This list of Internet top-level domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database.^[1][2] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. As of June 2020^[update], their root domain contains 1511 top-level domains,^[3] with a number of TLDs that have been retired and are no longer functional. As of June 2020^[update], the IANA root database includes 1,584 TLDs, including 55 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains and are thus not represented in ICANN's listing^[1] and are not in root.zone file.^[4]

Types

IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:^[5]

• infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
• generic top-level domains (gTLD)
• generic-restricted top-level domains (grTLD)
• sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
• country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
• test top-level domains (tTLD)

Original top-level domains

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.

• Name: DNS names
• Entity: intended use
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Name	Entity	Administrator[6]	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC	SLD	IPv6
.com	commercial	Verisign	This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name,[citation needed] to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.org	organization	Public Interest Registry	This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by non-profit organizations, and still primarily used by some.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.net	network	Verisign	This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally intended for use by domains pointing to a distributed network of computers, or "umbrella" sites that act as the portal to a set of smaller websites.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.int	international	Internet Assigned Numbers Authority	The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria.	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.edu	education	Educause (via Verisign)	The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names.	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.gov	government (U.S. national and state government agencies)	General Services Administration (via Verisign)	The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies.	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.mil	military (U.S. military)	United States Department of Defense	The .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense.	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

Infrastructure top-level domain

Infrastructure	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.arpa	"Address and Routing Parameter Area"	Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD.	No	Yes

Country code top-level domains

As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2020^[update], this number is 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.^[1]

Table legend

Name – DNS name of the two-letter country-code top-level domain. They follow ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, with some exceptions such as ".ac" for Ascension Island, ".eu" for the European Union, or ".uk" for United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland instead of ".gb". ISO codes bv, bl, mf, sj, gb and um are not used for country code top-level domains.

Entity – Country, dependency, or region

Explanation – Explanation of the code when it is not self-evident from the English name of the country. These are usually domains that arise from native name of the country (e.g. .de for Deutschland, German name for Germany).

Notes – General remarks

Registry – Domain name registry operator, sometimes called a network information center (NIC)

IDN – Support for internationalized domain names (IDN)

DNSSEC – Presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

SLD – Allows second-level domain registration (restrictions may apply)

