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==Fourth generation of African-American House members, 1971–2010==
==Fourth generation of African-American House members, 1971–2010==
''(Note: Representatives and delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)''
''(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)''


; Political Parties
; Political Parties
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Independent Party (United States)/meta/color}}|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]|border=1px solid #DDDDDD}}


{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"

Revision as of 15:17, 7 January 2015

John Conyers is the longest-serving African American in the history of the United States House of Representatives and the United States Congress.

The United States House of Representatives has had 131 elected and appointed African-American members. The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. By definition, African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa.[1] The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.[2] Originally, African Americans were regarded as second-class citizens or slaves in America.[3] No African American served in the elective office before the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870, which prohibits the federal government and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts.[4] These congressional districts are gerrymandered, limit serious challenges to their re-election, and limit their abilities to represent a larger, more diverse constituency.[4]

First generation of African-American House members, 1870–1887

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Party

  Republican

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Former slave Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Joseph Rainey
(1832–1887)
 South Carolina's 1st December 12, 1870 March 3, 1879 Republican 41st
(1869–1871) 		Yes [5] [note 1]
THRU
45th
(1877–1879)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Jefferson F. Long
(1836–1901)
 Georgia's 4th January 16, 1871 March 3, 1871 Republican 41st
(1869–1871) 		Yes [6] [note 2]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robert C. De Large
(1842–1874)
 South Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1871 January 24, 1873 Republican 42nd
(1871–1873) 		No [7] [note 3]
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robert B. Elliott
(1842–1884)
 South Carolina's 3rd March 4, 1871 November 1, 1874 Republican 42nd
(1871–1873) 		No [8] [note 4]
43rd
(1873–1875)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Benjamin S. Turner
(1825–1894)
 Alabama's 1st March 4, 1871 March 3, 1873 Republican 42nd
(1871–1873) 		Yes [9] [note 5]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Josiah T. Walls
(1842–1905)
 Florida's at-large March 4, 1871 January 29, 1873 Republican 42nd
(1871–1873) 		Yes [10] [note 6]
March 4, 1873 March 3, 1875 43rd
(1873–1875)
Florida's 2nd March 4, 1875 April 19, 1876 44th
(1875–1877)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Richard H. Cain
(1825–1887)
 South Carolina's at-large March 4, 1873 March 3, 1875 Republican 43rd
(1873–1875) 		No [11] [note 7]
South Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1877 March 3, 1879 45th
(1877–1879)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John R. Lynch
(1847–1939)
 Mississippi's 6th March 4, 1873 March 3, 1877 Republican 43rd
(1873–1875) 		Yes [12] [note 8]
44th
(1875–1877)
April 29, 1882 March 3, 1883 47th
(1881–1883)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Alonzo J. Ransier
(1834–1882)
 South Carolina's 2nd March 3, 1873 March 3, 1875 Republican 43rd
(1873–1875) 		No [13] [note 9]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | James T. Rapier
(1837–1883)
 Alabama's 2nd March 4, 1873 March 3, 1875 Republican 43rd
(1873–1875) 		No [14] [note 10]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Jeremiah Haralson
(1846–1916)
 Alabama's 1st March 4, 1875 March 3, 1877 Republican 44th
(1875–1877) 		Yes [15] [note 11]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John Adams Hyman
(1840–1891)
 North Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1875 March 3, 1877 Republican 44th
(1875–1877) 		Yes [16] [note 12]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Charles E. Nash
(1844–1913)
 Louisiana's 6th March 4, 1875 March 3, 1877 Republican 44th
(1875–1877) 		No [17] [note 13]
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robert Smalls
(1839–1915)
 South Carolina's 5th March 4, 1875 March 3, 1879 Republican 44th
(1875–1877) 		Yes [18] [note 14]
45th
(1877–1879)
July 19, 1882 March 3, 1883 47th
(1881–1883)
South Carolina's 7th March 18, 1884 March 3, 1887 48th
(1883–1885)
49th
(1885–1887)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | James E. O'Hara
(1844–1905)
 North Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1883 March 3, 1887 Republican 48th
(1883–1885) 		No [19] [note 15]
49th
(1885–1887)

Second generation of African-American House members, 1887–1929

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Party

  Republican

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Former slave Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Henry P. Cheatham
(1857–1935)
 North Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1889 March 3, 1893 Republican 51st
(1889–1891) 		Yes [20] [note 16]
52nd
(1891–1893)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John Mercer Langston
(1829–1897)
 Virginia's 4th September 23, 1890 March 3, 1891 Republican 51st
(1889–1891) 		No [21] [note 17]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Thomas E. Miller
(1849–1938)
 South Carolina's 7th September 24, 1890 March 3, 1891 Republican 51st
(1889–1891) 		No [22] [note 18]
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | George W. Murray
(1853–1926)
 South Carolina's 7th March 4, 1893 March 3, 1895 Republican 53rd
(1893–1895) 		Yes [23] [note 19]
South Carolina's 1st June 4, 1896 March 3, 1897 54th
(1895–1897)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | George Henry White
(1852–1918)
 North Carolina's 2nd March 4, 1897 March 3, 1901 Republican 55th
(1897–1899) 		Yes [24] [note 20]
56th
(1899–1901)

