THC Science

Adem Jashari
Adem Jashari
	A photograph of Adem Jashari
Born	28 November 1955; Prekaz, Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, SFR Yugoslavia
Died	7 March 1998 (aged 42); Prekaz, Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Allegiance	Kosovo Liberation Army
Years of service	1991–98
Rank	Commander
Commands held	Kosovo Liberation Army
Battles/wars	Kosovo War: Attack on Prekaz †;
Awards	Hero of Kosovo

Adem Jashari^[a] (born Adem Shaban Jashari; 28 November 1955 – 7 March 1998) was one of the founders of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a Kosovo Albanian separatist organization which fought for the secession of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1990s.

Beginning in 1991, Jashari participated in attacks against the Serbian police before travelling to Albania to receive military training. Arrested in 1993, he was released at the behest of the Albanian Army and later returned to Kosovo, where he continued launching attacks against the Serbian establishment. In July 1997, he was convicted of terrorism in absentia by a Yugoslav court. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture or kill him, Serbian forces launched an attack against Jashari's home in Prekaz in March 1998. The battle that followed resulted in the deaths of 58 members of Jashari's family, including that of Jashari and his wife and son.

Seen as the "father of the KLA", Jashari is considered a symbol of Kosovan independence by ethnic Albanians. He was posthumously awarded with the title "Hero of Kosovo" following the disputed territory's^[b] declaration of independence in 2008. The National Theatre in Pristina and Pristina International Airport have been named after him.

Biography

Early life

Adem Shaban Jashari^[1] was born in the village of Prekaz, in the Drenica region of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, on 28 November 1955.^[2] Descended from Kosovo Albanian guerrillas who had fought Serb forces decades prior,^[3] he was raised on Albanian war stories and was rarely seen without a gun.^[2]

Guerrilla activities

Drenica is a hilly region in central Kosovo inhabited almost exclusively by Kosovo Albanians. Prior to the Kosovo War, the government of Yugoslavia considered it "the hotbed of Albanian terrorism."^[4] Jashari was an illiterate^[5] farmer.^[6] He participated in an armed uprising against Serb rule which had erupted in the region in 1991.^[7] During this period, an Albanian irredentist organization that came to be known as the Kosovo Liberation Army first emerged.^[6]

From 1991 to 1992, Jashari and about 100 other ethnic Albanians wishing to fight for the independence of Kosovo underwent military training in the municipality of Labinot-Mal in Albania.^[8] Afterwards, Jashari and other ethnic Albanians committed several acts of sabotage aimed at the Serbian administrative apparatus in Kosovo. Attempting to capture or kill him, Serbian police surrounded Jashari and his older brother, Hamëz, at their home in Prekaz on 30 December 1991. In the ensuing siege, large numbers of Kosovo Albanians flocked to Prekaz, forcing the Serbs to withdraw from the village.^[2]

While in Albania, he was arrested in 1993 by the government of Sali Berisha and sent to jail in Tirana^[9] before being released alongside other Kosovo Albanian militants at the demand of the Albanian Army.^[10] With Serb forces now considering Prekaz a "no-go" area, Jashari launched several attacks over the next several years. These targeted the Yugoslav Army (VJ) and Serbian police in Kosovo.^[2] Jashari was convicted of terrorism in absentia by a Yugoslav court on 11 July 1997. Human Rights Watch subsequently described the trial, in which fourteen other Kosovo Albanians were also convicted, as "[failing] to conform to international standards."^[11] Pursuing Jashari for the murder of a Serb policeman, Serb forces again attempted to assault the Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998.^[1] With Jashari not present, thousands of Kosovo Albanians descended on Prekaz and again succeeded in pushing the Serbs out of the village and its surroundings. The next month, a small unit of the KLA ambushed Serbian policemen. Four Serbs were killed and two were injured in the ensuing clashes. At dawn on 5 March 1998, the KLA launched an attack against a police patrol in Prekaz.^[2]

