Khan Bababa (talk | contribs) corrected w.r.t to source // undid reversion. there is no discussion. the user keeps arguments based on ''suppositions'' based on his likings. This is vandalism // Tag: Reverted |
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The '''Bajaur campaign''' refers to an armed conflict between [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] that took place from September 1960 to September 1961 in [[Bajaur District|Bajaur]], Pakistan. The conflict was initiated by [[Afghan Prime Minister]] [[Daoud Khan]], who sent [[Royal Afghan Army]] troops across the border into Bajaur in 1960.<ref name=Cary_Gladstone>{{cite book|last1=Gladstone|first1=Cary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH_KCWVB6W0C&dq=daoud+bajaur+rout&pg=PA111|title=Afghanistan Revisited|publisher=|year=2001|page=|isbn=9781590334218}}</ref> The Afghan army incursion was repulsed by [[Pakistan Army]] and the [[Pashtun]] tribesmen in Pakistan.<ref name=Shaista_Wahab/> |
The '''Bajaur campaign''' refers to an armed conflict between [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] that took place from September 1960 to September 1961 in [[Bajaur District|Bajaur]], Pakistan. The conflict was initiated by [[Afghan Prime Minister]] [[Daoud Khan]], who sent [[Royal Afghan Army]] troops across the porus border into Bajaur in 1960.<ref name=Cary_Gladstone>{{cite book|last1=Gladstone|first1=Cary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH_KCWVB6W0C&dq=daoud+bajaur+rout&pg=PA111|title=Afghanistan Revisited|publisher=|year=2001|page=|isbn=9781590334218}}</ref> The Afghan army incursion was repulsed by [[Pakistan Army]] and the [[Pashtun]] tribesmen in Pakistan.<ref name=Shaista_Wahab/> |
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The battle came to an end after the Afghan forces were [[rout]]ed. Several Afghan troops that were still inside the Pakistani territory, surrendered. As a result of this, [[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations|diplomatic relations between the two nations]] worsened because of the armed conflict. |
The battle came to an end after the Afghan forces were [[rout]]ed. Several Afghan troops that were still inside the Pakistani territory, surrendered. As a result of this, [[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations|diplomatic relations between the two nations]] worsened because of the armed conflict. |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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[[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations|Relations]] between the two states of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] have been strained ever since the latter gained independence from the [[United Kingdom]] following the [[Partition of India|Partition of British India]] in August 1947. Following partition, the [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]] was the only country to vote against the [[Dominion of Pakistan|Dominion of Pakistan's]] admission into the [[United Nations]] as a recognized [[sovereign state]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan|title=Pakistan and Afghanistan|website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> |
[[Afghanistan–Pakistan relations|Relations]] between the two states of [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]] have been strained ever since the latter gained independence from the [[United Kingdom]] following the [[Partition of India|Partition of British India]] in August 1947. Following partition, the [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]] was the only country to vote against the [[Dominion of Pakistan|Dominion of Pakistan's]] admission into the [[United Nations]] as a recognized [[sovereign state]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan|title=Pakistan and Afghanistan|website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> After indepedance of Pakistan, Afghanistan operated agents who operated in north-western Pakistan, distributing large amounts of money, ammunition and even transistor radios in an effort to sway loyalties from locals Pakistanis to Afghanistan. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170203000435/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Article-Gartenstein_Ross-and-Vassefi.pdf</ref> |
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Moreover, Afghanistan did not recognize the [[Durand Line]] that is the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (which Pakistan inherited from [[British Raj|British India]] and which Afghanistan marked itself). Due to these large, illicit territorial claims over the western regions of Pakistan—roughly corresponding with the modern-day Pakistani provinces of [[Balochistan]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]—relations between the two countries soured, and Afghanistan started funding proxies and initiated regular skirmishes with Pakistan along the border.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEErDwAAQBAJ&dq=afghanistan+pakistan+1952&pg=PA47|title=US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan|first=A. Z.|last=Hilali|date=July 5, 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781351876230|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
Moreover, Afghanistan did not recognize the [[Durand Line]] that is the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (which Pakistan inherited from [[British Raj|British India]] and which Afghanistan marked itself). Due to these large, illicit territorial claims over the western regions of Pakistan—roughly corresponding with the modern-day Pakistani provinces of [[Balochistan]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]—relations between the two countries soured, and Afghanistan started funding proxies and initiated regular skirmishes with Pakistan along the border.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEErDwAAQBAJ&dq=afghanistan+pakistan+1952&pg=PA47|title=US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan|first=A. Z.|last=Hilali|date=July 5, 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781351876230|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 23:33, 8 February 2022
| Bajaur incursion | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes | |||||||
 Location of the Bajaur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Afghanistan Supported by  Soviet Union (via diplomatic, alleged equipment provided)[1] |
 Pakistan Local Pashtun Tribesmen[2] | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
1000+ Afghan troops involved in Bajaur (claim by AAC)[3] 70,000 Afghan troops stationed on the border west of Bajaur (claim by Qadir)[4] | Unknown | ||||||
The Bajaur campaign refers to an armed conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan that took place from September 1960 to September 1961 in Bajaur, Pakistan. The conflict was initiated by Afghan Prime Minister Daoud Khan, who sent Royal Afghan Army troops across the porus border into Bajaur in 1960.[5] The Afghan army incursion was repulsed by Pakistan Army and the Pashtun tribesmen in Pakistan.[2]
The battle came to an end after the Afghan forces were routed. Several Afghan troops that were still inside the Pakistani territory, surrendered. As a result of this, diplomatic relations between the two nations worsened because of the armed conflict.
