, after the match against Canada.
No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GK | Pedro Gallese | 23 February 1990 | 108 | 0 | ![]() |
12 | GK | Carlos Cáceda | 27 September 1991 | 8 | 0 | ![]() |
21 | GK | Diego Romero | 17 August 2001 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | DF | Luis Abram | 27 February 1996 | 42 | 1 | ![]() |
3 | DF | Aldo Corzo | 20 May 1989 | 51 | 0 | ![]() |
4 | DF | Anderson Santamaría | 10 January 1992 | 29 | 0 | ![]() |
5 | DF | Carlos Zambrano | 10 July 1989 | 74 | 4 | ![]() |
6 | DF | Marcos López | 20 November 1999 | 37 | 0 | ![]() |
15 | DF | Miguel Araujo | 24 October 1994 | 34 | 0 | ![]() |
17 | DF | Luis Advíncula | 2 March 1990 | 119 | 2 | ![]() |
19 | DF | Oliver Sonne | 10 November 2000 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
22 | DF | Alexander Callens | 4 May 1992 | 43 | 1 | ![]() |
8 | MF | Sergio Peña | 28 September 1995 | 40 | 4 | ![]() |
10 | MF | Christian Cueva | 23 November 1991 | 99 | 16 | Free Agent |
13 | MF | Jesús Castillo | 11 June 2001 | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
16 | MF | Wilder Cartagena | 23 September 1994 | 34 | 0 | ![]() |
23 | MF | Piero Quispe | 14 August 2001 | 8 | 1 | ![]() |
7 | FW | Andy Polo | 29 September 1994 | 47 | 1 | ![]() |
9 | FW | Paolo Guerrero (captain) | 1 January 1984 | 121 | 39 | ![]() |
11 | FW | Bryan Reyna | 23 August 1998 | 11 | 2 | ![]() |
14 | FW | Gianluca Lapadula | 7 February 1990 | 35 | 9 | ![]() |
18 | FW | André Carrillo | 14 June 1991 | 100 | 11 | ![]() |
20 | FW | Edison Flores | 15 May 1994 | 75 | 16 | ![]() |
24 | FW | José Rivera | 8 May 1997 | 3 | 0 | ![]() |
25 | FW | Joao Grimaldo | 20 February 2003 | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
26 | FW | Franco Zanelatto | 9 May 2000 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
Recent call-ups
The players listed below were not included in the current squad, but have been called up by Peru in the last twelve months.
Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Goals | Club | Latest call-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GK | Renato Solís | 27 January 1998 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
GK | Alejandro Duarte | 5 April 1994 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Paolo Reyna | 13 October 2001 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Gu-Rum Choi | 22 August 1998 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
DF | Matías Lazo | 11 July 2003 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
DF | Nelson Cabanillas | 8 February 2000 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
DF | Miguel Trauco | 25 August 1992 | 75 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Carlos Ascues | 19 June 1992 | 26 | 5 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Erick Noriega | 22 July 2001 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Rafael Lutiger | 3 July 2001 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Jhilmar Lora | 24 October 2000 | 8 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Leonardo Díaz | 19 March 2004 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Marco Huamán | 25 September 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Emilio Saba | 26 March 2001 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Arón Sánchez | 4 May 2003 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Nilson Loyola | 26 October 1994 | 9 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
DF | Alonso Yovera | 11 February 2001 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Renato Tapia | 28 July 1995 | 85 | 5 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Martín Távara | 25 March 1999 | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
MF | Catriel Cabellos | 18 August 2004 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
MF | Alfonso Barco | 7 December 2001 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
MF | Kenji Cabrera | 27 January 2003 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
MF | Pedro Aquino | 13 April 1995 | 36 | 3 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Yoshimar Yotún INJ | 7 April 1990 | 128 | 8 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Alexis Arias | 13 December 1995 | 5 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Walter Tandazo | 14 June 2000 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Gonzalo Aguirre | 6 May 2003 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Adrián Ascues | 15 November 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Kenji Cabrera | 27 January 2003 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Jefferson Cáceres | 22 August 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Sebastián Cavero | 20 June 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Christian Neira | 23 November 2000 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Christofer Gonzáles | 12 October 1992 | 47 | 3 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Jairo Concha | 27 May 1999 | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Jostin Alarcón | 12 July 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Aldair Fuentes | 25 January 1998 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
