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→‎Criticism: being WP:BOLD, this is how I would mention Schurr&Yardumian's crititism; it's not necessarily more notable than others' criticism
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==Criticism==
==Criticism==
The accuracy and reliability of Elhaik's population genetic theory of the Khazars has been strongly criticised by other academics in peer-reviewed publications based on linguistic<ref name="Aptroot-2016">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/gbe/evw131 |title=Yiddish Language and Ashkenazic Jews: A Perspective from Culture, Language, and Literature |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1948–1949 |year=2016 |last1=Aptroot|first1=Marion|doi-access=free }}</ref> and genetic evidence.<ref name="Behar-2013">{{cite journal |doi=10.3378/027.085.0604 |title=No Evidence from Genome-Wide Data of a Khazar Origin for the Ashkenazi Jews |journal=Human Biology |volume=85 |issue=6 |pages=859-900 |year=2013 |last1=Behar|first1=Doron M. |last2=Mespalu|first2=Mait|last3=Baran|first3=Yael|last4=Kopelman|first4=Naama M. S|last5=Yunusbayev|first5=Bayazit |last6=Gladstein|first6=Ariella |last7=Tzur|first7=Shay |last8=Sahakyan|first8=Hovhannes|last9=Bahmanimehr|first9=Ardeshir |last10=Yepiskoposyan|first10=Levon |last11=Tambets|first11=Kristiina |last12=Khusnutdinova|first12=Elza K. |last13=Kushiniarevich|first13=Alena |last14=Balanovsky|first14=Oleg |last15=Balanovsky|first15=Elena |last16=Kovacevic|first16=Lejla|last17=Marjanovic|first17=Damir|last18=Mihailov|first18=Evelin |last19=Kouvasti|first19=Anastasia |last20=Triantaphylldis|first20=Costas |last21=King|first21=Roy J. |last22=Semino|first22=Ornella |last23=Torroni|first23=Antonio |last24=Hammer|first24=Michael F. |last25=Metspalu|first25=Ene |last26=Skorecki|first26=Karl |last27=Rosset|first27=Saharon |last28=Halperin|first28=Eran |last29=Willems|first29=Richard |last30=Rosenberg|first30=Noah A.}}</ref><ref name="Flegentov-2016">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/gbe/evw162 |title=Pitfalls of the Geographic Population Structure (GPS) Approach Applied to Human Genetic History: A Case Study of Ashkenazi Jews |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=2259–2265 |year=2016 |last1=Flegontov|first1=Pavel |last2=Kassian|first2=Alexei |last3=Thomas|first3=Mark G. |last4=Fedchenko|first4=Valentina |last5=Changmai|first5=Piya |last6=Starostin|first6=George|doi-access=free }}</ref> News articles written by academics and commentators on Jewish history and genealogy have also criticised his population genetic methods and software, and historical and linguistic inferences.<ref name="Forbes-1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/05/16/israeli-researcher-challenges-jewish-dna-links-to-israel-calls-those-who-disagree-nazi-sympathizers/?sh=3091d9db28bc|title=Israeli Researcher Challenges Jewish DNA links to Israel, Calls Those Who Disagree 'Nazi Sympathizers'|last=Entine|first=Jon|date=16 May 2013|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-696">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94028|title=DNA ancestry tests not to be trusted, say experts|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=11 March 2013|work=BioNews (Issue 696)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-752">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94582|title=Genetic ancestry test claims to find 'village where your DNA was formed'|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=6 May 2013|work=BioNews (Issue 752)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-753">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94594|title=So many genes, so close to home|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=12 May 2014|work=BioNews (Issue 753)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2016">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/339676/dont-buy-the-junk-science-that-says-yiddish-originated-in-turkey/|title=Don’t Buy the Junk Science That Says Yiddish Originated in Turkey|last=Kutzik|first=Jordan|date=28 April 2016|work=[[The Forward]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="CJN-1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cjnews.com/featured/jewish-learning/scholars-dismiss-theory-tracing-ashkenazi-jews-to-turkey|title=Scholars dismiss theory tracing Ashkenazi Jews to Turkey|last=Liphshiz|first=Cnaan|date=3 May 2016|work=[[The Canadian Jewish News]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2017-1">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/382244/how-23andme-fell-for-anti-semitic-khazar-canard/|title=How 23andMe Fell For Anti-Semitic ‘Khazar’ Canard|last= Ostrer|first=Harry|date=11 September 2017|work=The Forward|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2017-2">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/382967/ashkenazi-jews-are-not-khazars-heres-the-proof/|title=Ashkenazi Jews Are Not Khazars.Here’s The Proof|last=Beider|first=Alexander |date=25 September 2017|work=[[The Forward]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref>
