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According France 24, targeted killing of Qasem Soleimani "has caused alarm around the world, amid fears that Iranian retaliation against American interests in the region could spiral into a far larger conflict."<ref>{{cite news |title=‘A more dangerous world’: US killing of Iran's Soleimani stokes fears of regional conflict |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200103-a-more-dangerous-world-usa-killing-soleimani-stokes-fears-regional-conflict-iran-iraq-trump |accessdate=5 January 2020 |work=France 24 |date=3 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
According France 24, targeted killing of Qasem Soleimani "has caused alarm around the world, amid fears that Iranian retaliation against American interests in the region could spiral into a far larger conflict."<ref>{{cite news |title=‘A more dangerous world’: US killing of Iran's Soleimani stokes fears of regional conflict |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200103-a-more-dangerous-world-usa-killing-soleimani-stokes-fears-regional-conflict-iran-iraq-trump |accessdate=5 January 2020 |work=France 24 |date=3 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

According to Reuters, some Iranians including Soleimani supporters fear that a war could break out at a time of economic hardship and widespread corruption. Some older Iranians recalled memories of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Iran-Iraq war]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-iran-mood/sorrow-mixed-with-fear-as-iran-mourns-soleimanis-death-idUSKBN1Z30FD|title=Sorrow mixed with fear as Iran mourns Soleimani's death|last=Hafezi|first=Parisa|date=January 4, 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=January 4, 2020|url-status=live|department=World News}}</ref>


===Funerals===
===Funerals===

Revision as of 08:17, 5 January 2020

2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike
Part of the American-led intervention in Iraq (Operation Inherent Resolve) and the Persian Gulf crisis
File:2020 Baghdad Airport airstrike aftermath.jpg
Wreckage from the U.S. strike near Baghdad International Airport, 3 January 2020
TypeDrone strike[1]
Location
Near Baghdad International Airport, Baghdad, Iraq

33°15′29″N 44°15′22″E / 33.25806°N 44.25611°E / 33.25806; 44.25611
TargetQuds Force
Popular Mobilization Forces
Date3 January 2020 (2020-01-03)
about 1 a.m.[2] (local time, UTC+3)
Executed by United States
OutcomeSee Aftermath
Casualties10 dead:[3][4][5]
Major General Qasem Soleimani
Brigadier General Hossein Pur-Jafari
Colonel Shahroud Muzaffari-Niya
Major Hadi Tarmi
Captain Vahid Zamanian
Commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis
Public Affairs official Mohammad al-Jabiriand
Three others killed
Assassination of Qasem Soleimani is located in Iraq
Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
Location in Iraq

Template:Campaignbox 2019 Persian Gulf crisis

On 3 January 2020, amid rising tensions between the United States and Iran, the U.S. launched a drone strike on a convoy traveling near Baghdad International Airport, killing Major General Qasem Soleimani of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), commander of the Quds Force. Nine other passengers, including the deputy commander of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, were also killed.

The attack occurred during the 2019–2020 Persian Gulf crisis, which began after the U.S. withdrew from the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran in 2018, reimposed sanctions, and accused Iranian elements of fomenting a campaign to harass U.S. forces in the region. On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Iraq, which hosts Iraqi and U.S. personnel, was attacked, killing an American contractor. The U.S. responded by launching airstrikes across Iraq and Syria, killing 25 Iran-backed Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen. Days later, Shia militiamen and their supporters retaliated by assaulting the U.S. embassy in the Green Zone.

The killing of Qasem Soleimani sharply escalated tensions between the U.S. and Iran and sparked fears of a conflict. Iranian leaders vowed to take revenge on the United States, while U.S. officials said that they would preemptively attack any Iran-backed paramilitary groups in Iraq that they perceived as a threat.

Representatives from Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Pakistan, Russia, and the United Kingdom urged restraint and diplomacy.

