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{{Infobox Ortsteil einer Gemeinde in Deutschland
{{Infobox German location
| Ortsteil = Mützenich
|type = Stadtteil
| Gemeindeart = Stadt
|Town = Monschau
| Gemeindename = Monschau
|name = Mützenich
|image_photo = Mützenich, kerk foto8 2015-04-15 16.14.jpg
| Alternativanzeige-Gemeindename =
|image_caption = Mützenich's church
| Ortswappen = Mützenichwappen.jpg
| Breitengrad = 50/34//N
|image_coa = Mützenich, wappen.jpg
|coordinates = {{coord|50|34|00|N|06|13|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| Längengrad = 6/13//E
| Bundesland = Nordrhein-Westfalen
|state = Nordrhein-Westfalen
| Höhe = 584 <!-- Quelle: Geodatenzentrum -->
|region = Köln
| Fläche = 9.89
|district = Aachen
| Einwohner = 2237
|elevation = 584
|area = 9.89
| Einwohner-Stand-Datum = 2006-12-31
|population = 2087
| Eingemeindungsdatum = 1972-01-01
| Postleitzahl1 =
|Stand = 2015
| Postleitzahl2 =
|postal_code = 52156
| Vorwahl1 =
|licence = AC / MON
| Vorwahl2 =
|website = {{url|https://www.muetzenich.net/}}
| Lagekarte =
| Lagekarte-Beschreibung =
}}
}}
[[File:Neue Exklaven durchVennbahntrasse.JPG|thumb|Exclaves created by the Vennbahn track, including Mützenich]]
'''Mützenich''' ist ein nordwestlicher Stadtteil von [[Monschau]] in der [[Städteregion Aachen]].
[[Datei:Neue Exklaven durchVennbahntrasse.JPG|mini| belgische Vennbahntrasse macht Mützenich zur Exklave]]
== Lage ==
Mützenich liegt an der belgischen Grenze, im Einzugsbereich des [[Hohes Venn|Hohen Venns]], unterhalb der höchsten Erhebung der Städteregion Aachen, dem [[Steling]] ({{Höhe|658|DE-NHN}}).
<br>Durch die Trasse der mittlerweile abgebauten [[Vennbahn]] ist Mützenich neben anderen Ortsteilen Monschaus und [[Roetgen]]s eine [[Exklave]] Deutschlands, die komplett von Belgien umschlossen ist. Die Vennbahntrasse ist ebenso wie einige zuvor zu Mützenich gehörende Waldgebiete seit 1920 durch die Bestimmungen des [[Friedensvertrag von Versailles|Versailler Vertrags]] [[Belgien|belgisches]] Hoheitsgebiet. Rechts und links der Vennbahntrasse sind im Gelände die Grenzsteine zu finden.


'''Mützenich''' is a village and former municipality in the [[Aachen (district)|district of Aachen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]]. It is part of the municipality of [[Monschau]] since 1972. Notably, Mützenich is a German [[exclave]] surrounded by [[Belgium|Belgian]] territory due to the [[track bed]] of the former [[Vennbahn]] railway line being part of Belgium following the implementation of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], among other small areas.
== Geschichte ==


== Geography ==
Der Ortsname Mützenich weist möglicherweise auf eine römische Ansiedlung hin: Mutiniacum. Um 1783 wurde unter einem Knüppeldamm im Venn die Leiche eines römischen [[Römische Legion|Legionärs]] in voller Rüstung gefunden. Der römische Helm ist Teil des Gemeindewappens.
Mützenich is located on the German-[[Belgium|Belgian]] border, in the region of the [[High Fens]] and below [[Steling]] mountain, at {{Höhe|584|DE-NHN}}.


