Demographics of Northern Ireland | |
---|---|
![]() Population pyramid of Northern Ireland in 2020 | |
Population | 1,903,175 (2021 census) |
Density | 133 per km2 |
Life expectancy | |
• male | 77.2 years |
• female | 80.8 years |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 19% |
15–64 years | 64% |
65 and over | 17% |
Nationality | |
Major ethnic | White 97% |
Minor ethnic | other ethnic groups 3% |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Population_density_in_northern_ireland.png/199px-Population_density_in_northern_ireland.png)
Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four components of the United Kingdom in terms of both area and population, containing 2.9% of the total population and 5.7% of the total area of the United Kingdom. It is the smaller of the two political entities on the island of Ireland by area and population, the other being the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland contains 27.1% of the total population and 16.75% of the total area of the island of Ireland.
The Belfast Metropolitan Area dominates in population terms, with over a third of the inhabitants of Northern Ireland.
When Northern Ireland was created, it had a Protestant majority of approximately two-to-one,[1][2][3] unlike the Republic of Ireland, where Catholics were in the majority.[4] The 2001 census was the first to show that the Protestant and other (non-Catholic) Christian share of the population had dropped below 50%, but 53.1% still identified as being from a Protestant or other Christian background. In the 2011 census, this dropped to 48.4%.[5][3] In 2021, the recorded number of Catholics by background (45.7%) overtook the Protestant and other Christian by background share (43.48%), becoming the plurality, with no group in the overall majority.[6][7][8][9]
Its people speak Irish (Gaelic), Ulster Scots and Ulster English which is itself heavily influenced by the Scots language of which Ulster Scots is a dialect. In addition the Ulster dialect of Irish (Gaelic) also has a closer connection to Scottish Gaelic than other Irish (Gaelic) dialects. This is both because of historic links with Scotland going back centuries, and because of settlements of lowland Scots Protestants in Ulster in the 17th century, such as the Plantation of Ulster.
Also unlike the Republic, a large proportion of people in Northern Ireland have a British national identity, although a significant minority identifies as Irish. Many people in Northern Ireland have a Northern Irish identity, whether in addition to a British or Irish identity or by itself.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Population_of_NI_over_time.svg/220px-Population_of_NI_over_time.svg.png)
Historic population trends
[edit]Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1841 | 1,648,945 | — |
1851 | 1,442,517 | −12.5% |
1861 | 1,396,453 | −3.2% |
1871 | 1,359,190 | −2.7% |
1881 | 1,304,816 | −4.0% |
1891 | 1,236,056 | −5.3% |
1901 | 1,236,952 | +0.1% |
1911 | 1,250,531 | +1.1% |
1926 | 1,256,561 | +0.5% |
1951 | 1,370,921 | +9.1% |
1961 | 1,425,042 | +3.9% |
1971 | 1,536,065 | +7.8% |
1981 | 1,543,000 | +0.5% |
1991 | 1,607,300 | +4.2% |
2001 | 1,685,267 | +4.9% |
2011 | 1,810,863 | +7.5% |
2021 | 1,903,175 | +5.1% |
Note: 1981 and 1991 data[10]
Data for years prior to 1926 are from the Census of Ireland, for those counties that became Northern Ireland in 1920. 2019 estimates[11] |
Cities and towns by population[12] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | Settlement | Population | Metro
