The Beast of Exmoor is a cryptozoological cat (see phantom cat) that is reported to roam the fields of Devon and Somerset in the United Kingdom. Although there have been numerous eye witness sightings, many scientists believe it to be purely mythical. It has been blamed for numerous attacks on livestock.

Characteristics

Eyewitness testimony has produced a number of different descriptions. Most accounts report the animal as being a large cat either resembling a puma or a panther. It is recorded as being somewhere between four and eight feet from nose to tail, standing very low to the ground, and as having the ability to leap over 6-foot-tall fences with ease.

Descriptions of its coloration range from black to tan or dark gray.

No such cat is native to England, and the variations in description have lead some cryptozoologists to believe that there might be more than one creature.

First sightings

Sightings of the Beast of Exmoor were first reported in the 1970s, although the period of its notoriety began in 1983, when a South Molton farmer named Eric Ley claimed to have lost over a hundred sheep in the space of three months, all of them apparently killed by violent throat injuries. The Daily Express offered a reward for the capture or slaying of the Beast. Farm animal deaths in the area have been sporadically blamed on the Beast ever since.

Photographic evidence

Photographs have been produced on at least two occasions and both appear to show a big cat with the features of both a puma and a panther. Skeptics point out that such photographs invariably show the animal without any objects in frame that might give an indication of its size, leading to the suspicion that the photographs are of domestic cats. 'Photo 2' is not very clear, and could well be a black dog, many say. With so many digital photography programs available, there is a possibility of deception.

Explanations

Misidentification

Most observers and scientists believe that the sightings are merely of escaped domestic cats whose size has been greatly exaggerated, or else of large dogs that have been misidentified. The livestock deaths have often been attributed to these large dogs, although human attacks on the sheep have also been suspected.

Escaped pets

Although large cats are not native to England, some people have kept exotic animals, and in the mid 1970s this became something of a fad. It is inevitable that some have escaped over the years, and conceivable that they created a small group of big cats living hidden in the Exmoor area's countryside. In particular, the 1976 Dangerous Wild Animals Act, which controlled the keeping of big cats (among other things) led to the mass release of many privately owned wild cats.

Hybrids

Some descriptions of the Beast attribute it the features of both a puma and a leopard. Although these animals have been hybridised by Carl Hagenbeck in captivity, the offspring were always found to be dwarfed and short-lived; one such hybrid is preserved in the Zoological Museum at Tring. The name for such a hybrid is a Pumapard. Because male big cat hybrids are always sterile, a self-perpetuating race of puma-leopard hybrids is not possible. The apparent mix of features is probably due to inexpert witnesses rather than hybrid origin.

Government involvement

In 1988, in response to increased reports of livestock death and sightings of the Beast, the Ministry of Agriculture ordered the Royal Marines to send sharpshooters into the Exmoor hills—although some Marines claimed to have seen the Beast fleetingly, no shots were fired, and the number of attacks on livestock dwindled. Ultimately, the Marines were recalled from the field, after which the attacks on the local sheep allegedly increased. By 1987, the creature was connected to over 200 farm animal deaths. More recent attacks were reported in 1995 and 2001. The Ministry continued to study the reported sightings into the mid-1990s, before concluding that the Beast was either a hoax or myth and that the alleged sightings had been mistaken identifications of creatures native to the Exmoor area.

See also

• Beast of Bodmin
• British big cats
• Phantom cats
• Exmoor
• Maltese tiger

External links

• Entry on the Beast at ukbigcats.co.uk
• http://www.occultopedia.com/e/exmoor.htm
• http://www.angelfire.com/pq/cryptozoologix/exmoorbeast.html
• http://www.ukbigcats.co.uk/beastofexmoor.asp
• http://www.xprojectmagazine.com/archives/cryptozoology/exmrcat.html

Books

• Karl Shuker, Mystery Cats of the World: From Blue Tigers To Exmoor Beasts (Robert Hale, 1989).

Also:

• Joel Levy, A Natural History of the Unnatural World. ISBN 0-312-20703-4.
• Chris Moiser, Mystery Big Cats of Devon and Cornwall and Big Cat Mysteries of Somerset.
• Loren Coleman and Jerome Clark, Cryptozoology A To Z : The Encyclopedia Of Loch Monsters, Sasquatch, Chupacabras and other Authentic M . ISBN 0-684-85602-6.