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{{Short description|Bavarian architect and archaeologist (1790–1840)}} |
{{Short description|Bavarian architect and archaeologist (1790–1840)}} |
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'''Adolf Weissenberg''' |
'''Adolf Weissenberg'''{{efn|Sources variously give Weissenberg's first name as ''Adolf'' or ''Anton'',{{sfn|Petrakos|2007|p=19}} and his last name as ''Weissenberg'', ''Weissenburg''{{sfn|Petrakos|2011|p=57}} or ''Weissenborn''.{{sfn|Haugsted|1996|p=89}}}} (1790–1840) was a [[Bavarians|Bavarian]] [[architect]] and archaeologist. He was appointed by [[Otto of Greece]] as [[Ephor (archaeology)|ephor]] of antiquities, overseeing all archaeology and archaeological sites in [[Greece]], in 1833, but forced to resign in September 1834. |
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== Career == |
== Career == |
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In 1833, |
Weissenberg was born in 1790. From 1822, he lived in Rome.{{sfn|Haugsted|1996|p=89}} In June 1833, he was appointed as "Ephor of Antiquities" ({{lang-el|Ἔφορος τῶν ἀρχαιοτήτων|eforos ton archaiotiton}}){{sfn|Petrakos|2011|p=57}} with responsibility for "the conservation, discovery and collection of the archaeological treasures of the [[Kingdom of Greece|kingdom]]".{{sfn|Tomlinson|2013|p=71}} Three others were appointed with the title of 'sub-ephor' ({{lang-el|ὑποέφορος|hupoeforos}}): [[Kyriakos Pittakis]], for [[Central Greece|central and northern Greece]]; [[Ludwig Ross]], for the [[Peloponnese]], and {{ill|Ioannis Kokkonis|el|Ιωάννης Κοκκώνης}} for the [[Aegean Islands]].{{sfn|Petrakos|2011|p=57}} |
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On 1 February |
On {{OldStyleDate|13 February|1834|1 February}},{{efn|Greece adopted the [[Gregorian calendar]] in 1923; {{OldStyleDateNY|28 February|15 February}} was followed by 1 March.{{sfn|Kiminas|2009|p=23}} In this article, this date and all subsequent dates are given in the 'New Style' Gregorian calendar, while dates before it are given in the 'Old Style' [[Julian calendar]].}} Weissenberg was appointed to lead the [[Greek Archaeological Service]],{{sfn|Petrakos|2007|p=19}} which had notionally been established by Governor [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] in 1829 but lacked a formal administrative structure until then.{{sfn|Tomlinson|2013|p=71}} Weissenberg's short tenure saw the passage of the Archaeological Law of 10/22 May 1834, which named all antiquities in Greece as the "national property of all the Greeks",{{sfn|Petrakos|2011|pp=57–58}} asserted the ownership of the state over all archaeological sites not already on private land and created the core administrative structure of the Archaeological Service.{{sfn|Petrakos|2011|pp=57–58}} Weissenberg drafted the law alongside the [[Regency council of Otto of Greece|regent]] [[Georg Ludwig von Maurer]].{{sfn|Petrakos|2022|p=1}} |
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Weissenberg was accused by Ross of lacking interest in antiquities, and had also attracted the enmity of [[Josef Ludwig von Armansperg]], head of the regency council, by trying to organise opposition to his government alongside von Maurer. Both Weissenberg and von Maurer were sacked (along with Kokkonis) in September 1834 and recalled to Bavaria.{{sfn|Petrakos|1998|p=77}} In Weissenberg's stead, Ross was named as Ephor General of Antiquities, with Pittakis and [[Athanasios Iatridis]] as his assistants. Weissenberg died in 1840.{{sfn|Haugsted|1996|p=89}} |
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==Footnotes== |
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===Explanatory notes=== |
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{{notelist}} |
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=== References === |
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* {{cite book| last=Haugsted| first=Ida| year=1996| title=Dream and Reality: Danish Antiquaries, Architects and Artists in Greece| publisher=Archetype Publications| place=London| isbn=978-1-873132-75-3}} |
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* {{cite book| last=Kiminas| first=Demetrius| year=2009| title=The Ecumenical Patriarchate| publisher=The Borgo Press| place=San Bernardino| isbn=978-1-4344-5876-6}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite journal|last=Petrakos|first=Vasileios|year=1998|script-title=el:Η ελληνική αντίληψη για τα μνημεία από τον Κυριακό Σ. Πιττάκη έως σήμερα|trans-title=The Greek Attitude Towards Monuments from Kyriakos S. Pittakis to Today| journal=[[Archaeological Society of Athens|Mentor]]|volume=47|pages=65–112}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book|last=Petrakos|first=Vasileios|year=2011|script-title=el:Η εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία: Οι Αρχαιολόγοι και οι Ανασκαφές 1837–2011 (Κατάλογος Εκθέσεως)|trans-title=The Archaeological Society of Athens: The Archaeologists and the Excavations 1837–2011 (Exhibition Catalogue| publisher=Archaeological Society of Athens| place=Athens| isbn=978-960-8145-86-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Petrakos|first=Vasileios|year=2022|script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Α. Σταματάκης: βίος και έργο| trans-title=Panagiotis A. Stamatakis: Life and Work| lang=el| publisher=Archaeological Society of Athens| place=Athens| series=Library of the Archaeological Society of Athens| volume=343}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Archaeologists from Bavaria]] |
[[Category:Archaeologists from Bavaria]] |
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[[Category:Archaeology of Greece]] |
[[Category:Archaeology of Greece]] |
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[[Category:History of Greece (1832–1862)]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:16, 10 November 2023
Adolf Weissenberg[a] (1790–1840) was a Bavarian architect and archaeologist. He was appointed by Otto of Greece as ephor of antiquities, overseeing all archaeology and archaeological sites in Greece, in 1833, but forced to resign in September 1834.
