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{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
#redirect [[List of chemical element name etymologies]]
{{sidebar periodic table|history}}
{{R cat shell|
Below is the '''list of people whose names are used in chemical element names'''. Of the [[chemical element|118 chemical elements]], 19 are connected with the names of 20 people. 15 elements were named to honor 16 scientists (as [[curium]] honours both [[Marie Curie|Marie]] and [[Pierre Curie]]). Four other elements have indirect connection to the names of non-scientists.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Kevin A. Boudreaux|title=Derivations of the Names and Symbols of the Elements|url=http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/hist_names.htm|publisher=Angelo State University}}</ref> Only [[gadolinium]] and [[samarium]] occur in nature; the rest are [[synthetic element|synthetic]]
{{R from merge}}

}}
==Table==
The following 19 elements are connected to the names of people. [[Glenn T. Seaborg|Seaborg]] and [[Yuri Oganessian|Oganessian]] were the only two who were alive at the time of being honored with having elements named after them, and Oganessian is the only one still alive. The four non-scientists in this table are connected with elements that were not named to honor the individual directly but rather were named for a place or thing which in turn had been named for these people. [[Samarium]] was named for the mineral [[samarskite]] from which it was isolated. [[Americium]], [[berkelium]] and [[livermorium]] were named after places that had been named for them. The cities of [[Berkeley, California]] and [[Livermore, California]] are the locations of the [[University of California Radiation Laboratory]] and [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]], respectively.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!style="background-color:#bbeeff" colspan=4| Element
!style="background-color:#bbeeff" width:50% colspan=5| Individual(s)
|-
!style="background-color:#bbeeff" data-sort-type="number" | [[Atomic number|Z]]
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Name
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Symbol
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Discovery
!style="background-color:#bbeeff" class=unsortable| Immediate namesake
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Name
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Specialty
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| {{nowrap|Born–Died}}
!style="background-color:#bbeeff"| Nationality
|-
|{{sort|062|62}}||[[Samarium]]||Sm|| 1879|| the mineral [[samarskite]]
|data-sort-value="Samarsky-Bykhovets, Vasili"|[[Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets]]
||[[Mining engineering|Mining engineer]]|| 1803–1870||[[Russian people|Russian]]
|-
|{{sort|064|64}}||[[Gadolinium]]||Gd||1886|| the mineral [[gadolinite]]
|data-sort-value="Gadolin, Johan"|[[Johan Gadolin]]
||[[Scientist]]||1760–1852|| [[Finnish people|Finnish]]
|-
|{{sort|095|95}}||[[Americium]]||Am||1944|| the continents of the [[Americas]]
|data-sort-value="Vespucci, Amerigo"|[[Amerigo Vespucci]]
