Cannabis Ruderalis

Content deleted Content added
m Journal cites, using AWB (11758)
Inamo11 (talk | contribs)
Typo
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
{{Drugbox
| IUPAC_name = methyl (S)-2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
| IUPAC_name = Methyl (2''S'')-2-{[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
| image = MDMB-FUBINACA.png
| image = MDMB-FUBINACA.svg


<!--Clinical data-->
<!--Clinical data-->
Line 9: Line 10:
| pregnancy_category =
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU =
| legal_AU =
| legal_CA =
| legal_CA = Schedule II
| legal_UK =
| legal_DE = NpSG
| legal_UK = Class B
| legal_US =
| legal_US = Schedule I
| legal_status =
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration =
| routes_of_administration =
Line 24: Line 26:
<!--Identifiers-->
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref =
| CAS_number_Ref =
| CAS_number = 1715016-77-5
| CAS_number = 1971007-93-8
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| ATC_suffix =
| PubChem =
| PubChem = 119025665
| ChemSpiderID =
| ChemSpiderID = 32741674
| UNII = 544DR70TN4
| smiles = O=C(N[C@H](C(OC)=O)C(C)(C)C)C1=NN(CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C3=C1C=CC=C3
| smiles = O=C(N[C@H](C(OC)=O)C(C)(C)C)C1=NN(CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C3=C1C=CC=C3
| InChI =
| InChIKey =
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H24FN3O3/c1-22(2,3)19(21(28)29-4)24-20(27)18-16-7-5-6-8-17(16)26(25-18)13-14-9-11-15(23)12-10-14/h5-12,19H,13H2,1-4H3,(H,24,27)/t19-/m1/s1
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H24FN3O3/c1-22(2,3)19(21(28)29-4)24-20(27)18-16-7-5-6-8-17(16)26(25-18)13-14-9-11-15(23)12-10-14/h5-12,19H,13H2,1-4H3,(H,24,27)/t19-/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey = RFCDVEHNYDVCMU-LJQANCHMSA-N
| StdInChIKey = RFCDVEHNYDVCMU-LJQANCHMSA-N
Line 37: Line 38:
<!--Chemical data-->
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=22 | H=24 | F=1 | N=3 | O=3
| C=22 | H=24 | F=1 | N=3 | O=3
| molecular_weight = 397.4 g/mol
}}
}}