MF | Leonardo Villar | 18 March 2000 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Alex Valera | 16 May 1996 | 15 | 3 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Raúl Ruidíaz | 25 July 1990 | 55 | 4 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
FW | Luis Iberico | 8 February 1998 | 7 | 2 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
FW | Kevin Quevedo | 22 February 1997 | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
FW | Jhamir D'Arrigo | 15 November 1999 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
FW | Fabrizio Roca | 20 March 2002 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
2024 Copa América PRE |
FW | Santiago Ormeño | 4 February 1994 | 11 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Matías Succar | 16 February 1999 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Christopher Olivares | 3 April 1999 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
FW | Brandon Palacios | 25 March 1998 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
v. ![]() |
INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to injury/absent from the national team due to injury. |
Notable
![Photo of three men, wearing all-white uniforms marked by a red diagonal stripe in their jerseys, inside a stadium filled with spectators](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sotil_Cubillas_Challe_1973.png/170px-Sotil_Cubillas_Challe_1973.png)
A report published by CONMEBOL in 2008 described Peru as traditionally exhibiting an "elegant, technical and fine football style", and praised it as "one of the most loyal exponents of South American football talent".[111] In 2017, Argentine manager Ricardo Gareca described Peruvian footballers as "technically sound, [physically] strong and adaptable", adding that their adaptability resulted from Peru's diverse geography.[112]
Peruvian players noted in the CONMEBOL report as "true artists of the ball" include forwards Teófilo Cubillas, Pedro Pablo León and Hugo Sotil, defender Héctor Chumpitaz and midfielders Roberto Challe, César Cueto, José del Solar, and Roberto Palacios.[111] Cubillas, an attacking midfielder and forward popularly known as El Nene ("The Kid"), is widely regarded as Peru's greatest ever player.[113] Chumpitaz is often cited as the team's best defender; Witzig lists him among his "Best Players of the Modern Era", and praises him as "a strong reader of the game with excellent ball skills and distribution, [who] marshalled a capable defence to support Peru's attack".[114] El Gráfico, an Argentine sports journal, described Cueto, Cubillas, and José Velásquez as, collectively, "the best [midfield] in the world" in 1978.[115]
Before Cubillas' appearance, Teodoro "Lolo" Fernández, a forward nicknamed El Cañonero ("The Cannoneer"), held the status of Peru's greatest player—due to his powerful shots, marksmanship, and club loyalty to Universitario.[116] Fernández participated as a key member of the Rodillo Negro team of the 1930s, along with Alejandro Villanueva and Juan Valdivieso.[117] Fernández scored most of the team's goals; his partner in attack, the gifted playmaker Villanueva, awed audiences with his acrobatic skills. Goalkeeper Valdivieso had a reputation as a penalty stopper with exceptional athleticism.[118]
In 1972, teams representing Europe and South America played a commemorative match in Basel, Switzerland, for the benefit of homeless children. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, Sotil, and Julio Baylón played in the South American team, which won the game 2–0; Cubillas scored the first goal.[119] The teams held another match the following year, at Barcelona's Camp Nou, with the declared intent of fighting global poverty. Cubillas, Chumpitaz, and Sotil again participated, with Chumpitaz named South America's captain. Each of the Peruvians scored in a 4–4 draw, which South America won 7–6 on penalties.[120]
Team records
The Peru national football team has played 645 matches since 1927, including friendlies.[23] The largest margin of victory achieved by a Peru side was a 9–1 win against Ecuador on 11 August 1938, at the Bolivarian Games in Colombia. The team's record defeat was a 7–0 loss to Brazil at the 1997 Copa América in Bolivia.[23]
- As of 26 March 2024[121]
- Players in bold are still active with Peru.