||[[Exploration|Explorer]]|| 1454–1512|| [[Italian people|Italian]]
|-
|{{sort|096|96}}||[[Curium]]||Cm||1944||
|data-sort-value="Curie, Marie" | {{unbulleted list|[[Marie Skłodowska-Curie|Marie Curie]]|[[Pierre Curie]]}}
||{{unbulleted list|Scientist|Scientist}}||{{unbulleted list|1867–1934|1859–1906}}||{{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|[[Polish people|Polish]]–[[French people|French]]}}|[[French people|French]]}}
|-
|{{sort|097|97}}||[[Berkelium]]||Bk||1949|| the city [[Berkeley, California]]
|data-sort-value="Berkeley, George"|[[George Berkeley]]
||[[Philosopher]]||1685–1753|| [[Irish people|Irish]]
|-
|{{sort|099|99}}||[[Einsteinium]]||Es||1952||
|data-sort-value="Einstein, Albert"|[[Albert Einstein]]
||Scientist||1879–1955||[[German people|German]]–[[Swiss people|Swiss]]
|-
|100||[[Fermium]]||Fm||1952||
|data-sort-value="Fermi, Enrico"|[[Enrico Fermi]]
||Scientist||1901–1954||[[Italian people|Italian]]–[[American people|American]]
|-
|101||[[Mendelevium]]||Md||1955||
|data-sort-value="Mendeleev, Dimitri"|[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
||Scientist||1834–1907||[[Russian people|Russian]]
|-
|102||[[Nobelium]]||No||1966||
|data-sort-value="Nobel, Alfred"|[[Alfred Nobel]]
||Scientist||1833–1896||[[Swedish people|Swedish]]
|-
|103||[[Lawrencium]]||Lr||1961||
|data-sort-value="Lawrence, Ernest"|[[Ernest Lawrence]]
||Scientist||1901–1958||[[American people|American]]
|-
|104||[[Rutherfordium]]||Rf||1969||
|data-sort-value="Rutherford, Ernest"|[[Ernest Rutherford]]
||Scientist||1871–1937||[[New Zealanders|New Zealand]]–[[British people|British]]
|-
|106||[[Seaborgium]]||Sg||1974||
|data-sort-value="Seaborg, Glenn T."|[[Glenn T. Seaborg]]
||Scientist||1912–1999||[[American people|American]]
|-
|107||[[Bohrium]]||Bh||1981||
|data-sort-value="Bohr, Niels"|[[Niels Bohr]]
||Scientist||1885–1962||[[Danish people|Danish]]
|-
|109||[[Meitnerium]]||Mt||1982||
|data-sort-value="Meitner, Lise"|[[Lise Meitner]]
||Scientist||1878–1968||[[Austrians|Austrian]]–[[Swedish people|Swedish]]
|-
|111||[[Roentgenium]]||Rg||1994||
|data-sort-value="Röntgen, Wilhelm"|[[Wilhelm Röntgen]]
||Scientist||1845–1923||[[German people|German]]
|-
|112||[[Copernicium]]||Cn||1996||
|data-sort-value="Copernicus, Nicolaus"|[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]
||Scientist||1473–1543||[[Polish people|Polish]]–[[German people|German]]
|-
|114||[[Flerovium]]||Fl||1998|| the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]]
|data-sort-value="Flyorov, Georgy"|[[Georgy Flyorov]]
||Scientist||1913–1990||[[Russian people|Russian]]
|-
|116||[[Livermorium]]||Lv||2000|| the city [[Livermore, California]], and the [[Lawrence Livermore Laboratory|Lawrence Livermore Lab]]<ref>There is an implied connection between Livermorium and [[Ernest Lawrence]] since the element is named for the [[Lawrence Livermore Laboratory]].</ref>
|data-sort-value="Livermore, Robert"|[[Robert Livermore]]
||[[Property|Land owner]]||1799–1858|| [[English people|English]]–[[Mexican people|Mexican]]
|-
|118||[[Oganesson]]||Og||2002||
|data-sort-value="Oganessian, Yuri"|[[Yuri Oganessian]]
||Scientist||1933–||[[Russian people|Russian]]
|}