IPv6 – Registry fully supports IPv6 access

Overview of Latin-character country-code TLDs

Name[7]	Entity	Explanation	Notes	Registry[7]	IDN	DNSSEC	SLD	IPv6
.ac	Ascension Island (United Kingdom)		Commonly used for academic websites, such as universities. However, .ac is not to be confused with the official academic domains used by several countries such as the United Kingdom (.ac.uk), India (.ac.in) or Indonesia (.ac.id). Also used in the accounting, consulting, and air-conditioning industries.	Ascension Island Network Information Centre (run by Internet Computer Bureau)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.ad	Andorra		Local trademark, trade name or citizenship required[8][9]	Nic.ad		Yes	Yes
.ae	United Arab Emirates			.aeDA		No	Yes
.af	Afghanistan					Yes	Yes
.ag	Antigua and Barbuda		Also unofficially used by German businesses (where AG is an abbreviation of Aktiengesellschaft).			Yes	Yes
.ai	Anguilla (United Kingdom)		Also unofficially used by tech companies specializing in AI (Artificial Intelligence).			No	Yes
.al	Albania		Citizenship no longer required.			No	Yes
.am	Armenia		Also unofficially used by AM radio stations, podcasts or related business.		No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.ao	Angola					No	Un­known
.aq	Antarctica	Antarctique	Defined by the Antarctic Treaty as everything south of latitude 60°S. AQ domain names are available to government organizations who are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty and to other registrants who have a physical presence in Antarctica.		?	No	Yes	?
.ar	Argentina				Spanish[cctld 1]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.as	American Samoa (United States)		In some countries, like Norway and Denmark, "AS" or "A/S" is used as an abbreviation for stock-based or limited companies. Such companies will often make use of the domain. Also unofficially used by the Principality of Asturias, Spain.		Yes	No	Yes
.at	Austria			Nic.at	Yes[cctld 2]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.au	Australia		Restrictions apply. In general, registrants must be Australian, and can be registered anywhere between 1 and 5 years.[10] Includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands.		No	Yes	No	Yes
.aw	Aruba (Kingdom of the Netherlands)	Aruba, West Indies	Restricted to registered Aruban companies, organisations and citizens			Yes	Yes
.ax	Åland (Finland)	.al and .ad already allocated				Yes	Yes
.az	Azerbaijan		Only for Residents. Has no WHOIS-Server.			Yes	Yes	Yes
.ba	Bosnia and Herzegovina					No	Yes
.bb	Barbados					No	Yes
.bd	Bangladesh		For individuals, registrant must have a valid NID. For companies, registrant must have company or trademark registered in Bangladesh.		Yes	No	Yes
.be	Belgium		Also unofficially used in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland		Latin[11]	Yes	Yes	Yes[12]
.bf	Burkina Faso					No	Yes
.bg	Bulgaria		See also .бг (.bg in cyrillic) for IDN ccTLD		Yes	Yes	Yes
.bh	Bahrain					Yes	Yes
.bi	Burundi					No	Yes
.bj	Benin	.be, .bn, and .bi already allocated				No	Yes
.bm	Bermuda (United Kingdom)		Local corporate registration required			Yes	Yes
.bn	Brunei					No	No
.bo	Bolivia					No	Yes
.bq	Caribbean Netherlands ( Bonaire,  Saba, and  Sint Eustatius)	.be and .bs already allocated	Not in use.			/	/
.br	Brazil		Restricted. Registration is done under several categories (i.e.: .edu.br for higher education institutions, .gov.br for government agencies, etc.).[13]		Yes[14]	Yes	No[cctld 3]
.bs	Bahamas					No	Yes
.bt	Bhutan		Must have local presence in Bhutan, and valid trade license[15]			Yes	No
.bw	Botswana		May also be used for the Province of Walloon Brabant, Wallonia, Belgium			Yes	Yes
.by	Belarus	Byelorussia	Also unofficially used to denote Bayern (Bavaria), Germany			Yes	Yes
.bz	Belize		Also unofficially used in the province of Bozen (or South Tyrol, see .st)			Yes	Yes
.ca	Canada		Subject to Canadian Presence Requirements. Also unofficially used by some websites in the U.S. state of California.		French[cctld 4]	Yes	Yes
.cc	Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)		Australian territory: not to be confused with Cocos islands in Guam. Currently marketed as global domain, registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required; the domain is currently operated by eNIC, a VeriSign company.			Yes	Yes
.cd	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Congo, Democratic Republic	Also unofficially used for Compact disc-related domains.			No	Yes
.cf	Central African Republic		Also used as a free domain service to the public.			No	Yes
.cg	Republic of the Congo					No	Yes
.ch	Switzerland	Confoederatio Helvetica			Yes[cctld 5]	Yes	Yes
.ci	Ivory Coast	Côte d'Ivoire				No	Yes
.ck	Cook Islands					No	Yes
.cl	Chile				Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.cm	Cameroon		A local entity/company in Cameroon is required to register a domain name.			No	Yes
.cn	People's Republic of China		A local company in China is required to register a domain name, or for personal registrations a valid Resident Identity Card. See ICP license for more information regarding registrations. Hong Kong and Macau also maintain TLDs. Also unofficially used for Cartoon Network-related domains.		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.co	Colombia		Marketed as a global domain. Anyone can register.			Yes	Yes
.cr	Costa Rica					Yes	Yes
.cu	Cuba					No	Yes
.cv	Cape Verde		Also unofficially used for curriculum vitae-related domains.			No	Yes
.cw	Curaçao (Kingdom of the Netherlands)	Curaçao, West Indies				No	Un­known
.cx	Christmas Island	Christmas Xmas	Made infamous from Goatse.cx			Yes	Yes
.cy	Cyprus					No	No
.cz	Czech Republic				No[cctld 6]	Yes	Yes
.de	Germany	Deutschland	German postal address for administrative contact (admin-c) required. Proxy registrations are allowed.	DENIC	Yes[cctld 7]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.dj	Djibouti		Also unofficially used by disc jockeys.			No	Yes
.dk	Denmark				Yes[cctld 8]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.dm	Dominica					No	Yes
.do	Dominican Republic					No	Yes
.dz	Algeria	El Djazair / Dzayer				Yes	Yes
.ec	Ecuador		In Japan, "EC" is used as an acronym for "electronic commerce". Because of that, it's used unofficially by companies dedicated to provide online stores like BASE, a company that has two domains related to e-commerce: "base.in" and "official.ec".[17]			No	Yes
.ee	Estonia	Eesti			Yes[cctld 9]	Yes	Yes
.eg	Egypt					No	Yes
.eh	Western Sahara	Español Sahara	Unassigned			No	No
.er	Eritrea					No	Yes
.es	Spain	España			Yes[18]	Yes	Yes
.et	Ethiopia					Yes	No
.eu	European Union		Restricted to legal and natural persons in European Union member states. Previously unofficially used for sites in the Basque language, but now .eus is in official use.		Yes[cctld 10]	Yes	Yes	Yes[19]
.fi	Finland		Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required.		Yes[cctld 11]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.fj	Fiji					No	Yes
.fk	Falkland Islands (United Kingdom)					No	No
.fm	Federated States of Micronesia		Also unofficially used by FM radio stations, podcasts or related business.			Yes	Yes
.fo	Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark)	Føroyar				Yes	Yes
.fr	France		Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]		Yes[cctld 13]	Yes	Yes
.ga	Gabon		Also used as a free domain service to the public.			No	Yes
.gd	Grenada					Yes	Yes
.ge	Georgia		Available for registration for residents of Georgia (unlimited) or for foreign companies via representation of any local legal person (one domain name per registrant).[20]		No	No	Yes
.gf	French Guiana (France)	Guyane Française				No
.gg	Guernsey (United Kingdom)	.gu, .gs, and .gy already allocated	Also unofficially used by video game related websites.			No	Yes
.gh	Ghana					No	No
.gi	Gibraltar (United Kingdom)					Yes	Yes
.gl	Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark)		Previously also unofficially used in Galicia, Spain, but now .gal has been approved for such use and was implemented in mid-2014			Yes	Yes
.gm	The Gambia		Domain name should match the domain owners name or trademarks. Common nouns are blocked.			No	Yes
.gn	Guinea		A local contact is required			Yes	No
.gp	Guadeloupe (France)		Still used for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin			No	Yes
.gq	Equatorial Guinea	Guinée équatoriale	Also used as a free domain service to the public.			No
.gr	Greece				Yes[cctld 14]	Yes	Yes
.gs	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom)					Yes	Yes
.gt	Guatemala				Yes	No	Yes	Yes
.gu	Guam (United States)		Registry has been closed since 2017.			No	No
.gw	Guinea-Bissau	Gine-Bisaawo				Yes	Yes
.gy	Guyana					Yes	Yes
.hk	Hong Kong (China)				Yes	Yes	Yes
.hm	Heard Island and McDonald Islands		Unused for its intended purposes (islands are uninhabited and government sites instead use .aq); registry open to the public.			No	Yes
.hn	Honduras					Yes	Yes
.hr	Croatia	Hrvatska				Yes	Yes
.ht	Haiti				Yes	No	Yes
.hu	Hungary		Citizens of the European Union or entities established by law within the territory of the EU		Yes[21]	Yes	Yes
.id	Indonesia		Restricted to Indonesian companies (co.id), organisations (or.id), academic (ac.id & sch.id) and citizens (biz.id, my.id & web.id). Second-level domains are becoming available now and opened to general registration on 17 August 2014.[22]	PANDI (run by Kominfo)	Yes	Yes	Yes
.ie	Ireland		In 2002, registration was expanded to include persons or businesses with a "real and substantive" connection with the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[23][24]		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.il	Israel				Yes	Yes	Yes
.im	Isle of Man (United Kingdom)					No	Yes
.in	India		Under INRegistry since April 2005 (except: gov.in, nic.in, mil.in, ac.in, edu.in, res.in).		Yes [cctld 15]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.io	British Indian Ocean Territory (United Kingdom)		Used unofficially by technology companies, startups, and web applications because IO can be an acronym for input/output that is useful for domain hacks.	NIC.IO (run by Internet Computer Bureau)		Yes	Yes
.iq	Iraq					Partial[25]	Yes
.ir	Iran		In 2014 a US court awarded a group of American and Israeli victims of Iranian terror the rights to the .ir domain, along with all of Iran's IP addresses.[26][27]		Yes	No	Yes
.is	Iceland	Ísland	Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example it.is, that.is, etc.).		Yes	Yes	Yes
.it	Italy		Restricted to companies and individuals in the European Union.		Yes[cctld 16]	Yes[28]	Yes	Yes
.je	Jersey (United Kingdom)					No	Yes
.jm	Jamaica					No	No
.jo	Jordan					No	Yes
.jp	Japan		Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Japan.		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes[29]
.ke	Kenya					Yes	No
.kg	Kyrgyzstan					Yes	Yes
.kh	Cambodia	Khmer				No	No
.ki	Kiribati					Yes	Yes
.km	Comoros	Komori				No	Yes
.kn	Saint Kitts and Nevis					No	Yes
.kp	North Korea	Korea Democratic People's Republic	Restricted to companies, organizations, or government entities based in North Korea. Despite this, few domains are actually registered because of internet censorship in North Korea.			No	No	No
.kr	South Korea	Korea Republic			Yes	Yes	Yes
.kw	Kuwait					Yes	No
.ky	Cayman Islands (United Kingdom)	.ci and .cy already allocated				Yes	Yes
.kz	Kazakhstan					No	Yes
.la	Laos		Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Los Angeles[30]			Yes	Yes
.lb	Lebanon		Restricted to registration with a company in Lebanon			Yes	No
.lc	Saint Lucia	Saint Lucia				Yes	Yes
.li	Liechtenstein		Also unofficially used by entities on Long Island, New York or people with the last name Li. In Russian, li can be used to create domain names that mean a verb with a past tense singular ending li		Yes	Yes	Yes
.lk	Sri Lanka	Lanka			Yes	Yes	Yes
.lr	Liberia					Partial[25]	No
.ls	Lesotho					No	No
.lt	Lithuania				Yes	Yes	Yes
.lu	Luxembourg				Yes	Yes	Yes
.lv	Latvia				Yes	Yes	Yes
.ly	Libya					No	Yes
.ma	Morocco	Maroc				Partial[25]	Yes
.mc	Monaco		Only for companies with a trademark registered in Monaco			Yes	Yes
.md	Moldova		Restricted to individuals or companies with a physical address in Moldova.			Yes	Yes
.me	Montenegro	Montenegro	Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example love.me, meet.me, etc.).			Yes	Yes
.mg	Madagascar		Restricted to registration with a company in Madagascar			No	Yes
.mh	Marshall Islands					No
.mk	North Macedonia	Makedonija	Restricted to registration with a company in North Macedonia			No	Yes
.ml	Mali		Also used as a free domain service to the public.			No	Yes
.mm	Myanmar					No	No
.mn	Mongolia		The second-level domains '.gov.mn', '.org.mn', and '.edu.mn' are reserved for special use. See .mn for more information.			Yes	Yes
.mo	Macau (China)	Macao	Registrants must have a registered business in Macau, with the same name as the domain they wish to register.			No	Yes
.mp	Northern Mariana Islands (United States)	Marianas Pacific				No	Yes
.mq	Martinique (France)					No	No
.mr	Mauritania		Also unofficially used for Mr.-related domains.			Yes	Yes
.ms	Montserrat (United Kingdom)		Also unofficially used for Microsoft-related domains.			No	Yes
.mt	Malta					No	No
.mu	Mauritius					No	Yes
.mv	Maldives					No	Yes
.mw	Malawi					No	Yes
.mx	Mexico					Yes	Yes
.my	Malaysia		Restricted to registration by an individual or company in Malaysia		Yes[cctld 17]	Yes	Yes
.mz	Mozambique					No	No
.na	Namibia					Yes	Yes
.nc	New Caledonia (France)		Restricted to companies that have a New Caledonian Business Registration Certificate or individuals living in New Caledonia for at least 6 months.			Yes	Yes
.ne	Niger		Also unofficially used and marketed as a Lithuanian-language domain hack (for example o.ne, kaip.ne, etc.)			No	Yes
.nf	Norfolk Island					Yes	Yes
.ng	Nigeria					No	Yes
.ni	Nicaragua					No	No
.nl	Netherlands		First active country-code domain outside the US.[31]		No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.no	Norway		Businesses and professionals must be registered as an approved type of organization in the Brønnøysund Register Centre. Individual applicants must be of age (18 years) and be registered in Folkeregisteret. All applicants must have a Norwegian postal address. Also unofficially used and marketed as a domain hack (for example oh.no, what.no, etc.).		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.np	Nepal		All .np domains are free to register for individuals and registered businesses. Foreign businesses must provide proof of local presence in Nepal.			No	No
.nr	Nauru		Was previously used as a free domain service to the public as co.nr.[32]			No	Yes
.nu	Niue		Commonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages "nu" means "now".		Yes[cctld 18]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.nz	New Zealand				Māori[cctld 19]	Yes	Yes[33]	Yes
.om	Oman		Registrant must have company or trademark registered in Oman as well as a local administrative contact.			Yes	No
.pa	Panama					No	No
.pe	Peru				Yes	Yes	Yes
.pf	French Polynesia (France)	Polynésie française	With Clipperton Island			No	Yes
.pg	Papua New Guinea					No	No
.ph	Philippines					No	Yes
.pk	Pakistan		Operated by PKNIC since 1992			No	Yes
.pl	Poland				Yes[cctld 20]	Yes	Yes
.pm	Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (France)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]		Yes	Yes
.pn	Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom)		As a part of a marketing campaign, Lionsgate used the TLD for some (now defunct) sites related to The Hunger Games franchise, presenting it as the "official" country code of the fictional nation of Panem, notable sites included thecapitol.pn and revolution.pn.			No	Yes
.pr	Puerto Rico (United States)					Yes	Yes
.ps	Palestine[34]		Jerusalem, West Bank and Gaza Strip.			No	Yes
.pt	Portugal				Portuguese	Yes	Yes	Yes[35]
.pw	Palau	Pelew			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes[36]
.py	Paraguay					No	No
.qa	Qatar					No	No
.re	Réunion (France)		Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]		Yes[cctld 13]	Yes	Yes
.ro	Romania				Yes[37]	Yes[38]	Yes	Yes[39]
.rs	Serbia	Republika Srbija	See also .срб (.srb in Cyrillic). Also unofficially used for Rust (programming language)-related domains.		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.ru	Russia		See also .su, still in use, and .рф, for IDN.		No	Yes	Yes	Yes
.rw	Rwanda					No	Yes
.sa	Saudi Arabia		Registrant must have a registered trademark in Saudi Arabia matching the domain name to register or provide company incorporation documents of a company in Saudi Arabia or for personal registrations a copy of valid ID. A letter on the official letterhead of your organization addressed to SaudiNIC requesting the domain name registration is also required. Local administrative contact required. 2LD registrations rolled out in 2011.[40]		Arabic[11]	Yes[41]	Yes	Yes[42]
.sb	Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands, British	Also unofficially used for SpongeBob SquarePants-related domains.			Yes	No
.sc	Seychelles		Also unofficially used for Snapchat-related domains.			Yes	Yes
.sd	Sudan					No	Yes
.se	Sweden				Yes[cctld 21]	Yes	Yes	Yes
.sg	Singapore		Also unofficially used in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland			Yes	Yes
.sh	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)			NIC.SH (run by Internet Computer Bureau)	Yes[cctld 22]	Yes	Yes
.si	Slovenia				Yes[cctld 23]	Yes	Yes
.sk	Slovakia		Restricted to Slovak companies, organisations and citizens.			Yes	Yes	Yes
.sl	Sierra Leone					Yes	Yes
.sm	San Marino		Domain name must be same as company name or trademark.			No	Yes
.sn	Senegal		Registration allowed for companies only. Individuals are not allowed to register.			Yes	Yes
.so	Somalia		Relaunched on 1 November 2010.		No	No	Yes
.sr	Suriname					No	Yes
.ss	South Sudan		Added to the DNS root zone in February 2019. Registry is not yet available.			Yes
.st	São Tomé and Príncipe		Also unofficially used in South Tyrol (or province of Bozen, see .bz).			No	Yes
.su	Soviet Union		Still in use. Also unofficially used by Student Unions.		Yes[cctld 24]	Yes	Yes	Yes[cctld 25]
.sv	El Salvador					No	No
.sx	Sint Maarten (Kingdom of the Netherlands)	.si, .sm, and .ms already allocated				Yes	No
.sy	Syria					No	Yes
.sz	Eswatini	Swaziland	Registration is restricted to Eswatini organizations with Eswatini Trading Licenses.			No	No
.tc	Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom)		Also marketed in Turkey. The official abbreviation of 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti' (Republic of Turkey) is TC.			No	Yes
.td	Chad	Tchad	Available for registration to entities connected with Chad only.			No	Yes
.tf	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	Terres australes et antarctiques françaises	Seldom used. Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Domains must be longer than two characters. It has also been adopted by the community of the game Team Fortress 2.[cctld 12]		Yes[cctld 13]	Yes	Yes
.tg	Togo					No	Yes
.th	Thailand				Yes	Yes	No
.tj	Tajikistan					No	Yes
.tk	Tokelau		Also used as a free domain service to the public.			No	Yes
.tl	East Timor	Timor-Leste	Old code .tp is deactivated since 2015.			Yes	Yes
.tm	Turkmenistan				Yes[cctld 26]	Yes	Yes
.tn	Tunisia		Currently being marketed as the unofficial domain for Tamil Nadu [43]		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
.to	Tonga		Often used unofficially for Torrent, Turin (Torino in Italian), Toronto, Tokyo, or Tocantins, and also as a domain hack in Slavic languages (to meaning it).		Yes	No	Yes
.tr	Turkey		.nc.tr used by Northern Cyprus		Yes[cctld 27]	No	Yes	Yes[44]
.tt	Trinidad and Tobago					Yes	Yes
.tv	Tuvalu		Used as an abbreviation of television, the domain is currently operated by dotTV, a VeriSign company; the Tuvalu government owns twenty percent of the company.			Yes	Yes
.tw	Taiwan		Registration allowed worldwide, local presence not required. In line with ISO 3166-1, IANA's official position is that "TW" is "designated for use to represent "Taiwan."[45]		Yes[cctld 28]	Yes	Yes
.tz	Tanzania		Must have a presence in Tanzania			Yes	No
.ua	Ukraine	Ukraina	Ukrainian trademark required			Yes	Yes
.ug	Uganda					Yes	Yes
.uk	United Kingdom		The ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB. UK is a specially reserved ISO 3166-1 code. However, the creation of the .uk TLD predates the ISO 3166-1 list of ccTLD and is the primary TLD for the United Kingdom.[46]	Nominet UK		Yes	Yes	Yes
.us	United States of America		Registrants must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Formerly commonly used by U.S. State and local governments, see also .gov TLD.	Neustar		Yes	Yes
.uy	Uruguay		2LD rollout began on 10 July 2012.[47]			Yes	Yes
.uz	Uzbekistan					No	Yes
.va	Vatican City		Limited to the official sites of the Holy See (including those of the Vatican City State).			No	No
.vc	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Vincent				Partial[25]	Yes
.ve	Venezuela		Registration is at the third level.			Yes	No
.vg	British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)	Virgin Islands				Yes	Yes
.vi	United States Virgin Islands (United States)	Virgin Islands				No	Yes
.vn	Vietnam				Yes[cctld 29]	Yes	Yes
.vu	Vanuatu					Yes	Yes
.wf	Wallis and Futuna		Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]		Yes[cctld 13]	Yes	Yes
.ws	Samoa	Western Samoa	Marketed for use in general Websites		Yes	Yes[48]	Yes
.ye	Yemen					No	No
.yt	Mayotte	Mayotte	Restricted to individuals and companies in European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.[cctld 12]Also unofficially used for YouTube-related domains.		Yes[cctld 13]	Yes	Yes
.za	South Africa	Zuid-Afrika				Yes	Yes
.zm	Zambia					No	Yes[cctld 30]
.zw	Zimbabwe					No	No