Third generation of African-American House members, 1929–1970

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Parties

  Democratic   Republican

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Oscar Stanton De Priest
(1871–1951)
 Illinois's 1st March 4, 1929 January 3, 1935 Republican 71st
(1929–1931) 		[25] [note 21]
72nd
(1931–1933)
73rd
(1933–1935)
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Arthur W. Mitchell
(1883–1968)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1935 January 3, 1943 Democratic 74th
(1935–1937) 		[26] [note 22]
75th
(1937–1939)
76th
(1939–1941)
77th
(1941–1943)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | William L. Dawson
(1886–1970)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1943 November 9, 1970 Democratic 78th
(1943–1945) 		[27] [note 23]
THRU
91st
(1969–1971)
rowspan="11" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
(1908–1972)
 New York's 22nd January 3, 1945 January 3, 1953 Democratic 79th
(1945–1947) 		[28] [note 24]
THRU
82nd
(1951–1953)
New York's 16th January 3, 1953 January 3, 1963 83rd
(1953–1955)
THRU
87th
(1961–1963)
New York's 18th January 3, 1963 February 28, 1967 88th
(1963–1965)
89th
(1965–1967)
90th
(1967–1969)
April 11, 1967 January 3, 1971
91st
(1969–1971)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Charles Diggs
(1922–1998)
 Michigan's 13th January 3, 1955 June 3, 1980 Democratic 84th
(1955–1957) 		[29] [note 25]
THRU
96th
(1979–1981)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robert N.C. Nix, Sr.
(1898/1905–1987)
 Pennsylvania's 4th June 4, 1958 January 3, 1963 Democratic 85th
(1957–1959) 		[30] [note 26]
86th
(1959–1961)
87th
(1961–1963)
Pennsylvania's 2nd January 3, 1963 January 3, 1979 88th
(1963–1965)
THRU
95th
(1977–1979)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Augustus F. Hawkins
(1907–2007)
 California's 21st January 3, 1963 January 3, 1975 Democratic 88th
(1963–1965) 		[31] [note 27]
THRU
93rd
(1973–1975)
California's 29th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1991 94th
(1975–1977)
THRU
101st
(1989–1991)
rowspan="8" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John Conyers
(born 1929)
 Michigan's 1st January 3, 1965 January 3, 1993 Democratic 89th
(1965–1967) 		[32] [note 28]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
Michigan's 14th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
Michigan's 13th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Shirley Chisholm
(1924–2005)
 New York's 12th January 3, 1969 January 3, 1983 Democratic 91st
(1969–1971) 		[33] [note 29]
THRU
97th
(1981–1983)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Bill Clay
(born 1931)
 Missouri's 1st January 3, 1969 January 3, 2001 Democratic 91st
(1969–1971) 		[34] [note 30]
THRU
106th
(1999–2001)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Louis Stokes
(born 1925)
 Ohio's 21st January 3, 1969 January 3, 1993 Democratic 91st
(1969–1971) 		[35] [note 31]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
Ohio's 11th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1999 103rd
(1993–1995)
104th
(1995–1997)
105th
(1997–1999)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | George W. Collins
(1925/6–1972)
 Illinois's 6th November 3, 1970 December 8, 1972 Democratic 91st
(1969–1971) 		[36] [note 32]
92nd
(1971–1973)