==Other connections==
Other element names have been proposed but failed to gain official international recognition. These include columbium (Cb), hahnium (Ha), joliotium (Jl), and kurchatovium (Ku), names connected to [[Christopher Columbus]], [[Otto Hahn]], [[Irène Joliot-Curie]], and [[Igor Kurchatov]]; and also cassiopeium (Cp), a name coming from the constellation [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]] and is hence indirectly connected to the mythological [[Cassiopeia (mother of Andromeda)|Cassiopeia]]. (See the article on [[List of chemical elements naming controversies|element naming controversies]] and [[List of places used in the names of chemical elements]].)

Also, mythological entities have had a significant impact on the naming of elements. [[Helium]], [[titanium]], [[selenium]], [[palladium]], [[promethium]], [[cerium]], [[europium]], [[mercury (element)|mercury]], [[thorium]], [[uranium]], [[neptunium]] and [[plutonium]] are all given names connected to mythological deities. With some, that connection is indirect:
* [[helium]]: named for the Sun where it was discovered, being associated with the deity [[Helios]],
* [[iridium]]: named for the Greek goddess [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]],
* [[tellurium]]: named for the Roman goddess of the earth, [[Tellus Mater]],
* [[niobium]]: named for [[Niobe]], a character of Greek mythology,
* [[vanadium]]: named for [[Vanadís|Vanadis]], another name for Norse goddess [[Freyja]],
* [[selenium]]: named for the Moon being associated with the deity [[Selene]],
* [[palladium]]: named for the then-recently discovered asteroid [[2 Pallas|Pallas]] which had been named for the deity [[Pallas Athena]],
* [[cerium]]: named for the then-recently discovered asteroid [[Ceres (dwarf planet)|Ceres]] which had been named for the deity [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]],
* [[europium]]: named for the continent that had been named after the deity [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]].

[[Titanium]] is unique in that it refers to [[titan (mythology)|a group of deities]] rather than any particular individual. So Helios, Selene, Pallas, and [[Prometheus]] actually have two elements named in their honor.

And for elements given a name connected with a group, there is also [[xenon]], named for the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''ξένον'' (xenon), neuter singular form of ''ξένος'' (xenos), meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'.<ref>{{cite book
|author=Anonymous|editor=Daniel Coit Gilman|editor2=Harry Thurston Peck|editor3=Frank Moore Colby
|date=1904|title=The New International Encyclopædia
|publisher=[[Dodd, Mead and Company]]|page=906
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|author=Staff|date=1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrcZEZ1bOJsC&pg=PA513
|title=The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories
|page=513|publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc.
|isbn=0-87779-603-3}}</ref>
Its discoverer [[William Ramsay]] intended this name to be an indication of the qualities of this element in analogy to the generic group of people.

[[Gallium]] was discovered by French scientist [[Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]], who named it in honor of France ("Gallia" in Latin); allegations were later made that he had also named it for himself, as "gallus" is Latin for "[[rooster|le coq]]", but he denied that this had been his intention.<ref name="denied allegations">{{cite journal |title= The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff |pages= 1605–1619 |last= Weeks |first= Mary Elvira |author-link=Mary Elvira Weeks |doi=10.1021/ed009p1605 |journal= [[Journal of Chemical Education]] |volume= 9 |issue= 9 |date= 1932 |bibcode= 1932JChEd...9.1605W}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of scientists whose names are used as units]]
*[[List of scientists whose names are used in physical constants]]
*[[List of places used in the names of chemical elements]]
*[[List of chemical element name etymologies]]
*[[Naming of chemical elements]]
*[[List of chemical elements]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Navbox periodic table}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scientists whose names are used in chemical element names, List of}}
[[Category:Naming of chemical elements|People]]
[[Category:History of science]]
[[Category:Lists of chemical elements|People]]
[[Category:Lists of scientists]]
[[Category:People involved with the periodic table|*]]

Revision as of 20:28, 2 August 2021

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Below is the list of people whose names are used in chemical element names. Of the 118 chemical elements, 19 are connected with the names of 20 people. 15 elements were named to honor 16 scientists (as curium honours both Marie and Pierre Curie). Four other elements have indirect connection to the names of non-scientists.[1] Only gadolinium and samarium occur in nature; the rest are synthetic

Table

The following 19 elements are connected to the names of people. Seaborg and Oganessian were the only two who were alive at the time of being honored with having elements named after them, and Oganessian is the only one still alive. The four non-scientists in this table are connected with elements that were not named to honor the individual directly but rather were named for a place or thing which in turn had been named for these people. Samarium was named for the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. Americium, berkelium and livermorium were named after places that had been named for them. The cities of Berkeley, California and Livermore, California are the locations of the University of California Radiation Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, respectively.