Notes

Internationalized country code top-level domains

Internationalized country code top-level domains^[49]

DNS name	IDN ccTLD	Country/Region	Language	Script	Transliteration	Comments	Other ccTLD	DNSSEC
xn--lgbbat1ad8j	.الجزائر	Algeria	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	al-Jazā'ir		.dz	No
xn--y9a3aq	.հայ	Armenia	Armenian	Armenian	hay		.am	Yes
xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a	.البحرين	Bahrain	Arabic	Arabic	al-Bahrain	Not in use	.bh	No
xn--54b7fta0cc	.বাংলা	Bangladesh	Bengali	Bengali	Bangla		.bd	Yes
xn--90ais	.бел	Belarus	Belarusian	Cyrillic	bel		.by	No
xn--90ae	.бг[50]	Bulgaria	Bulgarian	Cyrillic	bg		.bg	No
xn--fiqs8s	.中国	China	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Zhōngguó		.cn	Yes
xn--fiqz9s	.中國	China	Chinese	Chinese (Traditional)	Zhōngguó		.cn	Yes
xn--wgbh1c	.مصر	Egypt	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Miṣr / Maṣr[51]		.eg	Yes
xn--e1a4c	.ею	European Union	Bulgarian	Cyrillic	eyu		.eu	Yes
xn--qxa6a	.ευ	European Union	Greek	Greek	ey	Not in use	.eu
xn--node	.გე	Georgia	Georgian	Georgian (Mkhedruli)	GE		.ge	No
xn--qxam	.ελ[50]	Greece	Greek	Greek	el	In use since July 2018	.gr	No
xn--j6w193g	.香港	Hong Kong	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	Hoeng1 gong2		.hk	Yes
xn--h2brj9c	.भारत	India	Hindi	Devanagari	Bhārat	Became available 27 August 2014[52]	.in	Yes
xn--mgbbh1a71e	.بھارت	India	Urdu	Arabic (Urdu)	Bhārat	Became available 2017	.in	Yes
xn--fpcrj9c3d	.భారత్	India	Telugu	Telugu	Bhārata	Became available 2017	.in	Yes
xn--gecrj9c	.ભારત	India	Gujarati	Gujarati	Bhārat	Became available 2017	.in	Yes
xn--s9brj9c	.ਭਾਰਤ	India	Punjabi	Gurmukhī	Bhārat	Became available 2017	.in	Yes
xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h	.இந்தியா	India	Tamil	Tamil	Intiyā	Became available 2015	.in	Yes
xn--45brj9c	.ভারত	India	Bengali	Bengali	Bharôt	Became available 2017	.in	Yes
xn--2scrj9c	.ಭಾರತ	India	Kannada	Kannada	Bhārata	Became available 2020	.in
xn--rvc1e0am3e	.ഭാരതം	India	Malayalam	Malayalam	Bhāratam	Became available 2020	.in
xn--45br5cyl	.ভাৰত	India	Assamese	Bengali	Bharatam	Not in use	.in
xn--3hcrj9c	.ଭାରତ	India	Oriya	Oriya	Bhārat	Not in use	.in
xn--mgbbh1a	.بارت	India	Kashmiri	Arabic (Kashmiri)	Bārat	Not in use	.in
xn--h2breg3eve	.भारतम्	India	Sanskrit	Devanagari	Bhāratam	Not in use	.in
xn--h2brj9c8c	.भारोत	India	Santali	Devanagari	Bharot	Not in use	.in
xn--mgbgu82a	.ڀارت	India	Sindhi	Arabic (Sindhi)	Bhārat	Not in use	.in
xn--mgba3a4f16a	.ایران	Iran	Persian	Arabic (Persian)	Īrān		.ir	No
xn--mgbtx2b	.عراق	Iraq	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	ʿIrāq	Not in use	.iq	No
xn--4dbrk0ce	.ישראל	Israel	Hebrew	Hebrew	Israel	Not in use	.il	No
xn--mgbayh7gpa	.الاردن	Jordan	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	al-Urdun		.jo	No
xn--80ao21a	.қаз	Kazakhstan	Kazakh	Cyrillic (Kazakh)	qaz		.kz	No
xn--q7ce6a	.ລາວ	Laos	Lao	Lao	Lao	Became available 2020	.la
xn--mix082f	.澳门	Macao	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Ou3 mun4 / Àomén	Not in use	.mo	No
xn--mix891f	.澳門	Macao	Chinese	Chinese (Traditional)	Ou3 mun4 / Àomén	Became available 2020	.mo	No
xn--mgbx4cd0ab	.مليسيا	Malaysia	Malay	Arabic (Jawi)	Malaysīyā		.my	Yes
xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd	.موريتانيا	Mauritania	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Mūrītāniyā		.mr	No
xn--l1acc	.мон	Mongolia	Mongolian	Cyrillic (Mongolian)	mon		.mn	Yes
xn--mgbc0a9azcg	.المغرب	Morocco	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	al-Maġrib		.ma	No
xn--d1alf	.мкд	North Macedonia	Macedonian	Cyrillic (Macedonian)	mkd		.mk	No
xn--mgb9awbf	.عمان	Oman	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	ʿUmān		.om	No
xn--mgbai9azgqp6j	.پاکستان	Pakistan	Urdu	Arabic (Urdu)	Pākistān		.pk	Yes
xn--ygbi2ammx	.فلسطين	Palestinian Authority	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Filasṭīn		.ps	No
xn--wgbl6a	.قطر	Qatar	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Qaṭar		.qa	No
xn--p1ai	.рф	Russia	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	rf		.ru	Yes
xn--mgberp4a5d4ar	.السعودية	Saudi Arabia	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	as-Suʿūdīya		.sa	Yes[41]
xn--90a3ac	.срб	Serbia	Serbian	Cyrillic (Serbian)	srb		.rs	No
xn--yfro4i67o	.新加坡	Singapore	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	Xīnjiāpō		.sg	Yes
xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd	.சிங்கப்பூர்	Singapore	Tamil	Tamil	Cinkappūr		.sg	Yes
xn--3e0b707e	.한국	South Korea	Korean	Hangul	Han-guk		.kr	Yes
xn--fzc2c9e2c	.ලංකා	Sri Lanka	Sinhala	Sinhala	Lanka		.lk	Partial[25]
xn--xkc2al3hye2a	.இலங்கை	Sri Lanka	Tamil	Tamil	Ilaṅkai		.lk	Partial[25]
xn--mgbpl2fh	.سودان	Sudan	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Sūdān		.sd	No
xn--ogbpf8fl	.سورية	Syria	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Sūriyya		.sy	Yes
xn--kprw13d	.台湾	Taiwan	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Táiwān		.tw	Yes
xn--kpry57d	.台灣	Taiwan	Chinese	Chinese (Traditional)	Táiwān		.tw	Yes
xn--o3cw4h	.ไทย	Thailand	Thai	Thai	Thai		.th	Yes
xn--pgbs0dh	.تونس	Tunisia	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Tūnis		.tn	Yes
xn--j1amh	.укр	Ukraine	Ukrainian	Cyrillic (Ukrainian)	ukr		.ua	No
xn--mgbaam7a8h	.امارات	United Arab Emirates	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	Imārāt		.ae	No
xn--mgb2ddes	.اليمن	Yemen	Arabic	Arabic (Arabic)	al-Yaman	Not delegated	.ye	No

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs

Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.

ICANN-era generic top-level domains

• Name: DNS name
• Target market: intended use
• Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
• Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

English

A

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.academy	academic institutes	—	Donuts[donuts 1]	Yes	Yes
.accountant	accountants and accounting firms	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.accountants	accountants and accounting firms	—	Donuts[donuts 2]	Yes	Yes
.active	general	—	The Active Network	Un­known	Yes
.actor	actors	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.ads	advertising		Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.adult	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	ICM Registry	Yes	Yes
.aero	air-transport industry	Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register.	SITA	No	No
.africa	African and pan-African topics, African Union	—	ZA Central Registry	Un­known	Yes
.agency	business associations	—	Donuts[donuts 3]	Yes[11]	Yes
.airforce	defense contractors	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.amazon		Reserved for Amazon	Amazon
.analytics		Reserved for SAS Institute	Campus IP LLC[54]
.apartments	apartments	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.app	Apps[55]	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.apple	Apple[56]	—	Apple
.archi	architects and architect firms[57]	Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[58]	STARTING DOT LIMITED	Un­known	Yes
.army	defense contractors	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.art	artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors	—	UK Creative Ideas	Yes	Yes
.associates	business associations	—	Donuts[donuts 4]	Yes	Yes
.attorney	attorneys and legal organizations	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.auction	auctions	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.audible		Reserved for Audible	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.audio	stereo/sound systems, music	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.author	writers and authors		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.auto	vehicles		Cars Registry Limited[54]
.autos	vehicles	—	DERAutos	Un­known	Yes
.aws		Reserved for Amazon Web Services	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

B

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.baby			Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.[54]
.band		—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.bank	banks	Restricted to banks and savings associations	fTLD Registry Services, LLC	Un­known	Yes
.bar	Bars and related industry	—	Punto 2012	Yes	Yes
.barefoot		Reserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc.	Gallo Vineyards, Inc.[54]
.bargains	coupons and online sellers	—	Donuts[donuts 5]	Yes	Yes
.baseball	baseball		MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC[54]
.basketball	basketball		Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)[54]
.beauty	beauty products and services		L'Oréal[54]
.beer	breweries and beer aficionados	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.best		—	BestTLD Pty Ltd	Un­known	Yes
.bestbuy		Reserved for Best Buy	BBY Solutions, Inc.[54]
.bet	gambling		Afilias plc[54]
.bible		Respect for "the Bible", "God as He is revealed in the Bible", and "orthodox" Christianity[60][61]	American Bible Society[54]
.bid	auctions	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Yes	Yes
.bike	bicycles	—	Donuts[donuts 6]	Yes[62]	Yes
.bingo	bingo	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.bio	Organic agriculture[63]	Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture.[64][65]	Afilias[66]	Un­known	Yes
.biz	business	Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken.	NeuStar	Yes[11]	Yes
.black	those who like the color black[67]	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.blackfriday	Black Friday, retail	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.blockbuster		Reserved for Blockbuster LLC	Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.blog	Blogs	—	Automattic[68]	Un­known	Yes
.blue	those who like the color blue[69]	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.boo	—	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.book	books		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.boots		Reserved for Boots Company Ltd	THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC[54]
.boston	websites related to the city of Boston, Massachusetts USA		Boston TLD Management, LLC[54]	Un­known	Yes
.bot		Restricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots) Amazon allows users to contact them if they have a bot outside of these frameworks. [70]	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.boutique	specialized businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 7]	Yes	Yes
.box	individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage	—	NS1 Limited	Yes	Yes
.broadway	Broadway theatre		Celebrate Broadway, Inc.[54]
.broker			DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD[54]
.build	construction industry	Open Top Level Domain—[71]	Plan Bee LLC	Yes	Yes
.builders	construction workers	—	Donuts[donuts 8]	Yes	Yes
.business	businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 9]	Yes	Yes
.buy	sales		Amazon Registry Services, INC[54]
.buzz	marketing and social networking	—	DOTSTRATEGY	Yes	Yes

