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{{Short description|Title of early Bulgar rulers}}
{{Short description|Title of early Bulgar rulers}}
'''Kanasubigi''' ({{lang-el|ΚΑΝΑΣΥΒΙΓΙ}}), possibly read as ''Kanas Ubigi'' or ''Kanas U Bigi'' was a title of the early rulers of [[First Bulgarian Empire]]. [[Omurtag]] is the Bulgarian ruler mentioned in inscriptions as Kanasubigi.<ref>Theophanes Continuatus, p.64 and George Kedrenos</ref><ref name="inscriptions">''[http://mandara.narod.ru/nadpisi.htm "Inscriptions of Madara"]'', Inscription No.64. Retrieved 10 April 2012.</ref>
'''Kanasubigi''' ({{lang-el|ΚΑΝΑΣΥΒΙΓΙ}}), possibly read as ''Kanas Ubigi'' or ''Kanas U Bigi'', was a title of the early [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] rulers of [[First Bulgarian Empire]]. [[Omurtag]] and his son [[Malamir of Bulgaria|Malamir]] are mentioned in inscriptions as Kanasubigi.<ref>Николов, Г., Централизъм и регионализъм в ранносредновековна България (края на VII – началото на XI в.), Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, София 2005, {{ISBN|954-430-787-7}}, с. 107.</ref><ref>Гюзелев, В., Кавханите и ичиргу-боилите на българското ханство-царство (VII – XI в.), Фондация Българско историческо наследство; Пловдив 2007, {{ISBN|978-954-91983-1-7}}, с. 40, 61;</ref>


The title ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' for early [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] rulers is an assumed one, as only the form ''kanasubigi'' or "kanasybigi"<ref>Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, “The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans ; [papers ... Presented in the Three Special Sessions at the 40th and 42nd Editions of the International Congress on Medieval Studies Held at Kalamazzo in 2005 and 2007], BRILL, 2008, p. 363, {{ISBN|9789004163898}}</ref> is attested in stone inscriptions. Historians presume that it includes the title ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' in its archaic form ''kana'', and there is a presumptive evidence suggesting that the latter title was indeed used in [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]], e.g. the name of one of the Bulgars' ruler [[Pagan of Bulgaria|Pagan]] occurs in [[Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Patriarch Nicephorus]]'s so-called [[canonical hours|breviarium]] as {{lang|grc|Καμπαγάνος}} (''Kampaganos''), likely an erroneous rendition of the phrase "Kan Pagan".<ref>''Източници за българската история&nbsp;''. Fontes historiae bulgaricae, VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p. 305 (in [[Byzantine Greek language|Byzantine Greek]] and Bulgarian). [http://kroraina.com/NI/izvori/GIBI_III/GIBI%20III.djvu Also available online]</ref> Among the proposed translations for the phrase ''kanasubigi'' as a whole are ''lord of the army'', from the reconstructed [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] phrase ''*sü begi'', paralleling the attested [[Old Turkic]] ''sü baši'',<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/vb/vb_5.html Veselin Beševliev, ''Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici'' - 5<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ''*su-'' and ''baga-'', i.e. ''*su-baga'' (an equivalent of the [[Greek language|Greek]] phrase {{lang|grc|ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων}}, ''ho ek Theou archon'', which is common in Bulgar inscriptions).<ref>{{Cite journal |title=''Digital object identifier - Early Medieval Europe'', vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 1-19, March 2001 (Article Abstract)<!-- Bot generated title --> |doi=10.1111/1468-0254.00077 |s2cid=154863640 }}</ref> Another presumption is that the title means the ''great khan''.<ref>Élisabeth Malamut, À propos des formules protocolaires concernant les Bulgares dans le Livre des Cérémonies: réception et correspondance In: La diplomatie byzantine, de l’Empire romain aux confins de l’Europe (Ve-XVe s.); pages: 129–155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004433380_007 </ref> This titulature presumably persisted until the Bulgars adopted [[Christianity]].<ref>Sedlar, Jean W,. [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0295972904&id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&ots=tORepYz_wR&dq=%22rulers+of+Bulgaria+bore+the+pagan+title%22&sig=FN2uD2BdpgIASa_Xm8pWw5tyjro ''East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500''], p. 46</ref> Some Bulgar inscriptions written in Greek and later in [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic]] refer to the Bulgarian ruler respectively with the Greek title ''archon'' or the [[Slavs|Slavic]] title ''[[knyaz]]''.<ref>Manassias Chronicle, Vatican transcription, p. 145, see [[Battle of Pliska]]</ref>
The title ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' for early [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] rulers is an assumed one, as only the form ''kanasubigi'' or "kanasybigi"<ref>Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, “The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans ; [papers ... Presented in the Three Special Sessions at the 40th and 42nd Editions of the International Congress on Medieval Studies Held at Kalamazzo in 2005 and 2007], BRILL, 2008, p. 363, {{ISBN|9789004163898}}</ref> is attested in stone inscriptions. Historians presume that it includes the title ''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'' in its archaic form ''kana'', and there is a presumptive evidence suggesting that the latter title was indeed used in [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]], e.g. the name of one of the Bulgars' ruler [[Pagan of Bulgaria|Pagan]] occurs in [[Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople|Patriarch Nicephorus]]'s so-called [[canonical hours|breviarium]] as {{lang|grc|Καμπαγάνος}} (''Kampaganos''), likely an erroneous rendition of the phrase "Kan Pagan".<ref>''Източници за българската история&nbsp;''. Fontes historiae bulgaricae, VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p. 305 (in [[Byzantine Greek language|Byzantine Greek]] and Bulgarian). [http://kroraina.com/NI/izvori/GIBI_III/GIBI%20III.djvu Also available online]</ref> Among the proposed translations for the phrase ''kanasubigi'' as a whole are ''lord of the army'', from the reconstructed [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] phrase ''*sü begi'', paralleling the attested [[Old Turkic]] ''sü baši'',<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/vb/vb_5.html Veselin Beševliev, ''Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici'' - 5<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ''*su-'' and ''baga-'', i.e. ''*su-baga'' (an equivalent of the [[Greek language|Greek]] phrase {{lang|grc|ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων}}, ''ho ek Theou archon'', which is common in Bulgar inscriptions).<ref>{{Cite journal |title=''Digital object identifier - Early Medieval Europe'', vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 1-19, March 2001 (Article Abstract)<!-- Bot generated title --> |doi=10.1111/1468-0254.00077 |s2cid=154863640 }}</ref> Another presumption is that the title means the ''great khan''.<ref>Élisabeth Malamut, À propos des formules protocolaires concernant les Bulgares dans le Livre des Cérémonies: réception et correspondance In: La diplomatie byzantine, de l’Empire romain aux confins de l’Europe (Ve-XVe s.); pages: 129–155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004433380_007 </ref> This titulature presumably persisted until the Bulgars adopted [[Christianity]].<ref>Sedlar, Jean W,. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&dq=%22rulers+of+Bulgaria+bore+the+pagan+title%22&pg=PA46 ''East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500''], p. 46</ref> Some Bulgar inscriptions written in Greek and later in [[Old Church Slavonic|Slavonic]] refer to the Bulgarian ruler respectively with the Greek title ''archon'' or the [[Slavs|Slavic]] title ''[[knyaz]]''.<ref>Manassias Chronicle, Vatican transcription, p. 145, see [[Battle of Pliska]]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kavkhan]]
* [[Khagan]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:45, 17 February 2024