Element Individual(s)
Z Name Symbol Discovery Immediate namesake Name Specialty Born–Died Nationality
62 Samarium Sm 1879 the mineral samarskite Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets Mining engineer 1803–1870 Russian
64 Gadolinium Gd 1886 the mineral gadolinite Johan Gadolin Scientist 1760–1852 Finnish
95 Americium Am 1944 the continents of the Americas Amerigo Vespucci Explorer 1454–1512 Italian
96 Curium Cm 1944
  • Scientist
  • Scientist
  • 1867–1934
  • 1859–1906
97 Berkelium Bk 1949 the city Berkeley, California George Berkeley Philosopher 1685–1753 Irish
99 Einsteinium Es 1952 Albert Einstein Scientist 1879–1955 German–Swiss
100 Fermium Fm 1952 Enrico Fermi Scientist 1901–1954 Italian–American
101 Mendelevium Md 1955 Dmitri Mendeleev Scientist 1834–1907 Russian
102 Nobelium No 1966 Alfred Nobel Scientist 1833–1896 Swedish
103 Lawrencium Lr 1961 Ernest Lawrence Scientist 1901–1958 American
104 Rutherfordium Rf 1969 Ernest Rutherford Scientist 1871–1937 New Zealand–British
106 Seaborgium Sg 1974 Glenn T. Seaborg Scientist 1912–1999 American
107 Bohrium Bh 1981 Niels Bohr Scientist 1885–1962 Danish
109 Meitnerium Mt 1982 Lise Meitner Scientist 1878–1968 Austrian–Swedish
111 Roentgenium Rg 1994 Wilhelm Röntgen Scientist 1845–1923 German
112 Copernicium Cn 1996 Nicolaus Copernicus Scientist 1473–1543 Polish–German
114 Flerovium Fl 1998 the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Georgy Flyorov Scientist 1913–1990 Russian
116 Livermorium Lv 2000 the city Livermore, California, and the Lawrence Livermore Lab[2] Robert Livermore Land owner 1799–1858 English–Mexican
118 Oganesson Og 2002 Yuri Oganessian Scientist 1933– Russian

Other connections

Other element names have been proposed but failed to gain official international recognition. These include columbium (Cb), hahnium (Ha), joliotium (Jl), and kurchatovium (Ku), names connected to Christopher Columbus, Otto Hahn, Irène Joliot-Curie, and Igor Kurchatov; and also cassiopeium (Cp), a name coming from the constellation Cassiopeia and is hence indirectly connected to the mythological Cassiopeia. (See the article on element naming controversies and List of places used in the names of chemical elements.)

Also, mythological entities have had a significant impact on the naming of elements. Helium, titanium, selenium, palladium, promethium, cerium, europium, mercury, thorium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium are all given names connected to mythological deities. With some, that connection is indirect:

Titanium is unique in that it refers to a group of deities rather than any particular individual. So Helios, Selene, Pallas, and Prometheus actually have two elements named in their honor.

And for elements given a name connected with a group, there is also xenon, named for the Greek word ξένον (xenon), neuter singular form of ξένος (xenos), meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'.[3][4] Its discoverer William Ramsay intended this name to be an indication of the qualities of this element in analogy to the generic group of people.

Gallium was discovered by French scientist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named it in honor of France ("Gallia" in Latin); allegations were later made that he had also named it for himself, as "gallus" is Latin for "le coq", but he denied that this had been his intention.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kevin A. Boudreaux. "Derivations of the Names and Symbols of the Elements". Angelo State University.
  2. ^ There is an implied connection between Livermorium and Ernest Lawrence since the element is named for the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.
  3. ^ Anonymous (1904). Daniel Coit Gilman; Harry Thurston Peck; Frank Moore Colby (eds.). The New International Encyclopædia. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 906.
  4. ^ Staff (1991). The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories. Merriam-Webster, Inc. p. 513. ISBN 0-87779-603-3.
  5. ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (9): 1605–1619. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1605W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1605.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_whose_names_are_used_in_chemical_element_names&curid=31706469&diff=1036807279&oldid=1036751871&diffmode=source

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