Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Saeed Al-Hakim | |
---|---|
السيد محمد سعيد الطباطبائي الحكيم | |
Title | Grand Ayatollah |
Personal | |
Born | |
Died | September 3, 2021 Najaf, Iraq | (aged 85)
Religion | Usuli Twelver Shia Islam |
Children | 5, including Riyadh |
Relatives | Muhsin al-Hakim (grandfather) |
Senior posting | |
Based in | Najaf, Iraq |
Website | www |
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Saeed al-Tabataba'i al-Hakim (Arabic: محمد سعيد الطباطبائي الحكيم; February 1, 1936[1][2] – September 3, 2021) was an Iraqi senior Shi'a marja, and one of the most senior Shia clerics in Iraq.[3]
He was considered a strong nominee for the grand religious authority in Najaf, after Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.[4]
Biography
[edit]Al-Hakim was born in the holy city of Najaf on 1 February 1936 to Sayyid Muhammad-Ali al-Hakeem.[5] His mother was the daughter of grand Ayatollah, Muhsin al-Hakim. His father was a nephew of the grand Ayatollah.[6]
Education
[edit]As someone who hailed from a clerical family, al-Hakim began his religious education at the tender age of 5. Under his father, he studied in the introductory subjects that include Arabic language, and grammar; logic; eloquence; jurisprudence and its fundamentals, until concluding his intermediate studies. He studied under his maternal grandfather, the grand Ayatollah, the advanced studies, where he attended a great deal of his Jurisprudence teachings. Among his other teachers were Shaykh Hussein Al-Hilli and Sayyid Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei were also among his teachers.[7]
Ba'thist imprisonment
[edit]In 1983, the Ba'thist regime imprisoned a large number of members of the Hakim family, including al-Hakim, and they remained there for 8 years.[3]
Assassination attempt
[edit]In 2003, he was targeted in an attempted assassination, when his house in Najaf was bombed. Three people were killed but al-Hakim suffered only minor injuries. He had previously been threatened that he would be killed if he didn't leave Najaf. Originally the Sunni fundamentalist Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (who later became al-Qaeda in Iraq) was blamed.[8] However, the bombing has also been attributed to followers of rival Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.[9]
Religious tenure
[edit]Notable students
[edit]After reaching the advanced levels of religious studies, al-Hakim began teaching in Najaf's seminaries, and was considered an exceptional teacher. He taught many members of his family including his maternal uncles, Muhammad-Baqir and Muhammad-Husayn al-Hakim, his brothers, Abd al-Razzaq, Hasan, and Muhammad-Saleh, his sons, Riyadh, Muhammad-Husayn, Ala al-Din, and Izz al-Din, and others. As for some of his notable students, they include: Shaykh Hadi al-Radhi, Shaykh Baqir al-Irawani, Sayyid Muhammad-Ridha Bahr al-Uloom, Sayyid Amin Khalkhali.[3]
Works
[edit]He wrote many books, some of which have been translated into Persian, Urdu, and English.[10]
- Almohkem in the fundamentals of the jurisprudence - it is a detailed full course in the fundamentals of the jurisprudence in six volumes.
- Misbahul minhag in the jurisprudence laws derivation - based in details on the book of Minhag al saliheen. So far he finished 15 volumes.
- Minhag al saliheen - his Risala - practical laws of his verdicts in three volumes.
- Menasik – Pilgrimage and Omra Rituals.
- A message to the people in the west
- A message to the religions promoters and the hawza students - translated into Persian and Urdu.
- A dialogue with his eminence about the religious authority
- Morshid al Moghtarib - instructions and verdicts related to the people in the west.
- Fi rihab al aqeeda - detailed dialogue with a Jordanian personality in the issues of beliefs, in 3 volumes
- Religious laws of computer and internet - translated into English.
- Human cloning - Translated into English
- Religious dialogues
- A message to the devotees in Azerbaijan - translated into the Azeri language.
- A message to the pilgrims of the holy house of God
Amman Message
[edit]Al-Hakim was one of the ulama signatories of the Amman Message, which gives a broad foundation for defining Muslim orthodoxy.[11]
Personal life
[edit]Al-Hakim was married, and had 5 sons, and daughters. His sons all pursued clerical careers. His eldest son, Riyadh is a notable teacher at the religious seminary of Qom.
His second cousin, is Iraqi politician Ammar al-Hakim.
Death
[edit]Al-Hakim died on 3 September 2021 aged 85 from a heart attack.[12] His brother, Muhammad-Taqi led the funeral prayers in the Imam Ali shrine.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ "وفاة المرجع الدینی السید محمد سعید الطباطبائی الحکیم- الأخبار الشرق الأوسط - وکالة تسنیم الدولیة للأنباء".
- ^ "Biography". Office of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid M.S. Alhakeem. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
- ^ a b c Najaf, Muhammad Amin (2024-02-25). "السيد محمد سعيد الحكيم". شبكة الإمامين الحسنين عليهما السلام الثقافية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "Al-Khoei: Ayatollah Sistani is Iraq's Bulwark against Iran: Wikileaks". Informed Comment. 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "Ayatollah Muhammad Ali al-Hakim Returns to His Lord". Islamic Insights. 2011-03-01. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "السيد محمد علي الحكيم". الشیعة. 2014-11-25. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "دفتر مرجع عالیقدر تشیع حاج سید محمد سعید طباطبایی حکیم ـ قدس سره". www.alhakeem.com. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ Bomb kills 3 at cleric's home, CNN, 2003-08-24
- ^ IRAQ’S SHIITES UNDER OCCUPATION Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine, International Crisis Group, 2003-09-09
- ^ Biography in English
- ^ Al-Hakim's official reply to Amman Message
- ^ "Shia leader Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Saeed al-Hakeem dies in Iraq". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
- ^ "One of Iraq's most influential Shiite clerics dies at 85". Associated Press. 2021-09-03. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction