![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/50px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png)
Implements Lua functions mw.text.decode, mw.text.encode in a module.
{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=Source text©}}
→Source text©
See List of XML and HTML character entity references.
Decode (© → ©)
- Decodes Named Entities from entity name into a regular (unicode) character:
©
→©
>
→>
All well-defined named entities are decoded (HTML Named character references, formally: as defined in the PHP table).
- A regular, rendered sentence:
- "At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we , we ⁄walked⁄."
- In code:
- "
At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we ⁄walked⁄.
" -- wikitext
- "
- Processing:
{{#invoke:decodeEncode|decode|s=At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we ⁄walked⁄.}}
→At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we ⁄walked⁄.
-- In code: straight characters, no named entities.
- Renders, again:
- "At 100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we ⁄walked⁄."
Decode a reduced set only
By setting |subset_only=true
, only these five entity names are decoded: '<', '>', '&', '"', ' ' (that is, into '<', '>', '&', '"', ' ').
- Note: There is a difference with the relevant Lua parameter. (This only concerns your task if you also work directly with the Lua mw.text.decode function). Lua documentation defines parameter
|decodeNamedEntities=
, having this effect: when omitted or false, only the reduced set of entities is recognized and decoded. This use of 'false' is inverted in using|subset_only=
:|decodeNamedEntities=false
=|subset_only=true
.
- Also, this module ignores the "omitted" logic:
|subset_only=
should be set explicitly to 'true' to be effective.
Encode (© → ©)
- Function
encode
encodes some entity-named characters into that name (for example:&
→&
).
Regular sentence:
- "At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©"
In code:
- "
At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©
"
Encode:
{{#invoke:decodeEncode|encode|s=At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©|charset=&<>{{!}}°"'&©}}
- →
At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©
- Renders as:
- "At >100 °F, & with a "burning" sun above, we walked. ©"
character set to encode
Per Lua documentation, only a small set of characters is processed. The characterset can be set (expanded) by using |charset=
.
- Example:
|charset=<>" \'&
(the default),|charset=<>°"'&©{{!}}
; characters not in the default will be replaced by their decimal entity:©
→©
(hexadecimal number, not decimal nor named ©)
Known issues
- 13 Sep 2021: NOTE: The encode function with user-supplied charset is now used productively in {{R/superscript}} and {{R/ref}}. Before implementing breaking changes here, these templates need to be adjusted accordingly!
- 26 Sep 2021: U+2009 THIN SPACE ( ,  )
- Note: Possible bug: Decoding
 
works, but 
doesn't. - Resolved in code.
- 4 Feb 2023: U+03B5 ε GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON (ε, ε)
- See Module talk:DecodeEncode § Bug report: bad decoding of U+03B5 ε (epsilon)
- Resolved in code.
See also
require('strict')
local p = {}
local function _getBoolean( boolean_str )
-- from: module:String; adapted
-- requires an explicit true
local boolean_value
if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then
boolean_str = boolean_str:lower()
if boolean_str == 'true' or boolean_str == 'yes' or boolean_str == '1' then
boolean_value = true
else
boolean_value = false
end
elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then
boolean_value = boolean_str
else
boolean_value = false
end
return boolean_value
end
function p.decode( frame )
local s = frame.args['s'] or ''
local subset_only = _getBoolean(frame.args['subset_only'] or false)
return p._decode( s, subset_only )
end
function p._decode( s, subset_only )
-- U+2009 THIN SPACE: workaround for bug: HTML entity   is decoded incorrect. Entity   gets decoded properly
s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, ' ', ' ' )
-- U+03B5 ε GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON: workaround for bug (phab:T328840): HTML entity ε is decoded incorrect for gsub(). Entity ε gets decoded properly
s = mw.ustring.gsub( s, 'ε', 'ε' )
local ret = mw.text.decode( s, not subset_only )
return ret
end
function p.encode( frame )
local s = frame.args['s'] or ''
local charset = frame.args['charset']
return p._encode( s, charset )
end
function p._encode( s, charset )
-- example: charset = '_&©−°\\\"\'\=' -- do escape with backslash not %;
local ret
if charset and charset ~= '' then
ret = mw.text.encode( s, charset )
else
-- use default: chartset = '<>&"\' ' (outer quotes = lua required; space = NBSP)
ret = mw.text.encode( s )
end
return ret
end
return p
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction