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According to an unconfirmed report in ''[[The Guardian]]'', authorities caused damage to public properties to provide a pretext for further crackdown on protesters.This allegation was countered by authorities who made similar accusations against the protestors.<ref name="CP-Gua"/> [[CNN]] reported that weapons and police's uniform among protesters were taken into custody by Iranian security guards.<ref name="cnn 5012018">{{cite web|last1=McKirdy|first1=Euan|last2=Dewan|first2=Angela|title=Iran's Revolutionary Guards claim protests over|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/03/asia/iran-protests-government-intl/index.html|website=cnn|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref>
According to an unconfirmed report in ''[[The Guardian]]'', authorities caused damage to public properties to provide a pretext for further crackdown on protesters.This allegation was countered by authorities who made similar accusations against the protestors.<ref name="CP-Gua"/> [[CNN]] reported that weapons and police's uniform among protesters were taken into custody by Iranian security guards.<ref name="cnn 5012018">{{cite web|last1=McKirdy|first1=Euan|last2=Dewan|first2=Angela|title=Iran's Revolutionary Guards claim protests over|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/03/asia/iran-protests-government-intl/index.html|website=cnn|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref>

== Criticism of foreign support ==
{{Expand section|date=January 2018}}

Guardian wrote that Iran's enemies, namely, US, Israel and Saudi Arabia "like birds of prey circling high in the desert sky" were hoping that the protests escalate into regime change.He warned that such a scenario could lead to a dangerous escalation of regional tensions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/01/iran-enemies-wise-not-wish-regime-change|title=Iran's enemies would be wise not to wish for regime change|last=Tisdall|first=Simon|date=2018-01-01|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

On 4 January, Mohammad Javad Montezri Iran's chief prosecutor, claimed existence of a four-year-old joint plan by CIA, [[Mossad]] and Saudi Arabia for fomenting unrest inside Iran. He said that a CIA agent and a Mossad operative have been in charge of masterminding the unrest with Saudi Arabia covering the expenses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/iran-prosecutor-blames-cia-israel-saudi-protests-180104185912598.html|title=Iran prosecutor blames CIA, Israel, Saudi for protests|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref> [[Robert Fisk]], gave credit to Iran's top leaders' accusation that US was orchestrating armed violence in Iran, by pointing to curious absence of [[Michael D'Andrea]], who has been recently appointed by Donald Trump to head CIA's regime-change operations against Iran. D'Andrea had been already responsible for turning Syrian peaceful protests into a civil war by having armed extremist groups infiltrating the protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/iran-protests-donald-trump-michael-dandrea-us-opposition-hassan-rouhani-reform-violence-riots-a8141271.html|title=Why has the CIA’s man in Iran gone quiet?|date=2018-01-04|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-01-06|language=en-GB}}</ref>

On 5 January, in reference to Trump's expression of support for protestors, [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]], twitted, ""Trump has an odd way of showing 'such respect' for Iranians: from labeling them a 'terrorist nation' & banning them from visiting the US, to petty insults on the name of the Persian Gulf," Zarif said in a Twitter post."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sputniknews.com/world/201801051060529672-iran-javad-zarif-trump-protests/|title=Iran's FM Zarif: 'Trump Has an Odd Way of Showing Respect for Iranians'|last=Sputnik|website=sputniknews.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-06}}</ref>


== Government reactions ==
== Government reactions ==

Revision as of 10:55, 6 January 2018

2017–18 Iranian protests
File:29 December 2017 protests in Kermanshah, Iran (full).jpg
Protests in Kermanshah, 29 December 2017
Date28 December 2017 – ongoing (336 weeks and 5 days)
Location
Iran
By world
[1]  Germany: Cologne
  Switzerland: Bern
 Sweden: Stockholm
 Greece: Athens
Caused by
Goals
MethodsDemonstrations, riots, civil disobedience
StatusOngoing
Parties
Protesters
Lead figures

