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→‎Himetataraisuzuhime of Nihon Shoki / Kujiki: Corrected _Nihon shoki_ to _Kojiki_ in the first row of the table on Himetataraisuzuhime's origins; added that her mother is named Seyadatarahime; clarified that her father is not Mount Miwa but rather Ōmononushi, the god enshrined on Mount Miwa. I also corrected a couple of typos (e.g. ❌ Mizokuhime → ✅ Mizukuihime). Overall, this section is dreadful and clearly the mangled product of autotranslate, but I don't have time to fix it all.
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その出自については数通りの記述がある。 -->
その出自については数通りの記述がある。 -->


The name "Himetataraisuhime" appears in [[Nihon Shoki]], vol. 1, "{{Nihongo|Jindai-ki (upper)|神代紀（上）}}", and [[Kujiki]], vols. 4 and 5,<ref name=":2">『日本古代神祇事典』p702「ひめたたらすずひめのみこと（姫蹈韛五十鈴姫命）」</ref> and in [[Nihon Shoki]], vol. 3, "[[Emperor Jimmu]]", vol. 4, "[[Emperor Suizei]]",<ref name=":3">『日本古代神祇事典』p702-703「ひめたたらいすけよりひめ（媛蹈韛五十鈴媛命）」</ref> and Ikijimoto, vol. 7, "Ehimetataraisuhime"<ref name=":8">『日本の神仏の辞典』p1094「ひめたたらいすずひめのみこと」</ref>
The name "Himetataraisuzuhime" appears in [[Nihon Shoki]], vol. 1, "{{Nihongo|Jindai-ki (upper)|神代紀（上）}}", and [[Kujiki]], vols. 4 and 5,<ref name=":2">『日本古代神祇事典』p702「ひめたたらすずひめのみこと（姫蹈韛五十鈴姫命）」</ref> and in [[Nihon Shoki]], vol. 3, "[[Emperor Jimmu]]", vol. 4, "[[Emperor Suizei]]",<ref name=":3">『日本古代神祇事典』p702-703「ひめたたらいすけよりひめ（媛蹈韛五十鈴媛命）」</ref> and Ikijimoto, vol. 7, "Ehimetataraisuhime"<ref name=":8">『日本の神仏の辞典』p1094「ひめたたらいすずひめのみこと」</ref>


There are several descriptions of her origin.
There are several descriptions of her origin.
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|Source
|Source
|-
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Nihon Shoki
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Kojiki
| rowspan="2" |Volume 1 "The Chronicles of Japan
| rowspan="2" |Volume 1 "The Chronicles of Japan
Chapter on the Appearance of the Treasure Sword
Chapter on the Appearance of the Treasure Sword
|　
|　Seyadatarahime
| style="white-space:nowrap" |[[Mount Miwa]]
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Ōmononushi, the god of [[Mount Miwa]]
|{{Refn|Nihon Shoki "The god of the great three chakras. The sons of this god, namely Kamo-kun etc., Osamu-kun etc., and also the seller of the fifty sells.|group="Shoki"}}The god Omiwa is said to be the [[Mitama]] of [[Ōkuninushi]] ([[Ōkuninushi]]).
|{{Refn|Nihon Shoki "The god of the great three chakras. The sons of this god, namely Kamo-kun etc., Osamu-kun etc., and also the seller of the fifty sells.|group="Shoki"}}The god Ōmononushi is said to be the [[mitama]] of [[Ōkuninushi]] ([[Ōkuninushi]]).
|<ref name="古代神祇-いすず姫">Ancient Japanese Gods and Goddesses Encyclopedia, p702 "Himetatara Suzuhime no Mikoto (Princess Isuzu)</ref><ref name="神仏の辞典-姫">Dictionary of Japanese Gods and Buddha, p1094 "Himetatarai Suzuhime no Mikoto".</ref><ref name="古代氏族"/>
|<ref name="古代神祇-いすず姫">Ancient Japanese Gods and Goddesses Encyclopedia, p702 "Himetatara Suzuhime no Mikoto (Princess Isuzu)</ref><ref name="神仏の辞典-姫">Dictionary of Japanese Gods and Buddha, p1094 "Himetatara-isuzuhime no Mikoto".</ref><ref name="古代氏族"/>
|-
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Nihon Shoki
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Nihon Shoki
|Princess Mizokuhime of Mishima
|Princess Mizokuihime of Mishima
or Tamakushihime
or Tamagushihime
| style="white-space:nowrap" |[[Kotoshironushi]]
| style="white-space:nowrap" |[[Kotoshironushi]]
|{{Refn|Nihon Shoki "[[Kotoshironushi]] was transformed into a [[Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto]] princess, or [[Tamayoribime]], and gave birth to a child who was born after [[Jimmu]].|group="Shoki"}}
|{{Refn|Nihon Shoki "[[Kotoshironushi]] was transformed into a [[Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto]] princess, or [[Tamayoribime]], and gave birth to a child who was born after [[Jimmu]].|group="Shoki"}}
Line 67: Line 67:
|-
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Nihon Shoki
| style="white-space:nowrap" |Nihon Shoki
|Volume 4 "Suijing Ji
|Volume 4 "Suijin ki
Article before Suijing's reign
Article before Suijin's reign
|　
|　
|[[Kotoshironushi]]
|[[Kotoshironushi]]

Revision as of 22:35, 14 November 2022

Himetataraisuzu-hime
Empress of Japan
SpouseEmperor Jimmu
IssueKamuyaimimi, Emperor Suizei, Hikoyai
FatherKotoshironushi
MotherTamayori-hime
ReligionShinto

Himetataraisuzu-hime (媛蹈鞴五十鈴媛).[1][2][a] is a Japanese goddess, a mythological figure in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), the first empress of Japan, and the first wife of Emperor Jimmu. She is equivalent to Himetataraisukeyorihime (比売多多良伊須気余理比売)[b] in the Kojiki.

Although there are differences in details among the legends, the mother is depicted as the daughter of an influential person in the Yamato region, and the father as a god. According to Shinto myth, she married Emperor Jimmu, became his empress, and gave birth to the second emperor, Emperor Suizei.[13][2]

Names

In the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), her name was first (富登多多良伊須須岐比売)[14] ("Hototataraisukihime (ホトタタライススキヒメ)"[15] or Hototataraisusugihime (ホトタタライススギヒメ)[10][16]), but was later changed toHimetataraisukeyorihime (比売多多良伊須気余理比売, ヒメタタライスケヨリヒメ).[14] For more details, see #Anecdotes of her birth in Kojiki. The name is sometimes written simply as "伊須気余理比売 (Isukiyorihime)".[2]

Sometimes it is written simply "Isuzu Ehime (五十鈴媛命)".[17] (Be careful not to confuse her with her sister, Isuzuyorihime [ja].)

Depiction by Kiki

Himetataraisuzuhime of Nihon Shoki / Kujiki

The name "Himetataraisuzuhime" appears in Nihon Shoki, vol. 1, "Jindai-ki (upper) (神代紀（上）)", and Kujiki, vols. 4 and 5,[18] and in Nihon Shoki, vol. 3, "Emperor Jimmu", vol. 4, "Emperor Suizei",[19] and Ikijimoto, vol. 7, "Ehimetataraisuhime"[20]

There are several descriptions of her origin.

Book Place of Appearance Mother Father Remarks Source
Kojiki Volume 1 "The Chronicles of Japan

Chapter on the Appearance of the Treasure Sword

　Seyadatarahime Ōmononushi, the god of Mount Miwa [Shoki 1]The god Ōmononushi is said to be the mitama of Ōkuninushi (Ōkuninushi). [21][22][10]
Nihon Shoki Princess Mizokuihime of Mishima

or Tamakushihime

Kotoshironushi [Shoki 2] [21][22][10]
Nihon Shoki Volume 3 "The Chronicles of Jimmu

Preceding the Accession of Jimmu

Daughter of the god Mishima-mizo

Clematis japonica

Kotoshironushi [Shoki 3] [23][22][10]
Nihon Shoki Volume 4 "Suijin ki

Article before Suijin's reign

　 Kotoshironushi "The eldest daughter of the Lord Jishiro".[Shoki 4] [23][22][10]
Kujiki [c] Daughter of Mishima Mizokuhi

Princess Akatamae

Kotoshironushi Kotoyonushi is considered to be the son of Okukinushi. [21]

In "Nihon Shoki" and "Kamidaiki", in "Kamitakeki", "Suizei", and "Kujiki Kujiki", the main god of the god is Tamayori-hime, the daughter of "Mizokuhi" of "Mishima". It is said that he was born through.[18][19][24] At this time, Kotoshironushi was transformed into a "Wani (八尋熊鰐, Yahiro kumawani)" [18][19][24]

Himetataraisukeyorihime in Kojiki

In the middle volume of Kojiki, she appears as "Tomitatara Isusukihime" and "Hiyotatara Isukeyorihime".[25][26]。

Book title where it appears mother father notes source
The Kojiki. Middle scroll

Jimmu-ki 		Daughter of Mishimadori Hakui

Seiyadarahime 		Ōmononushi My father is Miwano-Omononokami.[Kojiki 1] [27][28][8]