The accuracy and reliability of Elhaik's population genetic theory of the Khazars has been strongly criticised by other academics in peer-reviewed publications based on linguistic<ref name="Aptroot-2016">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/gbe/evw131 |title=Yiddish Language and Ashkenazic Jews: A Perspective from Culture, Language, and Literature |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1948–1949 |year=2016 |last1=Aptroot|first1=Marion|doi-access=free }}</ref> and genetic evidence.<ref name="Behar-2013">{{cite journal |doi=10.3378/027.085.0604 |title=No Evidence from Genome-Wide Data of a Khazar Origin for the Ashkenazi Jews |journal=Human Biology |volume=85 |issue=6 |pages=859-900 |year=2013 |last1=Behar|first1=Doron M. |last2=Mespalu|first2=Mait|last3=Baran|first3=Yael|last4=Kopelman|first4=Naama M. S|last5=Yunusbayev|first5=Bayazit |last6=Gladstein|first6=Ariella |last7=Tzur|first7=Shay |last8=Sahakyan|first8=Hovhannes|last9=Bahmanimehr|first9=Ardeshir |last10=Yepiskoposyan|first10=Levon |last11=Tambets|first11=Kristiina |last12=Khusnutdinova|first12=Elza K. |last13=Kushiniarevich|first13=Alena |last14=Balanovsky|first14=Oleg |last15=Balanovsky|first15=Elena |last16=Kovacevic|first16=Lejla|last17=Marjanovic|first17=Damir|last18=Mihailov|first18=Evelin |last19=Kouvasti|first19=Anastasia |last20=Triantaphylldis|first20=Costas |last21=King|first21=Roy J. |last22=Semino|first22=Ornella |last23=Torroni|first23=Antonio |last24=Hammer|first24=Michael F. |last25=Metspalu|first25=Ene |last26=Skorecki|first26=Karl |last27=Rosset|first27=Saharon |last28=Halperin|first28=Eran |last29=Willems|first29=Richard |last30=Rosenberg|first30=Noah A.}}</ref><ref name="Flegentov-2016">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/gbe/evw162 |title=Pitfalls of the Geographic Population Structure (GPS) Approach Applied to Human Genetic History: A Case Study of Ashkenazi Jews |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=2259–2265 |year=2016 |last1=Flegontov|first1=Pavel |last2=Kassian|first2=Alexei |last3=Thomas|first3=Mark G. |last4=Fedchenko|first4=Valentina |last5=Changmai|first5=Piya |last6=Starostin|first6=George|doi-access=free }}</ref> News articles written by academics and commentators on Jewish history and genealogy have also criticised his population genetic methods and software, historical and linguistic inferences, and underlying assumptions.<ref name="Forbes-1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/05/16/israeli-researcher-challenges-jewish-dna-links-to-israel-calls-those-who-disagree-nazi-sympathizers/?sh=3091d9db28bc|title=Israeli Researcher Challenges Jewish DNA links to Israel, Calls Those Who Disagree 'Nazi Sympathizers'|last=Entine|first=Jon|date=16 May 2013|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-696">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94028|title=DNA ancestry tests not to be trusted, say experts|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=11 March 2013|work=BioNews (Issue 696)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-752">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94582|title=Genetic ancestry test claims to find 'village where your DNA was formed'|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=6 May 2013|work=BioNews (Issue 752)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="BioNews-753">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_94594|title=So many genes, so close to home|last=Thomas|first=Matthew|date=12 May 2014|work=BioNews (Issue 753)|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2016">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/339676/dont-buy-the-junk-science-that-says-yiddish-originated-in-turkey/|title=Don’t Buy the Junk Science That Says Yiddish Originated in Turkey|last=Kutzik|first=Jordan|date=28 April 2016|work=[[The Forward]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="CJN-1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cjnews.com/featured/jewish-learning/scholars-dismiss-theory-tracing-ashkenazi-jews-to-turkey|title=Scholars dismiss theory tracing Ashkenazi Jews to Turkey|last=Liphshiz|first=Cnaan|date=3 May 2016|work=[[The Canadian Jewish News]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2017-1">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/382244/how-23andme-fell-for-anti-semitic-khazar-canard/|title=How 23andMe Fell For Anti-Semitic ‘Khazar’ Canard|last= Ostrer|first=Harry|date=11 September 2017|work=The Forward|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Forward-2017-2">{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/opinion/382967/ashkenazi-jews-are-not-khazars-heres-the-proof/|title=Ashkenazi Jews Are Not Khazars.Here’s The Proof|last=Beider|first=Alexander |date=25 September 2017|work=[[The Forward]]|access-date=29 April 2021}}</ref><ref>Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, [http://www.biblaridion.info/video/ethnogenesis.pdf 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,'] [[Journal of Anthropological Research]] Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234</ref><ref>Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, [http://www.biblaridion.info/video/ethnogenesis.pdf 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,'] [[Journal of Anthropological Research]] Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234</ref>

