m r2.7.1) (Robot: Adding fr:Frederick G. Creed |
back to english version (after transfert to wiki:fr) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Frederick George Creed''' (1871–1957) was a [[Canada|Canadian]] inventor, who worked in the field of telecommunications, and played an early role in the development of [[SWATH]] vessels, The [[CCGS Frederick G. Creed|CCGS ''Frederick G. Creed'']], a SWATH vessel, is named after him. |
|||
Proposition d'édition française |
|||
==Career== |
|||
Frédérick George Creed (1871-1957) fut un inventeur canadien, qui a travaillé dans le domaine des télécommunications, et a joué un rôle précoce dans le développement de vaisseaux Swath – Small Waterplane Aera Twin Hull – le NGCC Frédérick G Creed, un navire canadien, a été baptisé ainsi en son hommage. |
|||
Creed was born in [[Mill Village, Nova Scotia]], and at the age of 15 began his working life as a check boy for [[Western Union]] in [[Canso]], where he taught himself cable and landline telegraphy. He then worked for the Central and South American Telegraph and Cable Company in [[Peru]] and [[Chile]]. Working in the company’s office in Iquique, Chile, he became tired of using hand-operated Morse keys and Wheatstone tape punches, and came up with the idea of a typewriter-style machine that would allow the operator to punch Morse code signals on to paper tape simply by pressing the appropriate character key. |
|||
Creed quit his job and moved to [[Glasgow]], Scotland, where he began work in an old shed. Using an old typewriter bought from the [[Sauchiehall Street]] market, he created his first keyboard perforator, which used compressed air to punch the holes. He also created a reperforator (receiving perforator) and a printer. The reperforator punched incoming Morse signals on to paper tape and the printer decoded this tape to produce alphanumeric characters on plain paper. This was the origin of the Creed High Speed Automatic Printing System. |
|||
Carrière |
|||
Although told by [[Lord Kelvin]] that "there is no future in that idea", Creed managed to secure an order for 12 machines from the British Post Office in 1902. He opened a small factory in Glasgow in 1904 and in 1909 moved along with 6 of his mechanics to [[South Croydon]]. |
|||
Creed est né à Mill Village en Nouvelle-Écosse et à l'âge de 15 ans a débuté sa vie professionnelle comme télégraphiste à la Western Union à Canso, où il a enseigné lui-même le câble et la télégraphie filaire. Il a ensuite travaillé pour la Central and Sud American Telegraph and Cable Company, au Pérou et au Chili. En travaillant dans le bureau de l'entreprise à Iquique, au Chili, il s'est lassé d'utiliser le morse et les bandes perforés de Wheatstone, seules technologies à l'époque, il a eu l'idée d'une machine à écrire spécialisée qui permettrait à l'opérateur de transcrire les bandes perforées classique en caractères alphanumériques. |
|||
Creed quitta son emploi et déménagea à Glasgow, en Écosse, où il construisit le prototype de son invention dans un vieux hangar, en utilisant une vieille machine à écrire achetée au marché de Sauchiehall Street, il a ainsi créé son premier clavier perforateur, l'air comprimé servait à percer les trous. Il a également créé un "reperforator" – perforateur de réception – et une imprimante. Celui-ci décodait les signaux morse entrants sur bande papier et grâce à l'imprimante les reproduisait en caractères alphanumériques sur papier ordinaire. Ainsi débuta l'ère du "Creed High Speed Automatic Printing System", Système Creed d'impression automatique à grande vitesse. |
|||
Bien que Lord Kelvin prétendit "qu'il n'y avait pas d'avenir dans cette idée", Creed réussit à obtenir une commande de 12 machines de la Poste britannique en 1902. Il ouvrit une petite usine à Glasgow en 1904 et en 1909 il partit avec six de ses mécaniciens pour en fonder une autre à South Croydon. |
|||
En 1912, en collaboration avec l'ingénieur télégraphiste danois Harald Bille qui devint son Directeur général, il fonda la Creed, Bille & Company Ltd. Qui devint tout simplement Creed & Company après la mort de Bille dans un accident de chemin de fer en 1916. |
|||
L'invention de Creed reçut une impulsion majeure cette même année lorsque le journal Daily Mail l'adopta pour la transmission quotidienne de tout le contenu de son journal de Londres à Manchester. |
|||
En 1913, les premières expériences avaient été faites en télégraphie à grande vitesse par transmission radio entre l'usine et la maison de Creed à Croydon distantes d'environ 5 kilomètres. Le déclenchement de la Première guerre mondiale en 1914 déplaça les activités de l'entreprise vers l'équipement militaire. |
|||
En 1915, avec une production en constante progression, les locaux initiaux de l'entreprise se révélèrent insuffisants et Creed en fit construire d'autres à East Croydon. Pendant la durée de la Première guerre mondiale l'entreprise produisit des instruments haut de gamme, malgré des pôles de fabrication très limités au Royaume-Uni. Parmi les pièces produites figurent des amplificateurs, des émetteurs électromagnétiques, des boussoles d'avions, des générateurs haute tension, des stabilisateurs de bombe et des fusibles pour les obus d'artillerie et les bombes. |
|||
Après la guerre, en 1920, la Press Association, l'Association de la presse, mis en place un réseau d'informations en utilisant plusieurs centaines de téléscripteurs Creed pour desservir pratiquement tous les journaux du Royaume-Uni, et pendant de nombreuses années il a été le plus grand réseau privé de téléscripteurs au Monde. D'autres entreprises ont emboîté le pas en Australie, Danemark, Inde, Afrique du Sud et Suède. |
|||
En 1924, Creed est entré sur le marché grâce au téléscripteur 1P, qui fut bientôt remplacé par le 2P, nouveau modèle amélioré. En 1925, Creed acquit les brevets du Code Donald Murray, un Code Baudot rationalisé qui a été utilisé pour les téléscripteurs nouvelle génération de 1927. Cette machine pouvait recevoir des messages directement imprimés sur bande de papier gommé à un taux de 65 mots par minute et a été le premier téléscripteur à entrer dans la production industrielle. |
