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'''George Perry Floyd Jr.''' (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was an African-American man [[Killing of George Floyd|who was killed by police during an arrest]] in [[Minneapolis]] on May 25, 2020. [[George Floyd protests|Protests in response]] to both Floyd's death, and more broadly to police violence against black people, quickly spread [[List of George Floyd protests in the United States|across the United States]] and [[List of George Floyd protests outside the United States|internationally]]. The June 13, 2020 edition of ''The Economist'', in a cover story on Floyd and the protests surrounding his death, said, "His legacy is the rich promise of social reform."
'''George Perry Floyd Jr.''' (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was a convicted felon<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Jangra|first=Sachin|date=2020-06-11|title=George Floyd Criminal Past Record/Arrest History/Career Timeline: Baggie, Gun Pregnant and All Details|url=https://thecourierdaily.com/george-floyd-criminal-past-record-arrest/20177/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=The Courier Daily|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-11|title=COURT DOCUMENTS: George Floyd Profile Reads Like A Career Criminal|url=https://greatgameindia.com/george-floyd-criminal/|access-date=2020-06-11|website=Great Game India - Journal On Geopolitics And International Relations|language=en-US}}</ref> and African-American man [[Killing of George Floyd|who was killed by police during an arrest]] in [[Minneapolis]] on May 25, 2020. [[George Floyd protests|Protests in response]] to both Floyd's death, and more broadly to police violence against black people, quickly spread [[List of George Floyd protests in the United States|across the United States]] and [[List of George Floyd protests outside the United States|internationally]]. The June 13, 2020 edition of ''The Economist'', in a cover story on Floyd and the protests surrounding his death, said, "His legacy is the rich promise of social reform."


Floyd grew up in [[Houston]], Texas. He excelled in [[American football|football]] and played other sports throughout high school and college. A blue-collar worker, Floyd was also an early contributor to the development of Houston's [[Hip hop|hip-hop]] scene and a mentor who was active in his religious community. Later, he faced several arrests for theft and drug possession; in 2009, he made a [[Plea bargain|plea deal]] for an armed [[robbery]], serving four years in prison.
Floyd grew up in [[Houston]], Texas. He excelled in [[American football|football]] and played other sports throughout high school and college. A blue-collar worker, Floyd was also an early contributor to the development of Houston's [[Hip hop|hip-hop]] scene and a mentor who was active in his religious community. Later, he faced several arrests for theft and drug possession; in 2009, he made a [[Plea bargain|plea deal]] for an armed [[robbery]], serving four years in prison.

Revision as of 21:23, 11 June 2020

This article is about the African American killed during a police arrest. For the pro athlete, see George Floyd (American football). For other uses, see George Floyd (disambiguation).

George Floyd
Floyd in 2016
Born
George Perry Floyd Jr.

(1973-10-14)October 14, 1973[1]
Fayetteville, North Carolina, U.S.
Died (aged 46)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Occupation(s)Truck driver, security guard
Children5

George Perry Floyd Jr. (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was a convicted felon[2][3] and African-American man who was killed by police during an arrest in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020. Protests in response to both Floyd's death, and more broadly to police violence against black people, quickly spread across the United States and internationally. The June 13, 2020 edition of The Economist, in a cover story on Floyd and the protests surrounding his death, said, "His legacy is the rich promise of social reform."

Floyd grew up in Houston, Texas. He excelled in football and played other sports throughout high school and college. A blue-collar worker, Floyd was also an early contributor to the development of Houston's hip-hop scene and a mentor who was active in his religious community. Later, he faced several arrests for theft and drug possession; in 2009, he made a plea deal for an armed robbery, serving four years in prison.

In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis, Minnesota area, finding work both as a truck driver and a bouncer. In 2020, he lost his security job because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He died after being arrested for allegedly using counterfeit money to buy cigarettes; during the arrest, Derek Chauvin, a white police officer, knelt on his neck and back for eight minutes and 46 seconds, leading to his death. Events of his arrest, death, and the actions of the officers have led to international Black Lives Matter protests, calls for police reform, and legislation to address perceived racial inequalities.

Early life and education

George Perry Floyd Jr. was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina to George Perry and Larcenia “Cissy” Jones Floyd, and raised in Cuney Homes in the Third Ward of Houston, Texas, a historic black neighborhood, and one of the poorest areas of the city known as Bricks.[4][5][6][7][8][2] Floyd Jr.’s great-great-grandfather was a slave, and great-great-grandmother Larcenia, had 22 children.[2] His parents broke up when he was still a child, his mother moved with the children to the red-bricked Cuney Homes public housing named for Norris Wright Cuney, “one of the most politically powerful black men” in Texas in the late 1800s.[8] Cissy was active on the resident council, and also helped raise neighbors' children with her own.[8] The city’s Third Ward had many families “scarred” by “poverty, drugs, gangs and violence”.[8] Floyd, called Perry as a child, was now also being called Big Floyd—being over six foot tall in middle school, he saw sports as his path out of the Bricks.[8]