Background

Further information: Iran–Israel relations

The United States intervened in Iraq in 2014 as a part of Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), the United States–led mission to degrade and combat the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) terror organization, and have been training and operating alongside Iraqi forces as a part of the anti-ISIL coalition. ISIL was largely beaten back from Iraq in 2017 during the Iraqi Civil War, with the help of primarily Iran-backed Shia militias—Popular Mobilization Forces, reporting to the Iraqi prime minister since 2016—and the United States-backed Iraqi Armed Forces.[6]

Tensions rose between Iran and the United States in 2018 after United States President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the 2015 nuclear deal and reimposed sanctions against Iran,[7] which severely affected Iran's economy[8] and were part of the US strategy of applying "maximum pressure" against Iran.[9]

Prior threats against Qasem Soleimani

Former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama both considered and rejected the targeting of Qasem Soleimani, fearing that it would escalate to a full-scale war. Retired CIA officer Marc Polymeropoulos told The New York Times that Soleimani, unlike other adversaries killed by the United States, felt comfortable operating in the open and was not hard to find. He often took photographs of himself and openly taunted U.S. forces.[10]

In September 2015, radio host Hugh Hewitt asked Donald Trump about Soleimani. After initially confusing him with a Kurdish leader, Trump argued that leaders like Soleimani would be dead under his administration.[11]

It was reported in 2015 that Israel was "on the verge" of assassinating Soleimani on Syrian soil, however the United States, during the Obama administration's negotiations for the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, thwarted the operation by revealing it to the Iranian officials.[12]

On 25 August 2019, Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz stated that "Israel is acting to strike the head of the Iranian snake and uproot its teeth ... Iran is the head of the snake and Qassem Soleimani, the commander of the Revolutionary Guards Quds Force, is the snake's teeth."[13] In October 2019, Hossein Taeb, chief of the Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, told press that his agency had arrested an unspecified number of people, allegedly foiling a plot by Israeli and Arab agencies to assassinate Soleimani. He said they had planned to "buy a property adjacent to the grave of Soleimani’s father and rig it with explosives to kill the commander."[14] He added the way of the assassination would have appeared as part of an internal Iranian power struggle to "trigger a religious war inside Iran."[15] In response, Yossi Cohen, chief of Israeli foreign intelligence agency Mossad, said in October 2019 that "Soleimani knows that his assassination is not impossible."[16]

Prelude

See also: 2019 K-1 Air Base attack, December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, and Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad

In October 2019, Major General Qasem Soleimani met with members of the Kataib Hezbollah in Iraq to discuss plans for future attacks against American targets, senior members of the militia group told Reuters. Such attacks would occur in the backdrop of protests in Iraq against growing Iranian influence in that country and would, Soleimani and his allies hoped, trigger U.S. retaliatory actions that would redirect public anger at the United States. Soleimani once told a Reuters journalist he knew Iraq like the back of his hand. He picked the Kataib Hezbollah because he believed the Americans would have difficulty detecting this group, which possessed drones capable of spotting targets for rocket launchers. Militia commanders told Reuters Soleimani ordered the delivery of this aircraft to his allies in the fall of 2019.[17]

On 27 December 2019, the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province, Iraq—one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve coalition personnel—was attacked by more than 30 rockets, killing a United States civilian contractor and injuring four United States service members and two Iraqi security forces personnel. The United States blamed the Iranian-backed Kata'ib Hezbollah militia for the attack.[18] Furthermore, a senior United States official, who spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity, said there had been a campaign of 11 attacks on Iraqi bases hosting OIR personnel in the two months before 27 December incident, many of which the United States also attributed to Kata'ib Hezbollah.[19][20] On 29 December 2019, retaliatory U.S. airstrikes on Kata'ib Hezbollah's headquarters killed 25 militia members,[21] and wounded 55.[17]