No known leaders

Number
tens of thousands[12]
Casualties
Death(s)22 dead[13]
2 police[14][15]
Arrested1,000+ arrested[16][17]

The 2017–18 Iranian protests (Persian: تظاهرات ۱۳۹۶ ایران) are a series of protests occurring throughout Iran. Beginning 28 December 2017 in Mashhad, Iran's second-largest city by population, protests focused on the economic polices of the government of Iran; however, as protests spread throughout the country, their scope has expanded to include political opposition to the theocratic regime of Iran and its Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.[18]

The protests mark the most intense domestic challenge to the Iranian government since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests.[19] However, these protests differ from the Green movement in participants, causes, goals, and chants.[20][21] While some analysts suggest the protests are a result of unfavorable economic policies adopted by Iranian President Hassan Rouhani's administration, other analysts point to the population's high dissatisfaction with the theocratic regime and Supreme Leader as the actual cause of the unrest.[22][3]

Protests turned violent in some parts of the country. Protesters attacked police stations, military personnel and installations, and started fires.[23] As of 2 January 2018, at least twenty-one protesters and two security force members have been killed. Additionally, 1,000 demonstrators have been arrested.[17][14] On 5 January 2018, UN human rights experts have urged Iran to respect rights of protesters, and end the Internet crackdown.[24]

Background

The current government of Iran came into power following the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the Pahlavi dynasty overthrown in favor of a theocratic Islamic Republic led by Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini. Since then, Iran has followed a conservative, religious approach towards domestic and international affairs.

Since 1989, Khamenei has ruled Iran as Supreme Leader, making him the second-longest serving head of state in the Middle East (after Oman's Sultan Qaboos), as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.[25] Khamenei controls a financial empire that was worth at least $95 billion in 2013.[26]

In 2006, following international concerns regarding the government's nuclear program, a comprehensive, international sanctions regime was imposed on Iran. In 2015, Iran negotiated a deal with the great powers of the world in exchange for economic relief.

The sanctions brought a destabilizing effect upon Iran's currency which in turn, resulted in high inflation, rising unemployment, and a rise in the price of staple goods. Many Iranians hoped relief from sanctions would result in economic prosperity; however, benefits have not seemed to improve the life of the average Iranian.[27] Recent economic hardships have appeared to incite economic protests and shine light on government corruption.[28] Protesters registered their opposition to cuts to fuel and cash subsidies, contained in the 2018 budget proposal, while the generous government funding of religious organisations and the Revolutionary Guards remained unaffected.[29]

Causes

Iranian author Majid Mohammadi posits three causes for the 2017 protests: government corruption, economic hardships, and religious authoritarianism. In his opinion, religious authoritarianism is the most salient target of 2017 protests since protesters have come to believe that the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist is bent on preserving the status-quo and not susceptible to reform.[30] The 2017 events are the largest protest in Iran since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests.[19]

Ali Khorram, an Iranian professor of International law, drew parallels and lessons from the 2007-08 global financial crisis and criticized Rouhani government's failure to learn from the 2007-08 crisis and support the depositors against the wrongdoings of the unregulated financial institutions before the depositors' grievance turn to public protests. "Didn't Donald Trump and Rex Tillerson vow to fight the establishment by reinforcing internal dissatisfaction? Didn't Israel and Saudi Arabia vow to take the war into the streets of Tehran? Why then the real demands of the people are not honored so that they turn into pawns in foreigners' plans? Our enemies can only exploit our internal social divides then why do we exacerbate these divides [by our own mismanagement]?", he said.[31]

Conservative Iranian politician and economist Ahmad Tavakkoli blamed the protests on Rouhani administration's neglect of economic demands of the poor, and added "... [T]hese developments were predictable because the implementation of violent policies of International Monetary Fund, despite the objection of well-intended experts, had already resulted in social unrest back in 1990s", and that Rouhani government is pursuing the same policies. He also criticized the Rouhani government's failure to address the problems caused by non-regulated financial institutions for the average depositors.[32]