Death

In response to this attack, the Serbs organized a "full-scale revenge mission" involving tanks, APCs and helicopters.^[12] They were backed up by artillery from a nearby ammunition factory.^[13] With the intention of "eliminating the suspects and their families,"^[11] the police attacked villages that had been identified as KLA strongholds, including Likošane and Ćirez. Human Rights Watch noted that "special police forces attacked without warning, firing indiscriminately at women, children and other noncombatants." KLA members and their families subsequently fled to Jashari's compound. Here, the police invited Jashari to surrender, giving him a deadline of two hours in which to respond. During this period, a number of families left the compound.^[14] Jashari remained, ordering his family members to stay inside and telling his militants to resist to the last man.^[15]

Once the two-hour deadline had expired, the two sides began exchanging gunfire. In one of the houses, where most of Jashari's extended family had gathered, a mortar shell fell in through the roof, causing many deaths. After a two^[14] or three-day siege, the police captured the Jashari compound.^[16] Once inside, they discovered that Jashari and his brother Hamëz had been killed.^[14] Also killed were Jashari's wife, Adilje, and his thirteen-year-old son, Kushtrim.^[17] Overall, approximately fifty-eight Kosovo Albanians were killed in the attack, including eighteen women and ten children under the age of sixteen.^[18]^[19] Goran Radosavljević, a major in the Serbian Interior Ministry, said that "[Jashari] used women, children and the elderly as hostages."^[20] Speaking of the attack, Yugoslav General Nebojša Pavković stated that it was "a normal policing action against a well-known criminal. It was successful. The other details I don't remember."^[21]

Aftermath

The deaths of Jashari and his family resulted in an international backlash against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.^[22] As news of the killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to avenge Jashari's death as Albanians flocked to join the KLA.^[23]

Soon after the attack against Prekaz, 46 bodies were taken to a hospital morgue in Pristina on 7 March before being returned to Srbica the next day. There, they were placed inside a warehouse located on the outskirts of town. Photographs taken during this time revealed that Jashari had received a bullet wound to the neck. On 9 March, the police publicly stated that they would themselves bury the bodies of those killed if they were not quickly claimed and buried by family members. The next day, the police dug a large grave near Donji Prekaz and buried the bodies of fifty-six people, ten of whom could not be identified. On 11 March, the bodies were disinterred by relatives and reburied in accordance with Islamic tradition^[24] on a field known as the "field of peace".^[25]

Legacy

Dubbed the "Legendary Commander" (Albanian: Komandanti Legjendar) by Albanians,^[26] Jashari is regarded by many in Kosovo as being the "father of the KLA". Portraits of him carrying an automatic weapon often adorn the walls of homes inhabited by ethnic Albanians.^[27] Considered a symbol of independence by Kosovo Albanians, the anniversary of Jashari's death is annually commemorated in Kosovo^[14] and his home has since been transformed into a shrine. The field where he and his family were buried has since become a place of pilgrimage for Kosovo Albanians, and several authors have equated Jashari with Albanian national hero George Kastrioti Skanderbeg^[28] as well as Albanian kaçak rebels from the past.^[13] Following Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, Jashari was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Kosovo" for his role in the Kosovo War.^[14] The football stadium in Kosovska Mitrovica,^[29] the National Theatre in Pristina^[26] and Pristina International Airport have also been named after him.^[30]

Footnotes

^ Albanian: Adem Jashari; Serbo-Croatian: Adem Jašari, Адем Јашари

b.	^ Template:Kosovo-note

Notes

^ ^a ^b Elsie 2011, p. 142.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bartrop 2012, p. 142.
^ O'Neill 2002, p. 23.
^ Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 18.
^ Philips 2012, p. 83.
^ ^a ^b Watson 2009, p. 193.
^ Elsie 2011, p. 32.
^ Judah 2002, p. 111.
^ Pettifer & Vickers 2007, p. 113.
^ Pettifer & Vickers 2007, pp. 98–99.
^ ^a ^b Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 27.
^ Bartrop 2012, pp. 142–143.
^ ^a ^b Pettifer 2005, p. 144.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bartrop 2012, p. 143.
^ Henriksen 2005, p. 127.
^ Judah 2008, p. 81.
^ Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 29.
^ Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 28.
^ Judah 2002, p. 140.
^ Henriksen 2005, p. 128.
^ BBC & 12 March 2000.
^ Carmichael 2012, p. 558.
^ Petersen 2011, p. 154.
^ Human Rights Watch 1998, pp. 30–31.
^ Judah 2008, p. 28.
^ ^a ^b Luci & Marković 2009, p. 96.
^ Perritt 2010, p. 36.
^ Judah 2008, p. 27.
^ BBC & 5 March 2014.
^ Elsie 2012, p. 222.