On 31 December 2019, after a funeral was held for the Kata'ib Hezbollah militiamen, dozens of Iraqi Shia militiamen and their supporters marched into the Green Zone and surrounded the United States embassy compound.[22] Dozens of the demonstrators then smashed through a main door of the checkpoint, set fire to the reception area, raised Popular Mobilization Units militia flags, left anti-American posters, and sprayed anti-American graffiti.[23][24][25] U.S. president Donald Trump accused Iran of orchestrating the attack on the embassy and added that they would be held "fully responsible".[26] Iran's foreign ministry denied they were behind the protests.[27][28][29]

Trump briefing

According to an unnamed senior U.S. official, after the bombing of Kata'ib Hezbollah in late December 2019, a security briefing was convened at President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort where Trump and his advisors, including Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Defense Secretary Mark Esper and General Mark Milley, discussed how to respond to Iran's alleged role in sponsoring anti-U.S. attacks in Iraq. Reportedly, the targeted killing of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, whom U.S. officials regarded as a facilitator of attacks on U.S. personnel in Iraq, was listed as one of many options on a briefing slide for Trump to respond with.[30] Trump chose the option to target Soleimani. The president's order prompted the CIA and other U.S. intelligence agencies that have tracked Soleimani's whereabouts for years to locate him on a flight from Damascus to Baghdad, reportedly to hold meetings with Iraqi militiamen. The strike would have been called off had Soleimani been on his way to meet with Iraqi government officials aligned with the U.S.[31]

According to the Washington Post, Trump was likely motivated in choosing to kill Soleimani simply by a desire to appear decisive amid the ongoing Persian Gulf crisis as, reportedly, his decision to call off an airstrike against Iran in summer 2019 after the downing of a U.S. drone led to what he perceived as negative media coverage. Lawmakers and aides who had spoken to him told the Post the president also had the 2012 Benghazi attack in Libya on his mind.[32]

However, according to The New York Times, Trump initially rejected the option to target Soleimani on 28 December 2019 but finally made the decision after being angered by television news reports of the U.S. embassy in Baghdad under attack by Iranian-backed protesters, which occurred on 31 December. By late 2 January 2020, Trump had finalized his decision, selecting the most extreme option his advisors had provided him, reportedly to the bewilderment of Pentagon officials. The Times report goes on to cite unnamed U.S. officials as claiming that the intelligence regarding Soleimani's alleged plot against the U.S. as "thin" and that the ayatollah had not approved any operation for Soleimani to carry out. Reportedly, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Vice President Mike Pence were the most hawkish voices arguing to retaliate against Iran.[31]

Attack

In the early morning hours of 3 January 2020, Qasem Soleimani's plane arrived at Baghdad International Airport as a U.S. MQ-9 Reaper drone and other military aircraft loitered in the area. Soleimani and other pro-Iranian paramilitary figures, including Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, entered two vehicles and departed the airport towards downtown Baghdad. At around 1 am local time, the drone launched several missiles, striking the convoy on an airport access road, engulfing the two cars in flames and killing 10 people.[33][34][35][36]

As news of the event broke, the United States Department of Defense subsequently issued a statement which said that the strike was carried out "at the direction of the president" and was meant to deter future attacks. President Trump asserted that Soleimani had been planning further attacks on American diplomats and military personnel and had approved the attacks on the American embassy in Baghdad.[37][38][39]

Casualties

General Qasem Soleimani (left) and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis (right) were among those killed.

Soleimani's body was identified using a ring that he wore.[40] As DNA results were still pending regarding the identification of those killed, a senior Pentagon official stated that there was "high probability" that Soleimani would be identified.[41][42] Ahmed Al Asadi, a spokesman for the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), confirmed the deaths of Soleimani and Muhandis.[36] Ayatollah Ali Sistani's office claimed that among the casualties were several commanders who defeated Islamic State terrorists.[43]

