THC Science

The Honourable
Leonard Marchand
PC CM OBC
The Honourable Leonard Marchand PC CM OBC
Minister of the Environment
	In office; 2 April 1979 – 3 June 1979
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Roméo LeBlanc
Succeeded by	John Allen Fraser
Senator for Kamloops-Cariboo, British Columbia
	In office; 29 June 1984 – 1 March 1998
Appointed by	Pierre Trudeau
Member of Parliament; for Kamloops–Cariboo
	In office; 25 June 1968 – 21 May 1979
Preceded by	Riding created
Succeeded by	Riding dissolved
Personal details
Born	Leonard Stephen Marchand; 16 November 1933; Vernon, British Columbia, Canada
Died	3 June 2016 (aged 82); Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Donna Parr (m. 1960)
Children	2
Alma mater	University of British Columbia (BS); University of Idaho (MS);
Profession	Agricultural scientist

Leonard Stephen "Len" Marchand PC CM OBC (16 November 1933 – 3 June 2016) was a Canadian politician. He was the first person of First Nations status to serve in the federal cabinet, after being the first Status Indian elected and serving as a Member of Parliament. He was also the first First Nations person to serve as a Parliamentarian. He served as Parliamentary Secretary, Minister of State, Minister of the Environment and Senator. ^[1]

Early life[edit]

Marchand was born in Vernon, British Columbia on November 16, 1933.^[2] A member of the Okanagan Indian Band, he attended school at the Okanagan Indian Day School, the Kamloops Indian Residential School and Vernon high school.^[3] He went on to graduate from the University of British Columbia in 1959 with a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture.^[3] In 1964 Marchand later completed a master's degree in range management from the University of Idaho.^[2] After pursuing a career as an agronomist, he left the field in the mid-1960s to work with the North American Indian Brotherhood. His work in native affairs took him to Ottawa to lobby on Aboriginal issues. He was hired as a special assistant to two successive Cabinet ministers.

Career[edit]

Marchand entered politics and was elected to the House of Commons in the 1968 election as a Liberal Party candidate for the British Columbia riding of Kamloops-Cariboo. He defeated high-profile Progressive Conservative candidate E. Davie Fulton. He was the first Status Indian to be elected as an MP.

He became parliamentary secretary to Jean Chrétien, who was the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, helping persuade Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to begin land settlement negotiations between the federal government and the First Nations.

In 1976, Marchand was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of State for small business. He was the first Status Indian to be appointed to a cabinet position. In 1977, he was promoted to Minister of the Environment, and held the post until his and the government's defeat in the 1979 election.

Marchand returned to British Columbia where he became administrator for the Nicola Valley Indian Administration. In 1984, he was appointed to the Senate, the second First Nations Canadian to be appointed (the first was officially James Gladstone, but in reality was Guy Williams). Marchand persuaded the Upper House to establish the Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, on which he served as chairman.

Marchand retired from the Senate in 1998 at the age of 64, eleven years ahead of the mandatory retirement age, in order to spend more time in British Columbia. He died on June 3, 2016.^[4]

Member of Parliament Robert Falcon Ouellette gave a tribute to Len Marchand in the House of Commons on June 9, 2016.^[5]

Family[edit]

Marchard is the father of Leonard Marchand Jr., who was appointed Chief Justice of British Columbia and the Chief Justice of the Court of Appeal of Yukon in December 2023.^[6] and of Lori Marchand, who is the first Managing Director of Indigenous Theatre at the National Arts Centre (NAC). Steadfast in her approach, she has been in the role in April 2018, where her work focusses on ensuring First Nations, Métis and Inuit stories are brought to the national stage.

Legacy and honours[edit]

In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.
In 2000, Caitlin Press published his autobiography, Breaking Trail.
In 2014, Marchand received the Order of British Columbia.^[7]

Ribbon	Description	Notes
	Order of Canada (CM)	Member 1999
	Order of British Columbia (OBC)	Member 2014 ^[8]
	Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal	1977 Canadian Version of this Medal
	125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal	1992
	Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal	2002 Canadian Version of this Medal
	Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal	2012 Canadian version of this Medal

Marchand was sworn in as a Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on 15 September 1976, giving him the accordant style "The Honourable" and the post-nominal letters "PC" for life.
In 1999, Marchand was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Thompson Rivers University.^[9]

Election results[edit]

1968 Canadian federal election: Kamloops—Cariboo
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Leonard Stephen Marchand	13,000	40.48
	Progressive Conservative	Edmund Davie Fulton	9,704	30.22
	New Democratic	Vernor Wilfred Jones	7,566	23.56
	Social Credit	Peter Robert Gook	1,842	5.74
Total valid votes			32,112	100.0
This riding was created from Cariboo and Kamloops, which elected a Social Credit and a Progressive Conservative, respectively, in the last election. Davie Fulton was the incumbent from Kamloops.