References

Books

Bartrop, Paul (2012). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-38679-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Carmichael, Cathie (2012). "Demise of Communist Yugoslavia". In Stone, Dane (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Postwar European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956098-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Elsie, Robert (2011). Historical Dictionary of Kosovo. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7483-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Henriksen, Dag (2007). NATO's Gamble: Combining Diplomacy and Airpower in the Kosovo Crisis, 1998–1999. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-358-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Human Rights Watch (1998). Humanitarian Law Violations in Kosovo. New York: Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-194-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Judah, Tim (2002). Kosovo: War and Revenge. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09725-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Judah, Tim (2008). Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974103-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Luci, Nita; Marković, Predrag (2009). "Events and Sites of Difference: Marking Self and Other in Kosovo". In Kolstø, Pål (ed.). Media Discourse and the Yugoslav Conflicts: Representations of Self and Other. Farnham, England: Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-4094-9164-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
O'Neill, William G. (2002). Kosovo: An Unfinished Peace. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58826-021-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Perritt, Henry H. (2010). The Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11624-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Petersen, Roger D. (2011). Western Intervention in the Balkans: The Strategic Use of Emotion in Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50330-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Pettifer, James (2005). Kosova Express: A Journey in Wartime. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-20444-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Pettifer, James; Vickers, Miranda (2007). The Albanian Question: Reshaping the Balkans. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-974-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Philips, David L. (2012). Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Diplomacy and U.S. Intervention. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-30512-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Watson, Paul (2009). Where War Lives. Toronto: McCleland & Stewart. ISBN 978-1-55199-284-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Websites

"Behind the Kosovo crisis". BBC. 12 March 2000.
"Kosovo footballers draw with Haiti in Mitrovica debut". BBC. 5 March 2014.

[1] Albanian: Adem Jashari; Serbo-Croatian: Adem Jašari, Адем Јашари

[FOOTNOTEElsie2011142-2] Elsie 2011, p. 142.

[FOOTNOTEBartrop2012142-3] Bartrop 2012, p. 142.

[FOOTNOTEO'Neill200223-4] O'Neill 2002, p. 23.

[FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch199818-5] Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEPhilips201283-6] Philips 2012, p. 83.

[FOOTNOTEWatson2009193-7] Watson 2009, p. 193.

[FOOTNOTEElsie201132-8] Elsie 2011, p. 32.

[FOOTNOTEJudah2002111-9] Judah 2002, p. 111.

[FOOTNOTEPettiferVickers2007113-10] Pettifer & Vickers 2007, p. 113.

[FOOTNOTEPettiferVickers200798–99-11] Pettifer & Vickers 2007, pp. 98–99.

[FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch199827-12] Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 27.

[FOOTNOTEBartrop2012142–143-13] Bartrop 2012, pp. 142–143.

[FOOTNOTEPettifer2005144-14] Pettifer 2005, p. 144.

[FOOTNOTEBartrop2012143-15] Bartrop 2012, p. 143.

[FOOTNOTEHenriksen2005127-16] Henriksen 2005, p. 127.

[FOOTNOTEJudah200881-17] Judah 2008, p. 81.

[FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch199829-18] Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch199828-19] Human Rights Watch 1998, p. 28.

[FOOTNOTEJudah2002140-20] Judah 2002, p. 140.

[FOOTNOTEHenriksen2005128-21] Henriksen 2005, p. 128.

[FOOTNOTEBBC12_March_2000-22] BBC & 12 March 2000.

[FOOTNOTECarmichael2012558-23] Carmichael 2012, p. 558.

[FOOTNOTEPetersen2011154-24] Petersen 2011, p. 154.

[FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch199830–31-25] Human Rights Watch 1998, pp. 30–31.

[FOOTNOTEJudah200828-26] Judah 2008, p. 28.

[FOOTNOTELuciMarković200996-27] Luci & Marković 2009, p. 96.

[FOOTNOTEPerritt201036-28] Perritt 2010, p. 36.

[FOOTNOTEJudah200827-29] Judah 2008, p. 27.

