THC Science

Mid-Ulster English
Mid-Ulster English
Native to	Ulster
Region	United Kingdom (County Tyrone, County Londonderry, County Fermanagh, County Armagh, County Antrim, and County Down)
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic North Sea Germanic Anglo-Frisian Anglic English Hiberno-English Ulster English Mid-Ulster English; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Early forms	Old English Middle English Early Modern English ; ;
Writing system	Latin (English alphabet); Unified English Braille
Official status
Regulated by	–
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Comment: This draft is a draft on a subtopic of an existing article, Ulster English. Discussion as to whether a separate article for the subtopic is warranted should be on the talk page of the parent article, Talk:Ulster English.
Please discuss the suitability of creating a separate subtopic article on the talk page of the parent article. Please resubmit this draft if there is rough consensus at the parent talk page to create the child article, or with an explanation that the child draft satisfies either general notability on its own or a special notability guide. Robert McClenon (talk) 02:28, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

Mid-Ulster English or Mid Ulster English (Ulster Scots: Mid-Ulstèr Inglis, Irish: Béarla Lár Uladh), often abbreviated to MUE, is a subdialect of Ulster English. It is spoken in some parts of Northern Ireland and Donegal.^[1] The term Mid-Ulster English sometimes means English in Northern Ireland not derived from Scots.^[2] Despite its name, Mid-Ulster English is spoken in most parts of Ulster.

History

17th century and the Plantation of Ulster

During the Plantation of Ulster, many Northern English people and Southern Scottish people would move to Ulster, planting the west and east respectively.^[3]^[4] Meanwhile, Ulster Irish remained in the more southern parts. With the three languages, the central dialect would become the 17th century Mid-Ulster dialect.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Expansion

As the central dialect spread around with immigration, it eventually expanded to most of the Ulster region.^[8] Because of this expansion, Mid-Ulster English started to be claimed as the standard Ulster dialect.^[7] This approximately went from the east of County Down, of Northern Ireland, all the way towards western County Donegal, of the Republic of Ireland.

Modern day

The local rural Belfast and Derry dialects come from this dialect. The most spoken dialect in the Ulster region, the expansion helped it to get more speakers. Groups like the Mid Ulster English Society were founded to protect and promote the dialect. Warren Maguire, a senior lecturer in the English language, has studied the dialect, specifically his local Southwest Tyrone dialect.^[9]

Phonology

The sounds of Mid-Ulster English are known to sound like a combination of Hiberno-English and Ulster Scots English.^[10] As such, many features in Mid-Ulster English are combined, having influences from both varieties.^[11] Its phonology is a bit different to other English dialects in the isles.^[12] The phonology of Mid-Ulster English is shown to have many features from other languages, with various different vowels and other features absent in different varieties of English.^[13] The symbols below are those of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

Consonants

Rhoticity is present in the Mid-Ulster dialect, like in other Ulster dialects.^[1]
The suffix /ɪŋ/ in verbs such as running is pronounced /ɪn/.
The dialect also has lowering, which makes the speaker sound more low pitch.
The phoneme /x/ as in ach is mostly realised as the uvular /χ/ instead of the velar /x/.

Vowels

The diphthong /ɑʊ/ is pronounced more like /əʉ/ in most of the areas,
/ʊ/ in "food" and /u/ in "boot" are pronounced like /ʉ/.

Sample text

This sample text is the poem John the Liar by Rev W.F. Marshall, in the book "the Bard of Tyrone" (1983).

Well, it was freezin' hard.

An' bitther cowl; an' min' ye I had play,

(Yon mare's the deil for gettin' on hir en:)

But there wos John, he had his two han's up, Scared like an peghin, with no hat or coat;

A man's unaisy when he sees the like.

"The Lord bliss me, sez I, 'what's wrong?' Sez he,

'Be gomentays, I went an' killed two pigs, Ye niver seen the like of them two pigs, Throth they wor tarra; jist the five months oul".

"The deil a hair I care, sez I, 'ye killed A score of pigs; stan' out the road!'

Bibliography

Maguire, Warren (2020-09-21). Language and Dialect Contact in Ireland: The Phonological Origins of Mid-Ulster English. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-5293-9.

