Cannabis Ruderalis

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Divided article into sections. Expanded list of selected species and added former species of genus.
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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|image = BasilikumGenovesergroßblättriger.jpg
|image = BasilikumGenovesergroßblättriger.jpg
|image_caption = ''Ocimum basilicum''
|image_caption = ''[[Basil|Ocimum basilicum]]''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
|familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Nepetoideae]]
|tribus = [[Ocimeae]]
|genus = '''''Ocimum'''''
|genus = '''''Ocimum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?8358 |title=Genus: ''Ocimum'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2004-09-10 |accessdate=2014-01-03}}</ref>
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
⚫
|synonyms = ''Becium''
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = About 35 species, including:
|subdivision = About 35 species, including:
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*''[[African blue basil|Ocimum kilimandscharicum]]''
*''[[African blue basil|Ocimum kilimandscharicum]]''
*''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum]]''
*''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum]]''
⚫
|synonyms = ''Becium'' <small>Lindl.</small><br>
''Erythrochlamys'' <small>Gürke</small><ref name="GRIN"/>
}}
}}


'''''Ocimum''''' is a genus of about 35 species of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family [[Lamiaceae]], mostly native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Old World]].
'''''Ocimum''''' is a genus of about 35 species of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family [[Lamiaceae]], mostly native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of the [[Old World]].


==Cultivation and uses==
Some species include:
Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of ''[[Basil|Ocimum basilicum]]'' and there are many hybrids between species. [[Thai basil]] (''O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora'') is a common ingredient in [[Thai cuisine]], with a strong flavour similar to [[aniseed]], used to flavour [[Thai curry|Thai curries]] and stir-fries. Amazonian basil (''[[Ocimum campechianum|O. campechianum]]'') is a South American variety often utilized in [[ayahuasca]] rituals for its smell which is said to help avoid bad visions.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=John J. |last=Steele |title=Perfumeros and the Sacred Use of Fragrance in Amazonian Shamanism |encyclopedia=The Smell Culture Reader |editor=Jim Drobnick |publisher=Berg Publishers |year=2006 |page=230}}</ref> Holy Basil or Tulsi (''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum|O. tenuiflorum]]'') is a sacred herb in [[India]], used in teas, healing remedies, and cosmetics. The plant is worshiped as dear to [[Vishnu]] in some sects of [[Vaishnavism]]. It is also used in Thai cooking. [[Lemon Basil]] (''Ocimum × citriodorum'') is a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] between ''O. americanum'' and ''O. basilicum''. It is noted for its [[lemon]] flavour and used in cooking. ''[[Ocimum centraliafricanum|O. centraliafricanum]]'' is valued as an [[indicator species]] for the presence of copper deposits.


==Selected species==
*''[[Ocimum americanum]]'' (syn. ''O. canum'') is a native of tropical [[Africa]].
*''[[Ocimum americanum]]'' <small>L.</small> (tropical ([[Africa]])
*''[[Basil|Ocimum basilicum]]'', or sweet basil, a culinary herb. Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of this species and there are many hybrids between species.
*''[[Basil|Ocimum basilicum]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; Basil, Sweet basil
**''O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora'', or [[Thai basil]], is a common ingredient in [[Thai cuisine]], with a strong flavour similar to [[aniseed]], used to flavour [[Thai curry|Thai curries]] and stir-fries.
**[[Thai basil|''Ocimum basilicum'' var. ''thyrsiflora'']] &ndash; Thai basil
*''[[Ocimum campechianum]]'', or Amazonian basil, is a South American variety often utilized in [[ayahuasca]] rituals for its smell which is said to help avoid bad visions.<ref>Steele, John J., "Perfumeros and the Sacred Use of Fragrance in Amazonian Shamanism." The Smell Culture Reader, edited by Jim Drobnick. Berg Publishers 2006, p. 230.</ref>
*''[[Ocimum campechianum]]'' <small>Mill.</small> &ndash; Amazonian basil
*''[[Ocimum centraliafricanum]]'', known for growing in soil so rich in copper that nothing else can survive.
*''[[Ocimum centraliafricanum]]'' <small>R.E.Fr</small>
*''[[Ocimum gratissimum]]'', also known as African basil, or Wild basil in [[Hawaii]], where it has naturalized.
*''[[Ocimum gratissimum]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; African basil
*''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum]]'' (syn. ''O. sanctum''), commonly called Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a sacred herb in [[India]], used in teas, healing remedies, and cosmetics. The plant is worshiped as dear to [[Vishnu]] in some sects of [[Vaishnavism]]. It is also used in Thai cooking.
*''[[Ocimum kilimandscharicum]]'' <small>Baker ex Gürke</small> &ndash; Camphor basil
*''[[Ocimum minimum]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Ocimum ovatum]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Ocimum selloi]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''[[Ocimum tenuiflorum]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; Holy Basil, Tulsi<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8358 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Ocimum'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2014-01-03}}</ref>