Seiyadatara-hime was known as a beautiful woman. Omononushi disguised himself as a tannin-painted arrow (a red arrow) and, aiming at the place where Seiyadatara-hime was taking a bowel movement, floated down from the upper reaches of the river and poked Seiyadatara-hime in the pubic region (hoto). Surprised, Seiyadatara-hime took the arrow and returned to her room, where it turned into a beautiful boy. The two were married and had a daughter. They married and had a daughter, whom they named Hotototara Isusukihime. Later, however, the daughter disliked the name "Hoto" and changed it to "Himetataraisukeyorihime".[27][6][29]。

Marriage with Emperor Jimmu

According to the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) and other sources, Iwarehiko (later Emperor Jimmu) left the Land of Himuka [d] and made an expedition to the east, and after many battles, established his government in the Yamato region[e](Jimmu's eastern expedition). Iwarehiko built the Palace of Kashiwara (Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture) at the foot of Mount Unebi and ascended to the throne as the first emperor, Emperor Jimmu[f][30]

Prior to his accession to the throne, it was decided that the first emperor of Japan would receive a suitable consort, and Himetataraisuhime was chosen as his wife. According to the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), the marriage of Himetataraisuhime to Emperor Jimmu (before his accession to the throne, to be precise) took place on September 24 (lunar calendar) of the year before his accession.[g] Emperor Jimmu ascended the throne in the New Year of the following year, and Himetataraisuhime became the empress at this time.[h]

The "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters) contains episodes related to the selection of a queen and marriage. (For details, see the story of Emperor Jimmu's wife question.

After the death of Emperor Jimmu

According to the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), Emperor Jimmu died at the age of 127. Although there are differences in details, the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki describe a succession struggle that occurred among the children of Emperor Jimmu after his death (see Tegen-ear's Rebellion for details).

Iwarehiko (Emperor Jimmu) had married and had a child with Ohiratsuhime (Abira Hime) before he left for the eastern expedition from "Himuka Country.[i] However, when Emperor Jimmu made Himetathalaisuhime the rightful empress, these children were reduced to the status of bastards. When Emperor Jimmu died, his bastard son, Tagishimi, wanted to succeed to the throne himself.[j]

In the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), Tagishimi took the widowed Himetathalaisuhime as his wife and tried to assassinate the legitimate children born to Emperor Jimmu and Himetathalaisuhime. Himetathalaisuhime, aware of this, is said to have written two waka poems and sent them to her children to warn them of her danger.[38][Kojiki 2].

It is not possible for a man to be a man without a woman.
The clouds are rising over the narrow river Unebi Volcano, the leaves are rustling, and the wind is blowing.
O children of the Sagawa River,[k]the wind is about to blow toward you from Tagishimimi.
It is not a question of whether or not a person will be able to live a long life.
Unebi Volcano In the daytime, the clouds and I stay, and in the evening, the wind will blow, and the leaves of the trees will rustle.
It is cloudy in the daytime on Mt. Unebi, but the leaves of the trees are rustling that the wind will blow when evening passes and night falls.

The legitimate sons, who learned of Tagishimi's treasonous intentions through these allegorical songs, made the first move and defeated him. Kannuma Kawamimi-no-mikoto, who played the most active role, succeeded to the throne and ascended to the throne as the second emperor (Emperor Suizei). According to the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan), Himetataraisuhime took the title of "Empress Dowager" on New Year's Day 8 of the first year of Emperor Suiyasu.

Emperor Suizei welcomed Princess Isuzu Yoriyehime as his consort. Isuzu Yoriyoshihime was Himetataraisuhime's younger sister, and from the perspective of Emperor Suiyasu, she was his aunt. However, there are different versions of this story, with some claiming that the person who became the consort of Emperor Suiyasu was Kawamata Biyori and others claiming that the empress was Itoorihime.

Children

Emperor Jimmu's children with him were, in order from oldest to youngest, Hikoyai, Kamuyaimimi, and Emperor Suizei.

Himetataraisuhime and the son of Emperor Jimmu
Nihon Shoki The Kojiki. Remarks
Hikoyai There is no mention in the Nihon Shoki.
Kamuyaimimi Kamuyaimimi He becomes the founder of the Tada clan.
Emperor Suizei Kannuma no Mikoto Emperor Suizei ascends to the throne as the second emperor.

Siblings

Himetataraisuhime's mother, Tamagushihime (Seya-tara-hime), is said to have given birth to two other children.

  • He is said to have had two other children. In the Sekaiyo Kouji Hongi, he is said to have served Emperor Jimmu and become "Shishoku Kokusei Daiyu" (Prime Minister).
  • Isuzu Yoriyehime - sister of Himetataraisuhime. In Emperor Suizei, she is said to have become the empress of the second emperor, Emperor Suizei.