'''MDMB-FUBINACA''' (also known as ''' MDMB(N)-Bz-F''' and '''FUB-MDMB''') is an [[indazole]]-based [[synthetic cannabinoid]] that is presumed to be a potent [[agonist]] of the [[CB1 receptor|CB<sub>1</sub> receptor]] and has been sold online as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/app/template/Product.vm/catalog/16966 | title=MDMB-FUBINACA | publisher=Cayman Chemical | accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> Although there is no pharmacological information about MDMB-FUBINACA itself, its benzyl analogue (instead of 4-fluorobenzyl) has been reported to be a potent [[agonist]] for the [[CB1 receptor|CB<sub>1</sub> receptor]] (Ki = 0.14 nM, EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.42nM).<ref>[http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009106982 Buchler IP et al, INDAZOLE DERIVATIVES. WO 2009/106982]</ref>
'''MDMB-FUBINACA''' (also known as ''' MDMB(N)-Bz-F''' and '''FUB-MDMB''') is an [[indazole]]-based [[synthetic cannabinoid]] that is a potent [[agonist]] for the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s, with [[enzyme inhibitor|''K''<sub>i</sub>]] values of 1.14&nbsp;nM at [[cannabinoid receptor type 1|CB<sub>1</sub>]] and 0.1228&nbsp;nM at [[cannabinoid receptor type 2|CB<sub>2</sub>]] and [[EC50|EC<sub>50</sub>]] values of 0.2668&nbsp;nM at CB<sub>1</sub> and 0.1411&nbsp;nM at CB<sub>2</sub>,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gamage TF, Farquhar CE, Lefever TW, Marusich JA, Kevin RC, McGregor IS, Wiley JL, Thomas BF | display-authors = 6 | title = Molecular and Behavioral Pharmacological Characterization of Abused Synthetic Cannabinoids MMB- and MDMB-FUBINACA, MN-18, NNEI, CUMYL-PICA, and 5-Fluoro-CUMYL-PICA | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 365 | issue = 2 | pages = 437–446 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29549157 | pmc = 5932312 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.117.246983 | url = http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2018/03/16/jpet.117.246983 }}</ref> and has been sold online as a [[designer drug]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.caymanchem.com/Product.vm/catalog/16966 | title=MDMB-FUBINACA | publisher=Cayman Chemical | access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Lee JH, Park HN, Leem TS, Jeon JH, Cho S, Lee J, Baek SY |title=Identification of new synthetic cannabinoid analogue APINAC (adamantan-1-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate) with other synthetic cannabinoid MDMB(N)-Bz-F in illegal products|journal=Forensic Toxicology|volume=35|pages=45–55|date=2016|issn=1860-8973|doi=10.1007/s11419-016-0331-z |s2cid=20136837}}</ref> Its benzyl analogue (instead of 4-fluorobenzyl) has been reported to be a potent [[agonist]] for the [[Cannabinoid receptor type 1|CB<sub>1</sub> receptor]] (''K''<sub>i</sub> = 0.14&nbsp;nM, EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.42&nbsp;nM).<ref>{{cite patent | country = WO | number = 2009106982 | inventor = Buchler IP et al | title = Indazole Derivatives }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Banister SD, Longworth M, Kevin R, Sachdev S, Santiago M, Stuart J, Mack JB, Glass M, McGregor IS, Connor M, Kassiou M | display-authors = 6 | title = Pharmacology of Valinate and tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoids 5F-AMBICA, 5F-AMB, 5F-ADB, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, and Their Analogues | journal = ACS Chemical Neuroscience | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 1241–54 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27421060 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00137 }}</ref> The structure of MDMB-FUBINACA contains the amino acid, 3-methylvaline<ref>[http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.270637.html 3-methylvaline]</ref> or tert-[[leucine]] methyl ester.


== Side effects ==
== Side effects ==
There have been a large number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid, mainly in Russia and Belarus. MDMB-FUBINACA was first reported in 2014 and quickly gained a reputation as the most deadly synthetic cannabinoid drug sold to date.<ref name="Shevyrin_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shevyrin V, Melkozerov V, Nevero A, Eltsov O, Shafran Y, Morzherin Y, Lebedev AT | title = Identification and analytical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoids with an indazole-3-carboxamide structure bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonylalkyl group | journal = Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | date = Apr 2015 | pmid = 25893797 | doi = 10.1007/s00216-015-8612-7 | url = http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00216-015-8612-7 | volume=407 | pages=6301–15}}</ref> Up to 700 hospitalisations and 25 deaths were initially linked to MDMB-FUBINACA in media and government reports, and subsequent testing confirmed that at least 1000 hospitalisations and 40 deaths had occurred as a consequence of intoxication by MDMB-FUBINACA as of March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rt.com/news/193700-russia-spice-deadly-drug/ | title=25 killed, over 700 hospitalized: Cheap ‘Spice’ designer drug causes severe poisoning across Russia | date=7 October 2014 | accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/speeches_fskn/2014/1006/124332682/detail.shtml | title=Выступление председателя ГАК, директора ФСКН России В.П. Иванова на заседании ГАК 6 октября 2014 г. | publisher=Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation | date=6 October 2014 | accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.narkotiki.ru/objects/narkotiki02/1414709242.ppt | title=Clinical presentations of intoxication by new psychoactive compound MDMB(N)-Bz-F. Thesis of The II Scientific and Practical Seminar ‘Methodical, Organizational and Law Problems of Chemical and Toxicological Laboratories of Narcological Services’, Moscow | date=21 October 2014 | accessdate=13 July 2015 | author=I. Bulygina}}</ref>
There have been a large number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid, mainly in Russia and Belarus. MDMB-FUBINACA was first reported in 2014 and quickly gained a reputation as the most deadly synthetic cannabinoid drug sold by 2015.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shevyrin V, Melkozerov V, Nevero A, Eltsov O, Shafran Y, Morzherin Y, Lebedev AT | s2cid = 31838655 | title = Identification and analytical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoids with an indazole-3-carboxamide structure bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonylalkyl group | journal = Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | volume = 407 | issue = 21 | pages = 6301–15 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25893797 | doi = 10.1007/s00216-015-8612-7 }}</ref> Up to 700 hospitalisations and 25 deaths were initially linked to MDMB-FUBINACA in media and government reports, and subsequent testing confirmed that at least 1000 hospitalisations and 40 deaths had occurred as a consequence of intoxication by MDMB-FUBINACA as of March 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/speeches_fskn/2014/1006/124332682/detail.shtml | title=Выступление председателя ГАК, директора ФСКН России В.П. Иванова на заседании ГАК 6 октября 2014 г. | publisher=Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation | date=6 October 2014 | access-date=24 June 2015 | language=ru | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709115330/http://fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/speeches_fskn/2014/1006/124332682/detail.shtml | archive-date=9 July 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.narkotiki.ru/objects/narkotiki02/1414709242.ppt | title=Clinical presentations of intoxication by new psychoactive compound MDMB(N)-Bz-F. Thesis of The II Scientific and Practical Seminar 'Methodical, Organizational and Law Problems of Chemical and Toxicological Laboratories of Narcological Services', Moscow | date=21 October 2014 | access-date=13 July 2015 | author=I. Bulygina | language=ru}}</ref>