Most appearances
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Yoshimar_Yot%C3%BAn_%282015%29.jpg/175px-Yoshimar_Yot%C3%BAn_%282015%29.jpg)
Rank | Player | Caps | Goals | Career |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Roberto Palacios | 128 | 19 | 1992–2012 |
Yoshimar Yotún | 128 | 8 | 2011–present | |
3 | Paolo Guerrero | 121 | 39 | 2004–present |
4 | Luis Advíncula | 119 | 2 | 2010–present |
5 | Pedro Gallese | 108 | 0 | 2014–present |
6 | Héctor Chumpitaz | 105 | 3 | 1965–1981 |
7 | Jefferson Farfán | 102 | 27 | 2003–2021 |
8 | Jorge Soto | 101 | 9 | 1992–2005 |
9 | André Carrillo | 100 | 11 | 2011–present |
10 | Christian Cueva | 99 | 16 | 2011–present |
The two Peruvian players with the most international caps is Roberto Palacios, and Yoshimar Yotún who both made 128 appearances for the side from 1992 to 2007 and 2011 to present. The player with the third-most caps is Paolo Guerrero with 121. The Peruvian goalkeeper with the most appearances is Pedro Gallese with 108. The goalkeeper with the second-most caps is Óscar Ibáñez with 50; Miguel Miranda is third with 47.[8]
Top goalscorers
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Campeonato_Carioca_-_Flamengo_-_Guerrero_%28cropped%29.jpg/175px-Campeonato_Carioca_-_Flamengo_-_Guerrero_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Rank | Player | Goals | Caps | Ratio | Career |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Paolo Guerrero (list) | 39 | 121 | 0.33 | 2004–present |
2 | Teófilo Cubillas | 28 | 81 | 0.32 | 1968–1982 |
3 | Jefferson Farfán | 27 | 102 | 0.26 | 2003–2021 |
4 | Teodoro Fernández | 24 | 32 | 0.75 | 1935–1947 |
5 | Claudio Pizarro | 20 | 85 | 0.24 | 1999–2016 |
Nolberto Solano | 20 | 95 | 0.21 | 1994–2008 | |
7 | Roberto Palacios | 19 | 128 | 0.15 | 1992–2012 |
8 | Hugo Sotil | 18 | 62 | 0.29 | 1970–1978 |
9 | Oswaldo Ramírez | 17 | 57 | 0.3 | 1969–1982 |
10 | Franco Navarro | 16 | 56 | 0.29 | 1980–1989 |
Christian Cueva | 16 | 99 | 0.16 | 2011–present |
The team's all-time top goalscorer is Paolo Guerrero, with 39 goals in 120 appearances. He is followed by Jefferson Farfán, with 27 goals in 102 appearances, and Teófilo Cubillas, who scored 28 goals in 81 appearances.[8] Of the top ten scorers for Peru, Teodoro Fernández, with 24 goals in 32 games, holds the best goal-per-appearance ratio (0.75 goals/match).[8] Claudio Pizarro scored Peru's fastest ever goal, coming less than a minute into a match against Mexico on 20 August 2003.[122]
Peru's current captain is forward Paolo Guerrero.[123] Midfielder Leopoldo Basurto was the team's first captain.[124] Defender Héctor Chumpitaz held the Peruvian team's leadership position for the longest time, between 1965 and 1981.[125] Forward Claudio Pizarro had the second-longest tenure as captain, from 2003 to 2016.[124] In 2022, streaming service Netflix launched "Contigo capitán", a series about Paolo Guerrero's doping ban that almost impeded his participation in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[126] Other notable captains include Rubén Díaz (1981–1985), Julio César Uribe (1987–1989), Juan Reynoso (1993–1999), and Nolberto Solano (2000–2003).[125]
Competitive records
FIFA World Cup
![An action shot from a football match. A goalkeeper jumps and catches the ball.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rumania_v_Per%C3%BA%2C_Los_Sports%2C_1930-07-25_%28385%29_02.jpg/220px-Rumania_v_Per%C3%BA%2C_Los_Sports%2C_1930-07-25_%28385%29_02.jpg)
Peru has taken part in the World Cup finals five times. The Peruvian team competed at the first World Cup in 1930 by invitation, and has entered each tournament at the qualifying stage since 1958, qualifying for the finals four times: in 1970, 1978, 1982 and 2018. Its all-time record in World Cup qualifying matches, as of 2017, stands at 43 wins, 37 draws and 69 losses. In the finals, the team has won five matches, drawn three and lost ten, with 21 goals in favour and 33 against.[23] Peru won the inaugural FIFA Fair Play Trophy, awarded at the 1970 World Cup, having been the only team not to receive any yellow or red cards during the competition.[34] Peru has the peculiar distinction of always facing the tournament's eventual winners during the finals phase.[127]
Luis de Souza Ferreira scored Peru's first World Cup goal on 14 July 1930, in a match against Romania.[128] José Velásquez scored Peru's fastest World Cup finals goal—that is, that scored soonest after kick-off—two minutes into the match against Iran on 11 June 1978.[129] Jefferson Farfán is Peru's top scorer and fifth-overall top scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualification, with 16 goals.[130] Teófilo Cubillas is the team's top scorer in the World Cup finals, with 10 goals in 13 games.[131] During the 1930 competition, a Peruvian became the first player sent off in a World Cup—his identity is disputed between sources as either defender Plácido Galindo or midfielder Mario de las Casas.[H] Peru's Ramón Quiroga holds the unusual record of being the only goalkeeper to commit a foul in the opponent's side of the pitch in a match at the World Cup finals.[134]
FIFA World Cup | Qualification | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Host | Round | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | Squad | Pos. | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | |
1930 | ![]() |
Group stage | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | Squad | Qualified as invitees | |||||||