Sadegh Zibakalam, a reformist Iranian academic and pundit, blamed the protests on the lost hopes of young educated unemployed Iranians in both the principlists and the reformists. They feel particularly betrayed by Rouhani's administration that promised change. He interpreted the pro-Pahlavi slogans as only the youths' way of expressing their anger at the establishment not indication of real support for Pahlavis. He also said that despite sympathy with protestors' grievances he couldn't endorse the way they were expressing their protests and considered them counterproductive.[33]

According to Trita Parsi, the founder and current president of the National Iranian American Council, the main participants in these protests are different to those involved in the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests. Parsi suggests that the protestors are mainly those dillusioned with the Iranian reform movement or who never supported it. Iranian Reformists have been surprised by these protests and have not come out in support of the protestors.[21]

Journalist, editor and political commentator Bret Stephens wrote that "real democracies don't live in fear of their own people," referring to the crackdown on protesters, and the Internet. He concluded that one of the reasons the protesters were calling for longtime leader Khamenei to step down is because he controls a financial empire that was worth at least $95 billion in 2013.[34]

In December 2017 a draft government budget was leaked which favoured the foundations of Ayatollahs and the Revolutionary Guards while cutting subsidies for poor people.[35] This caused widespread anger, with the hashtag #pashimanam (we regret [our vote for Rouhani]) going viral across the country.[35]

Timeline

Cities by day first affected by protests:
  Red: 28 December
  Orange: 29 December
  Yellow: 30 December

The demonstrations were started by crowds protesting across Iran, including in Mashhad, the second-most populous city. Protests spread to over 70 towns and cities,[36] including Neyshabour, Kashan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kashmar, Rasht, Esfahan, Arak, Bandar Abbas, Ardabil, Qazvin, Hamedan, Sari, Babol, Amol, Shahinshahr, Shahrekord, Shiraz, Khorramabad, Zanjan, Gorgan, Zahedan, Urmia, Dorud, Yazd and Shahroud.[37]

In many protests throughout the country people also chanted "bless your soul" and other slogans praising Reza Shah,[38][39][40][41] whose dynasty was deposed in the Iranian Revolution in which the modern Islamic republic was established. Protestors also shouted slogans praising Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,[42] and his son and former heir-apparent, the exiled Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran. The protesters called for Khamenei to step down,[4][39] as well as torn down,[6] and set fire to posters of Khamenei in Tehran. Protesters also shouted: “Khamenei, shame on you, leave the country alone!”[39] and “death to the dictator.”[7] Protesters also chanted “People are paupers while the mullahs live like gods.”[43]

28 December

The protests in Iran erupted on 28 December 2017. Several crowds were seen protesting across Iran, including in Mashhad, the second most populous city, as well as a several hundred person protest in Tehran, the capital. There were also protests in Neyshabour, Kashmar, Yazd and Shahroud.[37] The protests were allegedly organised on social media messaging apps. Crowds were seen chanting "We don’t want an Islamic Republic!", "death to Rouhani", as well as "death to the dictator".[44]

The protests were initially for economic woes, against the high price of goods and commodities, but has "quickly changed" to protesting Iranian involvement in the Middle East, as well as the government itself.[37][44][45][46][40][excessive citations]

29 December

Demonstrations continued on Friday past sunset. Protests spread to several major cities including Rasht, Isfahan, Ahvaz, Qom, Sari, Zahedan, and Qazvin.[47] A small number of people were arrested in Tehran.[48]

30 December

On 30 December the protests escalated, as three were killed and others wounded in shooting by Revolutionary Guards during night protests in central Iran.[49] As Saturday coincided with the anniversary of 30 December 2009 pro-establishment rally in Iran, some 4000 people attended a pro-establishment rally in Tehran.[50] According to state television, pro-government rallies were held in 1200 towns and cities in all.[51] At the same time, anti-government riots spread to Tehran for the first time, where students in Tehran University chanted anti-government slogans before getting dispersed by riot police.[51] Posters of Khamenei were torn down at Tehran University.[6] Internet access was shut down in parts of the country, including many areas in Tehran.[52]