== History ==
Nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges plante Belgien, die durch die Vennbahn entstandene Exklave zu annektieren, ließ diese Pläne aber im April 1949 wieder fallen<ref>Bettina Blank: ''Die westdeutschen Länder und die Entstehung der Bundesrepublik'', München 1995, S. 220 [http://books.google.de/books?id=Kfo4mYc_mE4C&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=luxemburg+grenzver%C3%A4nderungen&source=bl&ots=GqfCoP2fDA&sig=xJL_LPmo-ObYElkys6Ud0ZZXKfs&hl=de&ei=17kuSvepNc-N_Qa77v24Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#PPA219,M1]</ref>.
One possible derivation of the place name ''Mützenich'' is a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] settlement {{lang|la|Mutiniacum}}. In 1783, peat cutters discovered a Roman helmet and remains of a log road. The road may have been part of the military road {{lang|la|Via Mansuerisca}}. A depiction of the Roman helmet forms part of the coat of arms of the former municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.heimatverein-muetzenich.de/geschichte.html |title=Historisches von Mützenich |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Heimatverein Mützenich 1998 e.V. |access-date=2021-02-20 |language=German}}</ref>


After World War II, Belgium planned to annex the German exclave created by the Vennbahn track, but decided to no longer pursue these plans in April 1949. Mützenich was a major hub for [[smuggling]] coffee from Belgium to Germany after the war. The prosecution investigated more than 100 inhabitants for smuggling. In the judicial proceedings, it turned out that nearly all the male youth of Mützenich was involved in smuggling coffee. In 1952, of 53 people indicted for smuggling, 47 were convicted (four were acquitted and the proceedings against two women were dismissed due to insignificance).<ref>{{Citation |last=Trees |first=Wolfgang |year=2002 |title=Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer |publisher=Triangel |publication-place=Aachen |page=331-332 |isbn=3-922974-06-6 |language=German}}
In der Nachkriegszeit war der Ort eine Hochburg des Kaffeeschmuggels von Belgien nach Deutschland, der sogenannten [[Aachener Kaffeefront]]. Die Staatsanwaltschaft stellte fest, dass fast die gesamte männliche Jugend Mützenichs Kaffee schmuggelte und ermittelte gegen über 100 Bewohner. 1952 wurden 52 von ihnen angeklagt und schließlich 46 verurteilt. Wegen Spielermangels musste daraufhin der örtliche Fußballverein absteigen.<ref>{{Internetquelle|url=http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/schmuggel-in-der-nachkriegszeit-a-948482.html |titel=Schmuggel in der Nachkriegszeit: Kaffeepanzer im Bohnenkampf |autor= |werk=[[Spiegel Online]] |datum=2009-09-07 |zugriff=2015-02-27}}</ref>
</ref> The local soccer club was relegated to a lower division following this for a lack of players.<ref>{{Citation |last=Trees |first=Wolfgang |year=2002 |title=Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer |publisher=Triangel |publication-place=Aachen |page=329 |isbn=3-922974-06-6 |language=German}}</ref> Several people in the area were killed by gunfire from customs officers. According to official statistics, the death toll at the border in the Aachen region was 31 between 1946 and 1952. There were also two customs officers shot dead, one missing, and more than a hundred people seriously injured among the smugglers as well as the customs officers.<ref>{{Citation |last=Trees |first=Wolfgang |year=2002 |title=Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer |publisher=Triangel |publication-place=Aachen |page=172 |isbn=3-922974-06-6 |language=German}}</ref>


Until 1971, Mützenich was a municipality in the district of Monschau which in turn was part of the larger governmental district ({{lang|de|[[Regierungsbezirk]]}}) of [[Aachen]]. The district as well as the {{lang|de|Regierungsbezirk}} were dissolved in 1972 and Mützenich became part of the municipality of Monschau.
Bis Ende 1971 gehörte Mützenich als eigenständige [[Gemeinde]] zum ebenfalls aufgelösten [[Kreis Monschau]] und dieser zum ebenfalls aufgelösten [[Regierungsbezirk Aachen]] (siehe [[Aachen-Gesetz (1971)|Aachen-Gesetz]]). Am 1. Januar 1972 wurde der Ort in die Stadt Monschau eingegliedert.<ref>{{BibISBN|3170032631|Seite=309}}</ref>


Aviation pioneer {{ill|Erich Offermann|de}} (1885–1930) raised a hill near Mützenich for flight experiments which started in 1910. The overgrown hill is now located on Belgian territory. In a 1959 publication, Belgian historian Jean de Walque mistook this hill for the commander's hill of a Roman military camp.<ref>{{Citation| last=Weiß | first=Pejo| title=Der "Fliegerberg" im Venn bei Mützenich | journal=Das Monschauer Land | volume=24 | year=1996 | pages= 64–68 | language=German }}</ref>
Mützenich wurde mehrfach mit dem Titel [[Unser Dorf hat Zukunft|Golddorf]] ausgezeichnet.