Theories about her origin

In the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki, although the details of the stories differ, Himetataraisuhime is depicted as having a mother who is "the daughter of an influential person (a deity) in a region" and a father who is "a deity. There is a theory that Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan, may have used the marriage of a "daughter of a god" as a way to support the legitimacy of his regime when he took a regular wife.

The mother is depicted as belonging to Mishima (Mishima, Mishima) of Settsu (Osaka Prefecture) on her mother's side and Miwa (Miwa, Miwa, Miwasan) of Yamato (Nara Prefecture) on her father's side. These suggest the cooperation of several powerful clans in the Kinki region,[l]and this marriage is between Iwarehiko (Emperor Jimmu), a stranger from "Himuka" (Hyuga Province), and a powerful man from Bongachi Province (Yamato and Settsu Provinces)[m]There is also a theory that this is an indication of Iwarehiko's political method of not only conquering by force, but also consolidating his control base by harmonizing with the forces in the region. There is also a theory that it is an indication of the political method by which Iwarehiko not only conquered by force, but also tried to consolidate his control base by harmonizing with the forces in the region. As will be discussed later, there is also an interpretation that it indicates that Emperor Jimmu's forces secured iron manufacturing technology.

Grandfather: Mizokuhi of Mishima

In the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the mother is said to be the daughter of Mishima Mizokuhi, although there are some differences in wording. "Mizokuhiis also written as 溝樴, 溝樴耳神, and 溝杙 in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), and as 湟咋, 溝杭 (Shinsen Seijiroku), Mizokui (Shinsen Seijiroku), and other characters may also be applied. "In addition, there are some historical records that refer to him as Mimi-gami, suggesting that he was an object of worship as a divine being. In the genealogy of the Kamo clan, this deity is said to be the ancestor of the Kamo clan and the Katsuragi Kunizo. There is also a theory that the name of the deity is related to "Mishima" and that it is the same deity as Shogikona, who was the ancestor deity of the Mishima prefectures.

The place name "Mishima" is thought to be Settsu Province Mishima County (present-day northern Osaka Prefecture). The Enki Shiki Shinmeicho (927) lists Mishima Kamojinshya (Mishima-e, Takatsuki City) and Mizokuijinshya (Ibaraki, Osaka|Ibaraki City), suggesting that "Mizokuhi of Mishima" was worshipped in this area.[n]

In the Edo period, Kokugaku Nencho Motoi interpreted this "mizo (groove)" to refer to a toilet built over a stream of water, and this has become a common theory. Eiichi Mitani and others have adopted this theory, and there is also a theory that the toilet is strongly related to birth rituals. Kazuo Higo (Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Education) disagreed, saying that "mizo" means a ditch in a paddy field. Masayuki Tsugita developed this theory, claiming that Mishima-gun was an ideal place for rice cultivation and that "Mizokuhi of Mishima" was a farming god.

Mothers: Tamakushihime and Seiyadatarahime

Her mother's name is Tamakushihime in the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) and Seya Datarahime in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters). Both are said to have been known as beautiful women.[Shoki 5][Kojiki 3].

Noninaga Motoi compares Seiya to Yamato Province Hiragun-gun, Seinomura (Nara Prefecture Ikoma County Misato Town).

Birth by intermarriage

In both the Nihon-shoki and the Kojiki, Human-animal marriage is involved in the birth of Himetataraisuhime. The father deity visits the woman in the form of "Yahiro Wani" in the Nihon Shoki and "Tan-nuri no Ya" in the Kojiki. Thus, Himetataraisuhime is known as a representative example of a child from a different kind of marriage in Japanese mythology.[o]

Anecdotes of her birth in Kojiki

In Kojiki, she is said to be the daughter of Omononushi.[p] His birthplace is Mount Miwa in the Yamato region, or Miwa.

Original text The god of beauty and peace, the Lord of the big things, saw and felt, and when the beautiful woman?
The Great Meaning The god Omonoshu (Ōmononushi) of Miwa saw the beautiful Seiyadatara-hime. He transformed himself into a red arrow (tannin-painted arrow), and seeing that Seiyadatara-hime was about to take a leak, he swept down from the upper reaches of the river and poked her in the hoto (pubic area).
Original text The iron lady, with her hands clasped in front of her, took her to her mother's house.
The iron lady The ironworker was surprised and stood up, took the arrow back to her room, put it on the floor, and immediately became a beautiful man and woman. And they were united, and Seiyadatara-hime bore a son. And they were united.