Hybrids:
===Hybrids===
*''[[Lemon basil|Ocimum × citriodorum]]'' (''O. americanum'' × ''O. basilicum'') &ndash; Lemon basil
⚫
*''Ocimum kilimandscharicum'' × ''basilicum'' '[[Dark opal basil|Dark Opal]]' &ndash; [[African blue basil]]


===Formerly placed here===
*''Ocimum × citriodorum'', or [[Lemon Basil]], a [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] between ''O. americanum'' and ''O. basilicum'', is noted for its [[lemon]] flavour and used in cooking.
*''[[Basilicum polystachyon]]'' <small>(L.) Moench</small> (as ''O. polystachyon'' <small>L.</small>)
⚫
*''Ocimum kilimandscharicum'' × ''basilicum'' '[[Dark opal basil|Dark Opal]]'
*''[[Isodon inflexus]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Kudô</small> (as ''O. inflexum'' <small>Thunb.</small>)
*''[[Frankenia salina]]'' <small>(Molina) I.M.Johnst.</small> (as ''O. salinum'' <small>Molina</small>)
*''[[Mosla scabra]]'' <small>(Thunb.) C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li</small> (as ''O. punctulatum'' <small>J.F.Gmel.</small> and ''O. scabrum'' <small>Thunb.</small>)
*''[[Orthosiphon aristatus]]'' <small>(Blume) Miq.</small> (as ''O. aristatum'' <small>Blume</small>)
*[[Perilla frutescens|''Perilla frutescens'' var. ''crispa'']] <small>(Thunb.) W.Deane</small> (as ''O. crispum'' <small>Thunb.</small>)
*[[Perilla frutescens|''Perilla frutescens'' var. ''frutescens'']] (as ''O. frutescens'' <small>L.</small>)
*''[[Plectranthus scutellarioides]]'' <small>(L.) R.Br.</small> (as ''O. scutellarioides'' <small>L.</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies"/>


==Ecology==
==Ecology==

''Ocimum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita|Endoclita malabaricus]]''.
''Ocimum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita|Endoclita malabaricus]]''.


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==References==
==References==
{{Commons category|Ocimum}}
{{wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Commons category|Ocimum}}
[[Category:Ocimum| ]]

[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]

Revision as of 17:26, 3 January 2014

Ocimum
Ocimum basilicum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Lamiaceae
Subfamily:
Nepetoideae
Tribe:
Ocimeae
Genus:
Ocimum

Species

About 35 species, including:

Synonyms

Becium Lindl.
Erythrochlamys Gürke[1]

Ocimum is a genus of about 35 species of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, mostly native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World.

Cultivation and uses

Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of Ocimum basilicum and there are many hybrids between species. Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora) is a common ingredient in Thai cuisine, with a strong flavour similar to aniseed, used to flavour Thai curries and stir-fries. Amazonian basil (O. campechianum) is a South American variety often utilized in ayahuasca rituals for its smell which is said to help avoid bad visions.[2] Holy Basil or Tulsi (O. tenuiflorum) is a sacred herb in India, used in teas, healing remedies, and cosmetics. The plant is worshiped as dear to Vishnu in some sects of Vaishnavism. It is also used in Thai cooking. Lemon Basil (Ocimum × citriodorum) is a hybrid between O. americanum and O. basilicum. It is noted for its lemon flavour and used in cooking. O. centraliafricanum is valued as an indicator species for the presence of copper deposits.

Selected species

Hybrids

Formerly placed here

Ecology

Ocimum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Genus: Ocimum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-09-10. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
  2. ^ Steele, John J. (2006). "Perfumeros and the Sacred Use of Fragrance in Amazonian Shamanism". In Jim Drobnick (ed.). The Smell Culture Reader. Berg Publishers. p. 230.
  3. ^ a b "GRIN Species Records of Ocimum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2014-01-03.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=589003743

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