Cannabis Ruderalis

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It's vapor
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[[File:Electronic Cigarette Smoking.jpg |thumb|[[Aerosol]] ([[vapor]]) exhaled by an e-cigarette user.]]
[[File:Electronic Cigarette Smoking.jpg |thumb|[[Vapor]] exhaled by an e-cigarette user.]]
[[File:NNK chemical structure.png|thumb|The [[NNK|nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone]] (NNK) [[molecule]].]]
[[File:NNK chemical structure.png|thumb|The [[NNK|nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone]] (NNK) [[molecule]].]]
In [[electronic cigarette]]s a liquid is heated to a temperature of about 55°C to create an aerosolized vapor.<ref name=Kacker2014>{{cite journal|last1=Oh|first1=Anne Y.|last2=Kacker|first2=Ashutosh|title=Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke|journal=The Laryngoscope|date=December 2014|volume=124|issue=12|pages=2702–2706|doi=10.1002/lary.24750|pmid=25302452}}</ref> The vapor contains similar [[chemical]]s to the e-liquid which vary in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers.<ref name=Bertholon2013/><ref name=Cheng2014/><ref name=Rom2014/> The vapor usually contains [[nicotine]], [[glycerol|glycerin]], [[propylene glycol]], [[flavor#Flavorants or flavorings|flavors]] and aroma transporters.<ref name=Hajek2014>{{cite journal|last1=Hajek|first1=P|last2=Etter|first2=JF|last3=Benowitz|first3=N|last4=Eissenberg|first4=T|last5=McRobbie|first5=H|title=Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit.|url=http://tobonline.com/Media/Default/Article/Addiction-%20Hajek%2014.pdf|journal=Addiction (Abingdon, England)|date=31 July 2014|pmid=25078252|doi=10.1111/add.12659|volume=109|issue=11|pages=1801–10}}</ref> The vapor may also contain tiny amounts of [[toxicant]]s, [[carcinogen]]s, and [[heavy metals]].<ref name=Grana2014>{{cite journal|last=Grana|first=R|author2=Benowitz, N |author3=Glantz, SA |title=E-cigarettes: a scientific review.|journal=Circulation|date=13 May 2014|volume=129|issue=19|pages=1972–86|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667|pmid=24821826|pmc=4018182}}</ref><ref name=Hajek2014/> Contamination with various chemicals has been identified in some products.<ref name=Bertholon2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bertholon|first1=J.F.|last2=Becquemin|first2=M.H.|last3=Annesi-Maesano|first3=I.|last4=Dautzenberg|first4=B.|title=Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review|journal=Respiration|year=2013|issn=1423-0356|volume=86|pages=433–8|doi=10.1159/000353253|pmid=24080743}}</ref>
In [[electronic cigarette]]s a liquid is heated to a temperature of about 55°C to create an aerosolized vapor.<ref name=Kacker2014>{{cite journal|last1=Oh|first1=Anne Y.|last2=Kacker|first2=Ashutosh|title=Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke|journal=The Laryngoscope|date=December 2014|volume=124|issue=12|pages=2702–2706|doi=10.1002/lary.24750|pmid=25302452}}</ref> The vapor contains similar [[chemical]]s to the e-liquid which vary in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers.<ref name=Bertholon2013/><ref name=Cheng2014/><ref name=Rom2014/> The vapor usually contains [[nicotine]], [[glycerol|glycerin]], [[propylene glycol]], [[flavor#Flavorants or flavorings|flavors]] and aroma transporters.<ref name=Hajek2014>{{cite journal|last1=Hajek|first1=P|last2=Etter|first2=JF|last3=Benowitz|first3=N|last4=Eissenberg|first4=T|last5=McRobbie|first5=H|title=Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit.|url=http://tobonline.com/Media/Default/Article/Addiction-%20Hajek%2014.pdf|journal=Addiction (Abingdon, England)|date=31 July 2014|pmid=25078252|doi=10.1111/add.12659|volume=109|issue=11|pages=1801–10}}</ref> The vapor may also contain tiny amounts of [[toxicant]]s, [[carcinogen]]s, and [[heavy metals]].<ref name=Grana2014>{{cite journal|last=Grana|first=R|author2=Benowitz, N |author3=Glantz, SA |title=E-cigarettes: a scientific review.|journal=Circulation|date=13 May 2014|volume=129|issue=19|pages=1972–86|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667|pmid=24821826|pmc=4018182}}</ref><ref name=Hajek2014/> Contamination with various chemicals has been identified in some products.<ref name=Bertholon2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bertholon|first1=J.F.|last2=Becquemin|first2=M.H.|last3=Annesi-Maesano|first3=I.|last4=Dautzenberg|first4=B.|title=Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review|journal=Respiration|year=2013|issn=1423-0356|volume=86|pages=433–8|doi=10.1159/000353253|pmid=24080743}}</ref>