C

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.cab	cabs and taxi companies	—	Donuts[donuts 10]	Yes	Yes
.cafe	coffee industry	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.call			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.cam	entertainment[72]	—	Acwebconnecting—[73]	Yes	Yes
.camera	camera-related businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 11]	Yes	Yes
.camp	camps and camping	—	Donuts[donuts 12]	Yes	Yes
.cancerresearch	Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research[74]	—	Australian Cancer Research Foundation	Un­known	Yes
.capital	financial firms	—	Donuts[donuts 13]	Yes	Yes
.car	vehicles		Cars Registry Limited[54]
.cards	general	—	Donuts[donuts 14]	Yes	Yes
.care	healthcare industry	—	Donuts[donuts 15]	Yes	Yes
.career	jobs and job-searching	—	dotCareer LLC	Yes	Yes
.careers	Employment	—	Donuts[donuts 16]	Yes	Yes
.cars	Automotive	—	Uniregistry	Yes	Yes
.case		Reserved for CNH Industrial	CNH Industrial N.V.[54]
.cash	financial	—	Donuts[donuts 17]	Yes	Yes
.casino	casinos	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.catering	Food service	—	Donuts[donuts 18]	Yes	Yes
.catholic	Catholicism		Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[54]
.center	general	—	Donuts[donuts 19]	Yes	Yes
.cern	CERN	—	CERN	Un­known	Un­known
.ceo	CEOs	—[75]	CEOTLD Pty Ltd	Un­known	Yes
.cfd	contracts for difference trading	Reserved for IG Group Holdings plc	DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD[54]
.channel		—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.chat	online chat	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.cheap	Resellers	—	Donuts[donuts 20]	Yes	Yes
.christmas	Christmas	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.church	churches	—	Donuts[donuts 21]	Yes	Yes
.circle			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.city	general	—	Donuts[donuts 22]	Yes	Yes
.claims	retail, auctions	—	Donuts[donuts 23]	Yes	Yes
.cleaning	Cleaning services	—	Donuts[donuts 24]	Yes	Yes
.click		—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.clinic	healthcare clinics	—	Donuts[donuts 25]	Yes	Yes
.clothing	Apparel	—	Donuts[donuts 26]	Yes	Yes
.cloud		—	Aruba S.p.A.
.club	groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general	—[76]	.CLUB DOMAINS	Yes[77]	Yes
.coach	travel (flights and motor coaches)	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.codes	computer and/or encryption code enthusiasts	—	Donuts[donuts 27]	Yes	Yes
.coffee	cafés and coffee aficionados	—	Donuts[donuts 28]	Yes	Yes
.college	Educational	—	XYZ.com	Yes	Yes
.community	social groups, neighborhoods	—	Donuts[donuts 29]	Yes	Yes
.company	business associations	—	Donuts[donuts 30]	Yes	Yes
.compare		Reserved for iSelect Ltd	iSelect Ltd[54]
.computer	Technology	—	Donuts[donuts 31]	Yes	Yes
.condos	Real estate	—	Donuts[donuts 32]	Yes	Yes
.construction	Construction industry	—	Donuts[donuts 33]	Yes	Yes
.consulting	hired advisors	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.contact			Top Level Spectrum, Inc.[54]
.contractors	Remodeling and independent businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 34]	Yes	Yes
.cooking	sharing recipes	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.cool	General interests	—	Donuts[donuts 35]	Yes	Yes
.coop	cooperatives	The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles.	DotCooperation	No	Yes
.country	general	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.coupon	discounts and rebates		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.coupons	coupons	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.courses	education		Open Universities Australia Pty Ltd[54]
.cpa	accountants and accounting firms	Restricted to licensed CPAs and CPA firms	American Institute of Certified Public Accountants	Un­known	Yes
.credit	Financial institutions	—	Donuts[donuts 36]	Yes	Yes
.creditcard	Financial institutions	—	Donuts[donuts 37]	Yes	Yes
.cruise	cruise vacationing		Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.[54]
.cricket	cricket	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.cruises	cruise businesses and travel	—	Donuts[donuts 38]	Yes	Yes

D

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.dad	families	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.dance	Dance studios and companies	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.data			Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.date	online dating	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.dating	online dating	—	Donuts[donuts 39]	Yes	Yes
.day	general	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.deal	sales		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.deals	online shopping and couponing	—	Donuts[donuts 40]	Yes	Yes
.degree	general	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.delivery	general	—	Donuts[donuts 41]	Yes	Yes
.democrat	Democratic Party politics	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.dental	dentists	—	Donuts[donuts 42]	Yes	Yes
.dentist	dentists	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.design	graphic art and fashion	—	Top Level Design	Yes	Yes
.dev	development	—	Google	Un­known	Yes
.diamonds	diamond and jewelry industry	—	Donuts[donuts 43]	Yes	Yes
.diet	dieting and dietary	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.digital	general	—	Donuts[donuts 44]	Yes	Yes
.direct	general	—	Donuts[donuts 45]	Un­known	Yes
.directory	general directory	—	Donuts[donuts 46]	Yes	Yes
.discount	general	—	Donuts[donuts 47]	Yes	Yes
.diy	do-it-yourself		Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.docs			Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.doctor	doctors and medical professionals		Brice Trail, LLC[54]
.dog	dog stores and owners	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.domains	domain registries	—	Donuts[donuts 48]	Yes	Yes
.dot			Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.download	technology	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.drive	vehicles		Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.duck		Reserved for Duck®	Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[54]

E

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.earth			Interlink Co., Ltd.[54]
.eat	restaurants and foodies	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.eco	Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals.[78]	Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action.[79]	Big Room Inc.[80]	No	Yes
.education	educational institutes	—	Donuts[donuts 49]	Yes	Yes
.email	email	—	Donuts[donuts 50]	Yes	Yes
.energy	energy industry and marketing	—	Donuts[donuts 51]	Yes	Yes
.engineer	engineers and engineering firms	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.engineering	engineering firms	—	Donuts[donuts 52]	Yes	Yes
.edeka	edeka firms	—	EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.	Yes	Yes
.enterprises	business associations	—	Donuts[donuts 53]	Yes	Yes
.equipment	equipment-related businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 54]	Yes	Yes
.esq	lawyers, law firms, legal professionals	To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[81]	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.estate	real estate businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 55]	Yes	Yes
.events	happenings	—	Donuts[donuts 56]	Yes	Yes
.exchange	generic trade	—	Donuts[donuts 57]	Yes	Yes
.expert	generic expertise	—	Donuts[donuts 58]	Yes	Yes
.exposed	general interest	—	Donuts[donuts 59]	Yes	Yes
.express	shipping	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

F

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.fail	criticism, editorializing, providing input or satire	—	Donuts[donuts 60]	Un­known	Yes
.faith	religion and churches	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.family	families	—		Un­known	Yes
.fan			Asiamix Digital Ltd[54]
.fans	general	—		Un­known	Yes
.farm	farms and agriculture	—	Donuts[donuts 61]	Yes	Yes
.fashion	clothing industry	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.fast			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.feedback	feedback and reviews	—	Top Level Spectrum	Un­known	Yes
.fiat		Only FIAT S.P.A. and its Affiliates (and qualifying Trademark Licensees as defined in, and in accordance with Specification 13 of the Registry Agreement (“Specification 13”) where applicable) are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .FIAT TLD.[82]	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.[83]	Un­known	Yes
.film	films		Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd[54]
.final	final versions of anything		Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br[54]
.finance	financial	—	Donuts[donuts 62]	Yes	Yes
.financial	financial	—	Donuts[donuts 63]	Yes	Yes
.fire		Reserved for Amazon (promotion of Fire devices)	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.fish	fishing businesses, sports, and interests	—	Donuts[donuts 64]	Yes	Yes
.fishing	fishing businesses, sports, and interests	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.fit	Fitness and exercise	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.fitness	Fitness and exercise	—	Donuts[donuts 65]	Yes	Yes
.flights	airline businesses and travel	—	Donuts[donuts 66]	Yes	Yes
.florist	florists	—	Donuts[donuts 67]	Yes	Yes
.flowers	florists and gardens	—	Uniregistry	Yes	Yes
.fly	travel	To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[84]	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.foo	web development	—[85]	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.food			Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.foodnetwork		Reserved for Food Network	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.football	soccer and American football	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.forsale	online retail	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.forum	forums		Fegistry, LLC[54]
.foundation	charitable organizations	—	Donuts[donuts 68]	Yes	Yes
.free	sales		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.frontdoor			Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.fun		—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Un­known
.fund	financial	—	Donuts[donuts 69]	Yes	Yes
.furniture	furniture businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 70]	Yes	Yes
.futbol	association football	—
.fyi	"for your information"	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

G

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.gallery	photo and art galleries	—	Donuts[donuts 71]	Yes	Yes
.game	gaming		Uniregistry, Corp.[54]
.games	gaming		United TLD Holdco Ltd.[54]
.garden	gardening	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.gay	gay individuals or supportive organisations	—	Top Level Design [n 4]	Yes	Yes [86]
.gdn	general	—	GDN Registry	Un­known	Un­known
.gift	gift-giving	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.gifts	gift-giving	—	Donuts[donuts 72]	Yes	Yes
.gives	charities and gift-giving	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.glass	window sales and repairs	—	Donuts[donuts 73]	Yes	Yes
.gle	Google abbreviations	In use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as forms.gle and goo.gle.	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (a Google subsidiary)[87]	Un­known	Yes
.global	general	—	Dot GLOBAL	Yes	Yes
.gold	gold and luxury	—	Donuts	Un­known	Yes
.golf	golf	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.google	Google	In use for some websites related to Google such as blog.google.	Alphabet Inc.	Un­known	Yes
.gop	Republican Party politics	—	Republican State Leadership Committee	Spanish[88]	Yes
.graphics	graphics	—	Donuts[donuts 74]	Yes	Yes
.green	the environmentally-focused	"As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[89]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.gripe	opinion sites	—	Donuts[donuts 75]	Yes	Yes
.grocery	grocery stores		Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.[54]
.group			Romeo Town, LLC[54]
.guide	help sites	—	Donuts[donuts 76]	Yes	Yes
.guitars	Guitars	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.guru	generic expertise	—	Donuts[donuts 77]	Yes[90]	Yes

H

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.hair	haircare products and services		L'Oreal[54]
.hangout		Reserved for Google Hangouts	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.health	health and related topics		DotHealth, LLC[54]
.healthcare	healthcare industry	—	Donuts[donuts 78]	Un­known	Yes
.help	help sites	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.here	generic geographic	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.hiphop	Hip hop culture	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.hiv	AIDS and HIV	—	dotHIV	Un­known	Yes
.hockey	hockey	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.holdings	real estate or financial business	—	Donuts[donuts 79]	Yes	Yes
.holiday	holiday gift industry	—	Donuts[donuts 80]	Yes	Yes
.homegoods		Reserved for HomeGoods	The TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.homes	real estate professionals	—	Dominion Enterprises	Un­known	Yes
.homesense		Reserved for HomeSense	The TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.horse	horse-related businesses and interest	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.hospital	hospitals and healthcare centres		Ruby Pike, LLC[54]
.host	network companies	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.hosting		—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.hot			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.hotels	hotels and hospitality services		Booking.com B.V.[54]
.house	real estate and construction businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 81]	Yes	Yes
.how	how-to guides	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes

I

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.ice		Reserved for Intercontinental Exchange	IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.[54]
.icu	entrepreneurs and business owners	—	ShortDot SA
.industries	industrial businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 82]	Yes	Yes
.info	information	—	Afilias	German[11]	Yes
.ing	Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing".	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.ink	creative printing or tattooing[91]	—	Top Level Design	Yes	Yes
.institute[92]		—	Donuts[donuts 83]	Yes	Yes
.insurance	insurance companies		fTLD Registry Services LLC[54]
.insure	insurance companies	—	Donuts[donuts 84]	Yes	Yes
.international	international entities	—	Donuts[donuts 85]	Yes	Yes
.investments	financial	—	Donuts[donuts 86]	Yes	Yes

J

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.jewelry	jewelry stores	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.jobs	Employment	For websites with job opportunities and job listings.[93]	Employ Media	No	Yes
.joy			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

K

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.kim	Kim (Korean surname)	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.kitchen	food industry and remodeling	—	Donuts[donuts 87]	Yes	Yes

L

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.land	real estate	—	Donuts[donuts 88]	Yes	Yes
.lat	for Latin American communities and users wherever they may reside		ECOM-LAC[54]
.law	practitioners and educators in law	Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators.[94]	Minds + Machines Group Limited[54]
.lawyer	lawyers and legal organizations	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.lease	financing	—	Donuts[donuts 89]	Yes	Yes
.legal	lawyers and legal organizations	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.lgbt	the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community	"Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community."[95]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.life	general	—	Donuts[donuts 90]	Yes	Yes
.lifeinsurance	life insurance		American Council of Life Insurers[54]
.lighting	lighting	—	Donuts[donuts 91]	Yes	Yes
.like			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.limited	limited companies and private companies limited by shares	—	Donuts[donuts 92]	Yes	Yes
.limo	limousine businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 93]	Yes	Yes
.link	connecting to information[96]	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.live			United TLD Holdco Ltd.[54]
.living			Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[54]
.loan	banks and lenders	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.loans	banks and lenders	—	Donuts[donuts 94]	Yes	Yes
.locker		Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation	Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.lol	LOL: laughing out loud	—	Uniregistry[97]	Un­known	Yes
.lotto	lottery	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.love	dating sites	—		Un­known	Yes
.ltd	limited companies and private companies limited by shares	—	Donuts	Un­known	Yes
.luxury	businesses catering to the wealthy	—	Luxury Partners	Yes	Yes

M

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.makeup	cosmetics products and retailers		L'Oréal[54]
.management	business management	—	Donuts[donuts 95]	Yes	Yes
.map	maps and navigation		Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]	No
.market	marketing services and retailers	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.marketing	marketing services	—	Donuts[donuts 96]	Yes	Yes
.markets	financial and stock markets	—	IG Group	Un­known	Yes
.mba	Masters in Business Administration	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.med	medicine and related topics		Medistry LLC[54]
.media	general media interests	—	Donuts[donuts 97]	Yes	Yes
.meet	social gatherings, meeting new people	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.meme	Internet memes	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.memorial	memorial sites	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.men	men	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.menu	restaurants	—	Wedding TLD2	Yes	Yes
.mint		Reserved for Intuit Mint	Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.[54]
.mobi	mobile devices	Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards.	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.mobile			Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.mobily		Reserved for Mobily	GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[54]
.moe	Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang)	—	Interlink	Yes	Yes
.mom			Uniregistry, Corp.[54]
.money	financial	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.monster	organizations	—	xyz.com	Yes	Yes
.mortgage	mortgage lenders	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.motorcycles	motorcycles	—	DERMotorcycles	Un­known	Yes
.mov	digital video	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.movie	movies and cinemas	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.museum	museums	Must be verified as a legitimate museum.	Museum Domain Management Association	Latin script[11]	Yes
.music	Music dissemination and appreciation	—	Under contention

N

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.name	individuals, by name	Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter.	Verisign	Yes[11]	Yes
.navy	defense contractors	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.network	general	—	Donuts[donuts 98]	Yes	Yes
.new	websites where people can create something	The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website.	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.news	news sites	—		Un­known	Yes
.ngo	Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong.	Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.	Public Interest Registry	Un­known	Yes
.ninja	general expertise		Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.now			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.ntt	businesses	Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Refer to the .ntt Registration Policies page for more information.	Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation.[54]	Un­known

O

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.observer		Reserved for The Observer	Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
.off		Reserved for Off!	Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[54]
.org	general	—	Public Interest Registry
.one	general	—	.one (top-level domain)	Un­known	Yes
.ong	Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo.	Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.	Public Interest Registry	Un­known	Yes
.onl	short for "online"	—	I-REGISTRY	Un­known	Yes
.online	generic	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.ooo	general	—	Infibeam	No	Yes
.open	private to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees"[98]		American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[54]
.organic	organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc.	Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[99]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.origins		Reserved for Origins	The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[54]

P

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.page		Reserved for Google and related content	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.partners	businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 99]	Yes	Yes
.parts	manufacturing and consumer auto	—	Donuts[donuts 100]	Yes	Yes
.party	nightclubs and social gatherings	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.pay	electronic payments		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.pet	animals and pets		Afilias plc[54]
.pharmacy	pharmacies	"All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[100]	National Association of Boards of Pharmacy	Un­known	Yes
.phone			Dish DBS Corporation[54]
.photo	photography and photo-sharing	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.photography	photography and photo-sharing	—	Donuts[donuts 101]	Yes	Yes
.photos	photography and photo-sharing	—	Donuts[donuts 102]	Yes	Yes
.physio	physical therapists	Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[101][102]	PhysBiz	Un­known	Yes
.pics	photography and photo-sharing	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.pictures	photography and photo-sharing	—	Donuts[donuts 103]	Yes	Yes
.pid		—	Top Level Spectrum	Un­known	Yes
.pin			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.pink	those who like the color pink	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.pizza	pizza parlors	—	Donuts[donuts 104]	Yes	Yes
.place	general	—	Donuts[donuts 105]	Yes	Yes
.plumbing	plumbing businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 106]	Yes	Yes
.plus	generic	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.poker	Poker players and sites	—	Afilias[n 5]	Un­known	Yes
.porn	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.		Yes	Yes
.post	postal services	The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[103]	Universal Postal Union	No[104]	Yes
.press	publishing and journalism	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.prime		Reserved for Amazon Prime	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.pro	professions/professionals	—	Registry Services Corporation	No	Yes
.productions	studio/art businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 107]	Yes	Yes
.prof	Professors, teachers and learning	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.promo	advertising		Afilias plc[54]
.properties	real estate	—	Donuts[donuts 108]	Yes	Yes
.property	real estate	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.protection	security		XYZ.COM LLC[54]
.pub	bars and pubs	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes

Q

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.qpon	coupons	—	dotCOOL	Un­known	Yes

R

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.racing	racing	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.radio	radio stations		European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[54]
.read	ebook websites		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.realestate	real estate		dotRealEstate LLC[54]
.realtor	realtors	To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[105]	Real Estate Domains	Un­known	Yes
.realty	realty and housing		Fegistry, LLC[54]
.recipes	recipes and cooking	—	Donuts[donuts 109]	Yes	Yes
.red	those who like the color red[106] Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'.	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.rehab	rehab centers and support sites	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.reit	real estate investment trusts	Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[107]	National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts	Un­known	Yes
.rent	Real estate professionals and small businesses	—	xyz.xyz	Un­known	Yes
.rentals	short-term ownership	—	Donuts[donuts 110]	Yes	Yes
.repair	general repair/maintenance businesses	—	Donuts[donuts 111]	Yes	Yes
.report	business services	—	Donuts[donuts 112]	Yes	Yes
.republican	Republican Party politics	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.rest	Restaurants and related industry	—	Punto 2012	Yes[108]	Yes
.restaurant	restaurants	—	Donuts[donuts 113]	Yes	Yes
.review	public reviews	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.reviews	public reviews	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rich	businesses catering to the wealthy	—	I-REGISTRY	Un­known	Yes
.rip	memorial sites[109]	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Un­known	Yes
.rocks	general	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rodeo	Rodeo interest	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.room			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.rugby	rugby		World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited[54]
.run	running and jogging	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

S

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.safe			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sale	retail	—		Un­known	Yes
.save			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sbi	State Bank of India
.scholarships	scholarship related	—	Scholarships.com[110][111]	Un­known	Un­known
.school	schools	—	Donuts[donuts 114]	Yes	Yes
.science	science-related sites	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.search	search engines		Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[54]
.secure			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.security			XYZ.COM LLC[54]
.select			iSelect Ltd[54]
.services	business services	—	Donuts[donuts 115]	Yes	Yes
.sex	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	ICM Registry	Yes	Yes
.sexy	adult entertainment	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.shoes	shoes	—	Donuts[donuts 116]	Yes	Yes
.shop			GMO Registry, Inc.[54]
.shopping			Over Keep, LLC[54]
.show	entertainment and vlogs	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.showtime			CBS Domains Inc.[54]
.silk		Reserved for Amazon Silk	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.singles	online dating	—	Donuts[donuts 117]	Yes	Yes
.site	general	—		Un­known	Yes
.ski			STARTING DOT LIMITED[54]
.skin	skincare products and services		L'Oréal[54]
.sky			Sky International AG[54]
.sling		Reserved for Sling Media	Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation[54]
.smile		Reserved for Amazon	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sncf		Reserved to the SNCF company.	SNCF
.soccer	soccer	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.social	general interest	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.software	computer software	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.solar	solar-power	—	Donuts[donuts 118]	Yes	Yes
.solutions	business services	—	Donuts[donuts 119]	Yes	Yes
.song			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.space	as a creative space	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.spreadbetting			DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[54]
.spot			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.sport	sport institutions		Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
.storage			Self Storage Company LLC[54]
.store	stores	—	Radix Registry	Yes	Yes
.stream	streaming media		Global Registry Services Ltd[53]
.studio	art, fitness, & entertainment	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.study	education		OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[54]
.style	fashion	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.sucks	gripe sites	—	Vox Populi	Un­known	Yes
.supplies	manufacturing industries	—	Donuts[donuts 120]	Yes	Yes
.supply	manufacturing industries	—	Donuts[donuts 121]	Yes	Yes
.support	help pages	—	Donuts[donuts 122]	Yes[112]	Yes
.surf	surfing	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.surgery	healthcare industry	—	Donuts[donuts 123]	Yes	Yes
.systems	technology	—	Donuts[donuts 124]	Yes	Yes

T

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.talk			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.tattoo	tattoo aficionados	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.tax	financial	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.taxi	taxi services	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.team	team sports	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.tech	technology	—	Radix Registry	Yes	Yes
.technology	technology	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.tel	Internet communication services	A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System.		Yes[113]	Yes
.tennis	tennis	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.theater	theaters and cinemas	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.theatre	theatre		XYZ.COM LLC[54]
.tickets	ticket resale		Accent Media Limited[54]
.tips	general help topics	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.tires	tire manufacturers	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.today	general	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.tools	manufacturing industries	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.top	general	—	Jiangsu Bangning	Un­known	Yes
.tours	tourism	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.town	generic geographic	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.toys	toy businesses	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.trade	businesses	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Yes	Yes
.trading			DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[54]
.training	sports and fitness	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.travel	travel and tourism industry related sites	Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity.		No	Yes
.travelersinsurance		Reserved for Travelers Insurance	Travelers TLD, LLC[54]
.trust			Artemis Internet Inc[54]
.tube			Latin American Telecom LLC[54]
.tunes		Reserved for Amazon Music	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]

U

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.uconnect			Not assigned[54][114]
.university	young adults, university life	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.uno