1972 Canadian federal election: Kamloops—Cariboo
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Leonard S. Marchand	14,707	35.19	-5.29
	Progressive Conservative	Roy Hewson	13,993	33.48	+3.26
	New Democratic	John Farr	11,002	26.33	+2.77
	Social Credit	Peter R. Gook	2,089	5.00	-0.74
Total valid votes			41,791	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		-4.28

1974 Canadian federal election: Kamloops—Cariboo
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Len Marchand	20,474	41.73	+6.54
	Progressive Conservative	Donald W. Couch	17,328	35.32	+1.84
	New Democratic	Ron Anderson	9,478	19.32	-7.01
	Social Credit	Laurie Brigden	1,782	3.63	-1.37
Total valid votes			49,062	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		+2.35

Archives[edit]

There is a Leonard Marchand fonds at Library and Archives Canada.^[10]

References[edit]

^ ICTMN Staff, "Len Marchand, First Status Indian Elected to Canadian Parliament, Walks On" Archived 2016-10-26 at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today Media Network, 7 June 2016
^ ^a ^b "Profile of Federal Candidates Kamlooos-Shuswap Riding". Eagle Valley News. 18 April 1979. p. 18.
^ ^a ^b Williams, Bryce (20 June 1968). "Kamloops: 23-Year Fulton Empire Shaky?". The Vancouver Sun. p. 6.
^ "Len Marchand Sr., former MP and senator, has died - Kamloops This Week". Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
^ https://openparliament.ca/debates/2016/6/6/robert-falcon-ouellette-1/
^ "Prime Minister announces appointment of new Chief Justice of British Columbia". Prime Minister of Canada. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
^ Okanagan band member receives Order of B.C.
^ "2014 Recipient: The Honourable Leonard Marchand – Kamloops : Order of BC".
^ "1999 Honorary Degree Recipients, Thompson Rivers University".
^ "Leonard Marchand fonds, Library and Archives Canada". 20 July 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

External links[edit]

[marchand-1] ICTMN Staff, "Len Marchand, First Status Indian Elected to Canadian Parliament, Walks On" Archived 2016-10-26 at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today Media Network, 7 June 2016

[EVNProfile-2] "Profile of Federal Candidates Kamlooos-Shuswap Riding". Eagle Valley News. 18 April 1979. p. 18.

[Williams-3] Williams, Bryce (20 June 1968). "Kamloops: 23-Year Fulton Empire Shaky?". The Vancouver Sun. p. 6.

[4] "Len Marchand Sr., former MP and senator, has died - Kamloops This Week". Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.

[5] ttps://openparliament.ca/debates/2016/6/6/robert-falcon-ouellette-1/

[6] "Prime Minister announces appointment of new Chief Justice of British Columbia". Prime Minister of Canada. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

[7] Okanagan band member receives Order of B.C.

[8] "2014 Recipient: The Honourable Leonard Marchand – Kamloops : Order of BC".

[9] "1999 Honorary Degree Recipients, Thompson Rivers University".