Fourth generation of African-American House members, 1971–2010

(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Parties

  Democratic   Republican

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="8" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Ron Dellums
(born 1935)
 California's 7th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1975 Democratic 92nd
(1971–1973) 		[37] [note 33]
93rd
(1973–1975)
California's 8th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1993 94th
(1975–1977)
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
California's 9th January 3, 1993 February 6, 1998 103rd
(1993–1995)
104th
(1995–1997)
105th
(1997–1999)
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Ralph Metcalfe
(1910–1978)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1971 October 10, 1978 Democratic 92nd
(1971–1973) 		[38] [note 34]
93rd
(1973–1975)
94th
(1975–1977)
95th
(1977–1979)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Parren Mitchell
(1922–2007)
 Maryland's 7th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1987 Democratic 92nd
(1971–1973) 		[39] [note 35]
THRU
99th
(1985–1987)
rowspan="12" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Charles B. Rangel
(born 1930)
 New York's 18th January 3, 1971 January 3, 1973 Democratic 92nd
(1971–1973) 		[40] [note 36]
New York's 19th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1983 93rd
(1973–1975)
THRU
97th
(1981–1983)
New York's 16th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 98th
(1983–1985)
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
New York's 15th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
New York's 13th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Yvonne Brathwaite Burke
(born 1932)
 California's 37th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1975 Democratic 93rd
(1973–1975) 		[41] [note 37]
California's 28th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1979 94th
(1975–1977)
95th
(1977–1979)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Barbara Jordan
(1936–1996)
 Texas's 18th January 3, 1973 January 3, 1979 Democratic 93rd
(1973–1975) 		[42] [note 38]
94th
(1975–1977)
95th
(1977–1979)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Andrew Young
(born 1932)
 Georgia's 5th January 3, 1973 January 29, 1977 Democratic 93rd
(1973–1975) 		[43] [note 39]
94th
(1975–1977)
95th
(1977–1979)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Cardiss Collins
(1931–2013)
 Illinois's 7th June 5, 1973 January 3, 1997 Democratic 93rd
(1973–1975) 		[44] [note 40]
THRU
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Harold Ford, Sr.
(born 1945)
 Tennessee's 8th January 3, 1975 January 3, 1983 Democratic 94th
(1975–1977) 		[45] [note 41]
THRU
97th
(1981–1983)
Tennessee's 9th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1997 98th
(1983–1985)
THRU
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Julian C. Dixon
(1934–2000)
 California's 28th January 3, 1979 January 3, 1993 Democratic 96th
(1979–1981) 		[46] [note 42]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
California's 32nd January 3, 1993 December 8, 2000 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
106th
(1999–2001)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | William H. Gray
(1941-2013)
 Pennsylvania's 2nd January 3, 1979 September 11, 1991 Democratic 96th
(1979–1981) 		[47] [note 43]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mickey Leland
(1944–1989)
 Texas's 18th January 3, 1979 August 7, 1989 Democratic 96th
(1979–1981) 		[48] [note 44]
THRU
101st
(1989–1991)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Bennett M. Stewart
(1912–1988)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1979 January 3, 1981 Democratic 96th
(1979–1981) 		[49] [note 45]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | George W. Crockett, Jr.
(1909–1997)
 Michigan's 13th November 4, 1980 January 3, 1991 Democratic 96th
(1979–1981) 		[50] [note 46]
THRU
101st
(1989–1991)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mervyn M. Dymally
(1926–2012)
 California's 31st January 3, 1981 January 3, 1993 Democratic 97th
(1981–1983) 		[51] [note 47]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Gus Savage
(born 1925)
 Illinois's 2nd January 3, 1981 January 3, 1993 Democratic 97th
(1981–1983) 		[52] [note 48]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Harold Washington
(1922–1987)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1981 April 30, 1983 Democratic 97th
(1981–1983) 		[53] [note 49]
98th
(1983–1985)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Katie Hall
(1938–2012)
 Indiana's 1st November 2, 1982 January 3, 1985 Democratic 97th
(1981–1983) 		[54] [note 50]
98th
(1983–1985)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Major Owens
(1936–2013)
 New York's 12th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 Democratic 98th
(1983–1985) 		[55] [note 51]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
New York's 11th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2007 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
109th
(2005–2007)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Ed Towns
(born 1934)
 New York's 11th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 Democratic 98th
(1983–1985) 		[56] [note 52]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
New York's 10th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Alan Wheat
(born 1951)
 Missouri's 5th January 3, 1983 January 3, 1995 Democratic 98th
(1983–1985) 		[57] [note 53]
THRU
103rd
(1993–1995)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Charles Hayes
(1918–1997)
 Illinois's 1st August 23, 1983 January 3, 1993 Democratic 98th
(1983–1985) 		[58] [note 54]
THRU
102nd
(1991–1993)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Alton R. Waldon, Jr.
(born 1936)
 New York's 6th June 10, 1986 January 3, 1987 Democratic 99th
(1985–1987) 		[59] [note 55]
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mike Espy
(born 1953)
 Mississippi's 2nd January 3, 1987 January 22, 1993 Democratic 100th
(1987–1989) 		[60] [note 56]
101st
(1989–1991)
102nd
(1991–1993)
103rd
(1993–1995)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Floyd H. Flake