population |
|||
1 | Belfast | 334,420 | 671,559 | |||
2 | Derry | 84,750 | 237,000 | |||
3 | Lisburn [13] | 71,403 | ||||
4 | Greater Craigavon | 68,890 | ||||
5 | Newtownabbey [13] | 66,120 | ||||
6 | Bangor [13] | 62,650 | ||||
7 | Ballymena | 30,590 | ||||
8 | Newtownards | 28,860 | ||||
9 | Newry | 28,080 | ||||
10 | Carrickfergus [13] | 27,640 |
Fertility
[edit]- Fertility statistics
-
Percentage of births born outside of wedlock in Northern Ireland
-
Age of mother at birth in Northern Ireland
Place of birth
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Born_outside_Northern_Ireland.png/199px-Born_outside_Northern_Ireland.png)
In 2001, 91.0% of the population were born in Northern Ireland, 7.2% were born in other parts of the UK and Ireland, and 1.8% were born elsewhere. By 2011, the proportion of immigrants from outside the UK and Ireland had risen to 4.3%, while the proportion born within them (outside Northern Ireland) had fallen to 6.7%. The highest number of non-British/Irish immigrants are in Belfast, followed by Craigavon Urban Area and Dungannon. Dungannon has a bigger share of immigrants than any town in Northern Ireland, while Strabane has the smallest share of these immigrants.[14]
Place of Birth | 2001[15] | 2011[16] | 2021[17] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Northern Ireland | 1,534,268 | 91.04 | 1,608,853 | 88.84 | 1,646,276 | 86.50% |
England | 61,609 | 3.66 | 64,717 | 3.57 | 72,940 | 3.83% |
Scotland | 16,772 | 1.00 | 15,455 | 0.85 | 16,521 | 0.87% |
Wales | 3,008 | 0.18 | 2,552 | 0.14 | 2,796 | 0.15% |
Republic of Ireland | 39,051 | 2.32 | 37,833 | 2.09 | 40,357 | 2.12% |
Other European Union member countries | 10,355 | 0.61 | 67,451 | 3.54% | ||
— Member countries prior to 2004 expansion | 9,703 | 0.54 | ||||
— Accession countries 2004 onwards | 35,704 | 1.97 | ||||
Other outside the EU | 20,204 | 1.20 | 36,046 | 1.99 | 57,012 | 2.99% |
Europe | 3,689 | 0.19% | ||||
Africa | 10,761 | 0.57% | ||||
Middle East and Asia | 29,241 | 1.54% | ||||
North, Central America and Caribbean | 8,207 | 0.43% | ||||
South America | 1,858 | 0.10% | ||||
Oceania and other | 3,076 | 0.16% | ||||
Total | 1,685,267 | 100.00 | 1,810,863 | 100.00 | 1,903,173 | 100% |
Below are the 5 largest foreign-born groups in Northern Ireland according to 2014 ONS estimates.[18]
Country of birth | Estimated population, 2013 | Estimated population, 2014 | Estimated population, 2015 |
---|---|---|---|
Poland | 25,000 | 20,000 | 18,000 |
Lithuania | 7,000 | 8,000 | 13,000 |
India | 8,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 |
Philippines | 3,000 | 4,000 | 5,000 |
Ethnicity
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Northern_Ireland_ethnic_demography_2001_to_2021.gif/198px-Northern_Ireland_ethnic_demography_2001_to_2021.gif)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Population_pyramid_of_Northern_Ireland_by_ethnicity.svg/220px-Population_pyramid_of_Northern_Ireland_by_ethnicity.svg.png)
The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents for the following censuses
Ethnic group | 2001[19][20] | 2011[21][22] | 2021[23][24] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
White: Total | 1,672,698 | 99.25% | 1,779,750 |
98.28% |
1,841,713 | 96.77% |
White | 1,670,988 | 99.15% | 1,778,449 | 98.21% | – | – |
White: British/Irish/Northern Irish only (national identity) and Christian/no religion/religion not stated (religion) | – | – | – | – | 1,749,970 | 91.9% |
White: Other | – | – | – | – | 87,607 | 4.6% |