The governorate of Loerstan though issued a public statement stating that no bullets were shot at the people by the military, police and security forces and that they were aiming to end the protests without violence but the presence of "takfiri and belligerent groups among the protestors who were directed by intelligence services of foreigners" resulted in two deaths and three injuries. The statement also said that peace was restored to the city by cooperation of the people.[53]

31 December

Iran's interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli warned that those who "disrupt the order and break the law must be responsible for their behavior and pay the price." Rahmani Fazli said in a statement on state television that "fear and terror will definitely be confronted."[54] VOA Persian's service identified the victims as Hamzeh Lashni and Hossein Reshno after a reporter spoke to the victims' families.[54]

Anti-government protests continued for a fourth day. Some scattered demonstrations in Tehran and families of arrested protesters gathering outside Evin prison.[54] 200 people were arrested in Tehran on Sunday, and another 10 were arrested in West Azerbaijan province.[55]

Rouhani, in his first comments after days of anti-government demonstrations said people have the right to protest but stressed violence, vandalism and inflammatory political slogans must be avoided as these only worsen the conditions of the people.[54]

According to Iran's State media, some armed demonstrators tried to take control of police stations and military bases but were repulsed by security forces.[56] It has confirmed that 10 people have been killed during clashes Sunday night.[57]

  • Anti-government protests in Tehran, 31 December 2017
    Anti-government protests in Tehran, 31 December 2017
  • Anti-government protests in Karaj, 31 December 2017
    Anti-government protests in Karaj, 31 December 2017
  • Anti-government protests in Tehran's Enqelab square, 31 December 2017
    Anti-government protests in Tehran's Enqelab square, 31 December 2017

1 January

Protests continued on Monday in Tehran and other cities throughout the country.[58] State media reported that one member of its security forces was shot and killed during protests on 1 January.[15]

2 January

Clashes overnight between protesters and security forces killed nine people. State television reported that six of these deaths occurred after rioters tried to storm a police station in Qahdarijan with the intention of stealing weapons.[59] Additionally, an 11-year-old boy and a 20-year-old man were killed in the town of Khomeinishahr, and a Revolutionary Guard member was killed in Najafabad. All three were killed with hunting rifles.[14] 550 people have been arrested since the start of protests.[17][60] 90 percent of those arrested are younger than 25 years old.[61][62]

3 January

Protests chants against Khamenei in beside of Iran's embassy at Geneva.

On 3 January, there were sporadic demonstrations throughout Iran. In the city of Malayer demonstrations started after sundown and their chants targeted the Supreme Leader. Videos online also showed demonstrations in the northern city of Noshahr, with protesters shouting “death to the dictator”.[1][63] On the other hand, IRGC head Mohammad Ali Jafari announced the end of "the sedition".[64] In a sign of official concern about the resilience of the protests, the Revolutionary Guards commander, Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari, said he had dispatched forces to Hamadan, Isfahan and Lorestan provinces to tackle “the new sedition”.[65]

4 January

According to an Iranian intelligence ministry announcement on 4 January, three IRGC members were killed dismantling an anti-government "terrorist cell" in northwestern city of Piranshar. Per IRGC, the "terrorist cell," which possessed weapons and explosives, was said to have been assigned with bombings and murder of innocents in Iran in order to escalate the unrest.[66][67] On Thursday, 4 January, multiple cities across Iran where the site of anti–government demonstrations, namely: Sanandaj, Bukan, Kamyaran, Dezful, Ahvaz and Rasht.[68]

5 January

UN human rights experts have urged Iran to respect rights of protesters, and end the Internet crackdown.[69]

Pro-government rallies

The protests coincided with annual rally of 4,000 people in support of the government and commemorating the 9 Dey rally.[70][71][72][73] The pro-government demonstrations were orchestrated by the government, and many of those 4,000 attending were bused in and given the same or similar placards with Khamenei's photo on them.