[FOOTNOTEBBC5_March_2014-30] BBC & 5 March 2014.

[FOOTNOTEElsie2012222-31] Elsie 2012, p. 222.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{good article}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
 {{Infobox military person
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 |birth_date={{Birth date|1955|11|28|df=yes}}
 |death_date={{Death date and age|1998|3|7|1955|11|28|df=yes}}
-|birth_place=[[Prekaz]], [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]], current day Kosovo
+|birth_place=[[Prekaz]], [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]]
 |death_place=[[Prekaz]], [[Kosovo]], [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]
 |image= Adem Jashari Memorial in Prekaz January 2013 09.jpg
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 |currentlyresides=
 }}
-'''Adem Jashari'''{{efn|{{lang-al|Adem Jashari}}; {{lang-sh|Adem Jašari, Адем Јашари}}}} (born '''Adem Shaban Jashari'''; 28 November 1955&nbsp;– 7 March 1998) was one of the founders of the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA), a [[Albanians in Kosovo|Kosovo Albanian]] guerrilla organization which fought for the independence of [[Kosovo]] from [[Serbia]] during the 1990s.
+'''Adem Jashari'''{{efn|{{lang-al|Adem Jashari}}; {{lang-sh|Adem Jašari, Адем Јашари}}}} (born '''Adem Shaban Jashari'''; 28 November 1955&nbsp;– 7 March 1998) was one of the founders of the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA), a [[Albanians in Kosovo|Kosovo Albanian]] separatist organization which fought for the secession of [[Kosovo]] from the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] during the 1990s.
+Beginning in 1991, Jashari participated in attacks against the Serbian police before travelling to [[Albania]] to receive military training. Arrested in 1993, he was released at the behest of the [[Albanian Army]] and later returned to Kosovo, where he continued launching attacks against the Serbian establishment. In July 1997, he was convicted of [[terrorism]] ''[[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' by a Yugoslav court. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture or kill him, Serbian forces launched [[Attack on Prekaz|an attack]] against Jashari's home in Prekaz in March 1998. The battle that followed resulted in the deaths of 58 members of Jashari's family, including that of Jashari and his wife and son.
-Beginning in 1991, Jashari participated in attacks against the Serb police before travelling to [[Albania]] to
-receive military training. Arrested in 1993, he was released at the behest of the [[Albanian Army]] and later returned to Kosovo, where he continued launching attacks against the Serb forces. In July 1997, he was convicted of [[terrorism]] ''[[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' by a Serb court. After several unsuccessful attempts to capture or kill him, Serb forces launched [[Attack on Prekaz|an attack]] against Jashari's home in Prekaz in March 1998. The 3-day battle that ensued resulted in the deaths of 58 members of Jashari's family, including that of Jashari Jashari, his brother Hamëz, 18 women, and 10 children under the age of 16.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}} Jashari died singing to keep up the spirits of family members.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Colvin|first1=Marie|title=The Massacre at Prekaz|url=http://www.bosnia.org.uk/news/news_body.cfm?newsid=2842|website=Bosnian Institute|accessdate=5 March 2016}}</ref>
-Seen as the "father of the KLA", Jashari is considered a symbol of Kosovan independence by the majority Albanian population of Kosovo. He was posthumously awarded with the title "Hero of Kosovo" following the [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declaration of independence]] in 2008. The [[List of national theatres|National Theatre]] in Pristina and [[Pristina International Airport]] have been named after him.
+Seen as the "father of the KLA", Jashari is considered a symbol of Kosovan independence by ethnic Albanians. He was posthumously awarded with the title "Hero of Kosovo" following the disputed territory's{{ref label|status|b|}} [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declaration of independence]] in 2008. The [[List of national theatres|National Theatre]] in Pristina and [[Pristina International Airport]] have been named after him.
 ==Biography==
 ===Early life===
-Adem Shaban Jashari{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=142}} was born in the village of [[Prekaz]], in the [[Drenica]] region of the of the present day Kosovo, on 28 November 1955.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}} Descended from [[Kosovo Albanian]] [[guerrilla]]s who had fought Serb forces decades prior,{{sfn|O'Neill|2002|p=23}} he was raised on Albanian war stories and was rarely seen without a gun.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