At Yates High School, Floyd played on the basketball team as a power forward, and as tight end on the football team helping lead them to the Texas state championships in 1992; he graduated in 1993.[4][6][7][8][9] He had made the varsity football team as a ninth grader; in tenth grade he was also co-captain the basketball team.[10]

He attended South Florida Community College (now South Florida State College)—the first of his siblings to go to college—for two years on an football athletic scholarship, and also played on the basketball team.[8][11][12] George Walker, his recruiter stated, “He was a starter and scored 12 to 14 points and seven to eight rebounds.”[8] Floyd transferred to Texas A&M University–Kingsville in 1995, where he also played basketball, before dropping out.[7] Friends and family called him Perry, and characterized him as a "gentle giant."[13][14] He was 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and weighed 223 pounds (101 kg).[15] Retired pro-basketballer Stephen Jackson, from Port Arthur, Texas, met Floyd and the two looked so alike they called each other twin.[8] Jackson stated, “If George would have had more opportunities, he might have been a pro athlete in two sports.”[8]

Later life

Floyd returned to Houston from college in Kingston in 1995 and became an automotive customizer and played club basketball.[7][16] Beginning in 1994, he had also performed as a rapper using the stage name "Big Floyd" in the hip hop group Screwed Up Click.[7][17][18][19][20] Floyd has been called an early contributor to the development of Houston's hip-hop scene.[7] He rapped with his deep voice in “purposeful” rhymes delivered in a slow-motion clip about “‘choppin’ blades’—driving cars with oversize rims—and his Third Ward pride”.[8] He was also known as an informal community leader.[21]

In 1997, starting in his twenties, he faced a series of arrests, mostly for drug possession, including one “for a $10 drug deal in 2004, [which] cost him ten months in a state jail”.[8][10] In 2007 he was charged with a group armed robbery in a home invasion; he agreed to a plea deal in 2009 and was sentenced to five years in prison.[4][8][22][23] He was paroled in 2013 after spending four years at the Diboll Unit.[7] After his release, he became more involved with Resurrection Houston, a local church and ministry, where he mentored young men in a Christian church community.[4][8][21] Many of the church’s services were held in Cuney Homes’ central courtyard on the basketball court; Floyd would set up the chairs and baptism tub.[8] He became more devoted to Resurrection because of his daughter, born after he left prison.[8] Floyd also took care of his mother Cissy, he helped her recuperate after she had a stroke, helping her with rehabilitation exercises.[24] He also helped deliver meals, and assisted on other projects with Angel By Nature Foundation, a charity founded by rapper Trae Tha Truth.[24] Later he also became involved with another ministry that had a reputation for taking men from the Third Ward to Minnesota in a church-work program with drug rehabilitation and job placement services.[8]

In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis to find work, as some of his close friends had done.[25][26] He worked as a truck driver and a bouncer, and lived in St. Louis Park, a gentrifying Minneapolis suburb.[5][7][27] In 2017, he filmed an anti–gun violence video.[4][14] From 2017 to 2018, Floyd worked as a security guard for The Salvation Army's Harbor Light Center in Minneapolis.[28] In 2020, he lost his security job because of the Covid-19 pandemic.[29] In April 2020, Floyd learned he was infected with the Covid-19 coronavirus and spent a few weeks recovering before feeling well enough to go out in public.[8][3]

Personal life

Floyd was the oldest boy of six children, the next oldest is Philonise who started a fund for Floyd’s legal expenses, funeral costs, and for his children; as of June 2020 it has over fourteen million in donations.[2] He has an older sister ZsaZsa, younger sister LaTonya, and brothers Terrence, and Rodney Floyd.[3][10]

Floyd had five children, including two daughters who reside in Houston, ages 6 and 22, and an adult son in Bryan, Texas.[30][31][32] Floyd’s former partner, Roxie Washington, lives in Houston with his youngest daughter Gianna.[2][33] He also had two grandchildren.[3]

Death

Main article: Killing of George Floyd

On May 25, 2020, Floyd was arrested on a charge of passing a counterfeit $20 bill at a grocery store in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis. According to the store clerk, the bill was an obvious fake and Floyd had refused to return the purchased cigarettes when challenged.[34]

He died after Derek Chauvin, a white police officer, pressed his knee to Floyd's neck for eight minutes and 46 seconds during the arrest. Floyd was handcuffed face down in the street,[35][36][37] while two other officers further restrained Floyd and a fourth prevented onlookers from intervening.[38]: 6:24 [39][40] For the last three of those minutes Floyd was motionless and had no pulse,[35][37] but officers made no attempt to revive him.[41]: 6:46  Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck as arriving emergency medical technicians attempted to treat him.[41]: 7:21 

