THC Science

The Flying Escargot
The Flying Escargot
	The astronauts of Group 15
Year selected	1994
Number selected	23
	← 1992 1996 →

NASA Astronaut Group 15 ("The Flying Escargot") was a group of 23 NASA astronauts announced on December 8, 1994.^[1]^[2] Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, in reference to two members of the group being from France.^[3] The group featured ten pilots, nine mission specialists, and four international mission specialist trainees from France,^[4]^[5]^[6] Canada^[7] and Japan.^[7]

Three members of this group, Rick Husband, Michael P. Anderson, and Kalpana Chawla, died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.^[8] These three received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Another member of the group Pamela Melroy, currently serves as Deputy Administrator of NASA, taking office on June 21, 2021, having been appointed by US President Joe Biden.^[12]

Pilots

Scott Altman^[13]
- Pilot, STS-90 Columbia^[14] (Neurolab)
- Pilot, STS-106 Atlantis^[15]
- Commander, STS-109 Columbia^[16]
- Commander, STS-125 Atlantis^[17]
Jeffrey Ashby^[18]
- Pilot, STS-93 Columbia^[19]
- Pilot, STS-100 Endeavour^[20]
- Commander, STS-112 Atlantis^[21]
Michael Bloomfield^[22]
- Pilot, STS-86 Atlantis^[23]
- Pilot, STS-97 Endeavour^[24]
- Commander, STS-110 Atlantis^[25]
Joe F. Edwards, Jr.^[26]
- Pilot, STS-89 Endeavour^[27]
Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie^[28]
- Pilot, STS-91 Discovery^[29]
- Pilot, STS-99 Endeavour^[30]
- Commander, STS-108 Endeavour^[31]
- Commander, STS-123 Endeavour^[32]
Rick Husband^[9]
- Pilot, STS-96 Discovery^[33]
- Commander, STS-107 Columbia†^[34]
Steven Lindsey^[35]
- Pilot, STS-87 Columbia^[36]
- Pilot, STS-95 Discovery^[37]
- Commander, STS-104 Atlantis^[21]
- Commander, STS-121 Discovery^[38]
- Commander, STS-133 Discovery^[39]
Pamela Melroy^[40]
- Pilot, STS-92 Discovery^[41]
- Pilot, STS-112 Atlantis^[42]
- Commander, STS-120 Discovery^[43]
Susan L. Still-Kilrain^[44]
- Pilot, STS-83 Columbia^[45]
- Pilot, STS-94 Columbia^[46]
Frederick Sturckow^[47]
- Pilot, STS-88 Endeavour^[48]
- Pilot, STS-105 Discovery^[49]
- Commander, STS-117 Atlantis^[50]
- Commander, STS-128 Discovery^[51]

Mission Specialists

Michael P. Anderson^[10]
- Mission Specialist, STS-89 Endeavour^[27]
- Mission Specialist, STS-107 Columbia†^[34]
Kalpana Chawla^[11]
- Mission Specialist, STS-87 Columbia^[36]
- Mission Specialist, STS-107 Columbia†^[34]
Robert Curbeam^[52]
- Mission Specialist, STS-85 Discovery^[53]
- Mission Specialist, STS-98 Atlantis^[54]
- Mission Specialist, STS-116 Discovery^[55]
Kathryn Hire^[56]
- Mission Specialist, STS-90 Columbia^[14]
- Mission Specialist, STS-130 Endeavour^[57]
Janet Kavandi^[58]
Edward Tsang Lu^[59]
- Mission Specialist, STS-84 Atlantis^[60]
- Mission Specialist, STS-104 Atlantis^[21]
- Flight Engineer, Soyuz TMA-2^[61]
- Flight Engineer, Expedition 7^[61]
Carlos I. Noriega^[62]
- Mission Specialist, STS-84 Atlantis^[60]
- Mission Specialist, STS-97 Endeavour^[24]
James F. Reilly^[63]
Stephen Robinson^[64]

