Grade II race | |
Location | Fair Grounds Race Course New Orleans, Louisiana |
---|---|
Inaugurated | 1973 (as Louisiana Derby Trial) |
Race type | Thoroughbred - Flat racing |
Website | Fair Grounds |
Race information | |
Distance | 1+1⁄8 miles (9 furlongs) |
Surface | Dirt |
Track | left-handed |
Qualification | Three-year-olds |
Weight | 122 lbs |
Purse | $400,000 (since 2013) |
Bonuses | Qualification points – Road to the Kentucky Derby |
The Risen Star Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old horses at a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the dirt run annually in February, usually during the President's Day weekend at Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event currently offers a purse of $400,000.
History
[edit]The event was inaugurated 16 March 1973 as the Louisiana Derby Trial with handicap conditions over a distance of one mile and forty yards with the Indiana bred colt Navajo victorious by one length over Smooth Dancer with Assagai Jr. in third place.[1] The time run by the winner was 1:40 flat. Navajo received free entry into the Louisiana Derby and finished second to Leo's Pisces. Later that year Navajo ran in the Kentucky Derby and finished seventh to Secretariat.
The event as a trial race immediately became a major prep for the Louisiana Derby.
In 1975 the event was increased to 1+1⁄16 miles and was won by Master Derby.[2] Master Derby followed up winning the Louisiana Derby. Later in his Triple Crown campaign, Master Derby was victorious in the Preakness.
The event was shortened back to its inaugural distance in 1988 of 1 mile and 40 yards.[3] The event that year was won by Risen Star who went on to win the Preakness and Belmont Stakes and be voted the 1988 Eclipse Award for American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse. The following year the track renamed the event in honor of Risen Star to the Risen Star Stakes.
In 1991 the distance of the event was increased to 1+1⁄16 miles[3] and in 2002 the American Graded Stakes Committee upgraded the race to Grade III.[3] The event was upgraded once more in 2010 to Grade II.[4]
The Risen Star Stakes was run in two divisions in 1989, 1993, 1995 and 2020.[5]
No winner of the Risen Star Stakes has gone on to win the Kentucky Derby. However, two runners who have run in the event have gone on to win the Run for the Roses. War Emblem finished sixth at Fair Grounds before winning at Churchill Downs in 2002. Country House was second in the Risen Star before crossing second in the 2019 Kentucky Derby, only to be promoted after first-place finisher Maximum Security was disqualified by Kentucky stewards for interference. The Risen Star also has produced two winners of the second leg of the American Triple Crown: Master Derby (1975) and War of Will (2019). It has also produced two winners of the Breeders' Cup Classic: Gun Runner and Mucho Macho Man.[6]
The event is part of the Road to the Kentucky Derby.
Records
[edit]Speed record:
- 1+1⁄8 miles – 1:49.03 Epicenter (2022)
- 1+1⁄16 miles – 1:42.80 Zarbs Magic (1996)
- 1 mile and 40 yards – 1:39.80 Heavy Mayonnaise (1974)
Margins:
- 10 lengths – Badge of Silver (2003)
Most wins by a jockey:
- 3 - Shane P. Romero (1988, 1989, 1992)
- 3 - Robby Albarado (2003, 2004, 2007)
- 3 - Florent Geroux (2016, 2020, 2021)
Most wins by a trainer:
- 3 - Neil J. Howard (1992, 1998, 2004)
- 3 - Todd A. Pletcher (2010, 2012, 2014)
- 3 - D. Wayne Lukas (1997, 2000, 2018)
- 3 - Steve Asmussen (2008, 2016, 2022)
- 3 - Brad H. Cox (2020, 2021, 2023)
Most wins by an owner:
- 3 - William S. Farish III (1992, 1998, 2004)
- 3 - Winchell Thoroughbreds (2008, 2016, 2022)
Risen Star Stakes – Louisiana Derby double:
- Master Derby †(1975), Taylor's Special †(1984), Risen Star †(1988), Dispersal (1989), Line in the Sand (1992), Dixieland Heat (1993), Comic Strip (1998), Pyro (2008), Friesan Fire (2009), International Star (2015), Gun Runner (2016), Girvin (2017), Epicenter (2022)
Notes:
† Risen Star Stakes was known as the Louisiana Derby Trial.