Background
Relations between the two states of Afghanistan and Pakistan have been strained ever since the latter gained independence from the United Kingdom following the Partition of British India in August 1947. Following partition, the Kingdom of Afghanistan was the only country to vote against the Dominion of Pakistan's admission into the United Nations as a recognized sovereign state.[6] After indepedance of Pakistan, Afghanistan operated agents who operated in north-western Pakistan, distributing large amounts of money, ammunition and even transistor radios in an effort to sway loyalties from locals Pakistanis to Afghanistan. [7]
Moreover, Afghanistan did not recognize the Durand Line that is the Pakistan–Afghanistan border (which Pakistan inherited from British India and which Afghanistan marked itself). Due to these large, illicit territorial claims over the western regions of Pakistan—roughly corresponding with the modern-day Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa—relations between the two countries soured, and Afghanistan started funding proxies and initiated regular skirmishes with Pakistan along the border.[8]
By 1948, Afghanistan was providing armaments and funding to proxies inside the Tirah and Razmak regions of northwest Pakistan. In the late 1950s, the Royal Afghan Army heavily shelled the Pakistani village of Dobandi and subsequently crossed the border and occupied a strategically vital railway link in Chaman−Quetta. The incursion prompted a large Pakistani offensive, following which the Pakistan Army retook the pass and pushed Afghan troops back to the border after a week of heavy fighting.[9]
Relations between the two states severely deteriorated in 1951, when Saad Akbar Babrak, an Afghan national, assassinated the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, in Rawalpindi during a public rally. On 30 March 1955, Afghan demonstrators attacked and torched the Pakistani embassy in Kabul and consulates in Kandahar and Jalalabad, following which diplomatic relations were severed by Pakistan.[10] The areas surrounding Bajaur and other parts of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border saw extensive armed border skirmishes between Afghanistan and Pakistan from 1949 to 1971.
Afghan intrusion
Between 1960 and 1961, thousands of Afghan troops disguised as local militias crossed the extremely porous Pakistan–Afghanistan border and entered the semi-autonomous Bajaur Agency of Pakistan in an effort to annex the region. During this time, Afghanistan also deployed thousands of troops with tanks and artillery along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and frequently attacked Pakistani tribesmen and military forces from mountainous posts.[11]
Contrary to Afghan expectations, local tribesmen took up arms in support of Pakistani forces and inflicted heavy casualties on Afghan troops, ultimately pushing them back to the international border. The Pakistan Air Force subsequently crossed the Border and bombed numerous Afghan military posts and encampments inside Afghanistan.[12] Several Afghan troops inside Pakistani territory near the border surrendered, following which they were paraded on Pakistani national media, which became an embarrassment for Afghanistan internationally.[13]
References
- ^ "Jun 1961 - "Pakhtoonistan" Dispute. - Military Operations in Frontier Areas. - Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions" (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ a b Shaista, Wahab; Youngerman, Barry (2007). A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 123. ISBN 9781438108193.
- ^ "Jun 1961 - "Pakhtoonistan" Dispute. - Military Operations in Frontier Areas. - Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions" (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Jun 1961 - "Pakhtoonistan" Dispute. - Military Operations in Frontier Areas. - Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions" (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ Gladstone, Cary (2001). Afghanistan Revisited. ISBN 9781590334218.
- ^ "Pakistan and Afghanistan". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20170203000435/http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Article-Gartenstein_Ross-and-Vassefi.pdf
- ^ Hilali, A. Z. (5 July 2017). US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781351876230 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Breaking the myths of Pakistan ruining Afghanistan | Pakistan Today". www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
- ^ "Pashtunistan". www.globalsecurity.org.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Jun 1961 - "Pakhtoonistan" Dispute. - Military Operations in Frontier Areas. - Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions" (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ Tomsen, Peter (2013). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflict and the Failure of Great Powers. Hachette UK