(born 1945)
 New York's 6th January 3, 1987 November 17, 1997 Democratic 100th
(1987–1989) 		[61] [note 57]
THRU
105th
(1997–1999)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John Lewis
(born 1940)
 Georgia's 5th January 3, 1987 Incumbent Democratic 100th
(1987–1989) 		[62] [note 58]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Kweisi Mfume
(born 1948)
 Maryland's 7th January 3, 1987 February 15, 1996 Democratic 100th
(1987–1989) 		[63] [note 59]
THRU
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Donald M. Payne
(1934–2012)
 New Jersey's 10th January 3, 1989 March 6, 2012 Democratic 101st
(1989–1991) 		[64] [note 60]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | File:Craig Washington.jpg Craig Anthony Washington
(born 1941)
 Texas's 18th December 9, 1989 January 3, 1995 Democratic 101st
(1989–1991) 		[65] [note 61]
102nd
(1991–1993)
103rd
(1993–1995)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Barbara-Rose Collins
(born 1939)
 Michigan's 13th January 3, 1991 January 3, 1993 Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[66] [note 62]
Michigan's 15th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1997 103rd
(1993–1995)
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Gary Franks
(born 1953)
 Connecticut's 5th January 3, 1991 January 3, 1997 Republican 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[67] [note 63]
103rd
(1993–1995)
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | William J. Jefferson
(born 1947)
 Louisiana's 2nd January 3, 1991 January 3, 2009 Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[68] [note 64]
THRU
110th
(2007–2009)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Maxine Waters
(born 1938)
 California's 29th January 3, 1991 January 3, 1993 Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[69] [note 65]
California's 35th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 103rd
(1993–1995)
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
California's 43rd January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Lucien E. Blackwell
(1931–2003)
 Pennsylvania's 2nd November 5, 1991 January 3, 1995 Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[70] [note 66]
103rd
(1993–1995)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Eva M. Clayton
(born 1934)
 North Carolina's 1st November 3, 1992 January 3, 2003 Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[71] [note 67]
THRU
107th
(2001–2003)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Sanford Bishop
(born 1947)
 Georgia's 2nd January 3, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[72]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Corrine Brown
(born 1946)
 Florida's 3rd January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[73]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
Florida's 5th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Jim Clyburn
(born 1940)
 South Carolina's 6th January 3, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[74] [note 68]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Cleo Fields
(born 1962)
 Louisiana's 4th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1997 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[75] [note 69]
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Alcee Hastings
(born 1936)
 Florida's 23rd January 3, 1993 January 3, 2013 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[76]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
Florida's 20th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Earl F. Hilliard
(born 1942)
 Alabama's 7th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2003 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[77] [note 70]
THRU
107th
(2001–2003)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Eddie Bernice Johnson
(born 1935)
 Texas's 30th January 3, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[78] [note 71]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Cynthia McKinney
(born 1955)
 Georgia's 11th January 3, 1993 January 3, 1997 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[79] [note 72]
104th
(1995–1997)
Georgia's 4th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2003 105th
(1997–1999)
106th
(1999–2001)
107th
(2001–2003)
January 3, 2005 January 3, 2007 109th
(2005–2007)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Carrie P. Meek
(born 1926)
 Florida's 17th January 3, 1993 January 3, 2003 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[80] [note 73]
THRU
107th
(2001–2003)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mel Reynolds
(born 1952)
 Illinois's 2nd January 3, 1993 October 1, 1995 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[81] [note 74]
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Bobby Rush
(born 1946)
 Illinois's 1st January 3, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[82]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robert C. Scott
(born 1947)
 Virginia's 3rd January 3, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[83]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Walter Tucker
(born 1957)
 California's 37th January 3, 1993 December 15, 1995 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[84] [note 75]
104th
(1995–1997)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mel Watt
(born 1945)
 North Carolina's 12th January 3, 1993 January 6, 2014 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[85] [note 76]
THRU
113th
(2013–2015)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Albert Wynn
(born 1951)
 Maryland's 4th January 3, 1993 May 31, 2008 Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[86] [note 77]
THRU
110th
(2007–2009)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Bennie Thompson
(born 1948)
 Mississippi's 2nd April 13, 1993 Incumbent Democratic 103rd
(1993–1995) 		[87] [note 78]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Chaka Fattah
(born 1956)
 Pennsylvania's 2nd January 3, 1995 Incumbent Democratic 104th
(1995–1997) 		[88]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Sheila Jackson-Lee
(born 1950)
 Texas's 18th January 3, 1995 Incumbent Democratic 104th