White: Irish Traveller/White Gypsy | 1,710 | 0.10% | 1,301 | 0.07% | 2,609 | 0.14% |
White: Roma | – | – | – | – | 1,529 | 0.08% |
Asian or Asian British: Total | 6,824 | 0.40% | 19,130 | 1.06% | 30,667 | 1.61% |
Asian/Asian British: Indian | 1,567 | 0.09% | 6,198 | 0.34% | 9,881 | 0.52% |
Asian/Asian British: Pakistani | 668 | 0.04% | 1,091 | 0.06% | 1,596 | 0.08% |
Asian/Asian British: Bangladeshi | 252 | 0.01% | 540 | 0.03% | 710 | 0.04% |
Asian/Asian British: Chinese | 4,145 | 0.25% | 6,303 | 0.35% | 9,495 | 0.50% |
Asian/Asian British: Filipino[a] | 2,053 | 0.11% | 4,451 | 0.23% | ||
Asian/Asian British: Other Asian | 194 | 0.01% | 2,671 | 0.15% | 4,534 | 0.24% |
Black or Black British: Total | 1,136 | 0.07% | 3,616 | 0.20% | 11,032 | 0.58% |
Black or Black British: Caribbean | 255 | 0.02% | 372 | 0.02% | – | – |
Black or Black British: African | 494 | 0.03% | 2,345 | 0.13% | 8,069 | 0.42% |
Black or Black British: Other | 387 | 0.02% | 899 | 0.05% | 2,963 | 0.16% |
Mixed: Total | 3,319 | 0.20% | 6,014 | 0.33% | 14,382 | 0.76% |
Other: Any other ethnic group:Total | 1,290 | 0.08% | 2,353 |
0.13% |
5,385 | 0.29% |
Other: Arab[b] | – | – | 274 | 0.02% | 1,817 | 0.10% |
Other: Any other ethnic group | – | – | – | – | 3,568 | 0.19% |
Total | 1,685,267 | 100% | 1,810,863 | 100% | 1,903,179 | 100% |
- Population pyramids of ethnic groups within Northern Ireland in 2021
-
White
-
White British and Irish
-
White Other
-
Ethnic minorities
-
Mixed
Languages spoken
[edit]English is by far the most commonly spoken language in Northern Ireland. Two regional languages of Northern Ireland, Irish and Ulster Scots, are protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Several other languages are spoken by immigrants to Northern Ireland, the most common of which is Polish.
A question about knowledge of Irish was reintroduced to the census in 1991, for the first time since 1911. In 2011, the census question was modified to ask about Ulster Scots alongside Irish.[25]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Foreign_languages_in_northern_ireland.png/200px-Foreign_languages_in_northern_ireland.png)
Main language of all usual residents aged 3 and over
Main language | 2011[26] | 2021[27] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | |
English | 1,681,171 | 96.86% | 1,751,510 | 95.37% |
Polish | 17,731 | 1.02% | 20,134 | 1.10% |
Lithuanian | 6,250 | 0.36% | 8,978 | 0.49% |
Irish | 4,164 | 0.24% | 5,969 | 0.32% |
Portuguese | 2,293 | 0.13% | 4,982 | 0.27% |
Slovak | 2,257 | 0.13% | 2,333 | 0.13% |
Chinese | 2,214 | 0.13% | 3,329 | 0.18% |
Tagalog/Filipino | 1,895 | 0.11% | 1,339 | 0.07% |
Latvian | 1,273 | 0.07% | 1,700 | 0.09% |
Russian | 1,191 | 0.07% | 1,605 | 0.09% |
Hungarian | 1,008 | 0.06% | 2,172 | 0.12% |
Other | 13,090 | 0.75% | 28,293 | 1.5% |
Total | 1,836,616 | 100% |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map_of_those_with_some_ability_in_Irish_in_the_2011_census_in_Northern_Ireland.png/199px-Map_of_those_with_some_ability_in_Irish_in_the_2011_census_in_Northern_Ireland.png)
Ability in Irish of all usual residents aged 3 and over in the Census[28][29]
Ability in Irish | 2001[30] | 2011[31] | 2021[27] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | |
Understands spoken Irish, but cannot speak, read, or write | 36,479 | 2.25% | 70,501 | 4.06% | 90,801 | 4.94% |
Can speak but cannot read or write Irish | 24,536 | 1.52% | 24,677 | 1.43% | 37,497 | 2.04% |
Can speak and read but cannot write Irish | 7,183 | 0.44% | 7,414 | 0.43% | 9,683 | 0.53% |