+Adem Shaban Jashari{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=142}} was born in the village of [[Prekaz]], in the [[Drenica]] region of the [[Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo]], on 28 November 1955.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}} Descended from [[Kosovo Albanian]] [[guerrilla]]s who had fought Serb forces decades prior,{{sfn|O'Neill|2002|p=23}} he was raised on Albanian war stories and was rarely seen without a gun.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
 ===Guerrilla activities===
 {{see also|Insurgency in Kosovo (1992–98)}}
-Drenica is a hilly region in central Kosovo inhabited almost exclusively by Kosovo Albanians. Prior to the [[Kosovo War]], the government considered it "the hotbed of Albanian terrorism."{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=18}} He participated in an armed uprising against Serb rule which had erupted in the region in 1991.{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=32}} During this period, an Albanian [[irredentist]] organization that came to be known as the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] first emerged.{{sfn|Watson|2009|p=193}}{{Verify source|date=March 2016}}
+Drenica is a hilly region in central Kosovo inhabited almost exclusively by Kosovo Albanians. Prior to the [[Kosovo War]], the government of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] considered it "the hotbed of Albanian terrorism."{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=18}} Jashari was an illiterate{{sfn|Philips|2012|p=83}} farmer.{{sfn|Watson|2009|p=193}} He participated in an armed uprising against Serb rule which had erupted in the region in 1991.{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=32}} During this period, an Albanian [[irredentist]] organization that came to be known as the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] first emerged.{{sfn|Watson|2009|p=193}}
-From 1991 to 1992, Jashari and about 100 other ethnic Albanians wishing to fight for the independence of Kosovo underwent military training in the municipality of [[Labinot-Mal]] in [[Albania]].{{sfn|Judah|2002|p=111}} Afterwards, Jashari and other ethnic Albanians committed several acts of [[sabotage]] aimed at the Serb administrative apparatus in Kosovo. Attempting to capture or kill him, Serb police surrounded Jashari and his older brother, Hamëz, at their home in Prekaz on 30 December 1991. In the ensuing siege, large numbers of Kosovo Albanians flocked to Prekaz, forcing the Serbs to withdraw from the village.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
+From 1991 to 1992, Jashari and about 100 other ethnic Albanians wishing to fight for the independence of Kosovo underwent military training in the municipality of [[Labinot-Mal]] in [[Albania]].{{sfn|Judah|2002|p=111}} Afterwards, Jashari and other ethnic Albanians committed several acts of [[sabotage]] aimed at the Serbian administrative apparatus in Kosovo. Attempting to capture or kill him, Serbian police surrounded Jashari and his older brother, Hamëz, at their home in Prekaz on 30 December 1991. In the ensuing siege, large numbers of Kosovo Albanians flocked to Prekaz, forcing the Serbs to withdraw from the village.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
-While in Albania, he was arrested in 1993 by the government of [[Sali Berisha]] and sent to jail in [[Tirana]]{{sfn|Pettifer|Vickers|2007|p=113}} before being released alongside other Kosovo Albanian militants at the demand of the [[Albanian Army]].{{sfn|Pettifer|Vickers|2007|pp=98–99}} With Serb forces now considering Prekaz a "no-go" area, Jashari launched several attacks over the next several years. These targeted Serb police in Kosovo.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}} Jashari was convicted of [[terrorism]] ''[[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' by a Serb court on 11 July 1997. [[Human Rights Watch]] subsequently described the trial, in which fourteen other Kosovo Albanians were also convicted, as "[failing] to conform to international standards."{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=27}} Pursuing Jashari for the murder of a Serb policeman, Serb forces again attempted to assault the Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998.{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=142}} With Jashari not present, thousands of Kosovo Albanians descended on Prekaz and again succeeded in pushing the Serbs out of the village and its surroundings. The next month, a small unit of the KLA ambushed Serb policemen. Four Serbs were killed and two were injured in the ensuing clashes. At dawn on 5 March 1998, the KLA launched an attack against a police patrol in Prekaz.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