1934 | ![]() |
Withdrew | Withdrew | ||||||||||||||
1938 | ![]() |
Did not enter | Did not enter | ||||||||||||||
1950 to 1954 | Withdrew | Withdrew | |||||||||||||||
1958 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | 2nd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
1962 | ![]() |
2nd | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
1966 | ![]() |
2nd | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | |||||||||
1970 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 9 | Squad | 1st | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | |
1974 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-off | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||
1978 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 12 | Squad | 2nd | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 3 | |
1982 | ![]() |
Group stage | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | Squad | 1st | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | |
1986 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-offs | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 9 | ||||||||
1990 | ![]() |
3rd | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | |||||||||
1994 | ![]() |
4th | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||
1998 | ![]() |
5th | 16 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 19 | 20 | |||||||||
2002 | ![]() ![]() |
8th | 18 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 25 | |||||||||
2006 | ![]() |
9th | 18 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 20 | 28 | |||||||||
2010 | ![]() |
10th | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 11 | 34 | |||||||||
2014 | ![]() |
7th | 16 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 17 | 26 | |||||||||
2018 | ![]() |
Group stage | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Squad | Play-off | 20 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 29 | 26 | |
2022 | ![]() |
Did not qualify | Play-off | 19 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 19 | 22 | ||||||||
2026 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
To be determined | In progress | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||
2030 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
To be determined | |||||||||||||||
2034 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||
Total | Quarter-finals | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 21 | 33 | — | 5/22 | 174 | 50 | 43 | 81 | 184 | 241 |
Copa América
![An action shot from a football match. A player scores from a bicycle kick.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Peru_Chile_Copa_America_1975_Oblitas_Chalaca_Version2.png/220px-Peru_Chile_Copa_America_1975_Oblitas_Chalaca_Version2.png)
Peru's national team has taken part in 33 editions of the Copa América since 1927, and has won the competition twice (in 1939 and 1975). The country has hosted the tournament six times (in 1927, 1935, 1939, 1953, 1957 and 2004). Peru's overall record in the competition is 52 victories, 33 draws, and 57 losses.[23] Peru won the Fair Play award in the 2015 edition.[135]
Demetrio Neyra scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 13 November 1927, in a match against Bolivia.[59] Christian Cueva scored Peru's fastest Copa América goal, two minutes into the match against Brazil on 14 June 2015.[136] Four tournaments have featured a Peruvian top scorer—Teodoro Fernández in 1939 and Paolo Guerrero in 2011, 2015, and 2019.[137][138] Fernández, the Copa América's third-overall scorer, was named best player of the 1939 tournament; Teófilo Cubillas, voted the best player in the 1975 competition, is the only other Peruvian to win this award.[139]
Peru earned its first continental title in 1939, when it won the South American Championship with successive victories over Ecuador, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. This marked the first time that the competition had been won by a team other than Uruguay, Brazil, or Argentina.[140] Peru became South American champions for the second time in 1975, when it won that year's Copa América, the first to feature all ten CONMEBOL members.[141] Peru came top of their group in the first round, eliminating Chile and Bolivia, and in the semi-finals drew with Brazil over two legs, winning 3–1 in Brazil but losing 2–0 at home. Peru was declared the winner by drawing of lots. In the two-legged final between Colombia and Peru, both teams won their respective home games (1–0 in Bogota and 2–0 in Lima), forcing a play-off in Caracas that Peru won 1–0.[142]
South American Championship (1916–1967) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Host | Position | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Squad |
1916 to 1926 | Did not enter | ||||||||
1927 | ![]() |
Third place | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 11 | Squad |
1929 | ![]() |
Fourth place | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 12 | Squad |
1935 | ![]() |
Third place | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | Squad |
1937 | ![]() |
Sixth place | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | Squad |
1939 | ![]() |
Champions | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | Squad |
1941 | ![]() |
Fourth place | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 | Squad |
1942 | ![]() |
Fifth place | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | Squad |