The official autopsy found Floyd died of cardiopulmonary arrest caused by subdual and restraint.[15][42] The toxicologist found several psychoactive substances or metabolites in his system, and the medical examiner noted fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use as significantly contributory to his death, though not the cause.[15][43] A second autopsy, commissioned by Floyd's family and performed by Michael Baden, without access to various tissue and fluid samples, found that the "evidence is consistent with mechanical asphyxia as the cause" of death, with neck compression restricting blood flow to the brain, and back compression restricting breathing.[44]

After Floyd's death, protests were held globally against the use of excessive force by police officers and lack of police accountability. Protests developed in over 400 cities throughout all 50 U.S. states and internationally.[45][46]

Memorials and legacy

File:The George Floyd mural outside Cup Foods at Chicago Ave and E 38th St in Minneapolis, Minnesota.jpg
Mural of George Floyd near where he died
Floyd's casket in a horse drawn carriage during his burial procession on June 9 in Pearland, Texas

Various memorial services were planned across the world. On June 4, 2020, a memorial service for Floyd took place in Minneapolis with the Rev. Al Sharpton delivering the eulogy.[13][47] Services were planned in North Carolina with a public viewing and private service on June 6 and in Houston on June 8 and 9.[48] Floyd was buried next to his mother, Larcenia Floyd, in Pearland, Texas.[49][50][51]

External videos
video icon George Floyd Memorial Service in Minneapolis, June 4, 2020, C-SPAN
video icon George Floyd Funeral Service in Houston, June 9, 2020, C-SPAN

North Central University hosted the Minneapolis memorial service, announcing a memorial scholarship in Floyd's name and challenging other colleges and universities to follow suit.[52][53] University president Scott Hagen announced that as of June 4, the scholarship fund had received US$53,000 in donations.[53] Alabama State announced a scholarship honoring Floyd and Greg Gunn in response hours later, challenging other historically black colleges and universities to follow suit; HBCU Oakwood University announced a scholarship that same day.[54][55] Missouri State University, Southeast Missouri State and Ohio University announced June 5 that the schools would offer George Floyd scholarships.[56][57][58] On June 6 SUNY Buffalo State and Copper Mountain College announced scholarships in Floyd's name.[59][60] By June 11, thirteen universities had announced scholarships in Floyd's name.[61]

Street artists globally created murals honoring Floyd. Depictions included Floyd as a ghost in Minneapolis, as an angel in Houston and as a saint weeping blood in Naples. A mural on the International Wall in Belfast commissioned by Festival of the People (Féile an Phobail) and Visit West Belfast (Fáilte Feirste Thiar) features a large portrait of Floyd above a tableau showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck while the three other officers turn their backs and each covers his eyes, ears, or mouth in the manner of the Three Wise Monkeys ("See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil").[62][63][64] By June 6, murals had been created in many cities, including Manchester, Dallas, Miami, Idlib, Los Angeles, Nairobi, Oakland, Strombeek-Bever, Berlin, Pensacola, and La Mesa.[65][66]

A bill proposed by Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX) and named for Floyd, the George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act, was designed to reduce police brutality and establish national policing standards and accreditations.[67][68]

The June 13th edition of The Economist, in a cover story on Floyd and the protests surrounding his death, said, "His legacy is the rich promise of social reform."[69]

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e Jangra, Sachin (June 11, 2020). "George Floyd Criminal Past Record/Arrest History/Career Timeline: Baggie, Gun Pregnant and All Details". The Courier Daily. Retrieved June 11, 2020. Cite error: The named reference ":11" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d "COURT DOCUMENTS: George Floyd Profile Reads Like A Career Criminal". Great Game India - Journal On Geopolitics And International Relations. June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020. Cite error: The named reference ":12" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e "An athlete, friend and father - who was George Floyd?". BBC News. May 31, 2020. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Richmond, Todd (May 28, 2020). "Who was George Floyd? Unemployed due to coronavirus, he'd moved to Minneapolis for a fresh start". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Julian (May 27, 2020). "In Houston, friends and family mourn 'gentle giant' George Floyd amid calls for murder charges for cops". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
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  27. ^ "George Floyd was killed on May 25". The Economist. June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020. He liked being a bouncer. His regular stint was at the Conga Latin Bistro on East Hennepin, another Mexican-Latino joint with dining and dancing.
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  62. ^ "'Black Lives Matter' mural solidarity with family of George Floyd" – via www.facebook.com.
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  66. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  67. ^ Siegel, Benjamin (June 4, 2020). "House Democrats introduce policing reform bill named for George Floyd". ABC News. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  68. ^ Kim, Caitlyn (June 4, 2020). "Congress Is Eyeing Legislative Solutions To Police Brutality, Including Jason Crow". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  69. ^ "The power of protest and the legacy of George Floyd". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved June 11, 2020.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd&diff=962055736&oldid=962054828

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