+While in Albania, he was arrested in 1993 by the government of [[Sali Berisha]] and sent to jail in [[Tirana]]{{sfn|Pettifer|Vickers|2007|p=113}} before being released alongside other Kosovo Albanian militants at the demand of the [[Albanian Army]].{{sfn|Pettifer|Vickers|2007|pp=98–99}} With Serb forces now considering Prekaz a "no-go" area, Jashari launched several attacks over the next several years. These targeted the [[Army of Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslav Army]] (VJ) and Serbian police in Kosovo.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}} Jashari was convicted of [[terrorism]] ''[[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' by a Yugoslav court on 11 July 1997. [[Human Rights Watch]] subsequently described the trial, in which fourteen other Kosovo Albanians were also convicted, as "[failing] to conform to international standards."{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=27}} Pursuing Jashari for the murder of a Serb policeman, Serb forces again attempted to assault the Jashari compound in Prekaz on 22 January 1998.{{sfn|Elsie|2011|p=142}} With Jashari not present, thousands of Kosovo Albanians descended on Prekaz and again succeeded in pushing the Serbs out of the village and its surroundings. The next month, a small unit of the KLA ambushed Serbian policemen. Four Serbs were killed and two were injured in the ensuing clashes. At dawn on 5 March 1998, the KLA launched an attack against a police patrol in Prekaz.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=142}}
 ===Death===
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 In response to this attack, the Serbs organized a "full-scale revenge mission" involving tanks, [[Armoured personnel carrier|APCs]] and [[helicopter]]s.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|pp=142–143}} They were backed up by [[artillery]] from a nearby ammunition factory.{{sfn|Pettifer|2005|p=144}} With the intention of "eliminating the suspects and their families,"{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=27}} the police attacked villages that had been identified as KLA strongholds, including [[Likošane]] and [[Ćirez]]. Human Rights Watch noted that "special police forces attacked without warning, firing indiscriminately at women, children and other noncombatants." KLA members and their families subsequently fled to Jashari's compound. Here, the police invited Jashari to surrender, giving him a deadline of two hours in which to respond. During this period, a number of families left the compound.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} Jashari remained, ordering his family members to stay inside and telling his militants to resist to the last man.{{sfn|Henriksen|2005|p=127}}
-Once the two-hour deadline had expired, the two sides began exchanging gunfire. In one of the houses, where most of Jashari's extended family had gathered, a mortar shell fell in through the roof, causing many deaths. After a two{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} or three-day siege, the police captured the Jashari compound.{{sfn|Judah|2008|p=81}} Once inside, they discovered that Jashari and his brother Hamëz had been killed.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} Also killed were Jashari's wife, Adilje, and his thirteen-year-old son, Kushtrim.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=29}} Overall, approximately fifty-eight Kosovo Albanians were killed in the attack, including eighteen women and ten children under the age of sixteen.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=28}}{{sfn|Judah|2002|p=140}} Goran Radosavljević, a major in the Serb [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Serbia)|Interior Ministry]], said that "[Jashari] used women, children and the elderly as hostages."{{sfn|Henriksen|2005|p=128}} Speaking of the attack, Yugoslav General [[Nebojša Pavković]] stated that it was "a normal policing action against a well-known criminal. It was successful. The other details I don't remember."{{sfn|BBC|12 March 2000}}
+Once the two-hour deadline had expired, the two sides began exchanging gunfire. In one of the houses, where most of Jashari's extended family had gathered, a mortar shell fell in through the roof, causing many deaths. After a two{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} or three-day siege, the police captured the Jashari compound.{{sfn|Judah|2008|p=81}} Once inside, they discovered that Jashari and his brother Hamëz had been killed.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} Also killed were Jashari's wife, Adilje, and his thirteen-year-old son, Kushtrim.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=29}} Overall, approximately fifty-eight Kosovo Albanians were killed in the attack, including eighteen women and ten children under the age of sixteen.{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|p=28}}{{sfn|Judah|2002|p=140}} Goran Radosavljević, a major in the Serbian [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Serbia)|Interior Ministry]], said that "[Jashari] used women, children and the elderly as hostages."{{sfn|Henriksen|2005|p=128}} Speaking of the attack, Yugoslav General [[Nebojša Pavković]] stated that it was "a normal policing action against a well-known criminal. It was successful. The other details I don't remember."{{sfn|BBC|12 March 2000}}