[10] "Leonard Marchand fonds, Library and Archives Canada". 20 July 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Canadian politician (1933–2016)}}
-{{Infobox Officeholder
+{{about||his son, the judge|Leonard Marchand Jr.}}
+{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
+{{Infobox officeholder
 | honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
 | name             = Leonard Marchand
-| honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CM|OBC}}
+| honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CM|OBC|size=100%}}
 | image            =
+| office             = [[Minister of the Environment (Canada)|Minister of the Environment]]
-| constituency_MP  = [[Kamloops–Cariboo]]
-| parliament       = Canadian
+| primeminister      = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
-| predecessor      = District was created in 1966
+| term_start         = 2 April 1979
-| successor        = District was abolished in 1976
+| term_end           = 3 June 1979
-| term_start       = 1968
+| predecessor        = [[Roméo LeBlanc]]
-| term_end         = 1979
+| successor          = [[John Allen Fraser]]
+| office1          = [[Senate of Canada|Senator]] for Kamloops-Cariboo, British Columbia
+| appointed1       = Pierre Trudeau
-| office2          = [[Senate of Canada|Senator]] for Kamloops-Cariboo, British Columbia
-| appointed2       = [[Pierre Trudeau]]
+| term_start1      = 29 June 1984
-| term_start2      = 1984
+| term_end1        = 1 March 1998
-| term_end2        = 1998
+| riding2           = [[Kamloops–Cariboo]]
+| parliament2       = Canadian
-| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1933|11|16}}
+| term_start2       = 25 June 1968
-| birth_place      = Vernon, British Columbia
+| term_end2         = 21 May 1979
-| death_date       =
+| predecessor2      = ''Riding created''
-| death_place      =
+| successor2        = ''Riding dissolved''
+| birth_name        = Leonard Stephen Marchand
+| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1933|11|16|df=y}}
+| birth_place      = [[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
+| death_date       = {{death date and age|2016|6|3|1933|11|16|df=y}}
+| death_place      = [[Kamloops]], British Columbia, Canada
 | nationality      =
-| spouse           =
+| spouse           = {{marriage|Donna Parr|1960}}
 | party            = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
 | relations        =
-| children         =
+| children         = 2
 | residence        =
-| alma_mater       =
+| alma_mater       =  {{plainlist|
+* [[University of British Columbia]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])
+* [[University of Idaho]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])
+}}
 | occupation       =
-| profession       =
+| profession       = [[Agricultural scientist]]
 | religion         =
 }}
-'''Leonard Stephen Marchand''', {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CM|OBC}} (November 16, 1933 - June 3, 2016<ref>http://www.kamloopsthisweek.com/len-marchand-sr-former-mp-and-senator-has-died/</ref>) is a former [[Canada|Canadian]] politician.  He was the first person of [[First Nations]] ethnicity to serve in the [[Canadian Cabinet|federal cabinet]], and was the first [[Status Indian]] to serve as a [[Member of Parliament]].
+'''Leonard Stephen "Len" Marchand''' {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|CM|OBC|size=100%}} (16 November 1933 – 3 June 2016) was a Canadian politician.  He was the first person of [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] status to serve in the [[Canadian Cabinet|federal cabinet]], after being the first [[Status Indian]] elected and serving as a [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]]. He was also the first First Nations person to serve as a Parliamentarian. He served as Parliamentary Secretary, Minister of State, Minister of the Environment and Senator.
-Marchand was born in [[Vernon, British Columbia]] as a member of the [[Okanagan Indian Band]]. An [[agronomist]] by training, he left his profession in the mid-1960s to work with the North American Indian Brotherhood. His work in native affairs took him to [[Ottawa]] to lobby on aboriginal issues, and he was hired as a special assistant to two successive Cabinet ministers.
+<ref name="marchand">[http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/07/len-marchand-first-status-indian-elected-canadian-parliament-walks-164701 ICTMN Staff, "Len Marchand, First Status Indian Elected to Canadian Parliament, Walks On"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026135356/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2016/06/07/len-marchand-first-status-indian-elected-canadian-parliament-walks-164701 |date=2016-10-26 }}, ''Indian Country Today'' Media Network, 7 June 2016</ref>
+==Early life==
-He entered politics and was elected to the [[Canadian House of Commons]] in the [[Canadian federal election, 1968|1968 election]] as a [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] candidate for the [[British Columbia]] [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of Kamloops-Cariboo. He defeated high-profile [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] candidate [[E. Davie Fulton]].