International mission specialists

Jean-Loup Chrétien (France)^[7]
- Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz T-6^[66]^: 49(64)
- Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz TM-6/TM-7^[66]^: 55(70) (Mir Aragatz)
- Mission Specialist, STS-86 Atlantis ^[23]
Takao Doi (Japan)^[67]
- Mission Specialist, STS-87 Columbia^[36]
- Mission Specialist, STS-123 Endeavour^[32]
Michel Tognini (France)^[7]
- Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz TM-15/TM-14^[66]^{: 57-58(72-73)}
- Mission Specialist, STS-93 Columbia^[19]
Dafydd Williams (Canada)^[68]
- Mission Specialist, STS-90 Columbia^[14]
- Mission Specialist, STS-118 Endeavour^[69]

References

^ Hess, Mark; Campion, Ed; Herring, Kyle (8 December 1994). "1995 Astronaut Candidates Selected" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^ "NASA Names 19 New Astronaut Candidates". The Tyler Courier-Times. Houston, Texas. Associated Press. 9 December 1994. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "T-shirt, Class of '95, Shuttle (Melroy)". National Air and Space Museum. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Herring, Kyle (1 March 1995). "95-016: Veteran French Astronauts Lend Expertise to Training". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Rahn, Debbie; Buckingham, Bruce; Herring, Kyle (12 September 1997). "97-199: Atlantis' Sveneth Mission to Mir Set for Sept. 25" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^ McCarter, Jennifer; Hawley, Eileen M. (13 November 1997). "H97-263: Tognini Named to STS-93 Crew" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rahn, Debbie; Herring, Kyle (13 January 1995). "95-003: Two International Candidates to Join 1995 Astronaut Class" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
^ Howell, Jefferson D. Jr. (2 February 2003). "J03-07: Statement From JSC Director, Lt. Gen. Jefferson D. Howell, Jr". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Rick Douglas Husband" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Michael P. Anderson" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Kalpana Chawla, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ "President Biden nominates former astronaut Pamela Melroy for NASA deputy administrator". Space.com. 16 April 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2010). "Scott D. Altman" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-90". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-106". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010). "STS-109". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ Kauderer, Amiko (30 September 2009). "STS-125". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (January 2018). "Jeffrey S. Ashby" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-93". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-100". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-104". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2007). "Michael J. Bloomfield" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (26 October 2010). "STS-86". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-97". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010). "STS-110". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2002). "Joe Frank Edwards, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-89". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2010). "Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-91". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (12 February 2010). "STS-99". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-108". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Nevills, Amiko (8 April 2008). "STS-125". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-96". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-107". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2011). "Steven W. Lindsey" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-87". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-95". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ "STS-121". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Kauderer, Amiko (15 March 2011). "STS-133". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013). "Pamela Ann Melroy" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-92". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-112". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Jeanne, Ryba (2 April 2008). "STS-120". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2005). "Susan Kilrain" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-83". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-94". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013). "Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (10 February 2011). "STS-88". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-105". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b "STS-117". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Kauderer, Amiko (23 September 2009). "STS-128". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 2007). "Robert L. Curbeam, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-85". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-98". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ "STS-116". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (March 2010). "Kathryn P. Hire" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Kauderer, Amiko (1 March 2010). "STS-130". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (October 2019). "Janet Lynn Kavandi, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2007). "Edward Tsang Lu, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-84". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Petty, John Ira (25 April 2003). "International Space Station Status Report #03-18". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2011). "Carlos I. Noriega" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2008). "James F. Reilly, II, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2012). "Stephen K. Robinson, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-114". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Portree, David S. (March 1995). "Mir Hardware Heritage" (PDF). NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ "Takao Doi, Ph.D." Biographies. JAXA. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ "Biography of Dr. Dafydd (Dave) Rhys Williams". Astronauts. Canadian Space Agency. 1 March 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^ "STS-118". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

External links

[release_94-205-1] Hess, Mark; Campion, Ed; Herring, Kyle (8 December 1994). "1995 Astronaut Candidates Selected" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.

[ap-1994-12-09-2] "NASA Names 19 New Astronaut Candidates". The Tyler Courier-Times. Houston, Texas. Associated Press. 9 December 1994. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.