=== Flugpionier ===
== Business ==
There are several guesthouses, hotels and restaurants in Mützenich, retail stores and other trades, as well as milk and meat farmers. Most of the population works outside of the village though, in the surrounding area or in Aachen.


== Historic monuments ==
Auch in der Geschichte der Luftfahrt taucht der Ort Mützenich auf. Im Jahre 1909 begann der Luftfahrtpionier [[Erich Offermann]] (* 9. Juli 1885 in Aachen, † Juli 1930) bei Mützenich einen Hügel für Flugexperimente aufzuschütten. 1910 begann er dort mit Flugversuchen. Fast in Vergessenheit geraten, liegt der Hügel überwuchert auf heute belgischem Staatsgebiet<ref>[http://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/eifel/fliegerberg-als-neues-ziel-fuer-wanderer-1.384265 "Fliegerberg" als neues Ziel für Wanderer]</ref>.
Some of Monschau's listed historic monuments are located in Mützenich, such as the Catholic church of St. Bartholomew (''St. Bartholomäus'' in German). The church, which was originally built in [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic revival]] style in 1847/1848, was enlarged with a modern annex in 1954/1955. The stained glass windows were created in 1961 by [[Trude Dinnendahl-Benning]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glasmalerei-ev.net/pages/b2396/b2396.shtml |title=Monschau-Mützenich, Kath. Kirche St. Bartholomäus |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Forschungsstelle Glasmalerei des 20. Jahrhunderts e.V. |access-date=2021-02-20 |language=German}}</ref>


== Wirtschaft ==
== Tourism ==
Mützenich is a destination for hiking, jogging, cycling, and cross-country skiing. Many hiking trails lead into the High Fens. From Aachen, it is an about 40 minutes drive by car to Mützenich. There are also bus lines to Mützenich.
Neben einer Vielzahl privater Pensionen gibt es mehrere Hotels und Restaurants, Einzelhandelsgeschäfte, verschiedene Handwerksbetriebe und einige Milch- und Fleischbauern. Der größte Teil der Bevölkerung arbeitet allerdings in der näheren Umgebung oder [[Aachen]].


A landmark about one kilometre north of the village is ''Kaiser Karls Bettstatt'' ("Emperor Charlemagne's resting place"), a slab of [[quartzite]] near [[Steling]] mountain and by one of the major tracks into the High Fens. According to legend, Charlemagne got lost one day while hunting and rested on this slab for one night.<ref name="wdr">{{cite web |url=https://www1.wdr.de/archiv/karlsjahr/karlsjahr130.html |title=Kaiser Karls Bettstatt: Mützenich in der Eifel |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=WDR |date=28 January 2014 |access-date=2021-02-20 |language=German}}
== Baudenkmäler ==
</ref> There is also a humorous legend regarding the origin of the name of ''Mützenich'' connected to this: As he rested on the slab in cold weather, Charlemagne was offered a cap (in German, ''Mütze'') by a servant, which the emperor then refused by saying in local dialect ''Mütze nich!''<ref name="wdr"/> ("Cap - not!").