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) stated that a total of ten people were killed. Along with Soleimani, four other IRGC officers were also killed: Brigadier General Hossein Pourjafari, Colonel Shahroud Mozafarinia, Major Hadi Taremi and Captain Vahid Zamanian.[5] The remaining five casualties were Iraqi members of the PMF: deputy leader Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, chief of protocol and public relations Muhammed Reza al-Jaberi,[44] Mohammad al-Shibani, Hassan Abdul Hadi and Heydar Ali.[45]

This is the first time U.S. forces took out a senior military officer of a foreign country after American pilots shot down the plane carrying Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto during the Second World War.[31]

Aftermath

Demonstrations in Iran over the death of Qasem Soleimani

Soleimani and al-Muhandis' deaths raised tensions between the United States and Iran. A spokesman for the Iranian government said the country's top security body would hold an extraordinary meeting shortly to discuss the "criminal act of attack".[46]

Global oil prices rose more than four percent in the wake of the strike,[46] pushing oil stocks (of BP and Royal Dutch Shell) on the London Stock Exchange up.[47] Arms company stocks (of Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon) also rose in the wake of the event.[48] U.S. equity futures and Asian stocks reversed their gains for the day and investors moved towards "safe haven" assets such as gold, treasury bonds, and the Japanese Yen.[49]

On 3 January 2020, the U.S. embassy in Baghdad urged Americans to leave Iraq immediately. The next day, Britain warned its nationals to avoid all travel to Iraq, outside the Kurdistan region, and to avoid all but essential travel to Iran.[50] Australia issued a similar warning advising its nationals to "leave Iraq as soon as possible."[51] On 5 January, Britain announced that its navy will accompany UK-flagged ships through the Strait of Hormuz.[52]

CNN reported that day after the Baghdad airport attack, another airstrike against a convoy of medical units of the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces in killing several people in Taji, north of Baghdad. It is not known who conducted the attack. Spokesman for Operation Inherent Resolve Colonel Myles B. Caggins III said the coalition did not do it while Iraq's Joint Operations Command denied any reports of such an attack.[53] The PMF later said there was no senior commander in the convoy and the Imam Ali Brigades denied the death of its leader.[54] The PMF also denied that any medical convoy was targeted at Taji.[55] The Iraqi military stated that an attack never occurred, and that it was simply a false rumor that spread quickly due to the prior airport strike.[53]

According France 24, targeted killing of Qasem Soleimani "has caused alarm around the world, amid fears that Iranian retaliation against American interests in the region could spiral into a far larger conflict."[56]

According to Reuters, some Iranians including Soleimani supporters fear that a war could break out at a time of economic hardship and widespread corruption. Some older Iranians recalled memories of the Iran-Iraq war.[57]

Funerals

On 4 January, the funeral procession for Soleimani, al-Muhandis, and the Iraqi and Iranian militants was held in Baghdad and attended by thousands of mourners, including Iraqi Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi,[58] who chanted "death to America, death to Israel" along with others in the crowd. The cortege began around Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, a Shiite holy site in Baghdad, before heading to the Green Zone government and diplomatic compound where a state funeral was held. From Baghdad, the procession moved to the Shia holy city of Karbala and on to Najaf, where al-Muhandis and the other Iraqis were buried, while the coffins of Soleimani and the Iranian nationals were sent to Iran.[59][60] Following the mourning procession in Baghdad,[61] unknown persons fired short range rockets towards the US embassy and at the US Balad Air Base injuring five Iraqi civilians.[62] The U.S. Central Command, which oversees operations in the Middle East, said no Americans were harmed due to the sporadic rocket attacks on January 4.[63]

The remains of Soleimani and the Iranian figures killed in the strike arrived in Ahvaz, Iran on 5 January. Iranian authorities plan to take Soleimani's body to Tehran and Qom on 6 January for public mourning processions, then onto his hometown of Kerman for final burial on 7 January.[64]

Reactions

Iran

File:Iran's supreme leader comforts Qasem Soleimani's relative.jpg
Ali Khamenei consoles the son of Soleimani

Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei declared three days of mourning,[65] and vowed to take "harsh revenge" against the U.S.[66][67][68] President Hassan Rouhani also said that Iran "will take revenge."[69] Former IRGC commander Mohsen Rezaee posted that "[Soleimani] joined his martyred brothers, but we will take vigorous revenge on America."[70]

Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif posted on Twitter that the attack was "an extremely dangerous and foolish escalation" and released a statement saying that "the brutality and stupidity of American terrorist forces in assassinating Commander Soleimani... will undoubtedly make the tree of resistance in the region and the world more prosperous."[70]

Iraq

Outgoing Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, calling it an assassination and stating that the strike was an act of aggression and a breach of Iraqi sovereignty which would lead to war in Iraq. He said the strike violated the agreement on the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq and that safeguards for Iraq's security and sovereignty should be met with legislation.[71] The media office of the Iraqi military's joint operations forces posted a photo of a destroyed vehicle on fire after the attack.[72] The speaker of Iraq's parliament Mohammed al Halbousi vowed to "put an end to U.S. presence" in Iraq.[73]

Muqtada al-Sadr, leader of the Sadrist Movement and the Saraya al-Salam militia, ordered his followers to "prepare to defend Iraq".[74][75]

United States

U.S. President Donald Trump delivers prepared remarks on the airstrikes, Mar-a-Lago, 3 January 2020.

President Trump tweeted pictures of the American flag shortly before the United States confirmed its responsibility for the attacks, at 3:00 am GMT on 3 January 2020 (6:00 am in Baghdad).[76] In a subsequent public statement he said he had authorized the strike because Soleimani was plotting "imminent and sinister attacks" on Americans. He added, "We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war."[77] On 4 January, Trump tweeted that 52 Iranian targets (representing the 52 American hostages in the 1979-81 Iran hostage crisis) had been selected if Iran retaliated against "any Americans, or American assets".[78][79]

On the day of the strike, U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo asserted the attack was ordered by Trump to disrupt an "imminent attack" by Soleimani operatives, although subsequent reports cast doubt on that rationale.[80][63][81] After the strike, Pompeo tweeted a video he said showed Iraqis celebrating Soleimani's death on the streets of Baghdad, although the video showed no more than 40 individuals among a crowd of thousands and the minor demonstration ended within two minutes.[82] In a tweet, former National Security Advisor John Bolton called the airstrike "a long in the making, decisive blow against Iran's malign Quds Force activities worldwide...Hope this is the first step to regime change in Tehran."[83] Vice President Mike Pence claimed without evidence that Soleimani was involved in the 9/11 attacks.[84][85]

Shortly after the attack, several planes with U.S. service members took off from bases in the eastern United States.[86] The following day, the United States Department of Defense announced the deployment of 3,500 members of the 82nd Airborne Division to the region.[87] Defense officials stated that the deployment was not related to the airstrike which killed Soleimani, but was instead a "precautionary action in response to increased threat levels against U.S. personnel and facilities".[88] On 4 January, the United States Department of Homeland Security said there was 'no specific, credible' threat to the U.S. but warned about Iranian capabilities.[89]

When asked about the possible responses that Iran could take to this action, former Deputy Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy said that the IRGC Quds Force has a worldwide reach and that targets would include American civilians, and that Iraq might decide to expel U.S. forces in their country.[90] Former Defense Secretary and CIA Director Leon Panetta warned that the US is closer to war with Iran than at any time in the last 40 years.[91]

Following the strike, the U.S. embassy in Baghdad urged Americans to leave Iraq immediately "via airline while possible, and failing that, to other countries via land."[92]

Domestic U.S. political reactions

American politicians reacted along party lines. Republicans generally supported the mission while Democrats were critical of Soleimani but opposed and questioned the wisdom of the attack.[93]