Kanasubigi (Greek: ΚΑΝΑΣΥΒΙΓΙ), possibly read as Kanas Ubigi or Kanas U Bigi, was a title of the early Bulgar rulers of First Bulgarian Empire. Omurtag and his son Malamir are mentioned in inscriptions as Kanasubigi.[1][2]

The title khan for early Bulgarian rulers is an assumed one, as only the form kanasubigi or "kanasybigi"[3] is attested in stone inscriptions. Historians presume that it includes the title khan in its archaic form kana, and there is a presumptive evidence suggesting that the latter title was indeed used in Bulgaria, e.g. the name of one of the Bulgars' ruler Pagan occurs in Patriarch Nicephorus's so-called breviarium as Καμπαγάνος (Kampaganos), likely an erroneous rendition of the phrase "Kan Pagan".[4] Among the proposed translations for the phrase kanasubigi as a whole are lord of the army, from the reconstructed Turkic phrase *sü begi, paralleling the attested Old Turkic sü baši,[5] and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the Indo-European *su- and baga-, i.e. *su-baga (an equivalent of the Greek phrase ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων, ho ek Theou archon, which is common in Bulgar inscriptions).[6] Another presumption is that the title means the great khan.[7] This titulature presumably persisted until the Bulgars adopted Christianity.[8] Some Bulgar inscriptions written in Greek and later in Slavonic refer to the Bulgarian ruler respectively with the Greek title archon or the Slavic title knyaz.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Николов, Г., Централизъм и регионализъм в ранносредновековна България (края на VII – началото на XI в.), Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, София 2005, ISBN 954-430-787-7, с. 107.
  2. ^ Гюзелев, В., Кавханите и ичиргу-боилите на българското ханство-царство (VII – XI в.), Фондация Българско историческо наследство; Пловдив 2007, ISBN 978-954-91983-1-7, с. 40, 61;
  3. ^ Florin Curta, Roman Kovalev, “The” Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans ; [papers ... Presented in the Three Special Sessions at the 40th and 42nd Editions of the International Congress on Medieval Studies Held at Kalamazzo in 2005 and 2007], BRILL, 2008, p. 363, ISBN 9789004163898
  4. ^ Източници за българската история . Fontes historiae bulgaricae, VI. Fontes graeci historiae Bulgaricae. БАН, София. p. 305 (in Byzantine Greek and Bulgarian). Also available online
  5. ^ Veselin Beševliev, Prabylgarski epigrafski pametnici - 5
  6. ^ "Digital object identifier - Early Medieval Europe, vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 1-19, March 2001 (Article Abstract)". doi:10.1111/1468-0254.00077. S2CID 154863640. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Élisabeth Malamut, À propos des formules protocolaires concernant les Bulgares dans le Livre des Cérémonies: réception et correspondance In: La diplomatie byzantine, de l’Empire romain aux confins de l’Europe (Ve-XVe s.); pages: 129–155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004433380_007
  8. ^ Sedlar, Jean W,. East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500, p. 46
  9. ^ Manassias Chronicle, Vatican transcription, p. 145, see Battle of Pliska

Bibliography

  • Hanswilhelm Haefs, Das goldene Reich der Pamir-Bulgaren an Donau und Wardar (p. 120), ISBN 3-8334-2340-4
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanasubigi&diff=1208412781&oldid=1123691646

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