+Marchand was born in [[Vernon, British Columbia]] on November 16, 1933.<ref name="EVNProfile" /> A member of the [[Okanagan Indian Band]], he attended school at the [[Okanagan Indian Day School]], the [[Kamloops Indian Residential School]] and Vernon high school.<ref name="Williams">{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Bryce |title=Kamloops: 23-Year Fulton Empire Shaky? |work=The Vancouver Sun |date=20 June 1968 |page=6}}</ref> He went on to graduate from the [[University of British Columbia]] in 1959 with a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture.<ref name="Williams" /> In 1964 Marchand later completed a master's degree in range management from the [[University of Idaho]].<ref name="EVNProfile">{{cite news |title=Profile of Federal Candidates Kamlooos-Shuswap Riding |work=Eagle Valley News |date=18 April 1979 |page=18}}</ref> After pursuing a career as an [[agronomist]], he left the field in the mid-1960s to work with the North American Indian Brotherhood. His work in native affairs took him to [[Ottawa]] to lobby on Aboriginal issues. He was hired as a special assistant to two successive Cabinet ministers.
+==Career==
-He became [[parliamentary secretary]] to [[Jean Chrétien]], who was the [[Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development]] and persuaded [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Pierre Trudeau]] to begin land settlement negotiations between the federal government and the [[First Nations]].
+Marchand entered politics and was elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in the [[1968 Canadian federal election|1968 election]] as a [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] candidate for the [[British Columbia]] [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of Kamloops-Cariboo. He defeated high-profile [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] candidate [[E. Davie Fulton]]. He was the first [[Status Indian]] to be elected as an MP.
-In 1976, Marchand was appointed to the Cabinet as [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] for small business. In 1977, he was promoted to [[Minister of the Environment (Canada)|Minister of the Environment]], and held the post until his and the government's defeat in the [[Canadian federal election, 1979|1979 election]].
+He became [[parliamentary secretary]] to [[Jean Chrétien]], who was the [[Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development]], helping persuade [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Pierre Trudeau]] to begin land settlement negotiations between the federal government and the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]].
+In 1976, Marchand was appointed to the Cabinet as [[Minister of State (Canada)|Minister of State]] for small business. He was the first Status Indian to be appointed to a cabinet position. In 1977, he was promoted to [[Minister of the Environment (Canada)|Minister of the Environment]], and held the post until his and the government's defeat in the [[1979 Canadian federal election|1979 election]].
-Marchand returned to British Columbia where he became administrator for the Nicola Valley Indian Administration. In 1984, he was appointed to the [[Canadian Senate]], the second Aboriginal Canadian to be appointed (the first was [[James Gladstone]]). Marchand persuaded the Upper House to establish the Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, on which Marchand served as chairman.
+Marchand returned to British Columbia where he became administrator for the Nicola Valley Indian Administration. In 1984, he was appointed to the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]], the second First Nations Canadian to be appointed (the first was officially [[James Gladstone]], but in reality was [[Guy Williams (politician)|Guy Williams]]). Marchand persuaded the Upper House to establish the Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, on which he served as chairman.
-He retired from the Senate in 1998 at the age of 64, eleven years ahead of the mandatory retirement age, in order to spend more time in British Columbia.
+Marchand retired from the Senate in 1998 at the age of 64, eleven years ahead of the mandatory retirement age, in order to spend more time in British Columbia. He died on June 3, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kamloopsthisweek.com/len-marchand-sr-former-mp-and-senator-has-died/ |title=Len Marchand Sr., former MP and senator, has died - Kamloops This Week |access-date=2016-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910164311/http://www.kamloopsthisweek.com/len-marchand-sr-former-mp-and-senator-has-died/ |archive-date=2016-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In 1999, he was made a Member of the [[Order of Canada]].
+Member of Parliament [[Robert Falcon Ouellette]] gave a tribute to Len Marchand in the House of Commons on June 9, 2016.<ref>https://openparliament.ca/debates/2016/6/6/robert-falcon-ouellette-1/</ref>
-In 2000, Caitlin Press published his autobiography, "Breaking Trail."
+== Family ==
-In 2014, it was announced that Marchand would become a recipient of the [[Order of British Columbia]].<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/6PxxVCWA8 Okanagan band member receives Order of B.C.]</ref>
+Marchard is the father of [[Leonard Marchand Jr.]], who was appointed Chief Justice of British Columbia and the Chief Justice of the [[Court of Appeal of Yukon]] in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Prime Minister announces appointment of new Chief Justice of British Columbia |url=http://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2023/12/08/prime-minister-announces-appointment-new-chief-justice-british |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en}}</ref> and of [[Lori Marchand]], who is the first Managing Director of Indigenous Theatre at the [[National Arts Centre|National Arts Centre (NAC)]]. Steadfast in her approach, she has been in the role in April 2018, where her work focusses on ensuring First Nations, Métis and Inuit stories are brought to the national stage.
+==Legacy and honours==
-==Honours==
+*In 1999, he was made a Member of the [[Order of Canada]].
+*In 2000, Caitlin Press published his autobiography, ''Breaking Trail.''