All of the candidates for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, political challengers to Trump, largely condemned the airstrike. Former Vice President Joe Biden warned of further escalation and said that Trump "just tossed a stick of dynamite into a tinderbox."[94] Senator Bernie Sanders said that "Trump's dangerous escalation brings us closer to another disastrous war in the Middle East that could cost countless lives and trillions more dollars."[94] Sanders, along with Representative Ro Khanna, announced that they would be introducing legislation to prevent the use of Pentagon funding for military action in Iran without Congressional approval.[95] Tim Kaine (D-VA), a member of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Affairs Committees, said, "Congress must act to stop President Trump from entangling America in yet another unnecessary war in the Middle East." In June 2019, Kaine had introduced a resolution to require Congressional authorization before going to war with Iran,[96] and on 3 January 2020 he introduced a similar resolution.[97] Kaine's counterpart, Mark Warner (D-VA) said it is not clear that the Trump administration has a clear plan to prevent another endless war in the Middle East.[96]

Representative Tulsi Gabbard called the airstrike an act of war by President Trump and a violation of the U.S. Constitution because the president does not have Congressional authorization for this act. Gabbard said the U.S.'s involvement in regime change in Iraq, Libya and Syria caused Iraq and Syria to seek support from Iran and thereby created the growing influence of Iran in Iraq and Syria, which the U.S. is now attempting to counter militarily.[98] Mayor Pete Buttigieg said the Trump administration must plan for possible consequences before taking action and that it must ensure its action is supported by its allies and take only actions that will benefit U.S. national interests and stability in the region.[99]

Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) criticized the airstrikes saying that it will increase tensions between the two countries.[100] Fox News's Tucker Carlson criticized the killing and "chest-beaters" who promote foreign interventions, particularly Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE). He asked, "By the way, if we're still in Afghanistan, 19 years, sad years, later, what makes us think there's a quick way out of Iran?"[101]

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio expressed strong concerns about potential retaliatory strikes,[102] putting the police department on high alert, including the potential of bag checks at subway stations and vehicle checks at tunnels and bridges.[103] Mayor Muriel Bowser of Washington, D.C. said she did not see any immediate threats, but she reminded citizens to report any suspicious activities.[104]

President of the Council on Foreign Relations, Richard Haass, called the airstrike potentially "the most significant development" in the region since the Iraq War, and called for the US to prepare for an Iranian retaliation.[105]

U.S. population

Anti-war rallies in more than 30 U.S. cities were set by Code Pink and the ANSWER Coalition for Saturday night, 4 January, asking the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.[106] Thousands marched in 70 cities across the country.[107]

The U.S. Selective Service System website crashed with many looking for information on draft requirements and exemptions. The agency attributed the crash to "the spread of misinformation."[108][109] The hashtags #World War III and #WWIII had been trending on social media, along with concerns that the military draft might be reinstated.[110]

Regional reactions

Saudi Arabia called for restraint and said the events in Iraq were the result of previous "terrorist acts".[111] The Saudi-backed government of Yemen praised the killing as an "important step to end conflict in the region",[112] while the Iran-backed Houthis condemned the attacks and called for "swift reprisals".[113][114] Other gulf countries such as the United Arab Emirates Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Anwar Gargash called for wisdom and political solutions over confrontation and escalation.[115] Bahrain also called for de-escalation.[116] Qatari foreign minister, Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani on a two-day visit to Tehran (3-4 January), said the situation is 'delicate and worrying' and called for easing tensions and calm.[117]

Syria's Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the “treacherous, criminal American aggression” that led to the killing of Soleimani, according to a statement released by news agency SANA.[118][119]

The Egyptian Foreign Ministry has appealed both Iran and the US to avoid any further escalation and was following developments in Iraq with great concern.[120]

Turkey believes that the air strike increases insecurity and instability in the region and is deeply concerned by the rising tensions between the United States and Iran.[121]

Israel

Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised the air strike, saying that Trump had acted "swiftly, forcefully and decisively." He affirmed Israel's alliance with the U.S., saying "Israel stands with the United States in its just struggle for peace, security and self-defense."[118][122][123]