On 3 January, thousands of counter protesters marched in pro-government rallies broadcast on national television,[74] with many holding government-distributed placards and some people chanting slogans in support of Khamenei[75] and against alleged US involvement in the unrest.[76] According to the Washington Post, the rallies appeared like "state-organized gatherings,"[77] while the Revolutionary Guards-affiliated Fars news agency described them as "the revolutionary outburst of Iranian people against lawbreakers."[74]

Pro-establishment rallies continued in the following days in several Iranian cities. The Iranian Tasnim News Agency reported that participants urged officials to address the economic problems but condemned foreign-backed riots.[78][79][80]

  • Pro-establishment rally in Qom, 3 January 2018
    Pro-establishment rally in Qom, 3 January 2018
  • Pro-establishment rally in Hamedan, 3 January 2018
    Pro-establishment rally in Hamedan, 3 January 2018
  • Pro-establishment rally in Ahvaz, 3 January 2018
    Pro-establishment rally in Ahvaz, 3 January 2018

Demonstrations outside of Iran

On 3 January, Iranians living outside of the Iran staged demonstrations in support of the protests in Iran. These rallies took place in cities such as Stockholm, Athens, Bern, and Cologne.[1]

Casualties

  • From 28–31 December, a total of 12 protesters were killed in clashes with security forces.[57]
  • On 1 January, State media reported the death of a security force member after being shot by a hunting rifle in Tehran.[15]
  • By 2 January, a total of 21 protesters have been killed following a failed raid on a police station where six armed demonstrators were killed.[59] Included among the dead are five people in Qahderijan and six in Tuyserkan.[43]

Damage to public property

File:Around Ferdowsi sq, Tehran - 30 December 2017.jpg
Damage to the public property amid the protests in Tehran.

On 30 December 2017, Tasnim News Agency reported that fifty protesters BRT stations and broke the handrails in Ferdowsi square, Tehran. According to a video published online, a protestor burned the Iranian national flag.[81]

According to the report of the Tehran mayor, Mohammad Ali Najafi, the damage to the public properties in Tehran "was not that serious" and only some of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) stations and a number of garbage cans have been burned.[82] According to Rouhani, there wasn’t any connivance in behavior with people who damaged public property and disturb public order.[83]

Naser Bakht, the security deputy of Tehran governor stated, during the uprisings in Tehran on Saturday breaking the window of two buses and two banks, burning the 30 garbage cans, destroying the cars of citizens, throwing stones toward people and police officer were some kind of damage to public property. [84]

The Washington Post reported that protesters have attacked police stations and government offices.[85]

According to Mehr News Agency, video captured by closed circuit cameras at a fire station in Dorud, on 31 December 2017, shows rioters entering the station, attacking the staff and damaging fire trucks.[86]

According to an unconfirmed report in The Guardian, authorities caused damage to public properties to provide a pretext for further crackdown on protesters.This allegation was countered by authorities who made similar accusations against the protestors.[74] CNN reported that weapons and police's uniform among protesters were taken into custody by Iranian security guards.[87]

Government reactions

Media censorship

Further information: Censorship in Iran

In statements by the Iranian Minister of Interior Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, he said that the improper use of social media was "causing violence and fear", further stating that "such behavior will be smashed".[88] Iranian state news channel Islamic Republic of Iran News Network was banned from covering the protests.[89]

Internet

Further information: Internet censorship in Iran

In some regions, Iran’s internet service providers, that are either directly owned by or closely tied to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard which reports directly to the Supreme Leader of Iran, have blocked internet access in several cities as protests continue.[90] Previously, several satellite networks in Iran were jammed, and internet and telephone in some areas were cut.[91] VPNs, which had offered a backdoor to the internet, were also turned off.[35]

According to OpenDNS's BGP Stream, on 1 January 2018 Iran's internet traffic dropped close to 50%.[92][93] Meanwhile, the number of Iranians making use of TOR has increased significantly during the protests.[94]