(1995–1997) 		[89]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | J. C. Watts
(born 1957)
 Oklahoma's 4th January 3, 1995 January 3, 2003 Republican 104th
(1995–1997) 		[90] [note 79]
105th
(1997–1999)
106th
(1999–2001)
107th
(2001–2003)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Jesse Jackson, Jr.
(born 1965)
 Illinois's 2nd December 12, 1995 November 21, 2012 Democratic 104th
(1995–1997) 		[91] [note 80]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Juanita Millender-McDonald
(1938–2007)
 California's 37th March 26, 1996 April 22, 2007 Democratic 104th
(1995–1997) 		[92] [note 81]
THRU
110th
(2007–2009)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Elijah Cummings
(born 1951)
 Maryland's 7th April 16, 1996 Incumbent Democratic 104th
(1995–1997) 		[93] [note 82]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Julia Carson
(1938-2007)
 Indiana's 10th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2003 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[94] [note 83]
106th
(1999-2001)
107th
(2001–2003)
Indiana's 7th January 3, 2003 December 15, 2007 108th
(2003–2005)
109th
(2005–2007)
110th
(2007–2009)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Danny K. Davis
(born 1941)
 Illinois's 7th January 3, 1997 Incumbent Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[95]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Harold Ford, Jr.
(born 1970)
 Tennessee's 9th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2007 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[96] [note 84]
THRU
109th
(2005–2007)
rowspan="6" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick
(born 1945)
 Michigan's 15th January 3, 1997 January 3, 2003 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[97] [note 85]
106th
(1999–2001)
107th
(2001–2003)
Michigan's 13th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2011 108th
(2003–2005)
THRU
111th
(2009–2011)
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Gregory W. Meeks
(born 1953)
 New York's 6th February 3, 1998 January 3, 2013 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[98] [note 86]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
New York's 5th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Barbara Lee
(born 1946)
 California's 9th April 7, 1998 January 3, 2013 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[99] [note 87]
THRU
112th
(2011–2013)
California's 13th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Stephanie Tubbs Jones
(1949–2008)
 Ohio's 11th January 3, 1999 August 20, 2008 Democratic 106th
(1999–2001) 		[100] [note 88]
THRU
110th
(2007–2009)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | William Lacy Clay, Jr.
(born 1956)
 Missouri's 1st January 3, 2001 Incumbent Democratic 107th
(2001–2003) 		[101] [note 89]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Diane Watson
(born 1933)
 California's 32nd June 5, 2001 January 3, 2003 Democratic 107th
(2001–2003) 		[102] [note 90]
California's 33rd January 3, 2003 January 3, 2011 108th
(2003–2005)
THRU
111th
(2009–2011)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Frank Ballance
(born 1942)
 North Carolina's 1st January 3, 2003 June 11, 2004 Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[103] [note 91]
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Artur Davis
(born 1967)
 Alabama's 7th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2011 Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[104] [note 92]
109th
(2005–2007)
110th
(2007–2009)
111th
(2009–2011)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Denise Majette
(born 1955)
 Georgia's 4th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2005 Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[105] [note 93]
rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Kendrick Meek
(born 1966)
 Florida's 17th January 3, 2003 January 3, 2011 Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[106] [note 94]
109th
(2005–2007)
110th
(2007–2009)
111th
(2009–2011)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | David Scott
(born 1945)
 Georgia's 13th January 3, 2003 Incumbent Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[107]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | G. K. Butterfield
(born 1947)
 North Carolina's 1st July 20, 2004 Incumbent Democratic 108th
(2003–2005) 		[108] [note 95]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Emanuel Cleaver
(born 1944)
 Missouri's 5th January 3, 2005 Incumbent Democratic 109th
(2005–2007) 		[109] [note 96]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Al Green
(born 1947)
 Texas's 9th January 3, 2005 Incumbent Democratic 109th
(2005–2007) 		[110]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Gwen Moore
(born 1951)
 Wisconsin's 4th January 3, 2005 Incumbent Democratic 109th
(2005–2007) 		[111] [note 97]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Yvette D. Clarke
(born 1964)
 New York's 11th January 3, 2007 January 3, 2013 Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[112]
111th
(2009–2011)
112th
(2011–2013)
New York's 9th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Keith Ellison
(born 1963)
 Minnesota's 5th January 3, 2007 Incumbent Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[113] [note 98]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Hank Johnson
(born 1954)
 Georgia's 4th January 3, 2007 Incumbent Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[114]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Laura Richardson
(born 1962)
 California's 37th August 21, 2007 January 3, 2013 Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[115] [note 99]
111th
(2009–2011)
112th
(2011–2013)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | André Carson
(born 1974)
 Indiana's 7th March 11, 2008 Incumbent Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[116] [note 100]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Donna Edwards
(born 1958)
 Maryland's 4th June 17, 2008 Incumbent Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[117] [note 101]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Marcia Fudge
(born 1952)
 Ohio's 11th November 18, 2008 Incumbent Democratic 110th
(2007–2009) 		[118] [note 102]
THRU
114th
(2015–2017)