Can speak, read, write, and understand Irish | 75,125 | 4.64% | 64,847 | 3.74% | 71,872 | 3.91% |
Other combination of skills | 24,167 | 1.49% | 17,459 | 1.01% | 18,764 | 1.02% |
Has some knowledge of Irish | 167,490 | 10.35% | 184,898 | 10.65% | 228,617 | 12.45% |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Map_showing_the_percentage_of_people_aged_3%2B_claiming_to_have_some_ability_in_Ulster_Scots_in_the_2011_census.png/200px-Map_showing_the_percentage_of_people_aged_3%2B_claiming_to_have_some_ability_in_Ulster_Scots_in_the_2011_census.png)
Ability in Ulster Scots of all usual residents aged 3 and over in the Census[32]
Ability in Ulster Scots | 2011[33] | 2021[27] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | Usual residents aged 3+ | Proportion | |
Understands spoken Ulster Scots, but cannot speak, read, or write | 92,040 | 5.30% | 115,088 | 6.27% |
Can speak but cannot read or write Ulster Scots | 10,265 | 0.59% | 26,570 | 1.45% |
Can speak and read but cannot write Ulster Scots | 7,801 | 0.45% | 12,297 | 0.67% |
Can speak, read, write, and understand Ulster Scots | 16,373 | 0.94% | 20,930 | 1.14% |
Other combination of skills | 13,725 | 0.79% | 15,728 | 0.86% |
Has some knowledge of Ulster Scots | 140,204 | 8.08% | 190,613 | 10.38% |
Religion
[edit]- Religion in 2021
-
Percentage of population who are Catholic
-
Percentage of population who are Protestant
-
Percentage of population who profess no religion
-
Religion or religion brought up in from the 2021 census
-
Predominant religion by District Electoral Area (DEA) from 2001 to 2021
-
Population pyramid of Northern Ireland by religion brought up in 2021
-
Percentage by religion at each age
-
Population by religion at each age
For the first century that Northern Ireland existed, the majority or plurality of its population identified with Protestantism, and with its founding, the region was intended to have a permanent Protestant majority.[34] With the 2021 census, Catholics outnumbered Protestants for the first time. The following table shows the religion stated by respondents to the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses.
Religion stated | 2001[35] | 2011[36] | 2021[37] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Roman Catholic | 678,462 | 40.2 | 738,033 | 40.8 | 805,151 | 42.3 |
Presbyterian Church in Ireland | 348,742 | 20.7 | 345,101 | 19.1 | 316,103 | 16.6 |
Church of Ireland | 257,788 | 15.3 | 248,821 | 13.7 | 219,788 | 11.5 |
Methodist Church in Ireland | 59,173 | 3.5 | 54,253 | 3.0 | 44,728 | 2.4 |
Other Christian | 102,221 | 6.1 | 104,380 | 5.8 | 130,377 | 6.9 |
(Total non-Roman Catholic Christian) | 767,924 | 45.6 | 752,555 | 41.6 | 710,996 | 37.3 |
(Total Christian) | 1,446,386 | 85.8 | 1,490,588 | 82.3 | 1,516,147 | 79.6 |
Other religion | 5,028 | 0.3 | 14,859 | 0.8 | 25,519 | 1.3 |
No religion | 183,164 | 10.1 | 330,983 | 17.4 | ||
Religion not stated | 122,252 | 6.8 | 30,529 | 1.6 | ||
(No religion and Religion not stated) | 233,853 | 13.9 | 305,416 | 16.9 | 361,512 | 19.0 |
Total population | 1,685,267 | 100.0 | 1,810,863 | 100.0 | 1,903,175 | 100.0 |
The religious affiliations in the districts of Northern Ireland at the time of the 2011 census were as follows. Note that these boundaries changed in 2015.
District | 2001[38] | 2011[39] | 2021[40] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other or none | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other or none | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | No religion/not stated | Other | |