Winners
[edit]Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Distance | Time | Purse | Grade | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At Fair Grounds – Risen Star Stakes | ||||||||||
2024 | Sierra Leone | Tyler Gaffalione | Chad C. Brown | Derrick Smith, Mrs. John Magnier, Michael Tabor, Westerburg, Brook T. Smith & Peter Brant | 1+1⁄8 miles | 1:52.13 | $400,000 | II | [7] | |
2023 | Angel of Empire | Luis Saez | Brad H. Cox | Albaugh Family Stables | 1+1⁄8 miles | 1:51.47 | $400,000 | II | [8] | |
2022 | Epicenter | Joel Rosario | Steven M. Asmussen | Winchell Thoroughbreds | 1+1⁄8 miles | 1:49.03 | $400,000 | II | [9] | |
2021 | Mandaloun | Florent Geroux | Brad H. Cox | Juddmonte Farms | 1+1⁄8 miles | 1:50.39 | $400,000 | II | [10] | |
2020 | Mr. Monomoy | Florent Geroux | Brad H. Cox | Madaket Stables, Michael Dubb & Doheny Racing | 1+1⁄8 miles | 1:50.43 | $400,000 | II | Division 1[11] | |
Modernist | Junior Alvarado | William I. Mott | Pam & Martin Wygod | 1:51.28 | $400,000 | Division 2[12] | ||||
2019 | War of Will | Tyler Gaffalione | Mark E. Casse | Gary Barber | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.59 | $400,000 | II | [13] | |
2018 | Bravazo | Miguel Mena | D. Wayne Lukas | Calumet Farm | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:42.95 | $400,000 | II | [14] | |
2017 | Girvin | Brian Hernandez Jr. | Joe Sharp | Brad Grady | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.08 | $400,000 | II | [15] | |
2016 | Gun Runner | Florent Geroux | Steven M. Asmussen | Winchell Thoroughbreds & Three Chimneys Farm | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.94 | $400,000 | II | [16] | |
2015 | International Star | Miguel Mena | Michael J. Maker | Kenneth & Sarah Ramsey | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.82 | $400,000 | II | [17] | |
2014 | Intense Holiday | Mike E. Smith | Todd A. Pletcher | Starlight Racing | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.86 | $400,000 | II | [18] | |
2013 | Ive Struck a Nerve | James Graham | J. Keith Desormeaux | Big Chief Racing | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.52 | $400,000 | II | [19] | |
2012 | El Padrino | Javier Castellano | Todd A. Pletcher | Let's Go Stable | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:42.96 | $300,000 | II | [20] | |
2011 | Mucho Macho Man | Rajiv Maragh | Katherine Ritvo | Reeves Thoroughbred Racing & Dream Team One Racing Stable | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.98 | $300,000 | II | [21] | |
2010 | Discreetly Mine | Javier Castellano | Todd A. Pletcher | E. Paul Robsham Stables | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.88 | $300,000 | II | [22] | |
2009 | Friesan Fire | Gabriel Saez | J. Larry Jones | Fox Hill Farms & Vinery Stables | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.11 | $200,000 | III | [23] | |
2008 | Pyro | Shaun Bridgmohan | Steven M. Asmussen | Winchell Thoroughbreds | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.68 | $300,000 | III | [24] | |
2007 | Notional | Robby Albarado | Doug F. O'Neill | J. Paul Reddam | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.18 | $300,000 | III | [25] | |
At Louisiana Downs | ||||||||||