Telegram

Messaging service Telegram played a vital part in organizing the protests.[95]

On 30 December, the Iranian government requested the closing of a Telegram channel operated by Roohollah Zam which called for use of handmade explosives against the security forces. The request was honored by Telegram, and its CEO Pavel Durov received criticism for complying with the request. The channel was reinstated on the next day after the admin who published the post calling for violence was dismissed.[96] On 31 December, Iranian government blocked access to Telegram after it refused to ban another channel.[97] Telegram CEO Pavel Durov tweeted that "Iranian authorities are blocking access to Telegram for the majority of Iranians after our public refusal to shut down telegram.me/sedaiemardom and other peacefully protesting channels."[98]

Instagram

Iran blocked Instagram on 31 December 2017.[99][100][101] The authorities have stated the filtering will be temporary.[102]

Twitter

Both the Supreme Leader and the foreign minister posted messages regarding the protests on Twitter. However, Twitter is banned for the general public in Iran.

Media coverage

File:Graffiti in Tehran refers to Referendum, during 2017–18 Iranian protests - Jan 2, 2018 (3).jpg
Graffiti in Tehran refers to Referendum

Reports by independent media organizations in Iran was restricted.[88] However, Iran's state media covered Rouhani's comments about the protests who said "people have the right to criticize" but the authorities would not tolerate antisocial behavior which is "different from violence and destroying pubic properties."[102]

Elliott Abrams criticized The New York Times for what he considers misleading coverage of Iran's protests. In his view, the news coverage diminishes the value of Iran's protests, limiting it to the economic sphere, while the slogans suggest that the political dimension of the demonstrations is also significant.[103]

Reactions

National

  • Khamenei blamed the enemies of the Islamic Republic for the unrest, saying, "In the events of the past few days, the enemies of Iran are deploying every means at their disposal including money, arms and political and intelligence support to coordinate making troubles for the Islamic establishment".[104]
  • Rouhani phoned French president Emmanuel Macron to implore him to act against the Mujahideen-e-Khalq (People's Mujahedin of Iran), an exiled Iranian opposition group based in Paris, and accused them of fomenting the recent unrest.[105]
  • Rouhani stated that Iranian people have an inalienable right to express their criticism against their country's problems but he added that violence and attacks on public properties must be avoided. He further said that protests should not be expressed in a manner that makes people feel their lives and the revolution have been threatened. He asked security forces to avoid the use of violence "as they did so far". In reference to US President Trump’s expression of support for the protestors he said, "this man in the US who pretends to have sympathy for our people today should keep in mind that he was the one who called the Iranian nation terrorists months ago. This man who is against Iranians wholeheartedly has no right to feel sympathy for the people of Iran.”[106]
  • Iranian foreign ministry's spokesman, Bahram Qassemi, responded to Trump's tweets saying that "the Iranian people do not tolerate the opportunistic and hypocritical slogans of US officials," and insisted that "the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran establishes democratic structures for legal protection of the civil rights of the people and the possibility of pursuing these demands within the framework of the law is fully possible".[107][108]
  • Ali Shamkhani, the Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, said that the US, UK and Saudi Arabia were inciting riots by their use of hashtags and social media campaigns.[109]
  • The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps issued a statement and pledged that the organization will closely observe "future acts of sedition" and "in supporting the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, will allow no harm to be inflicted upon the country".[110]
  • Former Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Hamid Reza Asefi, said Saudi Arabia is seeking to exploit and misuse of what he termed "civil rallies and freedom of expression" and claimed that Saudi regime is trying to incite chaos in Iran for their own political ends. He said Iranian people and the government would never let the Saudi government or any other country to take advantage of the protests and even interfere in Iran's domestic issues. He further said the protests are not being held against the government but against economic problems.[111]
  • Farah Pahlavi, the former Shahbanu of Iran, responded in support of the protests on her Instagram and Facebook accounts. Reza Pahlavi, son of Iran's last Shah, posted a supportive message on his Telegram channel on the second day of the protests.[107][108]
  • Judiciary Chief Sadeq Larijani ordered prosecutors and law enforcement to take serious measures against rioters and vandals, warning they would be punished firmly.[112]

International

File:Iranians gather in front of the Islamic Republic of Iran embassy in Berlin to accompany protests in Iran - Jan 2, 2018 (cropped).jpg
Iranians gather in front of the Islamic Republic embassy in Berlin to protest, holding monarchist flags, 2 January 2018
  •  Canada – The Canadian office of Global Affairs voiced its support for the protestors by releasing the statement: "Canada is encouraged by the Iranian people who are exercising their basic right to protest peacefully."[113]
  •  European Union – The EU said in a press release that "peaceful demonstration and freedom of expression are fundamental rights that apply to every country, and Iran is no exception."[114]
  •  Germany – Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel tweeted, "[We] call upon the Iranian government to respect the protesters’ right to peacefully raise their voices. [...] After the confrontations of the past days it is important to take distance from violent acts."[115]
  •  Israel – Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised the protesters as "heroic" in their "noble quest for freedom".[115][116] He added, "I heard today Iran’s President [Hassan] Rouhani’s claim that Israel is behind the protests in Iran. It’s not only false. It’s laughable. And unlike Rouhani, I will not insult the Iranian people. They deserve better."[115][116]
  •  Russia – Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that the mass unrest in Iran is an internal affair of the nation and hoped that the crisis will evolve without any bloodshed and violence. He also emphasized that any foreign interference in internal affairs of Iran that may destabilize the situation is unacceptable.[117]
  •  Turkey – Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu said “We believe it is necessary to avoid violence and not succumb to provocations.” concerning the reports of people dying and vandalization of public buildings in Iran. He also hoped that foreign interventions would be avoided.[118]
  •  United Kingdom – Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Boris Johnson tweeted that he's "watching events in Iran with concern" and emphasized citizens' right to peaceful demonstrations.[119]
  •  United States – United States President Donald Trump responded in support of the protests on his Twitter account stating that "Many reports of peaceful protests by Iranian citizens fed up with regime’s corruption & its squandering of the nation’s wealth to fund terrorism abroad. Iranian govt should respect their people’s rights, including right to express themselves. The world is watching! #IranProtest".[120]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-42561396?ocid=socialflow_twitter
  2. ^ a b c Reuters (30 December 2017). "Protests over alleged corruption and rising prices spread to Tehran". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b CNN, Phil Gast and Dakin Andone,. "Here's why the Iran protests are significant". CNN. Retrieved 2 January 2018. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b Erdbrink, Thomas (30 December 2017). "Iran Confronts 3rd Day of Protests, With Calls for Khamenei to Quit". Archived from the original on 30 December 2017 – via NYTimes.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b "Iranian protesters attack police stations, raise stakes in unrest". 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018 – via Reuters.
  6. ^ a b c CNN, Laura Smith-Spark, Dakin Andone and Jennifer Hauser,. "Iran warns against 'illegal' gatherings after protests". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b Dehghan, Saeed Kamali; Graham-Harrison, Emma (31 December 2017). "Iranians chant 'death to dictator' in biggest unrest since crushing of protests in 2009". Retrieved 2 January 2018 – via www.theguardian.com.
  8. ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-rallies/iran-deploys-revolutionary-guards-to-quell-sedition-in-protest-hotbeds-idUSKBN1ES0FI
  9. ^ خطير, حسن قلي پور (1 January 2018). "تصویری متفاوت از نیروهای یگان ویژه در تهران - - " دهمین - تصویری متفاوت از نیروهای یگان ویژه در تهران". موتور جستجوی قطره (in Persian). Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  10. ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-rallies/iran-deploys-revolutionary-guards-to-quell-sedition-in-protest-hotbeds-idUSKBN1ES0FI
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External links

Template:Ongoing protests Template:Anti-government protests in the 21st century

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017%E2%80%9318_Iranian_protests&diff=818920233&oldid=818920096

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