Antrim | 35.2% | 47.2% | 17.6% | 37.5% | 43.2% | 19.2% | 38.1% | 39.0% | 21.6% | 1.3% |
Ards | 10.4% | 68.7% | 20.9% | 10.9% | 65.4% | 23.6% | 10.9% | 58.8% | 29.2% | 1.1% |
Armagh | 45.4% | 45.5% | 9.1% | 44.8% | 43.0% | 12.2% | 46.4% | 41.1% | 11.7% | 0.9% |
Ballymena | 19.0% | 67.8% | 13.3% | 20.4% | 63.3% | 16.3% | 21.3% | 58.4% | 19.5% | 0.7% |
Ballymoney | 29.5% | 59.1% | 11.3% | 29.6% | 56.7% | 13.6% | 30.0% | 53.8% | 15.5% | 0.6% |
Banbridge | 28.6% | 58.7% | 12.7% | 29.4% | 55.3% | 15.3% | 31.0% | 49.4% | 18.6% | 0.9% |
Belfast | 42.1% | 40.3% | 17.5% | 41.9% | 34.1% | 24.0% | 42.5% | 29.7% | 24.5% | 3.3% |
Carrickfergus | 6.5% | 70.4% | 23.1% | 7.6% | 67.2% | 25.2% | 7.6% | 59.5% | 31.8% | 1.2% |
Castlereagh | 15.8% | 64.9% | 19.3% | 19.5% | 57.3% | 23.2% | 21.8% | 48.4% | 28.2% | 1.7% |
Coleraine | 24.1% | 60.5% | 15.4% | 25.0% | 56.8% | 18.2% | 25.3% | 52.5% | 21.2% | 1.0% |
Cookstown | 55.2% | 38.0% | 6.8% | 55.1% | 34.0% | 11.0% | 58.2% | 31.8% | 9.6% | 0.4% |
Craigavon | 41.7% | 46.7% | 11.6% | 42.1% | 42.1% | 15.8% | 43.4% | 37.7% | 17.5% | 1.4% |
Derry | 70.9% | 20.8% | 8.4% | 67.4% | 19.4% | 13.1% | 70.3% | 18.0% | 10.6% | 1.0% |
Down | 57.1% | 29.2% | 13.7% | 57.5% | 27.1% | 15.4% | 58.4% | 24.8% | 16.2% | 0.6% |
Dungannon | 57.3% | 34.9% | 7.7% | 58.7% | 29.8% | 11.5% | 62.6% | 26.9% | 9.9% | 0.7% |
Fermanagh | 55.5% | 36.1% | 8.4% | 54.9% | 34.3% | 10.8% | 55.8% | 32.1% | 11.2% | 0.9% |
Larne | 22.2% | 61.9% | 15.9% | 21.8% | 59.7% | 18.5% | 21.3% | 54.7% | 23.3% | 0.7% |
Limavady | 53.1% | 36.1% | 10.7% | 56.0% | 34.3% | 9.7% | 57.5% | 31.7% | 10.5% | 0.3% |
Lisburn | 30.1% | 53.6% | 16.4% | 32.8% | 47.9% | 19.3% | 35.2% | 41.8% | 21.6% | 1.4% |
Magherafelt | 61.5% | 32.0% | 6.5% | 62.4% | 28.3% | 9.3% | 65.0% | 26.2% | 8.1% | 0.7% |
Moyle | 56.6% | 33.8% | 9.6% | 54.4% | 32.3% | 13.3% | 54.3% | 32.1% | 13.1% | 0.5% |
Newry and Mourne | 75.9% | 16.4% | 7.7% | 72.1% | 15.2% | 12.7% | 75.1% | 14.9% | 9.3% | 0.7% |
Newtownabbey | 17.1% | 64.5% | 18.4% | 19.9% | 57.8% | 22.3% | 22.1% | 51.0% | 25.6% | 1.4% |
North Down | 10.0% | 64.5% | 25.5% | 11.2% | 60.3% | 28.5% | 11.6% | 52.2% | 34.9% | 1.4% |
Omagh | 65.1% | 26.3% | 8.6% | 65.4% | 24.8% | 9.8% | 67.7% | 22.9% | 8.8% | 0.7% |
Strabane | 63.1% | 30.9% | 6.0% | 60.1% | 30.7% | 9.2% | 63.0% | 29.5% | 7.0% | 0.5% |
National identity
[edit]- National Identity in 2011
-
Map of predominant national identity in the 2011 census in Northern Ireland
-
Shows the most common national identity stated in the 2011 census in Northern Ireland. Red is British, blue is Northern Irish and green is Irish.
- National Identity in 2021
-
Predominant National Identity by District Electoral Area (DEA)[41]
-
Most commonly selected National Identity in 2021 census[42]
In Northern Ireland national identity is complex. Many in Northern Ireland have a British national identity and view the English, Scots and Welsh as fellow members of their common nation while regarding people from the Republic of Ireland as foreigners. Many others in Northern Ireland view people from the Republic of Ireland as being members of their common nation encompassing the island of Ireland and regard the English, Scots and Welsh as foreigners. Co-existing with this dichotomy is a Northern Irish identity, which can be held alone or, as is also the case with Englishness, Scottishness and Welshness, alongside a British identity, or alongside an Irish identity. A small number of people see themselves as being both British and Irish.
In the 2021 census respondents gave their national identity as follows.
National identity | Respondents |
---|---|
British only | |
Irish only | |
Northern Irish only | |
English, Scottish or Welsh | |
Other |
- Identity in Northern Ireland in 2021 by population pyramid
-
British only identity
-
Irish only identity
-
Northern Irish only identity
National Identity and Religion
[edit]National Identity by Religions breaks down as follows.[44] All tables, maps, and graphs in this section use "Religion or Religion brought up in" from the census.
Catholic | Protestant | Other | No Religion | |
---|---|---|---|---|
British only | 6.6% | 57.8% | 29.3% | 35.5% |
British and Northern Irish only | 0.8% | 15.4% | 3.9% | 9.0% |
Irish only | 60.0% | 2.0% | 8.8% | 7.6% |
Irish and Northern Irish only | 3.1% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 1.5% |
Northern Irish only | 20.9% | 17.7% | 9.9% | 25.6% |
British and Irish only | 0.7% | 0.5% | 1.1% | 0.6% |
British, Irish and Northern Irish only | 0.9% | 1.9% | 1.5% | 2.3% |
Other | 7.0% | 4.4% | 44.7% | 18.0% |
British only plus British and Northern Irish only | 7.4% | 73.1% | 33.2% | 44.5% |
Irish only plus Irish and Northern Irish only | 63.1% | 2.4% | 9.7% | 9.0% |
Other combinations of British, Irish and Northern Irish | 1.6% | 2.4% | 2.6% | 2.9% |
Any choice that includes British | 9.0% | 75.5% | 35.8% | 47.4% |
Any choice that includes Irish | 64.7% | 4.8% | 12.3% | 11.9% |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Catholic_Protestant_low_Irish_British.png/220px-Catholic_Protestant_low_Irish_British.png)
Although there is a strong correlation between religion and national identity, Catholics tending to identify as Irish and Protestants tending to identify as British, this is not an absolute relationship, and the correlation is much weaker amongst Catholics than it is amongst Protestants. Amongst Catholics, geography also plays an important role, with Catholics in heavily Protestant parts of Northern Ireland being more likely to call themselves British and less likely to call themselves Irish than Catholics in more Catholic areas of Northern Ireland. The reverse is true for Protestants, but to a lesser extent. However, the actual numbers are low for both Protestants identifying as Irish and Catholics identifying as British, since it happens in areas where the respective religion is proportionally low.
In the 2021 census, Protestants outnumbered Catholics in 37 DEAs, down from 44 in 2011, while those considering themselves British outnumbered those who considered themselves Irish in 45 DEAs, down from 58 in 2011.
This is partly because Catholics were more likely to see themselves as British than Protestants were to see themselves as Irish (9% vs. 4.8% respectively – in 2011 it was 13% vs 4% respectively), but is also partly because those of no religion were more likely to see themselves as British as see themselves as Irish. The irreligious tend to live in Protestant areas, suggesting that they are mostly of Protestant descent. In 2021, 47% of those professing no religion considered themselves British, while 12% considered themselves Irish. Members of the immigrant population, which includes many Poles, are also more likely to consider themselves Catholic.
Northern Irish identity was slightly more likely amongst Catholics than amongst Protestants, and it varied little according to geography.
- Protestant National Identity
-
Percentage of Protestants identifying as British
-
Percentage of Protestants identifying as Irish
-
Percentage of Protestants identifying as Northern Irish
- Catholic National Identity
-
Percentage of Catholics identifying as British
-
Percentage of Catholics identifying as Irish
-
Percentage of Catholics identifying as Northern Irish
- No Religion National Identity
-
Percentage of professing no religion identifying as British
-
Percentage of those professing no religion identifying as Irish
-
Percentage of those professing no religion identifying as Northern Irish
Changes from 2011 to 2021
[edit]- National Identity between 2011 and 2021
-
Swing from British to Irish identity by DEA (2014) from 2011 to 2021 censuses
The following metrics account for over 90% of the population in both 2011 and 2021. National Identity showed a significant shift from British to Irish of 10% between 2011 and 2021.