== References ==
{{Hauptartikel|Liste der Baudenkmäler in Monschau}}
{{reflist}}


== Tourismus ==
== External links ==
* {{Commons category inline|Mützenich, Monschau}}
* [https://www.muetzenich.net/ General information] (in German)
* [https://www.heimatverein-muetzenich.de/ Heimatverein Mützenich] (local heritage society, in German)


{{Authority control}}
[[Datei:Kaiser Karls Bettstatt.JPG|mini|links|Kaiser Karls Bettstatt]]
Mützenich ist ein beliebtes Ziel für Wanderer, Radfahrer, Jogger und Ski-Langläufer. Viele Wanderwege führen in das [[Hohes Venn|Hohe Venn]], ein [[Regenmoor|Hochmoor]] auf etwa 600 bis 650 Meter Höhe mit [[Palsen]] (früher irrtümlich [[Pingo]]s) aus der Eiszeit, und in das Naturschutzgebiet ''Gebirgsbach Rur''. Mützenich ist von Aachen mit dem PKW in ca. 40 Minuten zu erreichen.


[[Category:Monschau]]
Ein markanter Punkt ca. einen Kilometer nördlich des Ortes ist ''Kaiser Karls Bettstatt'', unweit des [[Steling]]s, von wo aus einer der Hauptwege ins Hohe Venn führt. Die Legende besagt: Als Kaiser [[Karl der Große]] sich eines Tages auf der Jagd verirrte, soll er an diesem Quarzitblock sein unfreiwilliges Nachtlager aufgeschlagen haben. Mit etwas Fantasie sind Einkerbungen zu erkennen, wo ein Körper mit Kopf und Füßen aufgelegen haben könnte. Nach diesem Abdruck hätte diese Gestalt allerdings fast drei Meter groß sein müssen.
[[Category:Villages in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
Auch für die Namensgebung Mützenichs muss, mit einem Augenzwinkern, Karl herhalten: als ihm, auf der Bettstatt liegend, einer seiner Bediensteten gegen die Kälte eine Kopfbedeckung hinhielt, soll er entgegnet haben: „Mütze nich“. In dem in Mundart abgehaltenen Dorflied ''e Dörpsche lid im Monscher Land'' (ein Dörfchen liegt im Monschauer Land) wird hingegen die Namensfindung auf den oft strengen Westwind zurückgeführt, der den Menschen die Mützen weg riss: „un daropp ewischlisch, häisst dat Dorp nu Mötzenisch“.
[[Category:Former municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia]]

[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves]]
{{Panorama|Brackvenn.jpg|500|[[Palsen]] bei Mützenich mit Moortümpel}}

== Weblinks ==
{{commonscat|Mützenich, Monschau|Mützenich}}
* [http://www.muetzenich.net/ Informationen zum Stadtteil]

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

{{Navigationsleiste Stadtteile von Monschau}}

{{SORTIERUNG:Mutzenich (Monschau)}}
[[Kategorie:Ortsteil von Monschau]]
[[Kategorie:Exklave]]
[[Kategorie:Ehemalige Gemeinde (Städteregion Aachen)]]

Latest revision as of 12:50, 30 March 2023

Mützenich
Mützenich's church
Mützenich's church
Coat of arms of Mützenich
Location of Mützenich
Map
Mützenich is located in Germany
Mützenich
Mützenich
Mützenich is located in North Rhine-Westphalia
Mützenich
Mützenich
Coordinates: 50°34′00″N 06°13′00″E / 50.56667°N 6.21667°E / 50.56667; 6.21667
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionKöln
DistrictAachen
TownMonschau
Area
 • Total9.89 km2 (3.82 sq mi)
Elevation
584 m (1,916 ft)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total2,087
 • Density210/km2 (550/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
52156
Vehicle registrationAC / MON
Websitewww.muetzenich.net
Exclaves created by the Vennbahn track, including Mützenich

Mützenich is a village and former municipality in the district of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the municipality of Monschau since 1972. Notably, Mützenich is a German exclave surrounded by Belgian territory due to the track bed of the former Vennbahn railway line being part of Belgium following the implementation of the Treaty of Versailles, among other small areas.

Geography[edit]

Mützenich is located on the German-Belgian border, in the region of the High Fens and below Steling mountain, at 584 m above NHN.