1945 to 1946 | Withdrew | ||||||||
1947 | ![]() |
Fifth place | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 9 | Squad |
1949 | ![]() |
Third place | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 13 | Squad |
1953 | ![]() |
Fifth place | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | Squad |
1955 | ![]() |
Third place | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 11 | Squad |
1956 | ![]() |
Sixth place | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 | Squad |
1959 (first) | ![]() |
Fourth place | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 11 | Squad |
1959 (second) | ![]() |
Did not enter | |||||||
1963 | ![]() |
Fifth place | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 11 | Squad |
1967 | ![]() |
Withdrew | |||||||
Copa América (1975–present) | |||||||||
Year | Host | Round | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Squad |
1975 | No fixed host | Champions | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 7 | Squad |
1979 | No fixed host | Third place | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Squad |
1983 | No fixed host | Third place | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | Squad |
1987 | ![]() |
Group stage | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | Squad |
1989 | ![]() |
Group stage | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 7 | Squad |
1991 | ![]() |
Group stage | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 9 | Squad |
1993 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | Squad |
1995 | ![]() |
Group stage | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Squad |
1997 | ![]() |
Fourth place | 6 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Squad |
1999 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 6 | Squad |
2001 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | Squad |
2004 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 6 | Squad |
2007 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | Squad |
2011 | ![]() |
Third place | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 5 | Squad |
2015 | ![]() |
Third place | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 5 | Squad |
2016 | ![]() |
Quarter-finals | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | Squad |
2019 | ![]() |
Runners-up | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 11 | Squad |
2021 | ![]() |
Fourth place | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 14 | Squad |
2024 | ![]() |
To be determined | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Squad |
Total | 2 titles | 34/47 | 139 | 56 | 38 | 60 | 203 | 225 | — |
CONCACAF Gold Cup
Peru competed in the CONCACAF Gold Cup's fifth edition in 2000. Peru participated, along with Colombia and South Korea, as that year's invitees. The Peruvian team's overall record in the tournament is 1 victory, 1 draw, and 2 losses.[23]
Ysrael Zúñiga scored Peru's first goal in the competition on 14 February 2000, in a match against Haiti. Roberto Palacios, the team's top scorer with two goals in four matches, received a spot in that year's "team of the tournament", comprising the competition's eleven best players.[143]
Peru progressed past the North American tournament's first stage, despite not winning any of its matches, as the second-best ranked team in Group B behind the United States.[143] Peru next defeated Honduras 5–3 in a heated quarter-finals match that ended a minute early due to a pitch invasion by irate Honduran fans.[144] Colombia defeated Peru 2–1 in the semi-finals, in a match that included an own goal from Peru's Marcial Salazar.[143]
Olympic Games
Peru's senior side has competed in the Olympic football tournament once, at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. The multiracial 1936 team has been latterly described by historian David Goldblatt as "the jewel of the country's first Olympic delegation".[145] It had a record of two victories, scoring 11 goals and conceding 5.[23]
Teodoro Fernández scored Peru's first goal in the tournament in the match against Finland on 6 August, and finished as the team's top scorer with six goals in two games, including Peru's only hat-trick at the Olympics.[146]
The 1935 South American Championship in Lima acted as the qualifying stage for the 1936 Olympic tournament. Uruguay won undefeated and Argentina came second, but neither took up their Olympic spot because of economic issues. Peru, who had come third, duly represented South America.[7][147] The Peruvian team began the competition with a 7–3 win over Finland,[146] after which it faced Austria, managed by Jimmy Hogan and popularly known as the Wunderteam, in the quarter-finals.[I] After the game ended 2–2, Peru scored twice in extra time to win 4–2.[151] Peru expected to then face Poland in the semi-finals, but events off the pitch led to the withdrawal of Peru's Olympic delegation before the match.[J]
See also
- Peru national football team indiscipline scandals
- Peru women's national football team
- Peru Olympic football team
- Peru national under-20 football team
- Peru national under-17 football team
- Peru national beach soccer team
- Peru national futsal team
- Peruvian Primera División
- Sport in Peru
Bibliography
- Agostino, Gilberto (2002). Vencer Ou Morrer: Futebol, Geopolítica e Identidade Nacional (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ & MAUAD Editora Ltda. ISBN 85-7478-068-5.