V

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.vacations	travel	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.ventures	funding for start-ups	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.vet	veterans and veterinarians	—		Yes	Yes
.video	video sharing	—		Un­known	Yes
.villas	real estate and/or travel businesses	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.vip			Minds + Machines Group Limited[54]
.vision	eye-care businesses	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.vodka	vodka-related businesses and interest	—		Yes	Yes
.vote	democratic elections and campaign websites	Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[115]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.voting	polling sites	—		Latin and Cyrillic scripts[11]	Yes
.voyage	travel	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

W

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.wang	general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal".[116] Wang is also a common surname in mainland China.	—	Zodiac Registry	Yes[117]	Yes
.watch	watches	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.watches	watches		Richemont DNS Inc.[54]
.weather	weather and meteorology	Reserved for The Weather Channel	International Business Machines Corporation[54]
.webcam	web cam shows and video sharing	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Yes	Yes
.website	general	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.wed	engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses	This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[118] And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[119]		No	Yes
.wedding	wedding-oriented businesses	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.whoswho	general	An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications.	Who's Who Registry	Yes	Yes
.wiki	wikis	"An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation"	Top Level Design	Yes	Yes
.win	games, Microsoft Windows	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[53]	Un­known	Yes
.wine	Wine	—	—	Un­known	Un­known
.winners		Reserved for TJX Companies	The TJX Companies, Inc.[54]
.work	general	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.works	general	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.world	general	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes
.wow			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.wtf	general	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

X

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.xxx	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	Uniregistry	Yes	Yes
.xyz	general	—	XYZ.com	Yes[120]	Yes

Y

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.yachts	yachts		DERYachts, LLC	[54]
.yoga	yoga	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.you			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.youtube			Google, LLC

Z

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.zero			Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
.zone	general	—	Donuts	Yes	Yes

Chinese

Name	Chinese term	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.ren	人 rén	"people/person" in Mandarin pinyin	Restricted TLD[121]	(Cancelled)[122]	Un­known	Yes
.shouji	手机 shŏujī	mobile phone		QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.tushu	图书 túshū	books		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
.wanggou	网购 wǎnggòu	online shopping		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
.weibo	微博 wēibó	microblogging		Sina Corporation
.xihuan	喜欢 xǐhuān	like		QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.xin	信 xìn	credit; honest		Alibaba Group

French

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.arte			Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.	[54]
.clinique	"hospital"		The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.	[54]
.luxe	"luxury"	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.maison	"house"	—	Donuts[donuts 125]	Chinese, French, German, Spanish[123]	Yes
.moi	"me"		Amazon Registry Services, Inc.	[54]
.rsvp	Invitations and replies	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.sarl	Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company	—	Donuts[donuts 126]	Yes	Yes

German

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.epost	e-mail		Deutsche Post AG
.gmbh	GmbH	Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland.	Binky Moon, LLC
.haus	"house"	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.immobilien	"real estate"	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	German[11]	Yes
.jetzt	"now"	—	New TLD Company	Yes	Yes
.kaufen	"buy"	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	German[11]	Yes
.kinder	"children"	restricted .brand TLD	Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
.reise	"travel"	Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[124]	dotreise	Latin script[11]	Yes
.reisen	"traveling"	—	Donuts[donuts 127]	German[11]	Yes
.schule	"school"	—	Donuts[donuts 128]	Yes	Yes
.versicherung	"insurance"	—		Latin script[11]	Yes

Hindi

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.desi	देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi	—	Desi Networks	Un­known	Yes
.shiksha	शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education".	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes

Italian

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.casa	"house"	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.immo	French, German,[125] and Italian abbreviation for "real estate"	—	Donuts[donuts 129]	Yes	Yes
.moda	"fashion"	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Spanish[11]	Yes
.voto	"vote", for election and campaign websites	Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[126] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[127]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes

Portuguese

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.bom	good		Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
.passagens	ticket		Travel Reservations SRL

Spanish

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.abogado	"lawyer"	To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[128]	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.futbol	"Football" (soccer)	—	Rightside Group[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.gratis	"free"	—	Donuts[donuts 130]	Yes	Yes
.hoteles	"hotels"		Travel Reservations SRL
.juegos	"games"	—	Uniregistry	Yes[59]	Yes
.ltda	companies in South America	Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[129]	InterNetX	Un­known	Yes
.soy	"I am" Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives	—	Google[n 2]	Latin script, Japanese[130]	Yes
.tienda	"shop", "store"	—	Donuts	Spanish	Yes
.uno	"one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers	—		Spanish	Yes
.viajes	"travel" or "trips"	—	Donuts	Spanish	Yes
.vuelos	"flights"		Travel Reservations SRL

Internationalized generic top-level domains

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

• Notes: general remarks and intended use
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Arabic script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--4gbrim[131]	.موقع	Arabic	Arabic	mawqiʿ	"site" or "location"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--fhbei[131]	.كوم		Arabic	kwm	com	Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[54]
xn--mgbb9fbpob[131]	.موبايلي		Arabic	mūbāylī	My mobile (phone)	Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[54]
xn--mgbi4ecexp[131]	.كاثوليك		Arabic	kāthūlīk	Catholic	Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[54]
xn--ngbc5azd[131]	.شبكة	Arabic	Arabic	shabaka	"network"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--ngbe9e0a[131]	.بيتك		Arabic	baytak	your home	Owned by: Kuwait Finance House[54]
xn--mgbab2bd[131]	.بازار	Persian	Arabic	bâzâr	"market", "bazaar"	Open TLD	Yes

Chinese characters

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--3ds443g[131]	.在线	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	zàixiàn	"online"	Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[132]	Yes
xn--fiq228c5hs[131]	.中文网	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Zhōngwén wǎng	"(written) Chinese (language) network"	Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[132]	Yes
xn--ses554g[131]	.网址	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngzhǐ	"network address" or "website"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--5tzm5g[131]	.网站	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngzhàn	"website"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--io0a7i[131]	.网络	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngluò	"network"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--55qx5d[131]	.公司	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	gōngsī	"business organization" or "company"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--czru2d[131]	.商城	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	shāngchéng	"mall"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--nqv7f[131]	.机构	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	jīgòu	"agency"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--6qq986b3xl[131]	.我爱你	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǒ ài nǐ	"I love you"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--czr694b[131]	.商标	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	shāngbiāo	"trademark"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--rhqv96g[131]	.世界	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	shìjiè	"world"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--3bst00m[131]	.集团	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	jítuán	"conglomerate"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--30rr7y[131]	.慈善	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Císhàn	"philanthropy"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--45q11c[131]	.八卦	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Bāguà	"gossip"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--55qw42g[131]	.公益	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Gōngyì	"philanthropy"	Open TLD	Yes

Cyrillic script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--d1acj3b[131]	.дети	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	dyeti	"kids" or "children"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--80aqecdr1a[131]	.католик		Cyrillic	Katolik	Catholic	Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[54]
xn--j1aef[131]	.ком	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	kom	com
xn--80asehdb[131]	.онлайн	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	onlain	"online"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--c1avg[131]	.орг	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	org	"org" or "organization"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--80aswg[131]	.сайт	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	sait	"site"	Open TLD	Yes

Other script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[131]	.संगठन	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	saṅgaṭhana	"organization"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--11b4c3d[131]	.कॉम	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	kom	com
xn--c2br7g[131]	.नेट	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	net	net
xn--mk1bu44c[131]	.닷컴	Korean	Hangul	datkeom / tatk'ŏm	dotcom
xn--t60b56a[131]	.닷넷	Korean	Hangul	datnet / tatnet	dotnet
xn--9dbq2a[131]	.קום	Hebrew	Hebrew	qwm	"com"	Open TLD	Yes
xn--q9jyb4c[131]	.みんな	Japanese	Hiragana	minna	everyone	Open TLD[133]	Yes
xn--1ck2e1b[131]	.セール	Japanese	Katakana	sēru	sale	Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[54]
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[131]	.ファッション	Japanese	Katakana	fasshon	fashion
xn--cck2b3b[131]	.ストア	Japanese	Katakana	sutoa	store
xn--eckvdtc9d[131]	.ポイント	Japanese	Katakana	pointo	point
xn--gckr3f0f[131]	.クラウド	Japanese	Katakana	kuraudo	cloud
xn--tckwe[131]	.コム	Japanese	Katakana	komu	com	Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[54]
xn--42c2d9a[131]	.คอม	Thai	Thai	khom	com

Geographic top-level domains

• Name: DNS name
• Entity: Target geographic area
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Africa

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.africa	Africa	[54][134]		Yes
.capetown	Cape Town, South Africa	[135]	Un­known	Yes
.durban	Durban, South Africa	[136]	Un­known	Yes
.joburg	Johannesburg, South Africa	[137]	Un­known	Yes

Asia

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.abudhabi	Abu Dhabi	[54]
.arab	League of Arab States	[54]
.asia	Asia-Pacific region	This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific.	Chinese, Japanese, Korean[11]	Yes
.doha	Doha	[54]
.dubai	Dubai	[54]
.krd	Kurdistan	This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[138][139]	Kurdish	Yes
.kyoto	Kyoto, Japan	[140]
.nagoya	Nagoya, Japan	[141]	Japanese[11]	Yes
.okinawa	Okinawa, Japan		Japanese	Yes
.osaka	Osaka, Japan	[54]
.ryukyu	Ryukyu Islands, Japan	[142]	Un­known	Yes
.taipei	Taipei, Taiwan	Introduced in September 2014[143]	Un­known	Yes
.tatar	Tatar peoples and places	Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[144]	Un­known	Yes
.tokyo	Tokyo, Japan	[145]	Yes	Yes
.yokohama	Yokohama, Japan	[146]	Japanese	Yes

Europe

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.alsace	Alsace, France	[147]	Un­known	Yes
.amsterdam	Amsterdam, Netherlands	[148]	Un­known	Yes
.bar	File:ZastavaBar.png Bar, Montenegro	[54] Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide
.bcn	Barcelona, Spain	[54]
.barcelona	Barcelona, Spain		Un­known	Yes
.bayern	Bavaria, Germany	[149]	Yes	Yes
.berlin	Berlin, Germany	Must have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc. [150]	Latin and Cyrillic scripts[11]	Yes
.brussels	Brussels, Belgium	[151]	Latin script[11]	Yes
.budapest	Budapest, Hungary	[152]	Un­known	Yes
.bzh	Brittany, France; Breton language and culture	Breizh in Breton.[153] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture	French[11]	Yes
.cat	Catalonia, Spain; Catalan language and culture	This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[154]	Catalan[11]	Yes
.cologne	Cologne, Germany	[155]	Yes	Yes
.corsica	Corsica, France	TLD Related to Corsican Culture	Un­known	Yes
.cymru	Wales, United Kingdom	[156]	Welsh[11]	Yes
.eus	Basque, Spain and France	Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[157]	Un­known	Yes
.frl	Friesland, Netherlands	Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[158]	Un­known	Yes
.gal	Galicia, Spain	This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[159]	Un­known	Yes
.gent	Ghent, Belgium	[160]	Un­known	Yes
.hamburg	Hamburg, Germany		Latin script[11]	Yes
.helsinki	Helsinki, Finland
.irish	Ireland; global Irish community		Un­known	Yes
.ist	İstanbul, Turkey		Un­known	Un­known
.istanbul	İstanbul, Turkey		Un­known	Un­known
.koeln	Cologne, Germany	[161]	Yes	Yes
.london	London, United Kingdom	[162]	Yes	Yes
.madrid	Madrid, Spain	[163]	Un­known	Yes
.moscow [ru]	Moscow, Russia	[164]	Yes	Yes
.nrw	North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany	[165]	Yes	Yes
.paris	Paris, France	[166]	French[11]	Yes
.ruhr	Ruhr, Germany	[167]	German[11]	Yes
.saarland	Saarland, Germany	[168]	Un­known	Yes
.scot	Scotland	[169]	Un­known	Yes
.stockholm	Stockholm, Sweden	[54]
.swiss	Switzerland	[54]	Yes[170]	Yes
.tirol	Tyrol, Austria	[171]	Yes[11]	Yes
.vlaanderen	Flanders, Belgium	[172]	Latin script[11]	Yes
.wales	Wales, United Kingdom	[156]	Welsh[11]	Yes
.wien	Vienna, Austria	[173]	Latin script[11]	Yes
.zuerich	Zurich, Switzerland	[174]	Un­known	Yes