 ===Aftermath===
-The deaths of Jashari and his family resulted in an international backlash against the Belgrade government.{{sfn|Carmichael|2012|p=558}} As news of the killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to avenge Jashari's death as Albanians flocked to join the KLA.{{sfn|Petersen|2011|p=154}}
+The deaths of Jashari and his family resulted in an international backlash against the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]].{{sfn|Carmichael|2012|p=558}} As news of the killings spread, armed Kosovo Albanian militias emerged throughout Kosovo, seeking to avenge Jashari's death as Albanians flocked to join the KLA.{{sfn|Petersen|2011|p=154}}
 Soon after the attack against Prekaz, 46 bodies were taken to a hospital morgue in [[Pristina]] on 7 March before being returned to [[Srbica]] the next day. There, they were placed inside a warehouse located on the outskirts of town. Photographs taken during this time revealed that Jashari had received a bullet wound to the neck. On 9 March, the police publicly stated that they would themselves bury the bodies of those killed if they were not quickly claimed and buried by family members. The next day, the police dug a large grave near Donji Prekaz and buried the bodies of fifty-six people, ten of whom could not be identified. On 11 March, the bodies were disinterred by relatives and reburied in accordance with Islamic tradition{{sfn|Human Rights Watch|1998|pp=30–31}} on a field known as the "field of peace".{{sfn|Judah|2008|p=28}}
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ==Legacy==
 [[File:Adem Jashari Memorial in Prekaz January 2013 14.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Adem Jashari Memorial in Prekaz.]]
-Dubbed the "Legendary Commander" ({{lang-sq|Komandanti Legjendar}}) by Albanians,{{sfn|Luci|Marković|2009|p=96}} Jashari is regarded by many in Kosovo as being the "father of the KLA". Portraits of him carrying an automatic weapon often adorn the walls of homes inhabited by ethnic Albanians.{{sfn|Perritt|2010|p=36}} Considered a symbol of independence by Kosovo Albanians, the anniversary of Jashari's death is annually commemorated in Kosovo{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} and his home has since been transformed into a shrine. The field where he and his family were buried has since become a place of pilgrimage for Kosovo Albanians, and several authors have equated Jashari with Albanian [[Folk hero|national hero]] [[George Kastrioti Skanderbeg]]{{sfn|Judah|2008|p=27}} as well as Albanian ''kaçak'' rebels from the past.{{sfn|Pettifer|2005|p=144}} Following Kosovo's [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declaration of independence]] in 2008, Jashari was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Kosovo" for his role in the Kosovo War.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} [[Olympic Stadium Adem Jashari|The football stadium]] in [[Mitrovica]],{{sfn|BBC|5 March 2014}} the [[List of national theatres|National Theatre]] in Pristina{{sfn|Luci|Marković|2009|p=96}} and [[Pristina International Airport]] have also been named after him.{{sfn|Elsie|2012|p=222}}
+Dubbed the "Legendary Commander" ({{lang-sq|Komandanti Legjendar}}) by Albanians,{{sfn|Luci|Marković|2009|p=96}} Jashari is regarded by many in Kosovo as being the "father of the KLA". Portraits of him carrying an automatic weapon often adorn the walls of homes inhabited by ethnic Albanians.{{sfn|Perritt|2010|p=36}} Considered a symbol of independence by Kosovo Albanians, the anniversary of Jashari's death is annually commemorated in Kosovo{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} and his home has since been transformed into a shrine. The field where he and his family were buried has since become a place of pilgrimage for Kosovo Albanians, and several authors have equated Jashari with Albanian [[Folk hero|national hero]] [[George Kastrioti Skanderbeg]]{{sfn|Judah|2008|p=27}} as well as Albanian ''kaçak'' rebels from the past.{{sfn|Pettifer|2005|p=144}} Following Kosovo's [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declaration of independence]] in 2008, Jashari was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Kosovo" for his role in the Kosovo War.{{sfn|Bartrop|2012|p=143}} [[Olympic Stadium Adem Jashari|The football stadium]] in [[Kosovska Mitrovica]],{{sfn|BBC|5 March 2014}} the [[List of national theatres|National Theatre]] in Pristina{{sfn|Luci|Marković|2009|p=96}} and [[Pristina International Airport]] have also been named after him.{{sfn|Elsie|2012|p=222}}
 ==Footnotes==

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