- Aguirre, Carlos (2013). "<<Perú Campeón>>: Fiebre Futbolística y Nacionalismo en 1970". In Aguirre, Carlos; Panfichi, Aldo (eds.). Lima, Siglo XX: Cultura, Socialización y Cambio. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. ISBN 978-612-4146-58-9.
- Basadre, Jorge (1964). Historia de la República del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Lima: Talleres Graficos P.L. Villanueva S.A.
- Bravo, Gonzalo (2012). "Association Football, Pacific Coast of South America". In Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (eds.). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-301-9.
- Campomar, Andreas (2014). Golazo! The Beautiful Game from the Aztecs to the World Cup. New York City: Riverhead Books. ISBN 978-0-698-15253-3.
- Dunmore, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
- Fiore, Fernando (2012). ¡Vamos al Mundial! (in Spanish). New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-222664-8.
- Foley Gambetta, Enrique (1983). Léxico del Peru (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Lima: Talleres Jahnos.
- Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball is Round. New York: Riverhead Trade. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
- Handelsman, Michael (2000). Culture and Customs of Ecuador. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30244-8.
- Henshaw, Richard (1979). The Encyclopedia of World Soccer. Washington, D.C.: New Republic Books. ISBN 0-915220-34-2.
- Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A Cultural and Literary History. Oxford: Signal Books Limited. ISBN 1-902669-98-3.
- Jacobsen, Nils (2008). "Peru". In Herb, Guntram; Kaplan, David (eds.). Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-85109-907-8.
- Leigh Raffo, Denise (2005). "El miedo a la multitud. Dos provincianos en el Estadio Nacional, 1950–1970". In Rosas Lauro, Claudia (ed.). El Miedo en el Perú: Siglos XVI al XX (in Spanish). Lima: PUCP Fondo Editorial. ISBN 9972-42-690-4.
- Llopis, Ramón (2009). Fútbol Postnacional: Transformaciones Sociales y Culturales del "Deporte Global" en Europa y América Latina (in Spanish). Barcelona: Anthropos Editorial. ISBN 978-84-7658-937-3.
- Mandell, Richard (1987). The Nazi Olympics. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01325-5.
- Miró, César (1958). Los Intimos de La Victoria (in Spanish). Lima: Editorial El Deporte.
- Murray, William (1994). Football: A History of the World Game. Aldershot: Scolar Press. ISBN 1-85928-091-9.
- Panfichi, Aldo; Vich, Victor (2005). "Political and Social Fantasies in Peruvian Football: The Tragedy of Alianza Lima in 1987". In Darby, Paul; Johnes, Martin; Mellor, Gavin (eds.). Soccer and Disaster: International Perspectives. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5352-7.
- Radnedge, Keir (2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Soccer. New York: Universe Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7893-0670-8.
- Snyder, John (2001). Soccer's Most Wanted. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57488-365-7.
- Stein, Steve (2011). "The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima". In Stavans, Ilan (ed.). Fútbol. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. ISBN 978-0-313-37515-6.
- Thorndike, Guillermo (1978). El Revés de Morir (in Spanish). Lima: Mosca Azul Editores.
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Notes and references
Notes
- ^ The acronym FPF comes from the organisation's Spanish name, Federación Peruana de Fútbol.