|||
En juillet 1928 Creed & Company devint une filiale de la IT & T, et Creed prit sa retraite en 1930, reportant son attention sur d'autres projets qui eurent moins de succès, parmi lesquels un bateau à double coques Seadrome et un bateau insubmersible. |
|||
Il mourut à son domicile de Croydon en 1957, à l'âge de 86 ans, sans avoir pu voir la réalisation de son remarquable bateau catamaran. Pendant six mille ans les navigateurs du Monde entier ont utilisés la coque unique – si l'on excepte les pirogues à balancier des iles polynésiennes – Creed a inventé un bateau à double coques — possédant chacune son moteur — qui a la meilleure tenue en grosse mer au Monde, chaque marin qui a navigué un jour sur le Frédérick Creed ou le Kilo Moana – pour ne citer que les plus célèbres – ne rêve qu'à une chose y revenir. |
|||
In 1912, working with Danish telegraph engineer Harald Bille, Creed established Creed, Bille & Company Ltd., with Bille as managing director. After Bille's death in a railway accident in 1916, his name was dropped from the company's title and it became simply [[Creed & Company]]. |
|||
Mémorial |
|||
Une plaque commémorative est apposée sur la façade de la maison où il vécut et mourut au N° 20 Outram Road à Addiscombe, East Croydon.146 |
|||
Creed's system received a major boost that same year when the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' newspaper adopted it for daily transmission of the entire contents of its newspaper from London to Manchester. In 1913, the first experiments were made in high-speed telegraphy by radio transmission between the Croydon factory and Creed's home about {{convert|5|km|mi}} away. However, the outbreak of [[World War I]] in 1914 diverted the company's activities to military equipment. |
|||
Voir aussi : |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
In 1915, with production continually expanding, the company found its original premises inadequate and moved to [[East Croydon]]. It spent most of World War I producing high-quality instruments, manufacturing facilities for which were very limited in the UK. Among the items produced were amplifiers, [[spark-gap transmitter]]s, aircraft compasses, high-voltage generators, bomb release apparatus, and fuses for [[Shell (projectile)|artillery shells]] and [[bomb]]s. |
|||
Références : |
|||
• Huurdeman, Anton A. (2003). The Worldwide History of Telecommunications. Wiley-IEEE. pp. 303–304. ISBN 0471205052. |
|||
Following the War, in 1920 the [[Press Association]] set up a private news network using several hundred Creed teleprinters to serve practically every daily morning newspaper in the UK and for many years was the world's largest private teleprinter network. Other companies followed suit in Australia, Denmark, India, South Africa, and Sweden. |
|||
Liens externes : |
|||
• A nova scotian's contribution to data communications technology ; |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
• History of Nova Scotia birth of FG Creed. |
|||
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_G._Creed |
|||
In 1924 Creed entered the teleprinter field with their Model 1P, which was soon superseded by the improved Model 2P. In 1925 Creed acquired the patents for Donald Murray's [[Baudot code#Murray code|Murray code]], a rationalised Baudot code, and it was used for their new Model 3 Tape Teleprinter of 1927. This machine printed received messages directly on to [[adhesive tape#Water activated tape|gummed paper tape]] at a rate of 65 words per minute and was the first combined start-stop transmitter-receiver teleprinter from Creed to enter mass production. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
In July 1928 Creed & Company became part of [[IT&T]] and Creed retired in 1930, turning his attention to other less successful projects, including a mid-Atlantic "Sea Drome" and an unsinkable boat. He died at his home in Croydon in 1957 at the age of 86. |
|||
==Memorials== |
|||
On No.20 Outram Road in [[Addiscombe]], East Croydon, there is a [[blue plaque]] where he lived and died.<ref>http://www.powell-pressburger.org/BluePlaques.html</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==Notes== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
==References== |
|||
*{{cite book | last = Huurdeman | first = Anton A. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Worldwide History of Telecommunications | publisher = Wiley-IEEE | date = 2003 | location = | pages = 303–304 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0471205052}} |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://collections.ic.gc.ca/canso/story/creed.htm A Nova Scotian's Contribution to Data Communications Technology] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
* [http://www.alts.net/ns1625/nshist11.html History of Nova Scotia Birth of F.G. Creed] |
|||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
|||
| NAME = Creed, Frederick G. |
|||
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
|||
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = |
|||
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1871 |
|||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
|||
| DATE OF DEATH = 1957 |
|||
| PLACE OF DEATH = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Creed, Frederick G.}} |
|||
[[Category:1871 births]] |
|||
[[Category:1957 deaths]] |
|||
[[Category:Canadian inventors]] |
|||
[[Category:Canadian people of Irish descent]] |
|||
[[Category:People from Queens County, Nova Scotia]] |
|||
{{Canada-engineer-stub}} |
|||
[[de:Frederick George Creed]] |
|||
[[no:Frederick George Creed]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[sv:Frederick George Creed]] |
|||
Revision as of 18:15, 15 January 2012
Frederick George Creed (1871–1957) was a Canadian inventor, who worked in the field of telecommunications, and played an early role in the development of SWATH vessels, The CCGS Frederick G. Creed, a SWATH vessel, is named after him.