[t-shirt-si-3] "T-shirt, Class of '95, Shuttle (Melroy)". National Air and Space Museum. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[release_95-016-4] Herring, Kyle (1 March 1995). "95-016: Veteran French Astronauts Lend Expertise to Training". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[release_97-199-5] Rahn, Debbie; Buckingham, Bruce; Herring, Kyle (12 September 1997). "97-199: Atlantis' Sveneth Mission to Mir Set for Sept. 25" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.

[release_H97-263-6] McCarter, Jennifer; Hawley, Eileen M. (13 November 1997). "H97-263: Tognini Named to STS-93 Crew" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.

[release_95-003-7] Rahn, Debbie; Herring, Kyle (13 January 1995). "95-003: Two International Candidates to Join 1995 Astronaut Class" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.

[release_j03-07-8] Howell, Jefferson D. Jr. (2 February 2003). "J03-07: Statement From JSC Director, Lt. Gen. Jefferson D. Howell, Jr". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[rdhusband-9] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Rick Douglas Husband" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[mpanderson-10] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Michael P. Anderson" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[kchawla-11] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004). "Kalpana Chawla, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[12] "President Biden nominates former astronaut Pamela Melroy for NASA deputy administrator". Space.com. 16 April 2021.

[sdaltman-13] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2010). "Scott D. Altman" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-90-14] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-90". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-106-15] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-106". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-109-16] Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010). "STS-109". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[STS-125-17] Kauderer, Amiko (30 September 2009). "STS-125". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[jsashby-18] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (January 2018). "Jeffrey S. Ashby" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-93-19] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-93". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-100-20] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-100". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

[STS-104-21] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-104". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[mjbloomfield-22] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2007). "Michael J. Bloomfield" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-86-23] Ryba, Jeanne (26 October 2010). "STS-86". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-97-24] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-97". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

[STS-110-25] Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010). "STS-110". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[jfedwards-26] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2002). "Joe Frank Edwards, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-89-27] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-89". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[dlpgorie-28] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2010). "Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-91-29] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-91". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-99-30] Ryba, Jeanne (12 February 2010). "STS-99". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-108-31] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-108". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[STS-123-32] Nevills, Amiko (8 April 2008). "STS-125". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-96-33] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-96". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[STS-107-34] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-107". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[swlindsey-35] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2011). "Steven W. Lindsey" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-87-36] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-87". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

[STS-95-37] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-95". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-121-38] "STS-121". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-133-39] Kauderer, Amiko (15 March 2011). "STS-133". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[pamelroy-40] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013). "Pamela Ann Melroy" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-92-41] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-92". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[STS-112-42] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-112". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-120-43] Jeanne, Ryba (2 April 2008). "STS-120". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[skilrain-44] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2005). "Susan Kilrain" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-83-45] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-83". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-94-46] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-94". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[fwsturckow-47] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013). "Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-88-48] Ryba, Jeanne (10 February 2011). "STS-88". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[STS-105-49] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-105". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-117-50] "STS-117". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-128-51] Kauderer, Amiko (23 September 2009). "STS-128". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[rlcurbeam-52] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 2007). "Robert L. Curbeam, Jr" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-85-53] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-85". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-98-54] Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010). "STS-98". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[STS-116-55] "STS-116". Mission Archives. NASA. 2 April 2008. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[kphire-56] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (March 2010). "Kathryn P. Hire" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-130-57] Kauderer, Amiko (1 March 2010). "STS-130". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[jlkavandi-58] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (October 2019). "Janet Lynn Kavandi, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[etlu-59] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2007). "Edward Tsang Lu, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-84-60] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-84". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[ISS-SR-03-18-61] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Petty, John Ira (25 April 2003). "International Space Station Status Report #03-18". Johnson News. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[cinoriega-62] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2011). "Carlos I. Noriega" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[jfreilly-63] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2008). "James F. Reilly, II, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[skrobinson-64] Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2012). "Stephen K. Robinson, Ph.D." (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[STS-114-65] Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007). "STS-114". Mission Archives. NASA. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021.

[mirhardwareheritage-66] Portree, David S. (March 1995). "Mir Hardware Heritage" (PDF). NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

[tdoi-67] "Takao Doi, Ph.D." Biographies. JAXA. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

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