This child was named Hottataraisukihime. She was said to have been beautiful like her mother. It is also said that she was a beautiful woman like her mother.

However, she disliked the word "hoto" and changed her name to Himetataraisuzu-hime.

Theories about the name

The original name "Hottatara" was derived from a legend that her mother, Seiyadatara Hime, was poked in the pubic region with an arrow. Some interpret the name as a derivative of the word "stand", meaning "hottatara". It is said that the word "hoto" was later changed to "hime" in disgust. There is another theory that "Tatara" is a part of the name inherited from her mother, Seya Datara Hime. The word "isusuki" is said to mean "to walk away in surprise," which is paraphrased as "isuke.

On the other hand, there is an interpretation that the word "tatara" in the name suggests a connection with iron manufacturing, and there is a theory that the fact that Emperor Jimmu took Himetataraizu-hime as his wife symbolizes that the regime had seized iron manufacturing technology, an important technology at that time. For more details, see #Relationship with TATARA Iron Manufacturing.

There is a theory that "Isuzu" means "bell" and refers to the many bells that adorn the hands and feet, or that it suggests a connection with metalworking. There is another theory that the original name "isusuki" was corrupted into "isuzu.

There is also a theory that "yori" means "yoroshi," and that it refers to the flower of the lily, which blooms on the banks of the Sasaigawa River at the foot of Mount Miwa, the home of Himetataraisuzuhime (Isukeyorihime).

The story of Emperor Jimmu's wife question

Prior to his accession to the throne, Emperor Jimmu was to receive a consort worthy of being the first empress. Okume-no-mikoto, a vassal who had followed Emperor Iwarehiko from Himuka, suggested Isukeyorihime (Himetataraisuhime) as a candidate for his wife.[11][44] In the Kojiki, Okume-no-mikoto explains the anecdote of Isukeyorihime's birth to Emperor Jimmu, and tells him that Isukeyorihime, the "Son of God," deserved to be the rightful wife.[38][44]

In the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), there is an anecdote in which Emperor Jimmu and Okume-no-mikoto witnessed seven women on the shore of the Sadoi River and selected an empress from among them. The exchange of songs between Emperor Jimmu, Okume-no-mikoto, and Isukeyorihime is well known as the "wife questioning story" of Emperor Jimmu.[45]

Who are the women of Ehime who go to Takasajino in Japan?
Which of the seven maidens who walked along the high ground beside the river in Yamato would you take as your wife?

The name "Takasashino" refers to the plateau along the Sakui River. The Sawaigawa River originates from Mount Miwa and flows near the precincts of Ogami Shrine.[46] Before joining the Yamato River (Hatsuse River), the river becomes a ceiling river and its banks are elevated.

Katsuga is also sick
I'm going to make a big deal about my brother.
Let's make her the elder who leads the way.

In response to Emperor Jimmu's wish, Okume-no-Mikoto went to see Isukeyorihime. Isukeyorihime was surprised to see the unfamiliar appearance of Okume-no-Mikoto and replied, "I have never seen you before.　　[47]

Shuttle of the capital city of Ame
Tenchi, Chidori, Zanzi and other Tattoos
Why do you have tattoos around your eyes like various birds, and why do you have a sharp look in your eyes?

In response, Ohkume no Mikoto replied as follows.

I will only give my life to the virgin
My tattoos to see the girl face to face.
They have sharp eyes to see you directly and closely.

After this, Isukeyorihime agrees to marry him. Emperor Kanmu went to Isukeyorihime's house "on the Sawaigawa (Sawaigawa) River" and stayed there for a night. The following is a poem about this time.

I'd like to know what happened to you.
In a filthy hut in the Reed bed, I laid out the tatami mats, and we slept together.
The two of us slept together in a shabby hut on the grassy bank of the river, with sedge tatami mats neatly laid out.

In this part, there is a note on the origin of the place name of Sawaigawa. The river is called "Sawaigawa" (Sawaigawa River) because there are many "yamayuri-so" (lily of the valley, which is actually a lily of the valley) in this area, and the lily of the valley is called "Sawai". On the right bank of the modern Sawaigawa River is a monument to Emperor Jimmu's sacred site, the Sawaigawa River.