References

^ ^a ^b Trudgill, Peter (1984-05-17). Language in the British Isles. CUP Archive. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-0-521-24057-4.
^ Hickey, Raymond (2002-01-01). A Source Book for Irish English. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-90-272-3753-8.
^ "IV. The Scots in Ulster". Turnbull Clan. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
^ "Plantation of Ulster | Discover Ulster-Scots". Discover Ulster-Scots. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
^ Hickey, Raymond (2012-12-06). Areal Features of the Anglophone World. Walter de Gruyter. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-11-027942-9.
^ "BBC - History - Wars and Conflicts - Plantation of Ulster - Ulster Scots". BBC. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
^ ^a ^b Maguire (2020), p. 10
^ Г, Ніколенко А. Лексикологія англійської мови – теорія і практика. [англ.].: Навчальний посібник для ВНЗ. Нова Книга. pp. 362–363. ISBN 978-966-382-076-7.
^ Maguire, Warren. "Southwest Tyrone English". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
^ Trudgill, Peter (1984-05-17). Language in the British Isles. CUP Archive. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-521-24057-4.
^ Hogg, Richard M.; Blake, Norman Francis; Burchfield, Robert; Lass, Roger; Romaine, Suzanne (1992). The Cambridge History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-521-26478-5.
^ Maguire (2020), p. 15
^ Hickey, Raymond (2024-01-05). The Oxford Handbook of Irish English. Oxford University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-19-885615-3.

External links

Category:British English Category:Dialects of English Category:Languages of Ireland Category:Languages of Northern Ireland Category:Ulster

[:0-1] Trudgill, Peter (1984-05-17). Language in the British Isles. CUP Archive. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-0-521-24057-4.

[2] Hickey, Raymond (2002-01-01). A Source Book for Irish English. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-90-272-3753-8.

[3] "IV. The Scots in Ulster". Turnbull Clan. Retrieved 2023-07-06.

[4] "Plantation of Ulster | Discover Ulster-Scots". Discover Ulster-Scots. Retrieved 2023-07-06.

[5] Hickey, Raymond (2012-12-06). Areal Features of the Anglophone World. Walter de Gruyter. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-11-027942-9.

[6] "BBC - History - Wars and Conflicts - Plantation of Ulster - Ulster Scots". BBC. Retrieved 2023-06-18.

[:1-7] Maguire (2020), p. 10

[8] Г, Ніколенко А. Лексикологія англійської мови – теорія і практика. [англ.].: Навчальний посібник для ВНЗ. Нова Книга. pp. 362–363. ISBN 978-966-382-076-7.

[9] Maguire, Warren. "Southwest Tyrone English". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 2023-07-06.

[10] Trudgill, Peter (1984-05-17). Language in the British Isles. CUP Archive. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-521-24057-4.

[11] Hogg, Richard M.; Blake, Norman Francis; Burchfield, Robert; Lass, Roger; Romaine, Suzanne (1992). The Cambridge History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-521-26478-5.

[12] Maguire (2020), p. 15

[13] Hickey, Raymond (2024-01-05). The Oxford Handbook of Irish English. Oxford University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-19-885615-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 The local rural [[Belfast]] and [[Derry]] dialects come from this dialect. The most spoken dialect in the Ulster region, the expansion helped it to get more speakers. Groups like the Mid Ulster English Society were founded to protect and promote the dialect. Warren Maguire, a senior lecturer in the English language, has studied the dialect, specifically his local Southwest [[County Tyrone|Tyrone]] dialect.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maguire |first=Warren |title=Southwest Tyrone English |url=http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~wmaguire/SwTE/SwTEIntro.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref>
 == Phonology ==
-The sounds of Mid-Ulster English are known to sound like a combination of [[Hiberno-English]] and [[Ulster English#Ulster Scots English|Ulster Scots English]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |url= |title=Language in the British Isles |date=1984-05-17 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-24057-4 |pages=129–130 |language=en}}</ref> As such, many features in Mid-Ulster English are combined, having influences from both varieties.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=Richard M. |url= |title=The Cambridge History of the English Language |last2=Blake |first2=Norman Francis |last3=Burchfield |first3=Robert |last4=Lass |first4=Roger |last5=Romaine |first5=Suzanne |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26478-5 |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> Its phonology is a bit different to other English dialects in the isles.<ref>Maguire (2020), p. 15</ref> The symbols below are those of the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA).
+The sounds of Mid-Ulster English are known to sound like a combination of [[Hiberno-English]] and [[Ulster English#Ulster Scots English|Ulster Scots English]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |url= |title=Language in the British Isles |date=1984-05-17 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-24057-4 |pages=129–130 |language=en}}</ref> As such, many features in Mid-Ulster English are combined, having influences from both varieties.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=Richard M. |url= |title=The Cambridge History of the English Language |last2=Blake |first2=Norman Francis |last3=Burchfield |first3=Robert |last4=Lass |first4=Roger |last5=Romaine |first5=Suzanne |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26478-5 |pages=174 |language=en}}</ref> Its phonology is a bit different to other English dialects in the isles.<ref>Maguire (2020), p. 15</ref> The phonology of Mid-Ulster English is shown to have many features from other languages, with various different vowels and other features absent in different varieties of English.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hickey |first=Raymond |url= |title=The Oxford Handbook of Irish English |date=2024-01-05 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-885615-3 |pages=212 |language=en}}</ref> The symbols below are those of the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA).
 === Consonants ===
 *[[Rhoticity in English|Rhoticity]] is present in the Mid-Ulster dialect, like in other Ulster dialects.<ref name=":0" />