==Legal Status==
==Legal status==


In the United States, MDMB-FUBINACA is a [[Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_controlled_substances|Schedule I controlled substance]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2016/fr1221.htm | title = Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) Into Schedule I | publisher = [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]}}</ref>
As of October 2015 MDMB-FUBINACA is a controlled substance in Belarus, Russia,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/news/2015/0317/205035975/detail.shtml | title=Очередная жертва спайса | publisher=Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation | date=17 March 2015 | accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> and China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref>


As of October 2015, MDMB-FUBINACA is a controlled substance in Belarus, Russia,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/news/2015/0317/205035975/detail.shtml | title=Очередная жертва спайса | publisher=Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation | date=17 March 2015 | access-date=13 July 2015 | language=ru | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714044651/http://www.fskn.gov.ru/includes/periodics/news/2015/0317/205035975/detail.shtml | archive-date=14 July 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=zh | access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref>
==See also==

In July 2021 it was included in Table II-A of the list of prohibited drugs of Portugal.

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[5F-AB-PINACA]]
* [[5F-AB-PINACA]]
Line 59: Line 63:
* [[AB-CHMINACA]]
* [[AB-CHMINACA]]
* [[AB-PINACA]]
* [[AB-PINACA]]
* [[ADB-BINACA]]
* [[ADB-CHMINACA]]
* [[ADB-CHMINACA]]
* [[ADB-FUBINACA]]
* [[ADB-FUBINACA]]
* [[ADB-PINACA]]
* [[ADB-PINACA]]
* [[ADBICA]]
* [[ADBICA]]
* [[APICA]]
* [[APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)|APICA]]
* [[APINACA]]
* [[APINACA]]
* [[APP-FUBINACA]]
* [[APP-FUBINACA]]
Line 71: Line 76:
{{Div col end}}
{{Div col end}}


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Line 81: Line 86:
[[Category:Indazolecarboxamides]]
[[Category:Indazolecarboxamides]]
[[Category:Fluoroarenes]]
[[Category:Fluoroarenes]]
[[Category:Tert-butyl compounds]]


{{cannabinoid-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:26, 3 August 2023

MDMB-FUBINACA
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • Methyl (2S)-2-{[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H24FN3O3
Molar mass397.450 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C(N[C@H](C(OC)=O)C(C)(C)C)C1=NN(CC2=CC=C(F)C=C2)C3=C1C=CC=C3
  • InChI=1S/C22H24FN3O3/c1-22(2,3)19(21(28)29-4)24-20(27)18-16-7-5-6-8-17(16)26(25-18)13-14-9-11-15(23)12-10-14/h5-12,19H,13H2,1-4H3,(H,24,27)/t19-/m1/s1
  • Key:RFCDVEHNYDVCMU-LJQANCHMSA-N