Relation to Tatara Iron Manufacturing

There is a theory that the "tatara" part of the name Himetataraisuzuhime is interpreted in connection with Tatara iron manufacturing, indicating iron manufacturing in ancient Japan.[48][49][44][q][r][s]

According to Yasunao Kojita [ja] (Nara Women's University), tatara refers to a tatara furnace, and "hoto" refers to the pubic area as well as the fireplace.[53][t] In other words, the fact that Emperor Jimmu took Himetataraisuzu-hime (= Himetataraisukeyorihime = Hottataraisukihime) as his wife is interpreted as an indication that the royal family controlled the iron and steel industry.[53] Yutaka Yoshino (Japan Literature Association) states that the name "Hottataraisukeyorihime" refers to a priestess who served the god of molten ore and the blast furnace.[54]

Nomoninaga Motoi and other early modern Kokugaku scholars did not interpret the word "tatara" in Himetataraisuzuhime to mean a bellows.[54] In their view, the word "tatara" is a slang term used by blacksmiths and is dismissed from its ties to steelmaking as it is unsuitable for the name of a noble empress.[54] "Some interpret "tatara" as a derivative of "stand," meaning "stood up (surprised by an arrow in the pubic region)" or "had an arrow put up (in the pubic region).[15][2]

Objects of faith

The Emperor Meiji founded the Kashihara Jingu in 1890, where Emperor Jimmu and Himetatharaisuhime are enshrined as the main deities.[5][12]。

Himetataraisuhime also came to be revered as a "Komori Myōjin (子守明神)" because she saved children, and is enshrined as the main deity at Isagawa Shrine [ja] (Honkomori-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture).[55][u] In June of every year, the Nitsukawa Shrine holds the "Saegusa Festival" (commonly known as the lily festival) (「三枝祭」（通称：ゆり祭り）, `Saigusasai'(tsūshō: Yuri matsuri)), where Himetataraisuhime is worshipped by offering lilies grown at Mount Miwa.[55]

At the upper reaches of the Sakai River (狭井川), where Himetataraisuhime's parents lived, there is the Sakai Shrine (狭井神社). Here, the main deity is Himetataraisuhime, but also Omononushi (father of Himetataraisuzu-hime according to the Kojiki), Seiyadatarahime (mother of Himetataraisuzu-hime according to the Kojiki), Kotoshirohime (mother of Himetataraisuzu-hime according to the Kojiki) Tamayori-hime (mother-in-law of Jimmu), Kotoshironushi (father of Himetataraisukehime according to the Nihonshoki) are enshrined here.[56]

She is also worshipped at Tsumori Jingu Shrine (Kumamoto Prefecture Kamimashiki District Mashiki Town) and Kosa Shrine (Kosa Town).[20]

Genealogy

A genealogical tree based on the Kojiki
Himetataraisuzu-himeEmperor JimmuAhiratsu-hime
KamuyaimimiHikoyai‡Emperor SuizeiTagishimimiKisumimi

‡ not in the Nihon Shoki


Family Tree of Descendants

Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime[57] Ōkuninushi[58][59]: 278 
(Ōnamuchi)[60]		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto[61]
Kotoshironushi[62][63] Tamakushi-hime[61] Takeminakata[64][65] Susa Clan[66]
1 Jimmu[67]1Himetataraisuzu-hime[67]Kamo no Okimi[62][68]Mirahime [ja]
2 Suizei[69][70][71][72][73][74] 2Isuzuyori-hime[72][73][74][68][75]Kamuyaimimi[69][70][71]
3 Annei[76][62][72][73][74]〔Ō clan[77][78]〕〔Aso clan[79]〕3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime[80][62]Kamo clan
TakakurajiMiwa clan
4 Itoku[76][62]Ikisomimi no mikoto [ja][76]Ame no Murakumo [ja]
4Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto [ja][76]Amaoshio no mikoto [ja]
5 Emperor Kōshō[76][62][81]5Yosotarashi-hime[62]Okitsu Yoso [ja]
6 Emperor Kōan[62]Prince Ameoshitarashi [ja][81]Owari clan
6Oshihime [ja][62][81]〔Wani clan〕[82]
7 Emperor Kōrei[83][62][81][84] 7Kuwashi-hime[84]
8 Emperor Kōgen[85][84]8Utsushikome [ja][85]Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso[83]Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto[86]Wakatakehiko [ja]
9Ikagashikome[v] [88][89]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto [ja][89]9 Emperor Kaika[85]Prince Ohiko [ja][90]〔Kibi clan〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto [ja][89]10 Emperor Sujin[91][92]10Mimaki-hime[93]〔Abe clan〕[90]
Takenouchi no Sukune[89]11 Emperor Suinin[94][95]11Saho-hime[96]12Hibasu-hime [ja][97]Yasaka Iribiko[98][99][100]Toyosukiiri-hime [ja][101]Nunaki-iri-hime [ja][83]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto[102]
〔Katsuragi clan〕13Harima no Inabi no Ōiratsume [ja]12 Emperor Keiko[95][97]14Yasakairi-hime [ja][98][99][100]
Otoyo no mikoto [ja]
Futaji Irihime [ja][103]Yamato Takeru[104][105]Miyazu-himeTakeinadane [ja] Ioki Iribiko13Emperor Seimu[104][105]
14Emperor Chūai[104][105] [106]15Empress Jingū[107] Homuda
Mawaka
15Emperor Ōjin[107]16Nakatsuhime[108][109][110]
16Emperor Nintoku[111]