North America

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC	Alternatives
.boston	Boston, Massachusetts	[54]			.boston.ma.us
.miami	Miami, Florida	[175]	Un­known	Yes
.nyc	New York City, New York	[176]	Spanish[11]	Yes	.new-york.ny.us
.quebec	Québec, Canada	[177]	Un­known	Yes	.qc.ca
.vegas	Las Vegas, Nevada	[178]	Yes	Yes	.las-vegas.nv.us

Oceania

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.kiwi	New Zealanders	[179]	Latin script[11]	Yes
.melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	[180]	Un­known	Yes
.sydney	Sydney, Australia	[181]	Un­known	Yes

South America

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.lat	Latin America	[182]	Spanish[183]	Yes
.rio	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	[184]	Un­known	Yes

Internationalized geographic top-level domains

DNS name	Display name	Entity	Language	Script	Transliteration	Notes	Other TLD	IDN	DNSSEC
xn--1qqw23a[131]	.佛山	Foshan, China	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	fóshān	[185]		Yes	Yes
xn--xhq521b[131]	.广东	Guangdong, China	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	guǎngdōng	[54]
xn--80adxhks[131]	.москва [ru]	Moscow, Russia	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	moskva	[186]	.moscow	Russian[11]	Yes
xn--p1acf[131]	.рус [ru]	Russia	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	rus	[54]	.ru / .рф
xn--mgbca7dzdo[131]	.ابوظبي	Abu Dhabi	Arabic	Arabic	Abū Ẓabī	[54]	.abudhabi
xn--ngbrx[131]	.عرب	Arab	Arabic	Arabic	‘Arab	[54]

Brand top-level domains

• Name: DNS name
• Entity: company and/or brand
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.aaa	American Automobile Association	[54]
.aarp	AARP	[54]
.abarth	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth)	[54]
.abb	ABB	[54]
.abbott	Abbott Laboratories	[54]
.abbvie	AbbVie	[54]
.abc	American Broadcasting Company[187]	[54]
.accenture	Accenture	[54]
.aco	ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG	[54]
.aeg	Aktiebolaget Electrolux	[54]
.aetna	Aetna	[54]
.afl	Australian Football League	[54]
.agakhan	Aga Khan Foundation	[54]
.aig	American International Group	[54]
.aigo	Aigo	[54]
.airbus	Airbus	[54]
.airtel	Bharti Airtel	[54]
.akdn	Aga Khan Foundation	[54]
.alfaromeo	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo)	[54]
.alibaba	Alibaba Group	[54]
.alipay	Alibaba Group	[54]
.allfinanz	Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	[188]	Un­known	Yes
.allstate	Allstate	[54]
.ally	Ally Financial	[54]
.alstom	Alstom	[54]
.amazon	Amazon	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.amazon
.americanexpress	American Express	[54]
.amex	American Express	[54]
.amica	Amica Mutual Insurance	[54]
.android	Google (Android)	[189]	Un­known	Yes
.anz	Australia and New Zealand Banking Group	[54]
.aol	AOL	[54]
.apple	Apple	[54]
.aquarelle	Aquarelle.com Group	[190]	Un­known	Yes
.aramco	Aramco	[54]
.audi	Audi	[54]
.auspost	Australia Post	[54]
.axa	Axa	[191]	Yes[11]	Yes
.azure	Microsoft	[54]
.baidu	Baidu	[54]
.bananarepublic	Gap	[54]
.barclaycard	Barclays	[192]	Un­known	Yes
.barclays	Barclays	[192]	Un­known	Yes
.basketball	FIBA	[193]
.bauhaus	Werkhaus GmbH	[54]
.bbc	BBC	[54]
.bbt	BB&T	[54]
.bbva	Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria	[54]
.bcg	Boston Consulting Group	[54]
.bentley	Bentley	[54]
.bharti	Bharti Enterprises	[54]
.bing	Microsoft	[54]
.blanco	BLANCO GmbH + Co KG	[54]
.bloomberg	Bloomberg	[194]	Un­known	Yes
.bms	Bristol-Myers Squibb	[54]
.bmw	BMW	[195]	No	Yes
.bnl	Banca Nazionale del Lavoro	[196]	Un­known	Yes
.bnpparibas	BNP Paribas	[197]	Un­known	Yes
.boehringer	Boehringer Ingelheim	[54]
.bond	Bond University	[54]
.booking	Booking.com	[54]
.bosch	Robert Bosch GmbH	[54]
.bostik	Bostik	[54]
.bradesco	Bradesco	[198]	Un­known	Yes
.bridgestone	Bridgestone	[54]
.brother	Brother Industries	[54]
.bugatti	Bugatti	[54]
.cal	Google (Google Calendar)	[199]	Un­known	Yes
.calvinklein	PVH	[54]
.canon	Canon	[54]
.capitalone	Capital One	[54]
.caravan	Caravan International	[200]	Un­known	Yes
.cartier	Richemont DNS	[54]
.cba	Commonwealth Bank	[54]
.cbn	Christian Broadcasting Network	[54]
.cbre	CBRE Group	[54]
.cbs	CBS	[54]
.cern	CERN	[201]	Un­known	Yes
.cfa	CFA Institute	[54]
.chanel	Chanel	[54]
.chase	Chase Bank	[54]
.chintai	Chintai Corporation	[54]
.chrome	Google (Google Chrome)	[202]	Un­known	Yes
.chrysler	Chrysler	[54]
.cipriani	Hotel Cipriani Srl	[54]
.cisco	Cisco Systems	[54]
.citadel	Citadel Domain	[54]
.citi	Citigroup	[54]
.citic	CITIC Group	[203]	No	Yes
.clubmed	Club Med	[54]
.comcast	Comcast	[54]
.commbank	Commonwealth Bank	[54]
.creditunion	CUNA Performance Resources	[54]
.crown	Crown Equipment Corporation	[54]
.crs	Federated Co-operatives (Co-Operative Retailing System)	[204]	Un­known	Yes
.csc	DXC Technology
.cuisinella	Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella)	[205]	Un­known	Yes
.dabur	Dabur	[54]
.datsun	Nissan	[54]
.dealer	Dealer Dot Com	[54]
.dell	Dell	[54]
.deloitte	Deloitte	[54]
.delta	Delta Air Lines	[54]
.dhl	Deutsche Post	[54]
.discover	Discover Financial Services	[54]
.dish	Dish Network	[54]
.dnp	Dai Nippon Printing	[206]	Un­known	Yes
.dodge	Chrysler (Dodge)	[54]
.dunlop	Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company	[54]
.dupont	DuPont	[54]
.dvag	Deutsche Vermögensberatung	[207]	Un­known	Yes
.edeka	Edeka	[208]	Un­known	Yes
.emerck	Merck Group	[209]	Un­known	Yes
.epson	Seiko Epson	[54]
.ericsson	Ericsson	[54]
.erni	ERNI Group Holding AG	[54]
.esurance	Esurance	[54]
.etisalat	Etisalat	[54]
.eurovision	European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision)	[54]
.everbank	EverBank	[210]	Un­known	Yes
.extraspace	Extra Space Storage	[54]
.fage	Fage	[54]
.fairwinds	FairWinds Partners	[54]
.farmers	Farmers Insurance Exchange	[54]
.fedex	FedEx	[54]
.ferrari	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari)	[54]
.ferrero	Ferrero	[54]
.fiat	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles	[54]
.fidelity	Fidelity Investments	[54]
.firestone	Bridgestone	[54]
.firmdale	Firmdale Holdings	[211]	Un­known	Yes
.flickr	Yahoo! (Flickr)	[54]
.flir	FLIR Systems	[54]
.flsmidth	FLSmidth	[212]	Un­known	Yes
.ford	Ford Motor Company	[54]
.fox	Fox Broadcasting Company	[54]
.fresenius	Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH	[54]
.forex	Dotforex Registry Ltd	[54]
.frogans	OP3FT	Solely for use by the Frogans technology[213]	Yes[11]	Yes
.frontier	Frontier Communications	[54]
.fujitsu	Fujitsu	[54]
.fujixerox	Fuji Xerox	[54]
.gallo	E & J Gallo Winery	[54]
.gallup	Gallup	[54]
.gap	Gap	[54]
.gbiz	Google	[214]	Un­known	Yes
.gea	GEA Group	[54]
.genting	Genting Group	[54]
.giving	Giving Limited	[54]
.gle	Google	[215]	Un­known	Yes
.globo	Grupo Globo	[216]	No	Yes
.gmail	Google (Gmail)	[217]	Un­known	Yes
.gmo	GMO Internet	[218]	Un­known	Yes
.gmx	1&1 Mail & Media (Global Message Exchange)	[219]	Un­known	Yes
.godaddy	Go Daddy	[54]
.goldpoint	Yodobashi Camera	[54]
.goodyear	Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company	[54]
.goog	Google	[220]	Un­known	Yes
.google	Google	[221]	Un­known	Yes
.grainger	Grainger Registry Services, LLC	[54]
.guardian	Guardian Life Insurance Company of America	[54]
.gucci	Gucci	[54]
.hbo	HBO	[54]
.hdfc	Housing Development Finance Corporation	[54]
.hdfcbank	HDFC Bank	[54]
.hermes	Hermès	[54]
.hisamitsu	Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical	[54]
.hitachi	Hitachi	[54]
.hkt	Hong Kong Telecom	[54]
.honda	Honda Motor Company	[54]
.honeywell	Honeywell	[54]
.hotmail	Microsoft	[54]
.hsbc	HSBC	[222]	Un­known	Yes
.hughes	Hughes Network Systems	[54]
.hyatt	Hyatt	[54]
.hyundai	Hyundai Motor Company	[54]
.ibm	IBM	[223]	Un­known	Yes
.ieee	Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers	[54]
.ifm	ifm electronic gmbh	[54]
.ikano	Ikano	[54]
.imdb	Amazon	[54]
.infiniti	Nissan (Infiniti)	[54]
.intel	Intel	[54]
.intuit	Intuit	[54]
.ipiranga	Ipiranga	[54]
.iselect	iSelect	[54]
.itau	Itaú Unibanco	[54]
.itv	ITV	[54]
.iveco	CNH Industrial	[54]
.jaguar	Jaguar Land Rover	[54]
.java	Oracle Corporation (Java)	[54]
.jcb	JCB	[54]
.jcp	JCP Media	[54]
.jeep	Chrysler (Jeep)	[54]
.jpmorgan	JPMorgan Chase	[54]
.juniper	Juniper Networks	[54]
.kddi	KDDI	[54]
.kerryhotels	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[54]
.kerrylogistics	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[54]
.kerryproperties	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[54]
.kfh	Kuwait Finance House	[54]
.kia	Kia Motors Corporation	[54]
.kinder	Ferrero	[54]
.kindle	Amazon (Amazon Kindle)	[54]
.komatsu	Komatsu	[54]
.kpmg	KPMG	[54]
.kred	KredTLD	[224]	Un­known	Yes
.kuokgroup	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[54]
.lacaixa	Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona	[225]	Un­known	Yes
.ladbrokes	Ladbrokes	[54]
.lamborghini	Lamborghini	[54]
.lancaster	Lancaster	[54]
.lancia	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia)	[54]
.lancome	L'Oréal	[54]
.landrover	Jaguar Land Rover	[54]
.lanxess	Lanxess	[54]
.lasalle	JLL	[54]
.latrobe	La Trobe University	[226]	Un­known	Yes
.lds	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[227]	[228]	Un­known	Yes
.leclerc	E.Leclerc	[229]
.lego	Lego Group	[54]
.liaison	Liaison Technologies	[54]
.lexus	Toyota (Lexus)	[54]
.lidl	Lidl	[54]
.lifestyle	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.	[54]
.lilly	Eli Lilly & Company	[54]
.lincoln	Ford (Lincoln)	[54]
.linde	Linde	[54]
.lipsy	Lipsy Ltd	[54]
.lixil	Lixil Group	[54]
.locus	Locus Analytics	[54]
.lotte	Lotte Holdings	[54]
.lpl	LPL Financial	[54]
.lplfinancial	LPL Financial	[54]
.lundbeck	Lundbeck	[54]
.lupin	Lupin Limited	[54]
.macys	Macy's	[54]
.maif	Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)	[54]
.man	MAN	[54]
.mango	Mango	[230]	Latin script[11]	Yes
.marriott	Marriott International	[54]
.maserati	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati)	[54]
.mattel	Mattel	[54]
.mckinsey	McKinsey & Company	[54]
.metlife	MetLife	[54]
.microsoft	Microsoft	[54]
.mini	BMW (Mini)	[231]	No	Yes
.mit	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	[54]
.mitsubishi	Mitsubishi Corporation	[54]
.mlb	MLB Advanced Media	[54]
.mma	MMA IARD	[54]
.monash	Monash University	[232][233]	No	Yes
.mormon	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[227]	[234]	Un­known	Yes
.moto	Motorola	[54]
.movistar	Telefónica	[54]
.msd	MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.	[54]
.mtn	MTN	[54]
.mtr	MTR Corporation	[54]
.mutual	Northwestern Mutual	[54]
.nadex	Nadex	[54]
.nationwide	Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company	[54]
.natura	Natura & Co	[54]
.nba	National Basketball Association	[54]
.nec	NEC	[54]
.netflix	Netflix	[54]
.neustar	Neustar	[235]	No	Yes
.newholland	CNH Industrial	[54]
.nexus	Google (Google Nexus)	[236]	Un­known	Yes
.nfl	National Football League	[54]
.nhk	NHK	[237]	Un­known	Yes
.nico	Dwango (Niconico)	[238]	Un­known	Yes
.nike	Nike	[54]
.nikon	Nikon	[54]
.nissan	Nissan	[54]
.nissay	Nippon Life	[54]
.nokia	Nokia	[54]
.northwesternmutual	Northwestern Mutual	[54]
.norton	NortonLifeLock	[54]
.nra	National Rifle Association	[239]	Un­known	Yes
.ntt	Nippon Telegraph & Telephone	[54]
.obi	OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA	[54]
.office	Microsoft	[54]
.omega	Swatch Group (Omega)	[54]
.oracle	Oracle Corporation	[54]
.orange	Orange	[54]
.otsuka	Otsuka Pharmaceutical	[240]	Un­known	Yes
.ovh	OVH	[241]	French[11]	Yes
.panasonic	Panasonic	[54]
.pccw	PCCW	[54]
.pfizer	Pfizer	[54]
.philips	Philips	[54]
.piaget	Piaget	[242]	Un­known	Yes
.pictet	Pictet	[54]
.ping	Ping	[54]
.pioneer	Pioneer Corporation	[54]
.play	Google	[54]
.playstation	Sony	[54]
.pohl	Deutsche Vermögensberatung (founder Reinfried Pohl)	[243]	Un­known	Yes
.politie	Politie Nederland	[54]
.praxi	Praxi	[244]	Un­known	Yes
.prod	Google (products)	[245]	Un­known	Yes
.progressive	Progressive Corporation	[54]
.pru	Prudential Financial	[54]
.prudential	Prudential Financial	[54]
.pwc	PwC	[246]	Un­known	Yes
.quest	Quest Software	[54]
.qvc	QVC	[54]
.redstone	Redstone Haute Couture Co	[54]
.reliance	Reliance Industries	[54]
.rexroth	Robert Bosch GmbH	[54]
.ricoh	Ricoh	[54]
.rmit	Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology	[54]
.rocher	Ferrero	[54]
.rogers	Rogers Communications	[54]
.rwe	RWE	[54]
.safety	Safety Registry Services, LLC.	[54]
.sakura	SAKURA Internet Inc.	[54]
.samsung	Samsung SDS	[54]
.sandvik	Sandvik	[54]
.sandvikcoromant	Sandvik Coromant	[247]	Un­known	Un­known
.sanofi	Sanofi	[54]
.sap	SAP	[248]
.saxo	Saxo Bank	[54]
.sbi	State Bank of India	[54]
.sbs	Special Broadcasting Service	[54]
.sca	Svenska Cellulosa	[249]	Un­known	Yes
.scb	Siam Commercial Bank		Thai[11]	Yes
.schaeffler	Schaeffler Technologies	[54]
.schmidt	Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt)	[250]	Un­known	Yes
.schwarz	Schwarz Supply Source	[54]
.scjohnson	SC Johnson & Son	[54]
.scor	SCOR	[54]
.seat	SEAT	[54]
.sener	Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.	[54]
.ses	SES	[54]
.sew	SEW Eurodrive	[54]
.seven	Seven West Media	[54]
.sfr	SFR	[54]
.seek	Seek	[251]	No	Un­known
.shangrila	Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts	[54]
.sharp	Sharp Corporation	[54]
.shaw	Shaw Cablesystems G.P.	[54]
.shell	Shell	[54]
.shriram	Shriram Capital	[54]
.sina	Sina Corp	[54]
.sky	Sky Group	[54]
.skype	Microsoft	[54]
.smart	Smart Communications	[54]
.sncf	SNCF	[54]
.softbank	SoftBank	[54]
.sohu	Sohu	[252]	Un­known	Yes
.sony	Sony	[54]
.spiegel	Der Spiegel	[253]	Un­known	Yes
.stada	Stada Arzneimittel	[54]
.staples	Staples	[54]
.star	Star India	[54]
.starhub	StarHub	[54]
.statebank	State Bank of India	[54]
.statefarm	State Farm	[54]
.statoil	Statoil	[54]
.stc	Saudi Telecom Company	[54]
.stcgroup	Saudi Telecom Company	[54]
.suzuki	Suzuki	[254]	Un­known	Yes
.swatch	Swatch Group	[54]
.swiftcover	Swiftcover	[54]
.symantec	NortonLifeLock	[54]
.taobao	Alibaba Group	[54]
.target	Target	[54]
.tatamotors	Tata Motors	[54]
.tdk	TDK	[54]
.telecity	TelecityGroup	[54]
.telefonica	Telefónica	[54]
.temasek	Temasek Holdings	[54]
.teva	Teva Pharmaceuticals	[54]
.tiffany	Tiffany & Co	[54]
.tjx	TJX Companies	[54]
.toray	Toray Industries	[54]
.toshiba	Toshiba	[54]
.total	Total	[54]
.toyota	Toyota	[54]
.travelchannel	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.	[54]
.travelers	Travelers TLD, LLC	[54]
.tui	TUI	[255]	Un­known	Yes
.tvs	T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited	[54]
.ubs	UBS	[54]
.unicom	China Unicom	[54]
.uol	Universo Online	Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[256]	Un­known	Yes
.ups	United Parcel Service	[54]
.vanguard	Vanguard Group	[54]
.verisign	VeriSign	[54]
.vig	Vienna Insurance Group	[54]
.viking	Viking River Cruises	[54]
.virgin	Virgin Group	[54]
.visa	Visa	[54]
.vista	Vistaprint	[54]
.vistaprint	Vistaprint	[54]
.vivo	Telefónica Brasil	[54]
.volkswagen	Volkswagen Group of America	[54]
.volvo	Volvo	[54]
.walmart	Walmart	[54]
.walter	Sandvik	[54]
.weatherchannel	IBM (The Weather Company)	[54]
.weber	Saint-Gobain	[54]
.weir	Weir Group	[54]
.williamhill	William Hill	[257]	Un­known	Yes
.windows	Microsoft	[54]
.wme	Endeavor	[258]	Un­known	Yes
.wolterskluwer	Wolters Kluwer	[54]
.woodside	Woodside Petroleum	[54]
.wtc	World Trade Centers Association	[259]	Un­known	Yes
.xbox	Microsoft	[54]
.xerox	Fuji Xerox	[54]
.xfinity	Comcast	[54]
.yahoo	Yahoo!	[54]
.yamaxun	Amazon	[54]
.yandex	Yandex	[260]	Un­known	Yes
.yodobashi	Yodobashi Camera	[54]
.youtube	Google (YouTube)	[261]	Un­known	Yes
.zappos	Amazon	[54]
.zara	Inditex	[54]
.zip	Google	[54]
.zippo	Zippo	[54]