- ^ The Lima Cricket and Football Club might be the oldest club in the Americas that today plays association football.[10]
- ^ During these games in Callao, the Peruvians possibly invented the bicycle kick, which is known in Peru as the chalaca (meaning "from Callao").[16]
- ^ The European press also named them the "Peru-Chile XI", the "South American Team", and the "All-Pacific". Most players were from Peru's Universitario de Deportes, with reinforcements from Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, and Chile's Colo-Colo.[19]
- ^ In 2008, FIFA suspended the Peru national team and football league—citing political interference—after Peru's government impeded the re-election of FPF president Burga, charging him with not complying FPF statutes according to Peruvian law. In December 2008, FIFA lifted sanctions after the Peruvian Institute of Sport (IPD) agreed to negotiate with the FPF.[44]
- ^ In 2017, Burga faced charges of racketeering, wire fraud, and money laundering as part of the 2015 FIFA corruption case in the United States.[47] Although acquitted, the FIFA Ethics Committee ruled, in 2019, Burga guilty of receiving bribes for Copa Libertadores and Copa America tournaments, thereupon banning him for life on taking part in any football-related activity worldwide.[48]
- ^ Peru's unsuccessful World Cup finals qualification attempts, from Mexico 1986 until Russia 2018, cemented the fans' nostalgia for the 1970s' golden era and increased the popularity of Peru Campeón.[88]
- ^ FIFA lists the player as Galindo,[132] but forward Souza Ferreira and other sources list De las Casas.[133]
- ^ Although an amateur side in 1936 with no players from their 1934 World Cup team,[148] Austria's 1936 Olympic side is also considered part of the Wunderteam by sports historians and FIFA. This favours the idea that the Wunderteam was primarily a strategic creation of coaches Jimmy Hogan and Hugo Meisl.[149][150]
- ^ Austria disputed the 4–2 result, asserting that Peruvian fans had invaded the pitch.[152] While some spectators did encroach on the field of play, the authorities never confirmed their nationality. Moreover, the Peruvians had no responsibility over crowd control in the German stadium.[153] A FIFA committee headed by Jules Rimet ordered a replay behind closed doors, prompting Peru's President Óscar R. Benavides to withdraw his entire Olympic delegation in protest.[152]
References
- ^ @VarskySports (13 December 2023). "Jorge Fossati 🇺🇾 es el nuevo DT de la Selección de Perú 🇵🇪" (Tweet) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "The FIFA/Coca-Cola Men's World Ranking". FIFA. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ Elo rankings change compared to one year ago. "World Football Elo Ratings". eloratings.net. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ a b c "La Blanquiroja" (in Spanish). ArkivPeru. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Foley Gambetta 1983, p. 12.
- ^ a b "A derby and a debut in South America". FIFA. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Witzig 2006, p. 349.
- ^ a b c d José Luis Pierrend (31 August 2017). "Peru – Record International Players". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- ^ a b Gerardo Tomas Álvarez Escalona. "La difusión del fútbol en Lima" (in Spanish). National University of San Marcos. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "¿Sabías que Perú tiene el club de fútbol más antiguo de América?". Perú.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Higgins 2005, p. 130.
- ^ Eli Schmerler and Carlos Manuel Nieto Tarazona (14 March 2013). "Peru – Foundation Dates of Clubs". RSSSF. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Juan Luis Orrego Penagos (18 October 2008). "La historia del fútbol en el Perú" (in Spanish). Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Jacobsen 2008, p. 378.
- ^ a b c Henshaw 1979, p. 571.
- ^ DK Publishing 2011, p. 100.
- ^ See:
- Goldblatt 2008, pp. 135–136,
- Stein 2011, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Goldblatt 2008, p. 135.
- ^ a b c d Campomar 2014, p. 153.
- ^ Murray 1994, p. 127.
- ^ "Historia" (in Spanish). FPF. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Jaime Pulgar-Vidal Otálora (23 October 2007). "La Selección Peruana de 1924" (in Spanish). Jaime Pulgar-Vidal. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g José Luis Pierrend (6 March 2012). "Peru International Results". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Basadre 1964, pp. 4672–4673.
- ^ Basadre 1964, pp. 4671–4673.
- ^ Carpio, Iván (26 January 2012). "Rayas históricas" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ See:
- Basadre 1964, pp. 4671–4673,
- Miró 1958, p. 66.
- ^ Thorndike 1978, p. 158.
- ^ Iglesias, Waldemar (31 July 2012). "Cuando Perú Humilló a Hitler". Clarín (in Spanish). Grupo Clarín. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ a b Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ a b Henshaw 1979, p. 572.
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- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 323–325.
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- ^ "The FIFA Fan Award". FIFA.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- ^ See:
- Snyder 2001, p. 78,
- Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ See:
- Snyder 2001, p. 79,
- Goldblatt 2008, p. 642.
- ^ a b "Ecuador-Peru, 1938–2011". RSSSF. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ a b c "Chile – Peru matches, 1935–2011". RSSSF. 6 March 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 652.