Fifth generation of African-American House members, 2011–present

(Note: Representatives and delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Parties

  Democratic   Republican   Independent

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Karen Bass
(born 1953)
 California's 33rd January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[119]
California's 37th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Hansen Clarke
(born 1957)
 Michigan's 13th January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[120] [note 103]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Cedric Richmond
(born 1973)
 Louisiana's 2nd January 3, 2011 Incumbent Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[121]
113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Tim Scott
(born 1965)
 South Carolina's 1st January 3, 2011 January 2, 2013 Republican 112th
(2011–2013) 		[122] [note 104]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Terri Sewell
(born 1965)
 Alabama's 7th January 3, 2011 Incumbent Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[123] [note 105]
113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Allen West
(born 1961)
 Florida's 22nd January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Republican 112th
(2011–2013) 		[124] [note 106]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Frederica Wilson
(born 1942)
 Florida's 17th January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[125]
Florida's 24th January 3, 2013 Incumbent 113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Donald Payne, Jr.
(born 1958)
 New Jersey's 10th November 6, 2012 Incumbent Democratic 112th
(2011–2013) 		[126] [note 107]
113th
(2013–2015)
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Joyce Beatty
(born 1950)
 Ohio's 3rd January 3, 2013 Incumbent Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[127]
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Steven Horsford
(born 1973)
 Nevada's 4th January 3, 2013 January 3, 2015 Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[128] [note 108]
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Hakeem Jeffries
(born 1970)
 New York's 8th January 3, 2013 Incumbent Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[129]
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Marc Veasey
(born 1971)
 Texas's 33rd January 3, 2013 Incumbent Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[130]
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Robin Kelly
(born 1956)
 Illinois's 2nd April 9, 2013 Incumbent Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[131] [note 109]
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Alma Adams
(born 1946)
 North Carolina's 12th November 12, 2014 Incumbent Democratic 113th
(2013–2015) 		[132] [note 110]
114th
(2015–2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Bonnie Watson Coleman
(born 1945)
 New Jersey's 12th January 3, 2015 Incumbent Democratic 114th
(2015–2017) 		[133]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Will Hurd
(born 1977)
 Texas's 23rd January 3, 2015 Incumbent Republican 114th
(2015–2017) 		[134]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Brenda Lawrence
(born 1954)
 Michigan's 14th January 3, 2015 Incumbent Democratic 114th
(2015–2017) 		[135]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Mia Love
(born 1975)
 Utah's 4th January 3, 2015 Incumbent Republican 114th
(2015–2017) 		[136] [note 111]


Delegates in the House (non-voting members)

(Note: Representatives and delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political Parties

  Democratic   Republican   Independent

Delegate Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Walter E. Fauntroy
(born 1933)
 District of Columbia's at-large March 23, 1971 January 3, 1991 Democratic 92nd
(1971–1973) 		[137] [note 112]
THRU
101st
(1989–1991)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Melvin H. Evans
(1917–1984)
 Virgin Islands's at-large January 3, 1979 January 3, 1981 Republican 96th
(1979–1981) 		[138] [note 113]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Eleanor Holmes Norton
(born 1937)
 District of Columbia's at-large January 3, 1991 Incumbent Democratic 102nd
(1991–1993) 		[139]
THRU
114th
(2015-2017)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Independent Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Victor O. Frazer
(born 1943)
 Virgin Islands's at-large January 3, 1995 January 3, 1997 Independent 104th
(1995–1997) 		[140] [note 114]
rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Donna Christian-Christensen
(born 1945)
 Virgin Islands's at-large January 3, 1997 January 3, 2015 Democratic 105th
(1997–1999) 		[141] [note 115]
THRU
113th
(2013–2015)
rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | Stacey Plaskett
(born 1964)
 Virgin Islands's at-large January 3, 2015 Incumbent Democratic 114th
(2015–2017) 		[142]

African Americans elected to the House of Representatives, but not seated

Political Party

  Republican

Representative Congressional District Took office Left office Party Congress Former slave Ref(s) Note(s)
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | John Willis Menard
(1838–1893)
 Louisiana's 2nd Denied seat Denied seat Republican 41st
(1869–1871) 		No [143] [note 116]
rowspan="1" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" width=16px | P. B. S. Pinchback
(1837–1921)
 Louisiana's at-large Denied seat Denied seat Republican 43rd
(1873–1875) 		No [144] [note 117]