MDMB-FUBINACA (also known as MDMB(N)-Bz-F and FUB-MDMB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 1.14 nM at CB1 and 0.1228 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 0.2668 nM at CB1 and 0.1411 nM at CB2,[1] and has been sold online as a designer drug.[2][3] Its benzyl analogue (instead of 4-fluorobenzyl) has been reported to be a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (Ki = 0.14 nM, EC50 = 2.42 nM).[4][5] The structure of MDMB-FUBINACA contains the amino acid, 3-methylvaline[6] or tert-leucine methyl ester.

Side effects[edit]

There have been a large number of reported cases of deaths and hospitalizations in relation to this synthetic cannabinoid, mainly in Russia and Belarus. MDMB-FUBINACA was first reported in 2014 and quickly gained a reputation as the most deadly synthetic cannabinoid drug sold by 2015.[7] Up to 700 hospitalisations and 25 deaths were initially linked to MDMB-FUBINACA in media and government reports, and subsequent testing confirmed that at least 1000 hospitalisations and 40 deaths had occurred as a consequence of intoxication by MDMB-FUBINACA as of March 2015.[8][9]

Legal status[edit]

In the United States, MDMB-FUBINACA is a Schedule I controlled substance.[10]

As of October 2015, MDMB-FUBINACA is a controlled substance in Belarus, Russia,[11] and China.[12]

In July 2021 it was included in Table II-A of the list of prohibited drugs of Portugal.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gamage TF, Farquhar CE, Lefever TW, Marusich JA, Kevin RC, McGregor IS, et al. (May 2018). "Molecular and Behavioral Pharmacological Characterization of Abused Synthetic Cannabinoids MMB- and MDMB-FUBINACA, MN-18, NNEI, CUMYL-PICA, and 5-Fluoro-CUMYL-PICA". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 365 (2): 437–446. doi:10.1124/jpet.117.246983. PMC 5932312. PMID 29549157.
  2. ^ "MDMB-FUBINACA". Cayman Chemical. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  3. ^ Lee JH, Park HN, Leem TS, Jeon JH, Cho S, Lee J, Baek SY (2016). "Identification of new synthetic cannabinoid analogue APINAC (adamantan-1-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate) with other synthetic cannabinoid MDMB(N)-Bz-F in illegal products". Forensic Toxicology. 35: 45–55. doi:10.1007/s11419-016-0331-z. ISSN 1860-8973. S2CID 20136837.
  4. ^ WO 2009106982, Buchler IP et al, "Indazole Derivatives" 
  5. ^ Banister SD, Longworth M, Kevin R, Sachdev S, Santiago M, Stuart J, et al. (September 2016). "Pharmacology of Valinate and tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoids 5F-AMBICA, 5F-AMB, 5F-ADB, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, and Their Analogues". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 7 (9): 1241–54. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00137. PMID 27421060.
  6. ^ 3-methylvaline
  7. ^ Shevyrin V, Melkozerov V, Nevero A, Eltsov O, Shafran Y, Morzherin Y, Lebedev AT (August 2015). "Identification and analytical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoids with an indazole-3-carboxamide structure bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonylalkyl group". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 407 (21): 6301–15. doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8612-7. PMID 25893797. S2CID 31838655.
  8. ^ "Выступление председателя ГАК, директора ФСКН России В.П. Иванова на заседании ГАК 6 октября 2014 г." (in Russian). Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation. 6 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  9. ^ I. Bulygina (21 October 2014). "Clinical presentations of intoxication by new psychoactive compound MDMB(N)-Bz-F. Thesis of The II Scientific and Practical Seminar 'Methodical, Organizational and Law Problems of Chemical and Toxicological Laboratories of Narcological Services', Moscow" (in Russian). Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) Into Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration.
  11. ^ "Очередная жертва спайса" (in Russian). Federal Drug Control Service of the Russian Federation. 17 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  12. ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

Leave a Reply