Internationalized brand top-level domains

DNS name	IDN TLD	Entity	Script	Transliteration	Comments	DNSSEC
xn--mgba3a3ejt	.ارامكو	Aramco Services Company	Arabic		[54]
xn--mgbaakc7dvf	.اتصالات	Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)	Arabic		[54]
xn--8y0a063a	.联通	China United Network Communications Corporation Limited	Chinese (Simplified)	Liántōng	[54]
xn--6frz82g	.移动	China Mobile Communications Corporation	Chinese (Simplified)	Yídòng
xn--fiq64b	.中信	CITIC Group	Chinese	zhōngxìn	[262]	Yes
xn--5su34j936bgsg	.香格里拉	Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited	Chinese	Xiānggélǐlā	[54]
xn--b4w605ferd	.淡马锡	Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited	Chinese (Simplified)	Dànmǎxī	[54]
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a	.大众汽车	Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.	Chinese (Simplified)	Dàzhòngqìchē	[54]
xn--vermgensberater-ctb	.vermögensberater	Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	Latin		[263]	Yes
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb	.vermögensberatung	Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	Latin		[264]	Yes
xn--qcka1pmc	.グーグル	Google	Katakana	gūguru	[265]	Yes
xn--flw351e	.谷歌	Google	Chinese	gǔgē	[266]	Yes
xn--estv75g	.工行	Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited	Chinese	Gōngháng	[54]
xn--w4rs40l	.嘉里	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	Chinese	Jiālǐ	[54]
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra	.嘉里大酒店	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	Chinese	Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn	[54]
xn--kcrx77d1x4a	.飞利浦	Koninklijke Philips N.V.	Chinese (Simplified)	Fēilìpǔ	[54]
xn--jlq61u9w7b	.诺基亚	Nokia Corporation	Chinese (Simplified)	Nuòjīyà	[54]
xn--fzys8d69uvgm	.電訊盈科	PCCW Enterprises Limited	Chinese (Traditional)	din6 soen3 jing4 fo1	[54]
xn--cg4bki	.삼성	Samsung	Hangul	samseong	[267]	Yes

Special-Use Domains

ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.^[268]

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.example		Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example. example.com, example.net and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.	Un­known
.invalid		Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work.	Un­known
.local		Local network	Un­known
.localhost		Points back to own computer	Un­known
.onion		Connection to the Tor network	Un­known
.test		Meant for testing DNS software	Un­known

See also

• Country code top-level domain
• Generic top-level domain
• IDN Test TLDs
• ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
• Proposed top-level domain
• Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
• Public Suffix List

Notes

References

External links

• IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format
• The Internet Domain Survey
• The Public Suffix List / PSL – Maintained by Mozilla
• Registry Agreements at ICANN
• Registry Agreement Termination Info Page at ICANN