2006 | Lawyer Ron | John McKee | Robert E. Holthus | James T. Hines, Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.13 | $268,000 | III | [26] | |
At Fair Grounds | ||||||||||
2005 | Scipion | Gary L. Stevens | Patrick L. Biancone | Virginia Kraft Payson | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.54 | $150,000 | III | [27] | |
2004 | Gradepoint | Robby Albarado | Neil J. Howard | Mt. Brilliant Stable & William S. Farish III | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.36 | $150,000 | III | [28] | |
2003 | Badge of Silver | Robby Albarado | Ronny W. Werner | Kenneth & Sarah Ramsey | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:42.99 | $150,000 | III | [29] | |
2002 | Repent | Anthony J. D'Amico | Kenneth G. McPeek | Select Stable | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.86 | $150,000 | III | [30] | |
2001 | Dollar Bill | Chris McCarron | Dallas Stewart | Gary & Mary West Stables | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.45 | $125,000 | Listed | [31] | |
2000 | Exchange Rate | Corey Nakatani | D. Wayne Lukas | Padua Stables & Anne Sanan | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.25 | $125,000 | Listed | [32] | |
1999 | Ecton Park | Shane Sellers | W. Elliott Walden | Mark H. Stanley | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.83 | $125,000 | Listed | [33] | |
1998 | Comic Strip | Shane Sellers | Neil J. Howard | James Elkins, William S. Farish III & G. Watts Humphrey Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.20 | $125,000 | Listed | [34] | |
1997 | Open Forum | Donna M. Barton | D. Wayne Lukas | Robert & Beverly Lewis | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.20 | $100,000 | Listed | [35] | |
1996 | Zarb's Magic | Elvis Joseph Perrodin | W. Bret Thomas | Foxwood Plantation | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:42.80 | $63,250 | Listed | [36] | |
1995 | Knockadoon | Willie Martinez | Anthony L. Reinstedler | William K. Warren, Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.22 | $53,137 | Listed | Division 1[37] | |
Beavers Nose | Kenneth Bourque | Eldridge Hebert Jr. | R. W. Raymond & D. O. Philips | 1:45.44 | $52,987 | Division 2[38] | ||||
1994 | Fly Cry | Ronald D. Ardoin | Thomas M. Amoss | Al Prats & Bryan Wagner | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.02 | $51,923 | Listed | [39] | |
1993 | Dixieland Heat | Randy Romero | Gerald J. Romero | Leland Cook | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.20 | $26,800 | Listed | Division 1[40] | |
Dry Bean | Aaron Gryder | Thomas K. Bohannan | Loblolly Stable | 1:43.80 | $26,800 | Division 2[41] | ||||
1992 | Line in the Sand | Shane P. Romero | Neil J. Howard | William S. Farish III | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.00 | $32,725 | [42] | ||
1991 | Big Courage | Tammy Lee Fox | William I. Fox Sr. | Mrs. Patsy Fox | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:46.70 | $32,050 | [43] | ||
1990 | Genuine Meaning | John Hirdes | Ronnie G. Tenhundfeld | Robert Asaro | 1 mile & 40 yards | 1:40.80 | $27,900 | [44] | ||
1989 | Nooo Problema | Shane P. Romero | Donald R. Winfree | Mr. & Mrs. John H. Reed | 1 mile & 40 yards | 1:42.20 | $20,000 | Division 1[45] | ||