Footnotes

Original text of "Nihon Shoki"

  1. ^ Nihon Shoki "The god of the great three chakras. The sons of this god, namely Kamo-kun etc., Osamu-kun etc., and also the seller of the fifty sells.
  2. ^ Nihon Shoki "Kotoshironushi was transformed into a Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto princess, or Tamayoribime, and gave birth to a child who was born after Jimmu.
  3. ^ Nihon Shoki, the daughter of the chief deity and the goddess of the pegs of the common shima ditch, was born to the goddess and is called "Himeko".
  4. ^ Nihon Shoki "Mother Himetataraisuzu Isuzu Himetataraisuzu, Kotoshironushi Kamiyuki Daijoya"
  5. ^ Nihon Shoki"It is the most beautiful person in the country.

The original text of "Kojiki"

  1. ^ The "Chronicle of the Ancient Times" says, "There is a woman in this area called Kamiko. It is said that the god's son is the daughter of Hikaru Mishima, and her name is Seiyata Tara Biki, and she is beautiful. Therefore, the gods of the great things of beauty and harmony saw and felt (omitted below)".
  2. ^ "After the death of the emperor, when his younger brother, Geijimei, was about to marry his first wife, Izumi, he was about to kill his third brother and plot against him, and when his father, Izumi, was suffering from the pain of Izumi, he informed his sons by song.
  3. ^ In the "Chronicle of the Ancient Times", "she is beautiful in appearance".