Career
Creed was born in Mill Village, Nova Scotia, and at the age of 15 began his working life as a check boy for Western Union in Canso, where he taught himself cable and landline telegraphy. He then worked for the Central and South American Telegraph and Cable Company in Peru and Chile. Working in the company’s office in Iquique, Chile, he became tired of using hand-operated Morse keys and Wheatstone tape punches, and came up with the idea of a typewriter-style machine that would allow the operator to punch Morse code signals on to paper tape simply by pressing the appropriate character key.
Creed quit his job and moved to Glasgow, Scotland, where he began work in an old shed. Using an old typewriter bought from the Sauchiehall Street market, he created his first keyboard perforator, which used compressed air to punch the holes. He also created a reperforator (receiving perforator) and a printer. The reperforator punched incoming Morse signals on to paper tape and the printer decoded this tape to produce alphanumeric characters on plain paper. This was the origin of the Creed High Speed Automatic Printing System.
Although told by Lord Kelvin that "there is no future in that idea", Creed managed to secure an order for 12 machines from the British Post Office in 1902. He opened a small factory in Glasgow in 1904 and in 1909 moved along with 6 of his mechanics to South Croydon.
In 1912, working with Danish telegraph engineer Harald Bille, Creed established Creed, Bille & Company Ltd., with Bille as managing director. After Bille's death in a railway accident in 1916, his name was dropped from the company's title and it became simply Creed & Company.
Creed's system received a major boost that same year when the Daily Mail newspaper adopted it for daily transmission of the entire contents of its newspaper from London to Manchester. In 1913, the first experiments were made in high-speed telegraphy by radio transmission between the Croydon factory and Creed's home about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away. However, the outbreak of World War I in 1914 diverted the company's activities to military equipment.
In 1915, with production continually expanding, the company found its original premises inadequate and moved to East Croydon. It spent most of World War I producing high-quality instruments, manufacturing facilities for which were very limited in the UK. Among the items produced were amplifiers, spark-gap transmitters, aircraft compasses, high-voltage generators, bomb release apparatus, and fuses for artillery shells and bombs.
Following the War, in 1920 the Press Association set up a private news network using several hundred Creed teleprinters to serve practically every daily morning newspaper in the UK and for many years was the world's largest private teleprinter network. Other companies followed suit in Australia, Denmark, India, South Africa, and Sweden.
In 1924 Creed entered the teleprinter field with their Model 1P, which was soon superseded by the improved Model 2P. In 1925 Creed acquired the patents for Donald Murray's Murray code, a rationalised Baudot code, and it was used for their new Model 3 Tape Teleprinter of 1927. This machine printed received messages directly on to gummed paper tape at a rate of 65 words per minute and was the first combined start-stop transmitter-receiver teleprinter from Creed to enter mass production.
In July 1928 Creed & Company became part of IT&T and Creed retired in 1930, turning his attention to other less successful projects, including a mid-Atlantic "Sea Drome" and an unsinkable boat. He died at his home in Croydon in 1957 at the age of 86.
Memorials
On No.20 Outram Road in Addiscombe, East Croydon, there is a blue plaque where he lived and died.[1]
See also
Notes
References
- Huurdeman, Anton A. (2003). The Worldwide History of Telecommunications. Wiley-IEEE. pp. 303–304. ISBN 0471205052.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
External links
- A Nova Scotian's Contribution to Data Communications Technology
- A brief chronology of SWATH history
- History of Nova Scotia Birth of F.G. Creed