+*In 2014, Marchand received the [[Order of British Columbia]].<ref>[https://www.webcitation.org/6PxxVCWA8?url=http://www.vernonmorningstar.com/news/261086411.html Okanagan band member receives Order of B.C.]</ref>
-<center>
+<div class="center">
-<br>
+<br />
 [[File:Order of Canada (CM) ribbon bar.png|100px]]
 [[File:Order British Columbia ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
-<br>
+<br />
 [[File:QEII Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
 [[File:125canada ribbon.png|100px]]
 [[File:Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
-[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
+[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
+</div>
+{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
-{| class="wikitable"
 |- style="background:silver;" align="center"
 |Ribbon || Description || Notes
@@ Line 75: / Line 93: @@
 * Member
 * 2014
-* <ref>https://www.orderofbc.gov.bc.ca/2014-recipient-the-honourable-leonard-marchand-kamloops/</ref>
+* <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orderofbc.gov.bc.ca/2014-recipient-the-honourable-leonard-marchand-kamloops/|title = 2014 Recipient: The Honourable Leonard Marchand – Kamloops : Order of BC}}</ref>
 |-
 |[[File:QEII Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|40px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal]] ||
@@ Line 88: / Line 106: @@
 * Canadian Version of this Medal
 |-
-|[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|40px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]] ||
+|[[File:QEII Diamond Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|40px]] || [[Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal]] ||
 * 2012
 * Canadian version of this Medal
 |-
 |}
-</center>
-* He was sworn in as a Member of the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] on 15 September 1976, Giving Him the accordant [[Style (manner of address)|Style]] of "[[The Honourable]]" and the [[List of post-nominal letters in Canada|Post Nominal Letters]] "PC" for Life.
+* Marchand was sworn in as a Member of the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] on 15 September 1976, giving him the accordant [[Style (manner of address)|style]] "[[The Honourable]]" and the [[List of post-nominal letters in Canada|post-nominal letters]] "PC" for life.
-* In 1999 He was Given the [[Honorary degree|Honorary Degree]] of [[Doctor of Laws]] from [[Thompson Rivers University]].  <ref>https://www.tru.ca/convocation/history/honorary-degree/1999.html#marchand</ref>
+* In 1999, Marchand was given the [[honorary degree]] of [[Doctor of Laws]] from [[Thompson Rivers University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tru.ca/convocation/history/honorary-degree/1999.html#marchand|title = 1999 Honorary Degree Recipients, Thompson Rivers University}}</ref>
+==Election results==
+{{1968 Canadian federal election/Kamloops—Cariboo}}
+{{1972 Canadian federal election/Kamloops—Cariboo}}
+{{1974 Canadian federal election/Kamloops—Cariboo}}
+== Archives ==
+There is a Leonard Marchand [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 July 2017|title=Leonard Marchand fonds, Library and Archives Canada|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=4594105&lang=eng|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=September 18, 2020|website=}}</ref>
 == References ==
@@ Line 102: / Line 127: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.elections.ca/eca/eim/article_search/article.asp?id=97&lang=e&frmPageSize=&textonly=false Leonard Marchand: The first Status Indian elected to Canada's Parliament]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071029171506/http://www.elections.ca/eca/eim/article_search/article.asp?id=97&lang=e&frmPageSize=&textonly=false Leonard Marchand: The first Status Indian elected to Canada's Parliament]
-* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=4ef2efff-d84c-42fd-b0e6-1f1a6cdc3f6e}}
+* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=2079}}
-*[http://www.amazon.ca/dp/092057680X Amazon.ca listing of "Breaking Trail.]
+*[https://www.amazon.ca/dp/092057680X Amazon.ca listing of "Breaking Trail.]
 {{CA-Ministers of the Environment}}
@@ Line 112: / Line 137: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Marchand, Leonard}}
 [[Category:1933 births]]
+[[Category:2016 deaths]]
 [[Category:First Nations politicians]]
 [[Category:Canadian senators from British Columbia]]
@@ Line 119: / Line 145: @@
 [[Category:Members of the Order of Canada]]
 [[Category:Members of the Order of British Columbia]]
-[[Category:Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]]
+[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
 [[Category:People from Vernon, British Columbia]]
-[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Syilx people]]
-[[Category:Syilx]]
 [[Category:Indigenous Members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
+[[Category:Indigenous Canadian senators]]
+[[Category:Indspire Awards]]
+[[Category:University of Idaho alumni]]
+[[Category:University of British Columbia alumni]]

Ministers of the Environment
Ministers of the Environment (1971–76)¹	Davis Sauvé LeBlanc (acting) J. Marchand LeBlanc (acting)
Minister of Fisheries and the Environment (1976–79)	LeBlanc
Minister of State (Environment) (1977–79)	L. Marchand
Ministers of the Environment (1979–2015)	L. Marchand Fraser Roberts Caccia Blais-Grenier McMillan Bouchard Oberle (acting) de Cotret Charest Vincent Copps Marchi Stewart Anderson Dion Ambrose Baird Prentice Baird Kent Aglukkaq
Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (2015–present)	McKenna Wilkinson Guilbeault
¹From 1971 to 1976 the Minister of the Environment was also the Minister of Fisheries.

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