Israel will convene its security cabinet on 5 January to discuss increased threats due to the killings. They have warned Hamas and other groups in Gaza Strip against responding. Hamas had earlier expressed "sincere condolences" to Iran’s leadership and praised Soleimini's support for the Palestinian struggle.[124]

Hamas, the de facto government of the Gaza Strip, sent condolences upon Soleimani's death and condemned the airstrikes.[125] On 4 January, hundreds in Gaza Strip, joined by leaders of Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad faction, mourned Soleimini's death. Israeli and American flags were placed on the ground for people to step on, and then the flags were burned.[126]

Global reactions

NATO temporarily suspended its training mission in Iraq on January 4. Spokesperson Dylan White said in an emailed statement, "The safety of our personnel in Iraq is paramount. We continue to take all precautions necessary."[127]

United Nations Secretary General António Guterres expressed concern over the escalation and called for leaders to "exercise maximum restraint".[128] Agnès Callamard, the United Nations special rapporteur on extra-judicial executions stated that the killing likely violated international human rights laws.[129] Also, Callamard described the U.S. statement as failing to mention the others who were killed alongside Soleimani. "Collateral? Probably. Unlawful? Absolutely," Callamard added.[130]

China, India, and Pakistan urged restraint in the wake of the attack and the United Kingdom encouraged all involved parties to react with caution, saying "further conflict is in none of our interests."[131][118][132] However, British foreign minister Dominic Raab noted that his government had "always recognized the aggressive threat posed by the Iranian Quds force."[133]

Germany advised that the Middle East has reached "a dangerous escalation point" and the conflict can only be resolved diplomatically.[118] German foreign minister Heiko Maas said that the airstrikes had not "made it easier to reduce tensions," but noted they "followed a series of dangerous Iranian provocations."[133] French deputy minister for foreign affairs, Amelie de Montchalin, told RTL radio, "We are waking up in a more dangerous world. Military escalation is always dangerous."[133] Italy cautioned that the rising tension could fuel further "terrorism and violent extremism." However, opposition leader Matteo Salvini applauded the killing of Soleimani, whom he called, "one of the most dangerous and pitiless men in the world, an Islamic terrorist, an enemy of the West, of Israel, of rights and of freedoms."[133]

Venezuela,[134] and Russia[135] condemned the air strike with Russia's saying that it believed the incident will raise Middle East tensions.[136] Venezuelan National Assembly and disputed interim president Juan Guaidó said that Soleimani "led a criminal and terrorist structure in Iran that for years caused pain to his people and destabilized the Middle East, just as Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis did with Hezbollah." Guaidó also accused Nicolás Maduro of allowing him and his Quds Forces to incorporate their sanctioned banks and companies in Venezuela.[137]

Canada urged restraint and de-escalation of the tensions, but it also said it has long been concerned by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Force, led by Soleimani, whose "aggressive actions have had a destabilizing effect in the region and beyond."[138]

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro said that a war between the two countries would be "the end of humanity" and distanced himself from the U.S. president.[139] Subsequently the Brazil's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in a communiqué, assumed his "support for the fight against the scourge of terrorism..."[140][141]

On 4 January 2020, Argentine President Alberto Fernández ordered the Armed Forces to secure the borders and reinforced security at the main airports, the American airliners and the U.S. embassy in response to the operation.[142]

The exiled Iranian militant group, the People's Mojahedin of Iran, welcomed the killing of Soleimani. Its leader Maryam Rajavi stated that the killing is an "irreparable blow for the regime of the mullahs" while she accused Soleimani of being "one of the biggest criminals in Iran's history" and "personally implicated in the massacre of thousands of people in the region."[143]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Ghattas, Kim (3 January 2020). "Qassem Soleimani Haunted the Arab World". The Atlantic.
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&diff=prev&oldid=934206052

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