See also

Federal government

State and local government

Notes

  1. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Benjamin Whittemore. Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives and the first to serve in Congress from South Carolina.
  2. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the House of Representatives denial to seat Samuel F. Gove. He retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Georgia.
  3. ^ Unseated in 1873 by a contested election that involved Christopher C. Bowen, the previous seat holder. The seat remained vacant until March 1873.
  4. ^ Resigned from office. Elected in November 1874 to the South Carolina House of Representatives.
  5. ^ Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Alabama.
  6. ^ Removed from office in 1873 and 1876 due to contested elections that involved Silas L. Niblack and Jesse Finley, respectively. First African American to serve in Congress from Florida.
  7. ^ Retired from office.
  8. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved James Chalmers in 1882. Lost office during reelection in 1883. First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi. Youngest member of the 43rd United States Congress at age 26.
  9. ^ Retired from office. Former Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina.
  10. ^ Lost office during reelection.
  11. ^ Lost office during reelection.
  12. ^ Lost office during re-nomination. First African American to serve in Congress from North Carolina.
  13. ^ Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Louisiana.
  14. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved George Tillman in 1882. Elected in 1884 to fill vacancy caused by death of Edmund Mackey. Lost reelection and retired from office in final term.
  15. ^ Lost office during reelection.
  16. ^ Lost office during reelection. Brother-in-law of George Henry White.
  17. ^ Seated in Congress after the contested election that involved Edward Venable in September 1890. Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from Virginia.
  18. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in September 1890. Lost office during reelection in final term.
  19. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in June 1896. Lost office during reelection. Distant relative of Jim Clyburn.
  20. ^ Retired from office. Brother-in-law of Henry P. Cheatham.
  21. ^ Lost office during reelection to Arthur W. Mitchell. First African American to serve in Congress from Illinois and the first to serve from outside the southern states.
  22. ^ Retired from office. First African American to be elected to Congress as a Democrat.
  23. ^ Died while in office.
  24. ^ Excluded from membership in the 90th United States Congress in February 1967. Reelected to fill vacancy caused by exclusion from membership, but did not take oath of office. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from New York.[28]
  25. ^ Censured, resigned and jailed for three years for mail fraud. First African American to serve in Congress from Michigan. The first person to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 91st United States Congress during the first session.
  26. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of Earl Chudoff In 1958. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from Pennsylvania.
  27. ^ Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from California.
  28. ^ First African-American to become Dean of the United States House of Representatives.
  29. ^ Retired from office. First African-American woman to serve in Congress and the first African-American woman to run as a presidential candidate in 1972.
  30. ^ Retired from office. His son, William Lacy Clay, Jr., succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Missouri.
  31. ^ Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Ohio. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 92nd United States Congress during the second session and in the 93rd United States Congress during the first session.
  32. ^ Elected to Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Daniel Ronan. Died while in office and his wife, Cardiss Collins, filled the vacancy caused by his death.
  33. ^ Resigned from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 101st United States Congress.
  34. ^ Died while in office.
  35. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully as Lieutenant Governor of Maryland. First African American to serve in Congress from Maryland. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 95th United States Congress.
  36. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the in the 93rd United States Congress during the second session and in the 94th United States Congress during the first session.
  37. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully as Attorney General of California. First woman to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 94th United States Congress during the second session.
  38. ^ Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Texas.
  39. ^ Resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
  40. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of her husband, George W. Collins. Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 96th United States Congress.
  41. ^ Retired from office. His son, Harold Ford, Jr. succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Tennessee.
  42. ^ Reelected to the 107th United States Congress, but died before the commencement of the Congress. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 98th United States Congress
  43. ^ Resigned to become President of the United Negro College Fund. Served as chair for the House Democratic Caucus during the 101st United States Congress and House Democratic Whip during the 102nd United States Congress.
  44. ^ Died while in office. Served as chair for the Congressional Black Caucus in the 99th United States Congress.
  45. ^ Lost office during renomination.
  46. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Diggs. Retired from office.
  47. ^ Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 100th United States Congress.
  48. ^ Lost office during renomination.
  49. ^ Resigned to become Mayor of Chicago.
  50. ^ Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Adam Benjamin, Jr. Lost office during renomination. First African American to serve in Congress from Indiana.
  51. ^ Retired from office.
  52. ^ Retired from office. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 102nd United States Congress.
  53. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate seat in Missouri.
  54. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Harold Washington. Lost office during renomination.
  55. ^ Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Joseph Addabbo. Lost office during renomination.
  56. ^ Resigned to become the United States Secretary of Agriculture.
  57. ^ Resigned to become a pastor at the Allen African Methodist Episcopal Church.
  58. ^ Served as Democratic chief whip in the 102nd through 109th Congresses. Also, served as the Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whip in the 110th through 112th Congresses.
  59. ^ .Resigned to become Executive Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd United States Congress. Also, served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress
  60. ^ Died while in office. His son, Donald Payne, Jr., succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from New Jersey. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 104th United States Congress.
  61. ^ Elected to office to fill vacancy caused by death of Mickey Leland. Lost office during renomination.
  62. ^ Lost office during renomination.
  63. ^ Lost office during reelection. First African America to serve in Congress from Connecticut.
  64. ^ Lost office during reelection; first African-American Democrat to be defeated for reelection by a Republican. Sentenced to 13 years for bribery after a corruption investigation.
  65. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 105th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the Democratic Steering Committee in the 105th through 108th Congresses. Served as Democratic chief deputy whip in the 106th through 112th Congresses.
  66. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Gray. Lost office during renomination.
  67. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Walter B. Jones, Sr.. Retired from office. Served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress.
  68. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 106th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus in the 108th through 109th Congresses. Served as House majority whip in the 110th through 111th Congresses. Served as the Assistant Democratic Leader in the 112th United States Congress. Distant relative of George W. Murray.
  69. ^ Retired from office. Youngest member of the 103rd United States Congress at age 30.
  70. ^ Lost office during renomination.
  71. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 107th United States Congress.
  72. ^ Lost office during renomination for the 2003 and 2007 term.
  73. ^ Retired from office. Her son, Kendrick Meek, succeeded her in office.
  74. ^ Resigned after being convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography and being sentenced to five years in prison.
  75. ^ Resigned due to scandals involving accepting and demanding bribes while mayor of Compton. Tucker was sentenced to 27 months in prison for extortion and tax evasion.
  76. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 109th United States Congress. Resigned to become Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
  77. ^ Lost office during renomination and resigned.
  78. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mike Espy.
  79. ^ Retired from office. First African American to serve in Congress from Oklahoma. Served as chair of the House Republican Conference in the 106th through 107th Congresses.
  80. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mel Reynolds. Resigned, citing mental and physical health problems, but acknowledging that he was under two separate investigations by the House Ethics Committee and the FBI. Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud. He was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison.
  81. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Walter Tucker. Died while in office.
  82. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Kweisi Mfume. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 108th United States Congress.
  83. ^ Died while in office and her grandson, André Carson, filled the vacancy caused by her death.
  84. ^ Succeeded his father, Harold Ford, Sr., in office. Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Tennessee. Youngest member of the 105th United States Congress at age 26.
  85. ^ Lost office during renomination. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 110th United States Congress.
  86. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Floyd H. Flake.
  87. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Ron Dellums. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 111th United States Congress.
  88. ^ Died while in office.
  89. ^ Succeeded his father, Bill Clay, in office.
  90. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Julian C. Dixon. Retired from office.
  91. ^ Resigned and was sentenced to four years in prison, two years supervised release, and fined $10,000, for mail fraud and money laundering.
  92. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully as Governor of Alabama. Became a member of the Republican Party in 2012.
  93. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Georgia.
  94. ^ Succeeded his mother, Carrie P. Meek, in office. Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from Florida.
  95. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Ballance. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 114th United States Congress.
  96. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 112th United States Congress.
  97. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Wisconsin.
  98. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Minnesota and the first Muslim to serve in Congress.
  99. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Juanita Millender-McDonald. In 2012 was reprimanded due to use of Congressional office staff in 2010 House election campaign. Lost office during reelection.
  100. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his grandmother, Julia Carson.
  101. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Albert Wynn.
  102. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 113th United States Congress.
  103. ^ Lost office during renomination.
  104. ^ Appointed to Senate by South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley to replace Jim DeMint. Served as Republican assistant majority whip in the 112th United States Congress. First African American to serve in both chambers of the United States Congress.
  105. ^ Served as Democratic senior whip in the 112th United States Congress.
  106. ^ Lost office during reelection.
  107. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his father, Donald M. Payne.
  108. ^ Lost office during reelection; first African-American Democrat to be defeated for reelection by a white Republican. First African American to serve in Congress from Nevada.
  109. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Jesse Jackson, Jr.
  110. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Mel Watt
  111. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Utah and first Haitian American to serve in Congress.
  112. ^ Elected to serve in Congress after the District of Columbia was authorized to elect a Delegate by the District of Columbia Delegate Act of 1970. Retired to run unsuccessfully for Mayor of the District of Columbia. First African American to serve as a delegate for the District of Columbia. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 97th United States Congress.
  113. ^ Lost office during reelection. First African American to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
  114. ^ Lost office during reelection.
  115. ^ Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Virgin Islands. First woman elected to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
  116. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of James Mann. Denied seat due to a contested election that involved Caleb S. Hunt, but was permitted to address the House while in session. First African American elected to Congress, but denied seat.
  117. ^ Denied seat due to a contested election that involved George A. Sheridan.