Revision as of 10:59, 2 July 2015

Vapor exhaled by an e-cigarette user.
The nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) molecule.

In electronic cigarettes a liquid is heated to a temperature of about 55°C to create an aerosolized vapor.[1] The vapor contains similar chemicals to the e-liquid which vary in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers.[2][3][4] The vapor usually contains nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol, flavors and aroma transporters.[5] The vapor may also contain tiny amounts of toxicants, carcinogens, and heavy metals.[6][5] Contamination with various chemicals has been identified in some products.[2]

Some metal parts in e-cigarettes contact the e-liquid and may contaminate it with metals[7] in concentrations far lower than levels considered safe in inhaled medicines.[5] Tin, cadmium, nickel, lead,[4] aluminum,[6] copper,[7] silver,[7] iron,[7] mercury,[8] and chromium have been found in the vapor.[3] The metals have been found in trace amounts in the vapor, although some of them at higher amounts than traditional cigarettes.[7] Silicate particles were found in the vapor.[7]

Many chemicals including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and glyoxal can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacts with the liquid.[9]

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) such as NNK and N-Nitrosonornicotine and tobacco-specific impurities have been found in the vapor at very low levels,[4] comparable to amounts found in nicotine replacement products.[7] Trace amounts of toluene,[4] xylene,[7] polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,[7] aldehydes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and tobacco alkaloids has been found in the vapor.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Oh, Anne Y.; Kacker, Ashutosh (December 2014). "Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke". The Laryngoscope. 124 (12): 2702–2706. doi:10.1002/lary.24750. PMID 25302452.
  2. ^ a b Bertholon, J.F.; Becquemin, M.H.; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Dautzenberg, B. (2013). "Electronic Cigarettes: A Short Review". Respiration. 86: 433–8. doi:10.1159/000353253. ISSN 1423-0356. PMID 24080743.
  3. ^ a b c Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
  4. ^ a b c d Rom, Oren; Pecorelli, Alessandra; Valacchi, Giuseppe; Reznick, Abraham Z. (2014). "Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/nyas.12609. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 25557889.
  5. ^ a b c Hajek, P; Etter, JF; Benowitz, N; Eissenberg, T; McRobbie, H (31 July 2014). "Electronic cigarettes: review of use, content, safety, effects on smokers and potential for harm and benefit" (PDF). Addiction (Abingdon, England). 109 (11): 1801–10. doi:10.1111/add.12659. PMID 25078252.
  6. ^ a b Grana, R; Benowitz, N; Glantz, SA (13 May 2014). "E-cigarettes: a scientific review". Circulation. 129 (19): 1972–86. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667. PMC 4018182. PMID 24821826.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Farsalinos, K. E.; Polosa, R. (2014). "Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review". Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 5 (2): 67–86. doi:10.1177/2042098614524430. ISSN 2042-0986. PMC 4110871. PMID 25083263.
  8. ^ SA, Meo; SA, Al Asiri (2014). "Effects of electronic cigarette smoking on human health" (PDF). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 18 (21): 3315–9. PMID 25487945.
  9. ^ Bekki, Kanae; Uchiyama, Shigehisa; Ohta, Kazushi; Inaba, Yohei; Nakagome, Hideki; Kunugita, Naoki (2014). "Carbonyl Compounds Generated from Electronic Cigarettes". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 11 (11): 11192–11200. doi:10.3390/ijerph111111192. ISSN 1660-4601. PMID 25353061.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_cigarette_aerosol&type=revision&diff=669616928&oldid=669615676

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