History[edit]

One possible derivation of the place name Mützenich is a Roman settlement Mutiniacum. In 1783, peat cutters discovered a Roman helmet and remains of a log road. The road may have been part of the military road Via Mansuerisca. A depiction of the Roman helmet forms part of the coat of arms of the former municipality.[1]

After World War II, Belgium planned to annex the German exclave created by the Vennbahn track, but decided to no longer pursue these plans in April 1949. Mützenich was a major hub for smuggling coffee from Belgium to Germany after the war. The prosecution investigated more than 100 inhabitants for smuggling. In the judicial proceedings, it turned out that nearly all the male youth of Mützenich was involved in smuggling coffee. In 1952, of 53 people indicted for smuggling, 47 were convicted (four were acquitted and the proceedings against two women were dismissed due to insignificance).[2] The local soccer club was relegated to a lower division following this for a lack of players.[3] Several people in the area were killed by gunfire from customs officers. According to official statistics, the death toll at the border in the Aachen region was 31 between 1946 and 1952. There were also two customs officers shot dead, one missing, and more than a hundred people seriously injured among the smugglers as well as the customs officers.[4]

Until 1971, Mützenich was a municipality in the district of Monschau which in turn was part of the larger governmental district (Regierungsbezirk) of Aachen. The district as well as the Regierungsbezirk were dissolved in 1972 and Mützenich became part of the municipality of Monschau.

Aviation pioneer Erich Offermann [de] (1885–1930) raised a hill near Mützenich for flight experiments which started in 1910. The overgrown hill is now located on Belgian territory. In a 1959 publication, Belgian historian Jean de Walque mistook this hill for the commander's hill of a Roman military camp.[5]

Business[edit]

There are several guesthouses, hotels and restaurants in Mützenich, retail stores and other trades, as well as milk and meat farmers. Most of the population works outside of the village though, in the surrounding area or in Aachen.

Historic monuments[edit]

Some of Monschau's listed historic monuments are located in Mützenich, such as the Catholic church of St. Bartholomew (St. Bartholomäus in German). The church, which was originally built in Gothic revival style in 1847/1848, was enlarged with a modern annex in 1954/1955. The stained glass windows were created in 1961 by Trude Dinnendahl-Benning.[6]

Tourism[edit]

Mützenich is a destination for hiking, jogging, cycling, and cross-country skiing. Many hiking trails lead into the High Fens. From Aachen, it is an about 40 minutes drive by car to Mützenich. There are also bus lines to Mützenich.

A landmark about one kilometre north of the village is Kaiser Karls Bettstatt ("Emperor Charlemagne's resting place"), a slab of quartzite near Steling mountain and by one of the major tracks into the High Fens. According to legend, Charlemagne got lost one day while hunting and rested on this slab for one night.[7] There is also a humorous legend regarding the origin of the name of Mützenich connected to this: As he rested on the slab in cold weather, Charlemagne was offered a cap (in German, Mütze) by a servant, which the emperor then refused by saying in local dialect Mütze nich![7] ("Cap - not!").

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Historisches von Mützenich" (in German). Heimatverein Mützenich 1998 e.V. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
  2. ^ Trees, Wolfgang (2002), Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer (in German), Aachen: Triangel, p. 331-332, ISBN 3-922974-06-6
  3. ^ Trees, Wolfgang (2002), Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer (in German), Aachen: Triangel, p. 329, ISBN 3-922974-06-6
  4. ^ Trees, Wolfgang (2002), Schmuggler, Zöllner und die Kaffeepanzer (in German), Aachen: Triangel, p. 172, ISBN 3-922974-06-6
  5. ^ Weiß, Pejo (1996), "Der "Fliegerberg" im Venn bei Mützenich", Das Monschauer Land (in German), 24: 64–68
  6. ^ "Monschau-Mützenich, Kath. Kirche St. Bartholomäus" (in German). Forschungsstelle Glasmalerei des 20. Jahrhunderts e.V. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
  7. ^ a b "Kaiser Karls Bettstatt: Mützenich in der Eifel". WDR (in German). 28 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-02-20.

External links[edit]

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