- ^ Duke, Greg (6 November 2008). "Top 10 international rivalries". CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
- ^ Pahuacho Portella, Alonso Roberto (2017). La representación de la rivalidad futbolística Perú/Chile en la prensa escrita peruana: Análisis de los diarios El Comercio, La Prensa y La Crónica (1935-1947) (Licentiate) (in Spanish). Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 126.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 22.
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- ^ a b Handelsman 2000, p. 49.
- ^ a b "Selección peruana: Estos han sido sus entrenadores a lo largo de la historia". Perú21 (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
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- ^ a b Campomar 2014, p. 304.
- ^ Mario Fernández Guevara (17 December 2013). "Víctor Benítez: "¿Pizarro jugó? Yo sí jugué los 90 minutos y fui campeón de Europa"". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
- ^ Cabral, Sérgio (1981). "A Bringo O Jogo". Placar (592). Editora Abril: 30.
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- ^ a b "Peruvian Football Federation". CONMEBOL. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Gareca: I want Peru to boss matches at the World Cup". FIFA.com. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ See:
- Witzig 2006, p. 156,
- Henshaw 1979, p. 160,
- Dunmore 2011, p. 63.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 149.
- ^ Panfichi & Vich 2005, p. 161.
- ^ "The first king of La U and Peru". FIFA.com. 17 September 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 131, 350, 486.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 350.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 143.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 144–145.
- ^ Pierrend, José Luis. "Peru - Record International Players". RSSSF.
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- ^ a b "Fiestas Patrias: ¿Recuerdas a los últimos capitanes de la Selección Peruana? Algunos te sorprenderán". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ a b Dt, Redacción (4 October 2017). "Selección: Paolo Guerrero y los delanteros de Perú". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
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- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 789.
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- ^ "Jefferson Farfán es uno de los goleadores históricos de las Eliminatorias". RPP Noticias (in Spanish). Grupo RPP. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 156.
- ^ "101 Facts" (PDF). FIFA Magazine. June–July 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Canelo, Pedro (11 May 2010). "El primer expulsado en la historia de los mundiales fue peruano". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ^ Witzig 2006, p. 341.
- ^ "Perú obtuvo el premio Fair Play de la Copa América 2015". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Selección Peruana: Christian Cueva anotó el gol más rápido de la bicolor en 40 años". Depor.com (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ^ Roberto Mamrud and Karel Stokkermans (6 July 2016). "Copa América 1916–2016". RSSSF. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
- ^ "Paolo Guerrero y Everton fueron los máximos goleadores de la Copa América 2019". El Comercio (in Spanish). Empresa Editora El Comercio. 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ^ Tabeira, Martín (19 July 2007). "The Copa América Archive – Trivia". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 648, 652.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, p. 648.
- ^ Henshaw 1979, pp. 656–657.
- ^ a b c Courtney, Barrie (19 November 2005). "CONCACAF Championship, Gold Cup 2000 - Full Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ "CONPLUS: SOCCER -- GOLD CUP; Peru Given Victory After Riot in Miami". The New York Times. Associated Press. 20 February 2000. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Goldblatt 2008, p. 641.
- ^ a b Witzig 2006, p. 351.
- ^ Tabeira, Martín (23 November 2007). "Southamerican Championship 1935". RSSSF. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
- ^ Castro, Roberto; Tirado, Alfredo (3 August 2010). "Perú en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1936: Berlín sin muros" (in Spanish). DeChalaca. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ See:
- Agostino 2002, p. 80,
- Witzig 2006, p. 351.
- ^ "Classic Coach: Hugo Meisl – The banker's son who masterminded a Wunderteam". FIFA. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
- ^ Murray 1994, p. 66.
- ^ a b Mandell 1987, p. 194.
- ^ Witzig 2006, pp. 352, 358.
External links
- Official website
(in Spanish)
- Peru profile on FIFA.com
- ELO team records
Awards and achievements | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by Inaugural Champions
|
Bolivarian Champions 1938 (First title) |
Succeeded by U-20 Peru
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Preceded by | South American Champions 1939 (First title) |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by | South American Champions 1975 (Second title) |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by 1998 Japan
![]() |
Kirin Cup Champions 1999 (First title, shared) |
Succeeded by 2000 Slovakia
![]() |
Preceded by 2004 Japan
![]() |
Kirin Cup Champions 2005 (Second title, shared) |
Succeeded by 2006 Scotland
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Preceded by 2009 Japan
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Kirin Cup Champions 2011 (Third title, shared) |
Succeeded by |