Dispersal | Bobby J. Walker Jr. | Bud Delp | Harry & Tom Meyerhoff | 1:42.80 | $20,000 | Division 2[46] | ||||
Louisiana Derby Trial Stakes | ||||||||||
1988 | Risen Star | Shane P. Romero | Louie J. Roussel III | Louie J. Roussel III | 1 mile & 40 yards | 1:40.00 | $20,000 | [47] | ||
1987 | Authentic Hero | Larry Melancon | Donald R. Winfree | James J. Devaney | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:48.00 | $25,000 | [48] | ||
1986 | Dr. Bee Jay | Ricky Frazier | Tommie T. Morgan | Jimmy Clary & Tommie T. Morgan | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.40 | $30,000 | [49] | ||
1985 | Mischiefinmind | Ronald Ardoin | Gerald J. Romero | Gerald J. Romero | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.80 | $25,000 | [50] | ||
1984 | Taylor's Special | Randy Romero | William I. Mott | William F. Lucas | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.00 | $25,000 | [51] | ||
1983 | Explosive Wagon | Charlie Mueller | Gene C. Norman | Mrs. Peggy McReynolds | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:43.80 | $25,000 | [52] | ||
1982 | Linkage | Greg Smith | Henry S. Clark | Mrs. Harry W. Lunger | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.40 | $25,000 | [53] | ||
1981 | Senate Chairman | Earlie Fires | Ronald G. Warren | Russell Micheal Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.00 | $25,000 | [54] | ||
1980 | Withholding | Bryan Fann | Ronald G. Warren | Russell Micheal Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:46.80 | $25,000 | [55] | ||
1979 | Incredible Ease | James D. Nichols | Billy S. Borders | Izzie Proler & Joseph R. Straus Jr. | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.80 | $25,000 | [56] | ||
1978 | Batonnier | Wayne M. Catalano | Harry E. Trotsek | Edward A. Seltzer | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.20 | $25,000 | [57] | ||
1977 | Run Dusty Run | Darrel McHargue | William E. Adams | Golden Chance Farm | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.60 | $25,000 | [58] | ||
1976 | Go East Young Man | Eddie Delahoussaye | Dewey P. Smith | Dorothy Dorsett Brown | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:45.00 | $25,000 | [59] | ||
1975 | § Master Derby | Darrel McHargue | William E. Adams | Golden Chance Farm | 1+1⁄16 miles | 1:44.40 | $25,000 | [60] | ||
1974 | Heavy Mayonnaise | Craig Perret | Don Kempfer | Albert H. Stall & William E. Trotter | 1 mile & 40 yards | 1:39.80 | $25,000 | [61] | ||
1973 | Navajo | Weston Soirez | James O. Keefer | Joe Stevenson & Ray Stump | 1 mile & 40 yards | 1:40.00 | $20,000 | [1] |
Notes:
§ Ran as an entry
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Indiana-bred colt, Navajo, scores in $20,000 Louisiana Derby Trial – (race 8: held 18 March 1973)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 19 March 1973. p. 32. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "RISEN STAR STAKES - MULTIPLE TRACKS". Thoroughbred Database. 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ a b c "Stakes profile". www.equibase.com. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ LaMarra, Tom (3 December 2009). "Arkansas Derby Among Three New Grade I Stakes". BloodHorse.com.