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Further reading

  • Clay, William L. Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991. Amistad Press, 1992. ISBN 1-56743-000-7
  • Dray, Philip. Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen. Houghton Mifflin Co, 2008. ISBN 978-0-618-56370-8
  • Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders during Reconstruction. 1996. Revised. ISBN 0-8071-2082-0
  • Freedman, Eric. African Americans in Congress: A Documentary History. CQ Press, 2007. ISBN 0-87289-385-5
  • Gill, LaVerne McCain. African American Women in Congress: Forming and Transforming History. Rutgers University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8135-2353-2
  • Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South From Slavery to the Great Migration. 2003. ISBN 0-674-01169-4
  • Haskins, James. Distinguished African American Political and Governmental Leaders. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press, 1999. ISBN 1-57356-126-6
  • Middleton, Stephen. Black Congressmen During Reconstruction : A Documentary Sourcebook. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002. ISBN 0-313-06512-8
  • Rabinowitz, Howard N. Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era. University of Illinois Press, 1982. ISBN 0-252-00929-0
  • Walton, Jr., Hanes; Puckett, Sherman C.; Deskins, Jr., Donald R. (2012). The African American Electorate: A Statistical History. Congressional Quarterly Press. ISBN 9780872895089.
  • Wasniewski, Matthew as editor. Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 2008. ISBN 0-16080-194-5. The website, Black Americans in Congress maintained by the Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, serves as an ongoing supplement to the book. To download a free copy of the entire publication or a specific portion of the publication, see H. Doc. 108-224 - Black Americans in Congress 1870 - 2007. Made available by the United States Government Printing Office (GPO).

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives&diff=prev&oldid=641430529

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