Career[edit]
Weissenberg was born in 1790. From 1822, he lived in Rome.[3] In June 1833, he was appointed as "Ephor of Antiquities" (Greek: Ἔφορος τῶν ἀρχαιοτήτων, romanized: eforos ton archaiotiton)[2] with responsibility for "the conservation, discovery and collection of the archaeological treasures of the kingdom".[4] Three others were appointed with the title of 'sub-ephor' (Greek: ὑποέφορος, romanized: hupoeforos): Kyriakos Pittakis, for central and northern Greece; Ludwig Ross, for the Peloponnese, and Ioannis Kokkonis for the Aegean Islands.[2]
On 13 February [O.S. 1 February] 1834,[b] Weissenberg was appointed to lead the Greek Archaeological Service,[1] which had notionally been established by Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias in 1829 but lacked a formal administrative structure until then.[4] Weissenberg's short tenure saw the passage of the Archaeological Law of 10/22 May 1834, which named all antiquities in Greece as the "national property of all the Greeks",[6] asserted the ownership of the state over all archaeological sites not already on private land and created the core administrative structure of the Archaeological Service.[6] Weissenberg drafted the law alongside the regent Georg Ludwig von Maurer.[7]
Weissenberg was accused by Ross of lacking interest in antiquities, and had also attracted the enmity of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, head of the regency council, by trying to organise opposition to his government alongside von Maurer. Both Weissenberg and von Maurer were sacked (along with Kokkonis) in September 1834 and recalled to Bavaria.[8] In Weissenberg's stead, Ross was named as Ephor General of Antiquities, with Pittakis and Athanasios Iatridis as his assistants. Weissenberg died in 1840.[3]
Footnotes[edit]
Explanatory notes[edit]
- ^ Sources variously give Weissenberg's first name as Adolf or Anton,[1] and his last name as Weissenberg, Weissenburg[2] or Weissenborn.[3]
- ^ Greece adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1923; 28 February [O.S. 15 February] was followed by 1 March.[5] In this article, this date and all subsequent dates are given in the 'New Style' Gregorian calendar, while dates before it are given in the 'Old Style' Julian calendar.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Petrakos 2007, p. 19.
- ^ a b c Petrakos 2011, p. 57.
- ^ a b c Haugsted 1996, p. 89.
- ^ a b Tomlinson 2013, p. 71.
- ^ Kiminas 2009, p. 23.
- ^ a b Petrakos 2011, pp. 57–58.
- ^ Petrakos 2022, p. 1.
- ^ Petrakos 1998, p. 77.
Bibliography[edit]
- Haugsted, Ida (1996). Dream and Reality: Danish Antiquaries, Architects and Artists in Greece. London: Archetype Publications. ISBN 978-1-873132-75-3.
- Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. San Bernardino: The Borgo Press. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
- Petrakos, Vasileios (1998). Η ελληνική αντίληψη για τα μνημεία από τον Κυριακό Σ. Πιττάκη έως σήμερα [The Greek Attitude Towards Monuments from Kyriakos S. Pittakis to Today]. Mentor. 47: 65–112.
- Petrakos, Vasileios (2007). "The Stages of Greek Archaeology". In Valavanis, Panos (ed.). Great Moments in Greek Archaeology. Athens: Kapon Press. pp. 16–35. ISBN 978-0-89236-910-2.
- Petrakos, Vasileios (2011). Η εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία: Οι Αρχαιολόγοι και οι Ανασκαφές 1837–2011 (Κατάλογος Εκθέσεως) [The Archaeological Society of Athens: The Archaeologists and the Excavations 1837–2011 (Exhibition Catalogue]. Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens. ISBN 978-960-8145-86-3.
- Petrakos, Vasileios (2022). Παναγιώτης Α. Σταματάκης: βίος και έργο [Panagiotis A. Stamatakis: Life and Work]. Library of the Archaeological Society of Athens (in Greek). Vol. 343. Athens: Archaeological Society of Athens.
- Tomlinson, Richard Allan (2013). "Archaeology". In Wilson, Nigel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 71–73. ISBN 978-1-135-94206-9.