2011 | 2021 | Change | |
---|---|---|---|
British Only | 39.9% | 31.9% | -8.0% |
British And Northern Irish | 6.2% | 8.0% | +1.8% |
Irish Only | 25.3% | 29.1% | +3.9% |
Irish And Northern Irish | 1.1% | 1.8% | +0.7% |
Northern Irish Only | 20.9% | 19.8% | -1.1% |
All DEAs showed an increase in Irish National Identity relative to British, with the lowest increase (3%) in the Court DEA, and the largest increase (22%) in the Castlereagh South DEA. Generally the largest increases were in the east, in and around Belfast. Castlereagh South has also had a recent large increase in the Catholic population, flipping from a clear Protestant majority in 2001 to a clear Catholic majority in 2021. Court DEA already had a large Irish majority in 2011, so had less potential for growth.
It's recognized that National Identity is closely related to religion. Between 2011 and 2021 the percentage of Protestants (religion or religion brought up in) dropped by 4% and the percentage of Catholics increased by 1%, so we might estimate a maximum of 5% swing due to demographic change. It is likely that at least half the change in National Identity is due to some cause or causes other than demographics. The most likely cause is change in sentiment due to Brexit. Between 2011 and 2021, Catholics seeing themselves as British fell from 13% to 9%, while Protestants seeing themselves as Irish increased from 4% to 4.8%.
The shift from British to Irish can be seen from the plot comparing the age groups from the 2011 census with the same age cohort in the 2021 census. There was a swing towards Irish across all age cohorts, but it was 12-13% among younger adults (under 35 in 2021), approximately 2-6% among 35-64 (in 2021) year olds, and a much smaller 0.8% in the oldest age cohort.
- Age cohort changes between 2011 and 2021
-
National Identity in 2011 and 2021, by same age cohort. For example, those in the 16-24 age group in 2011 are compared to the 26-34 age group in 2021[49]
-
Swing from British to Irish by age cohort.
Passports held
[edit]- Passports held. Red is British and green is Irish.
-
The most commonly held passport according to the 2011 census.
-
The most commonly held passport according to the 2021 census.
People born in Northern Ireland have automatic British citizenship on the same basis and with the same provisions as those born elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Despite the Irish Government's withdrawal of its constitutional claim to Northern Ireland in 1999, those born in Northern Ireland are entitled to Irish citizenship, should they so choose. Because of this entitlement most people in Northern Ireland are able to get both a British passport and an Irish Passport. Through an agreement between the Irish Government and Post Office Ltd, post offices in Northern Ireland provide a service where customers can apply for an Irish passport, alongside their service where customers can apply for a British passport.
Significantly more Irish passports (+11.4%) and fewer British passports (-6.5%) were held in 2021 compared to 2011. Catholics in particular gave up their British passports (-10.9%) and now hold Irish passports (+16.7%), but there was also a small drop in the percentage of Protestants with British passports (-0.4%) and large increase in Protestants with Irish passports (+6.5%). Similarly "Other" and "No religion" British passport holders fell by 8.3% and 4.9% respectively, and Irish passport holder increased by 5.6% and 6.9% respectively.
In the 2021 census, respondents stated that they held the following passports[50], compared to 2011[51][52].
Passport | All usual residents | Religion or religion brought up in | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other Religions | None | |||||||