Yardumian and Schurr have criticized both Elhaik's Khazar hypothesis and the mainstream model it challenged, on the grounds that, in their view, both assume the same homeland-diaspora expansion model. As opposed to this, they view [[ethnogenesis|Jewish ethnogenesis]] as one rooted in multiple heterogeneous populations which, often after conversion, coalesced to form modern day Jews.
<ref>Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, [http://www.biblaridion.info/video/ethnogenesis.pdf 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,'] [[Journal of Anthropological Research]] Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234</ref>


A [[corrigendum]] for one of Elhaik's original GPS method paper was published in 2016, after a co-author (Tatiana Tatarinova) failed to declare a conflict of interest with Prosapia Genetics.<ref name="GPS-2">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/ncomms13468 |title=Correction: Corrigendum: Geographic population structure analysis of worldwide human populations infers their biogeographical origins |journal=Nature Communications |volume=7 |pages=13468 |year=2016 |last1=Elhaik|first1=Eran |last2=Tatarinova|first2=Tatiana |last3=Chebotarev|first3=Dmitri |last4=Piras|first4=Ignazio S|last5=Calò|first5=Carla Maria |last6=De Montis|first6=Antonella |last7=Atzori|first7=Manuela |last8=Marini|first8=Monica |last9=Tofanelli|first9=Sergio |last10=Francalacci|first10=Paolo |last11=Pagani|first11=Luca |last12=Tyler-Smith|first12=Chris |last13=Xue|first13=Yali |last14=Cucca|first14=Francesco |last15=Schurr|first15=Theodore G. |last16=Gaieski|first16=Jill B. |last17=Melendez|first17=Carlalynne |last18=Vilar|first18=Miguel G. |last19=Owings|first19=Amanda C. |last20=Gómez|first20=Rocío |last21=Fujita|first21=Ricardo |last22=Santos|first22=Fabrício R. |last23=Comas|first23=David |last24=Balanovsky|first24=Oleg |last25=Balanovska|first25=Elena |last26=Zalloua|first26=Pierre |last27=Soodyall|first27=Himla |last28=Pitchappan|first28=Ramasamy |last29=GaneshPrasad|first29=ArunKumar |last30=Hammer|first30=Michael |last31=Matisoo-Smith|first31=Lisa |last32=Wells|first32=Spencer R.}}</ref> Prosapia Genetics is a private company that sells a genealogy test based on Elhaik's GPS method.<ref name="BioNews-753" />
A [[corrigendum]] for one of Elhaik's original GPS method paper was published in 2016, after a co-author (Tatiana Tatarinova) failed to declare a conflict of interest with Prosapia Genetics.<ref name="GPS-2">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/ncomms13468 |title=Correction: Corrigendum: Geographic population structure analysis of worldwide human populations infers their biogeographical origins |journal=Nature Communications |volume=7 |pages=13468 |year=2016 |last1=Elhaik|first1=Eran |last2=Tatarinova|first2=Tatiana |last3=Chebotarev|first3=Dmitri |last4=Piras|first4=Ignazio S|last5=Calò|first5=Carla Maria |last6=De Montis|first6=Antonella |last7=Atzori|first7=Manuela |last8=Marini|first8=Monica |last9=Tofanelli|first9=Sergio |last10=Francalacci|first10=Paolo |last11=Pagani|first11=Luca |last12=Tyler-Smith|first12=Chris |last13=Xue|first13=Yali |last14=Cucca|first14=Francesco |last15=Schurr|first15=Theodore G. |last16=Gaieski|first16=Jill B. |last17=Melendez|first17=Carlalynne |last18=Vilar|first18=Miguel G. |last19=Owings|first19=Amanda C. |last20=Gómez|first20=Rocío |last21=Fujita|first21=Ricardo |last22=Santos|first22=Fabrício R. |last23=Comas|first23=David |last24=Balanovsky|first24=Oleg |last25=Balanovska|first25=Elena |last26=Zalloua|first26=Pierre |last27=Soodyall|first27=Himla |last28=Pitchappan|first28=Ramasamy |last29=GaneshPrasad|first29=ArunKumar |last30=Hammer|first30=Michael |last31=Matisoo-Smith|first31=Lisa |last32=Wells|first32=Spencer R.}}</ref> Prosapia Genetics is a private company that sells a genealogy test based on Elhaik's GPS method.<ref name="BioNews-753" />

Revision as of 19:26, 11 May 2021

Eran Elhaik
Born1980
Israel
NationalityIsraeli and American
Alma materUniversity of Houston
Scientific career
FieldsGenetics, bioinformatics, Population genetics
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University, University of Sheffield, Lund University
Doctoral advisorDan Graur

Eran Elhaik (born 1980) is an Israeli-American geneticist and bioinformatician, and an associate professor of bioinformatics at Lund University in Sweden. His research uses computational, statistical, epidemiological and mathematical approaches to fields such as complex disorders, population genetics, personalised medicine, molecular evolution, genomics, paleogenomics and epigenetics.[citation needed]

Career

After completing undergraduate studies in Israel, he obtained a PhD in molecular evolution under the supervision of Dan Graur at the University of Houston in 2009, followed by postdoctoral research fellowships at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and School of Public Health. In 2011 the Genographic Project, after concerns emerged about the retention of private genetic data of individuals in surveyed populations, hired Elhaik and asked him to design a method that would enable analysts to extract only historical information from the accumulating genomic evidence of populations in such a way that individual's right to keep their private health profile was collected from individuals, without infringing their personal health data private.' [1] From 2014 to 2019 he worked at the University of Sheffield Department of Animal and Plant Sciences in the United Kingdom.[2] Since 2019 he has been an associate professor of bioinformatics at the Department of Biology at Lund University in Sweden.[3][4]

Research

In the field of molecular evolution, Elhaik worked on the compositional domain model that describes the compositional organization of animal genomes.[5]

In the field of complex disorders, he proposed that the allostatic load theory could be used to explain bipolar disorder [6] and Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[7] According to this theory, the accumulation of perinatal and prenatal stressors has neurotoxic effects with consequences to one's health.

In the field of genetics, Elhaik was part of the team that designed the GenoChip microarray for the Genographic Project and their online tests.[8] He also contributed to the development of algorithms for data compression.[9]

In the field of population genetics, Elhaik has published papers analyzing the ancestries of European Jews[10][11][12] and Druze,[13][14] including work related to the Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry, a contentious subject that has received media attention.[15] Elhaik argues for a non-Levantine origin of the Ashkenazi[16] and favours the hypothesis that they are of mixed Irano-Turko-Slavic and southern European descent.[17] Most of Elhaik's population genetic research uses the GPS (Geographic Population Structure) algorithm designed by him and co-authors.[18] Marcus Feldman, director of Stanford’s Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, has said that Elhaik is "just wrong", and that he "appears to be applying the statistics in a way that gives him different results from what everybody else has obtained from essentially similar data".[19]

Elhaik himself initially contacted Harry Ostrer, who, along with most other scientists in the field, proposes that the Jews are genetically related and relatively homogeneous, in order to obtain permission to access the data basis used by Ostrer and his colleagues to establish their result. Ostrer was willing to share his data provided that Elhaik submit a proposal showing that the project met several criteria, including that it be "non-defamatory nature toward the Jewish people". Pediatrician Catherine D. DeAngelis commented that 'allowing scientists access to data only if their research will not defame Jews is "peculiar"', and added "what he (Ostrer) does is set himself up for criticism: Wait a minute. What’s this guy trying to hide?"[19]

Elhaik has said that while his paper "has attracted the attention of anti-Zionists and 'anti-Semitic white supremacists'", his intention was not to disprove a connection to biblical Jews, but rather "to eliminate the racist underpinnings of anti-Semitism in Europe".[19]

Criticism

The accuracy and reliability of Elhaik's population genetic theory of the Khazars has been strongly criticised by other academics in peer-reviewed publications based on linguistic[20] and genetic evidence.[21][22] News articles written by academics and commentators on Jewish history and genealogy have also criticised his population genetic methods and software, historical and linguistic inferences, and underlying assumptions.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]

