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* [[Bibliography of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
* [[Bibliography of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]


==References==
== References ==
===Citations===
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Revision as of 03:11, 22 October 2022

Hakim al-Ummat, Mujaddid e Millet
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
اشرف علی تھانوی
Personal details
Born
Abd al-Ghani

(1863-09-19)19 September 1863
Thana Bhawan, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, British India
Died20 July 1943(1943-07-20) (aged 79)
Parent
  • Abdul Haq (father)
Alma materDarul Uloom Deoband
Personal
NationalityBritish Indian
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi[1]
MovementDeobandi
Main interest(s)Sufism, Moral Philosophy, Islamic revival, Tafsir, Fiqh, Hadith, Prophetic biography
Notable work(s)Majlis-e Dawatul Haq
Senior posting
Disciple ofImdadullah Muhajir Makki
Influenced
Literary works
Websiteashrafiya.com

Ashraf Ali Thanwi (19 September 1863 – 20 July 1943) often referred as Hakim al-Ummat[a][2] and Mujaddid e Millet[b][3], a late-nineteenth and twentieth-century Sunni scholar, thinker, reformist and the revival of classical sufi thought from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj,[4][5] one of the chief proponent of Pakistan Movement.[2] He was a central figure of Islamic spiritual, intellectual and religious life in South Asia and continues to be highly influential today.[2] As a prolific author, he completed over a thousand works including Bayan Ul Quran and Bahishti Zewar.[2] He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved to Kanpur, then Thana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, where he resided until the end of his life.[2] His training in Quran, Hadith, Fiqh studies qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars of Deoband.[6] His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy, Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society.[6] He offers a sketch of a Muslim community that is collective, patriarchal, hierarchical and compassion-based.[6]

Early life

Opposition by Barelvis

In 1906, Ahmad Raza Khan and other scholars issued a fatwa against Thanwi and other Deobandi leaders entitled Husamul Haramain (Urdu: Sword of The two Holy Mosques), calling them unbelievers and Satanists.[7][8][9]

Deobandi elders, including those accused in the fatwa, prepared a reply to questions sent to them by the scholars of Hijaz to clarify the matter in Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri's al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad (transl. "The Sword on the Disproved"), which was written in Arabic and signed by all Deobandi scholars including Thanvi.[10][11][12] His disciple Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri also wrote articles and leaflets in defence of Thanwi.[13]

Teachings

Thanwi stressed adopting the complete way of Islam to attain salvation. He shunned Sufis who emphasised voluntary worshiping but neglected other important commandments of Islam, including fair dealings and fulfilling the rights of others.[14]

At times, he would caution and stress towards matter that are generally thought to be not related to Islam and spirituality but he would explain the forgotten and ignored link. For example, once he encouraged the son of his close disciple, Mufti Muhammad Shafi, to improve his handwriting so that others may read it with ease, and thereafter remarked that he was nurturing him to become a "Sufi".[15]

Political ideology

Thanwi was a strong supporter of the Muslim League.[16] He maintained a correspondence with the leadership of All India Muslim League (AIML), including Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He also sent groups of Muslim scholars to give religious advice and reminders to Jinnah.[17][18]

During the 1940s, many Deobandi ulama supported the Congress but Ashraf Ali Thanvi and some other leading Deobandi scholars including Muhammad Shafi and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani were in favour of the Muslim League.[19][20] Thanwi resigned from Deoband's management committee due to its pro-Congress stance.[21]

His support and the support of his disciples for Pakistan Movement were greatly appreciated by AIML.[17][18]

Death and legacy

His edicts and religious teachings have been deemed authoritative even by many of his opponents. Muhammad Iqbal once wrote to a friend of his that on the matter of Rumi's teachings, he held Thanwi as the greatest living authority.[22]

Work

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Spiritual physician of the Muslim Ummah.
  2. ^ Reform of the Nation

Citations

  1. ^ Bruckmayr, Philipp (2020). "Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām". Die Welt des Islams. 60 (2–3). Brill: 293–324. doi:10.1163/15700607-06023P06.
  2. ^ a b c d e Naeem, Fuad (2009), "Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī", The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5
  3. ^ Naz 2021, p. 8.
  4. ^ Esposito, John L. (2003), "Thanawi, Ashraf Ali", The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0
  5. ^ Faruque, Muhammad U. (2021). "Eternity Made Temporal: Ashraf ʿAlī Thānavī, a Twentieth-Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought". Journal of Sufi Studies. 9 (2): 215–246. doi:10.1163/22105956-bja10009. ISSN 2210-5948.
  6. ^ a b c Belhaj, Abdessamad (2014), "Thānvī, Ashraf ʿAlī", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science and Technology in Islam, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-981257-8
  7. ^ 'Arabic Fatwa against Deobandis' Sufi Manzil website, Published 3 May 2010, Retrieved 11 August 2020
  8. ^ Fatawa Hussam-ul-Hermayn by Khan, Ahmad Raza Qadri
  9. ^ As-samare-ul-Hindiya by Khan, Hashmat Ali
  10. ^ "Al-Muhannad ala 'l-Mufannad | daruliftaa.com". www.daruliftaa.com. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  11. ^ Al Muhannad 'ala Al Mufannad Urdu.
  12. ^ "Al Muhannad 'ala Al Mufannad English". archive.org. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  13. ^ Mawlānā Ashraf Ali Thanwi. Hifz al-Iman. Dar al-Kitab, Deoband. p. 19.
  14. ^ 'abd (18 September 2019). "The essential instructions for mureed". ASHRAFIYA. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  15. ^ Talhah, Sayyid (5 August 2018). "Handwriting and Spirituality". Pearls for Tazkiyah. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  16. ^ "'What's wrong with Pakistan?'". Dawn. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  17. ^ a b Khan, Munshi Abdur Rahman. Tehreek e Pakistan aur Ulama e Rabbani. Karachi, Pakistan.
  18. ^ a b Saeed, Professor Ahmad. Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi aur Tehreek e Azadi. Lahore, Pakistan.
  19. ^ Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David (6 December 2012). Islam Outside the Arab World. Routledge. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-136-11322-2.
  20. ^ Jetly, Rajshree (27 April 2012). Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics. Taylor & Francis. pp. 156–. ISBN 978-1-136-51696-2.
  21. ^ Robinson, Francis (2000). "Islam and Muslim separatism.". In Hutchinson, John (ed.). Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. Anthony D. Smith. Taylor & Francis. pp. 929–930. ISBN 978-0-415-20112-4.
  22. ^ Maqalat-e-Iqbal; Compiled by Syed Abdul Wahid Mueeni

Further reading

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi&diff=prev&oldid=1117509584

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