- ^ "RISEN STAR STAKES - 2ND. DIV. - FAIR GROUNDS, LA". Thoroughbred Database. 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Post Time: Split division Risen Star kicks off Derby Championship Series". The Buffalo News. 14 February 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ "2024 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 14)". Equibase. 17 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "2023 Risen Star Stakes presented by Lamarque Lincoln and Lamarque Crescent City Ford Grade 2 - (race 13)". Equibase. 18 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 13)". Equibase. 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ "2021 Risen Star S. presented by Lamarque Ford Grade 2 - (race 13)". Equibase. 13 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "2020 Risen Star S. presented by Lamarque Ford Grade 2 Division 1 - (race 12)". Equibase. 15 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2020 Risen Star S. presented by Lamarque Ford Grade 2 Division 2 - (race 13)". Equibase. 15 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2019 Risen Star S. presented by Lamarque Ford Grade 2 - (race 12)". Equibase. 16 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2018 Risen Star S. presented by Lamarque Ford Grade 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 17 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2017 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2016 Veterans Ford Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 20 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2015 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 21 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2014 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2013 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 23 February 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2012 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 11)". Equibase. 25 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2011 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 19 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2010 Risen Star Stakes Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 20 February 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2009 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 7 February 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2008 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 9 February 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2007 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 10 February 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2006 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 14 January 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2005 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 12 February 2005. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2004 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 15 February 2004. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2003 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 16 February 2003. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2002 Risen Star Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 17 February 2002. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2001 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 7)". Equibase. 18 February 2001. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "2000 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 9)". Equibase. 20 February 2000. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1999 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 9)". Equibase. 21 February 1999. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1998 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 9)". Equibase. 22 February 1998. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1997 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 9)". Equibase. 23 February 1997. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1996 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 9)". Equibase. 25 February 1996. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1995 Risen Star Stakes Listed Division 1 - (race 8)". Equibase. 28 February 1995. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1995 Risen Star Stakes Listed Division 2 - (race 9)". Equibase. 28 February 1995. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1994 Risen Star Stakes Listed - (race 10)". Equibase. 5 March 1994. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1993 Risen Star Stakes Listed Division 1 - (race 9)". Equibase. 6 March 1993. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1993 Risen Star Stakes Listed Division 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 6 March 1993. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1992 Risen Star Stakes Black Type - (race 10)". Equibase. 7 March 1992. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "1991 Risen Star Stakes Black Type - (race 11)". Equibase. 16 February 1991. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Fairgrounds – (race 9: held 4 March 1990)". The Daily Oklahoman. The Associated Press. 5 March 1990. p. 12. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Risen Star stakes full of excitement – (race 8: held 26 February 1989)". Shreveport Times. The Associated Press. 27 February 1989. p. 17. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "FAIR GROUNDS results – (race 9: held 26 February 1989)". Detroit Free Press. The Associated Press. 27 February 1989. p. 52. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Risen Star gets even with Derby Trial win – (race 10: held 27 February 1988)". Shreveport Times. The Associated Press. 28 February 1988. pp. 15, 42. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "The Louisiana Derby Trial result – (race 10: held 28 February 1987)". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. The Associated Press. 1 March 1987. p. 48. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "The Louisiana Derby Trial result – (race 10: held 8 March 1986)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 9 March 1986. p. 55. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Mischiefinmind three for three – (race 10: held 16 March 1985)". Hattiesburg American. The Associated Press. 17 March 1985. p. 24. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "FAIR GROUNDS: – (race 10: held 10 March 1984)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 11 March 1984. p. 55. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Explosive Wagon wins – (race 9: held 12 March 1983)". The Tennessean. The Associated Press. 13 March 1983. p. 28. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Linkage deals El Baba first loss in Trial – (race 8: held 13 March 1982)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 14 March 1982. p. 9. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Senate Chairman wins Derby Trial – (race 8: held 14 March 1981)". Shreveport Times. The Associated Press. 15 March 1981. p. 9. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Lexingtonian Withholding Rallies To Capture Louisiana Derby Trial – (race 8: held 1 March 1980)". The Lexington Herald. The Associated Press & United Press International. 2 March 1980. p. 44. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Incredible Ease Wins by 3 – (race 8: held 3 March 1979)". The Lexington Herald. The Associated Press. 4 March 1979. p. 43. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "...; Batonnier wins trial – (race 9: held 4 March 1978)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 5 March 1978. p. 60. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Derby prospect Run Dusty Run scores – (race 9: held 5 March 1977)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 6 March 1977. p. 43. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Go East Young Man wins Louisiana Derby Trial – (race 9: held 7 March 1976)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 8 March 1976. p. 8. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Master Derby outduels Colonial Power at Fair Grounds – (race 9: held 10 March 1975)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 11 March 1975. p. 8. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Heavy Mayonnaise wins Louisiana Derby Trial – (race 8: held 9 March 1974)". The Courier-Journal. The Associated Press. 10 March 1974. p. 53. Retrieved 9 February 2021.