A corrigendum for one of Elhaik's original GPS method paper was published in 2016, after a co-author (Tatiana Tatarinova) failed to declare a conflict of interest with Prosapia Genetics.[33] Prosapia Genetics is a private company that sells a genealogy test based on Elhaik's GPS method.[26]

References

  1. ^ Christine Kenneally, The Invisible History of the Human Race: How DNA and History Shape Our Identities and Our Futures, Penguin Books, 2014 ISBN 978-0-698-17629-4:'In 2011 Eran Elhaik was hired to solve one of the biggest jigsaw puzzles in the history of the human race. ‘Following the failed Human Genome Diversity Project, National Geographic launched the Genographic Project in 2005 to develop a way of reading people's Y chromosome and mttDNA). In 2011 Genographic decided to include all the chromosomes and analyse autosomal DNA as well. Elhaik was asked to design a method that would extract the most information from a sample but at the same time extract only historical information and not anything to do with an individual's health or features.'
  2. ^ "Dr Eran Elhaik". University of Sheffield.
  3. ^ Eran Elhaik, Lund University
  4. ^ Eran Elhaik – new senior lecturer
  5. ^ Elhaik, Eran; Graur, Dan; Josić, Krešimir; Landan, Giddy (2010). "Identifying compositionally homogeneous and nonhomogeneous domains within the human genome using a novel segmentation algorithm". Nucleic Acids Research. 38 (15): e158. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq532. PMC 2926622. PMID 20571085.
  6. ^ Elhaik, Eran; Zandi, Peter (2015). "Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway as a potential inducer of bipolar disorder". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 70: 18–27. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.009. PMID 26424419.
  7. ^ Elhaik, Eran (2016). "A 'Wear and Tear' Hypothesis to Explain Sudden Infant Death Syndrome". Frontiers in Neurology. 7: 180. doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00180. PMC 5083856. PMID 27840622.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ "Genome Biology and Evolution | Oxford Academic".
  9. ^ Chanda, P; Elhaik, E; Bader, JS (27 July 2012). "HapZipper: sharing HapMap populations just got easier". Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (20): e159. doi:10.1093/nar/gks709. PMC 3488212. PMID 22844100.
  10. ^ Elhaik, E (1 January 2013). "The missing link of Jewish European ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian hypotheses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 5 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1093/gbe/evs119. PMC 3595026. PMID 23241444.
  11. ^ Das, R (19 April 2016). "Localizing Ashkenazic Jews to Primeval Villages in the Ancient Iranian Lands of Ashkenaz". Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (7): 1132–49. doi:10.1093/gbe/evw046. PMC 4860683. PMID 26941229.
  12. ^ Elhaik, E (5 August 2016). "In search of the jüdische Typus: A Proposed Benchmark to Test the Genetic Basis of Jewishness Challenges Notions of "Jewish Biomarkers"". frontiers in Genetics. 7 (141): 141. doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00141. PMC 4974603. PMID 27547215.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Elhaik, E (1 January 2013). "The missing link of Jewish European ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian hypotheses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 5 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1093/gbe/evs119. PMC 3595026. PMID 23241444.
  14. ^ Marshall, S (16 November 2016). "Reconstructing Druze population history". Scientific Reports. 6 (35837): 35837. Bibcode:2016NatSR...635837M. doi:10.1038/srep35837. PMC 5111078. PMID 27848937.
  15. ^ Keys, David (20 April 2016). "Scientists reveal Jewish history's forgotten Turkish roots". The Independent.
  16. ^ Editorial: Population Genetics of Worldwide Jewish People, Frontiers in Genetics 28 July 2017
  17. ^ Ranajit Das, Paul Wexler, Mehdi Pirooznia and Eran Elhaik,'The Origins of Ashkenaz, Ashkenazic Jews, and Yiddish,'Frontiers in Genetics 21 June 2017
  18. ^ Elhaik, Eran; Tatarinova, Tatiana; Chebotarev, Dmitri; Piras, Ignazio S; Calò, Carla Maria; De Montis, Antonella; Atzori, Manuela; Marini, Monica; Tofanelli, Sergio; Francalacci, Paolo; Pagani, Luca; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Cucca, Francesco; Schurr, Theodore G.; Gaieski, Jill B.; Melendez, Carlalynne; Vilar, Miguel G.; Owings, Amanda C.; Gómez, Rocío; Fujita, Ricardo; Santos, Fabrício R.; Comas, David; Balanovsky, Oleg; Balanovska, Elena; Zalloua, Pierre; Soodyall, Himla; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; GaneshPrasad, ArunKumar; Hammer, Michael; Matisoo-Smith, Lisa; Wells, Spencer R.; The Genographic Consortium (2014). "Geographic population structure analysis of worldwide human populations infers their biogeographical origins". Nature Communications. 5: 3513. doi:10.1038/ncomms4513.