Notes

  1. ^ In the Nihon Shoki, Himetataraisuzu-hime[3][4][5] In addition, there are variations in the notation of "Isuzu-hime". In addition, "Ehime foot bellows Isuzu Ehime (命)" is written in various ways. "In addition, there are various other spelling variations in "Ehime (媛)" and "姬 (姬)," "蹈 (蹈)" and "踏 (踏)," "韛 (韛)" and "鞴 (bellows)," and "命 (命)" and "尊 (尊). "Princess Isuzuhime[6]"and "Princess Ehime Isuzu[7]"Ehime Isuzuhime no Mikoto[8] Princess Isuzu Hime", "Princess Isuzu Hime[9][10]"Himetobori Isuzuhime no Mikoto,
  2. ^ In Kojiki, she is referred to as Himetatara Isukeyorihime,[1] Himetatara Isukeyorihime ('Himetatara Isukeyorihime'[11]), Himetatara Isukeyorihime (' Himetataraisukeyorihime[12]), and Isukiyorihime. There are some variations in the notation, such as "売" and "賣", "気" and "氣", and "余" and "餘".
  3. ^ In the "Chronicles of the First Generations", Volume 4 of the Genealogical Records, "Kotoshironushi was born to Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto, a daughter Tamayoribime, a son and a daughter (omitted), and a daughter who was born to Ṭifa Ṭuurin, a god who was made empress by Kashiwara Hara and gave birth to two sons, namely, the god Iris Naoi, the emperor, and Suijing, the second child, and Yaekushi".
  4. ^ There are two theories: one that compares it to Hyuga Province (Miyazaki Prefecture), and one that denies this."
  5. ^ In general, it refers to the Nara Basin.
  6. ^ Strictly speaking, the name "Emperor Jimmu" is a posthumous name given to him in the Nara period (710-794); Nihon Shoki refers to him as "Emperor Shigaraki",.[13]"
  7. ^ In Nihon Shoki, he began his search for a consort on August 16th by the lunar calendar, the year before his accession to the throne ("The New Moon of August, Earth Dragon (Chinese Zodiac)"),[11][31] and She chose Himetataraisuhime as her consort and married her on September 24 by the lunar calendar ("September New Moon").[32][33]
  8. ^ In Nihon Shoki, the year of Emperor Jimmu's accession to the throne is taken as the year of the Metal Rooster. According to the calculation method established in the Meiji era (1868-1912), taking into account the Chinese prophecy theory and the Shin-Yu Revolution theory, this year is 660 BC. In the past, this was considered a historical fact, but in modern times it is not usually considered a historical fact.[13] For more information, see Japanese imperial year.
  9. ^ The "Kojiki" records the names of two of his children. Tagishimimi ([34]) and Kisumimi ([35]).[36][37] On the other hand, the Nihongo Shoki has only the name of Tegenmimi-no-mikoto (Tagishimimino-mikoto) and does not mention the name of the person corresponding to Gisumimi-no-mikoto.[36]
  10. ^ According to Nihon Shoki and other sources, Tagishimi served under Emperor Jimmu for a long time. According to Nihon Shoki and other sources, Tagishimi served under Emperor Jimmu for a long time, but he was described as having a difficult personality and a tendency to "disobey humanity".[37] These portrayals are not necessarily considered to be the true historical facts. In the replacement of Emperor Jimmu with Emperor Sui Yasushi, the ultimogeniture took place, which is thought to have been common in ancient Japan. However, later on primogeniture became common, and some interpret this to mean that the explanation that the elder brother was eliminated because he was a bad person was necessary for readers who consider first-born inheritance to be legitimate.[37]
  11. ^ In the "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters), there is a description of Emperor Jimmu visiting and staying at the house of Himetataraisuhime. Some researchers believe that commuter marriage was practiced in those days, with husbands going to their wives' homes. Especially in the case of an outsider marrying the daughter of an influential native, as in the case of Emperor Jimmu and Himetataraisuhime, it was common for the wife to stay at home after the marriage. Children were also raised in the family home of the wife. Therefore, it is believed that Emperor Jimmu's legitimate children were still living in his parents' house in Sawaigawa River (Sawaiko River) when this incident occurred. (Researchers do not agree that these accounts are true historical facts, but they believe that the stories reflect the customs of the time.[37]
  12. ^ If Himetataraisuhime's father is Kotoshironushi or Okuninushi, as Nihon Shoki suggests, then Himetataraisuhime has roots in Izumo Province as well as in the Kinki region.[39]
  13. ^ Strictly speaking, it was in ancient times that Provinces of Japan such as Yamato and Settsu were established.
  14. ^ Mizokui Shrine [ja] refers to Mishima Mizokui (Mishima Mizokui) as the founder of the shrine[11] and says that the Mishima clan would have been a powerful clan in the ancient Kawachi region.[39]
  15. ^ Emperor Kanmu's father, Ugayafukiaezu, also believed that his mother, Toyotamahime, was really Yahiro Wajii. His father, Hoori, was unaware of this and witnessed the true identity of Toyotama-hime by peeping at her birth. As a result, Toyota Mahime returns to the sea, leaving the baby behind. This baby is the father of Emperor Jimmu.[40]
  16. ^ Omonoshu (大物主神) was originally the clan deity of the Mount Miwa.[41] On the other hand, Omononushi may be another name for Okuninushi (a descendant of Susanoo), and in Nihongo Shoki, Omononushi is the Mitama of Okuninushi.[41] Both were originally considered to be different deities.[42][43]
  17. ^ The character "鞴" used in Nihon Shoki refers to the bellows used in iron making.[49]
  18. ^ In modern Japan (before the gathering of the World War II), the origins of iron manufacturing in Japan have been traced back to the Kamishiro period,[48] with episodes in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki stating that when Amaterasu hid in Amano-Iwato, iron from "Amakayama (Nihon Shoki)" or "Amakinzan (Kojiki)" was used for metalworking. (Nihon Shoki)" or "Amakinzan (Kojiki)".[48][50] In modern times, it is generally accepted that iron making technology was introduced from mainland China along with rice cultivation,[50] but archaeological evidence is insufficient,[50] and no definitive theory has been established about its origin or age.[48] In terms of literary sources, iron manufacturing is specifically detailed in the Izumono Kuni Fudoki [ja] of the 8th century, and it is thought that iron manufacturing was already established in this period.[48]
  19. ^ Teiichi Suzumoto (Chemical Society of Japan) has argued that the huge Emperor Nintoku's Mausoleum, which dates from around the early 5th century, was probably made possible to build by the establishment of iron tools, and that the Yamato Imperial Court of the time probably had secured tatara iron technology.[48] Fuigo has been excavated from the Higashi Nara Ruins [ja] (in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture), and some have linked this to iron manufacturing by the Yamato Court.[51] At this Higashinara site (discovered in 1971), Dōtaku and their casts have been excavated, and it is certain that bronze bells were made there.[52]
  20. ^ The word "hoto" (溶鉱炉) also refers to "blast furnace".[51]
  21. ^ The Isagawa Shrine [ja] is a regent shrine of the Miwasan and Ōmiwa Shrine, which is said to be the hometown of Himetataraisuhime.[38]
  22. ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya, while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston.[87]

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Literature

  • "Mythological Hime Tachi: Another Kojiki", Sankei Shimbun, Sankei Shimbun, 2018, ISBN 978-4-8191-1336-6
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Himetataraisuzu-hime&diff=prev&oldid=1121929138

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