  19. ^ a b c Rubin, Rita (7 May 2013). "'Jews a Race' Genetic Theory Comes Under Fierce Attack by DNA Expert".
  20. ^ Aptroot, Marion (2016). "Yiddish Language and Ashkenazic Jews: A Perspective from Culture, Language, and Literature". Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (6): 1948–1949. doi:10.1093/gbe/evw131.
  21. ^ Behar, Doron M.; Mespalu, Mait; Baran, Yael; Kopelman, Naama M. S; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Gladstein, Ariella; Tzur, Shay; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Tambets, Kristiina; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kushiniarevich, Alena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Balanovsky, Elena; Kovacevic, Lejla; Marjanovic, Damir; Mihailov, Evelin; Kouvasti, Anastasia; Triantaphylldis, Costas; King, Roy J.; Semino, Ornella; Torroni, Antonio; Hammer, Michael F.; Metspalu, Ene; Skorecki, Karl; Rosset, Saharon; Halperin, Eran; Willems, Richard; Rosenberg, Noah A. (2013). "No Evidence from Genome-Wide Data of a Khazar Origin for the Ashkenazi Jews". Human Biology. 85 (6): 859–900. doi:10.3378/027.085.0604.
  22. ^ Flegontov, Pavel; Kassian, Alexei; Thomas, Mark G.; Fedchenko, Valentina; Changmai, Piya; Starostin, George (2016). "Pitfalls of the Geographic Population Structure (GPS) Approach Applied to Human Genetic History: A Case Study of Ashkenazi Jews". Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (7): 2259–2265. doi:10.1093/gbe/evw162.
  23. ^ Entine, Jon (16 May 2013). "Israeli Researcher Challenges Jewish DNA links to Israel, Calls Those Who Disagree 'Nazi Sympathizers'". Forbes. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  24. ^ Thomas, Matthew (11 March 2013). "DNA ancestry tests not to be trusted, say experts". BioNews (Issue 696). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  25. ^ Thomas, Matthew (6 May 2013). "Genetic ancestry test claims to find 'village where your DNA was formed'". BioNews (Issue 752). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  26. ^ a b Thomas, Matthew (12 May 2014). "So many genes, so close to home". BioNews (Issue 753). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  27. ^ Kutzik, Jordan (28 April 2016). "Don't Buy the Junk Science That Says Yiddish Originated in Turkey". The Forward. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  28. ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan (3 May 2016). "Scholars dismiss theory tracing Ashkenazi Jews to Turkey". The Canadian Jewish News. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  29. ^ Ostrer, Harry (11 September 2017). "How 23andMe Fell For Anti-Semitic 'Khazar' Canard". The Forward. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  30. ^ Beider, Alexander (25 September 2017). "Ashkenazi Jews Are Not Khazars.Here's The Proof". The Forward. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  31. ^ Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,' Journal of Anthropological Research Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234
  32. ^ Aram Yardumian,Theodore G Schurr, 'The Geography of Jewish Ethnogenesis,' Journal of Anthropological Research Volume 75, Number 2 pp.206–234
  33. ^ Elhaik, Eran; Tatarinova, Tatiana; Chebotarev, Dmitri; Piras, Ignazio S; Calò, Carla Maria; De Montis, Antonella; Atzori, Manuela; Marini, Monica; Tofanelli, Sergio; Francalacci, Paolo; Pagani, Luca; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Cucca, Francesco; Schurr, Theodore G.; Gaieski, Jill B.; Melendez, Carlalynne; Vilar, Miguel G.; Owings, Amanda C.; Gómez, Rocío; Fujita, Ricardo; Santos, Fabrício R.; Comas, David; Balanovsky, Oleg; Balanovska, Elena; Zalloua, Pierre; Soodyall, Himla; Pitchappan, Ramasamy; GaneshPrasad, ArunKumar; Hammer, Michael; Matisoo-Smith, Lisa; Wells, Spencer R. (2016). "Correction: Corrigendum: Geographic population structure analysis of worldwide human populations infers their biogeographical origins". Nature Communications. 7: 13468. doi:10.1038/ncomms13468.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eran_Elhaik&diff=1022660676&oldid=1022548952

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