2021 | Change | 2021 | Change | 2021 | Change | 2021 | Change | 2021 | Change | |
No passport | 15.9% | -3.0 % | 15.1% | -4.1% | 16.0% | -2.5% | 12.5% | -6.0% | 19.6% | -0.6% |
EU/EEA Countries | 83.0% | +0.9% | 84.3% | +1.9% | 83.5% | +1.1% | 64.8% | -4.5% | 77.6% | -0.8% |
United Kingdom | 52.6% | -6.5% | 27.5% | -10.9% | 77.4% | -0.4% | 47.7% | -8.3% | 60.3% | -4.9% |
Ireland | 32.3% | +11.4% | 57.2% | +16.7% | 10.6% | +6.5% | 15.6% | +5.6% | 14.1% | +6.9% |
Poland | 1.3% | +0.3% | 2.4% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.7% | +0.1% | 0.9% | 0.0% |
Lithuania | 0.6% | +0.2% | 1.0% | +0.3% | 0.1% | +0.1% | 0.4% | +0.2% | 1.2% | +0.4% |
Other EU/EEA | 1.9% | +1.1% | 1.5% | +0.6% | 1.3% | +0.9% | 5.5% | +3.1% | 5.7% | +1.5% |
Other | 1.1% | -0.1% | 0.5% | -0.4% | 0.6% | -0.1% | 22.7% | -3.3% | 2.8% | -0.7% |
Age
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Northern_Ireland_population_pyramid_from_1971_to_projections_to_2050.gif/200px-Northern_Ireland_population_pyramid_from_1971_to_projections_to_2050.gif)
According to the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Authority the average (median) age increased from 34 years to 37 years between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Over the same period, the share of the population represented by children aged under 16 years fell from 24 per cent to 21 per cent, while the proportion of people aged 65 years and over rose from 13 per cent to 15 per cent.[53]
- Population pyramids of each of Northern Ireland's Local Government Districts
-
Ards and North Down
-
Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon
-
Antrim and Newtownabbey
-
Belfast
-
Causeway Coast and Glens
-
Derry City and Strabane
-
Fermanagh and Omagh
-
Mid and East Antrim
-
Mid Ulster
-
Newry, Mourne and Down
-
Lisburn and Castlereagh
Vital statistics since 1900
[edit]Average population [54][55][56][57] | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | 30,782 | 23,954 | 6,828 | |||||
1902 | 30,707 | 23,171 | 7,536 | |||||
1903 | 31,290 | 23,096 | 8,194 | |||||
1904 | 31,550 | 23,536 | 8,014 | |||||
1905 | 31,405 | 22,949 | 8,456 | |||||
1906 | 31,389 | 23,039 | 8,350 | |||||
1907 | 30,969 | 23,754 | 7,215 | |||||
1908 | 30,600 | 23,133 | 7,467 | |||||
1909 | 30,640 | 22,275 | 8,365 | |||||
1910 | 1,246,000 | 30,219 | 22,576 | 7,643 | 24.3 | 18.1 | 6.1 | |
1911 | 1,249,000 | 30,407 | 21,326 | 9,081 | 24.3 | 17.1 | 7.3 | |
1912 | 1,248,000 | 30,301 | 21,698 | 8,603 | 24.3 | 17.4 | 6.9 | |
1913 | 1,243,000 | 29,880 | 22,510 | 7,370 | 24.0 | 18.1 | 5.9 | |
1914 | 1,242,000 | 29,704 | 21,671 | 8,033 | 23.9 | 17.4 | 6.5 | |
1915 | 1,210,000 | 28,082 | 22,438 | 5,644 | 23.2 | 18.5 | 4.7 | |
1916 | 1,205,000 | 26,623 | 20,764 | 5,859 | 22.1 | 17.2 | 4.9 | |
1917 | 1,208,000 | 24,949 | 21,011 | 3,938 | 20.7 | 17.4 | 3.3 | |
1918 | 1,214,000 | 26,212 | 25,013 | 1,199 | 21.6 | 20.6 | 1.0 | |
1919 | 1,250,000 | 27,496 | 22,836 | 4,660 | 22.0 | 18.2 | 3.8 | |
1920 | 1,258,000 | 32,521 | 21,017 | 11,504 | 25.8 | 16.7 | 9.1 | |
1921 | 1,264,000 | 29,710 | 19,301 | 10,409 | 23.7 | 15.4 | 8.3 | |
1922 | 1,269,000 | 29,531 | 19,795 | 9,736 | 23.2 | 15.6 | 7.6 | |
1923 | 1,259,000 | 30,097 | 18,790 | 11,307 | 23.9 | 14.9 | 9.1 | |
1924 | 1,258,000 | 28,496 | 20,299 | 8,197 | 22.7 | 16.1 | 6.5 | |
1925 | 1,257,000 | 27,686 | 19,784 | 7,902 | 22.0 | 15.8 | 6.3 | |
1926 | 1,254,000 | 28,162 | 18,827 | 9,335 | 22.5 | 15.1 | 7.4 | |
1927 | 1,250,000 | 26,676 | 18,216 | 8,460 | 21.4 | 14.6 | 6.8 | |
1928 | 1,247,000 | 25,963 | 18,004 | 7,959 | 20.9 | 14.4 | 6.4 | |
1929 | 1,240,000 | 25,410 | 19,822 | 5,588 | 20.5 | 16.0 | 4.4 | |
1930 | 1,237,000 | 25,879 | 17,148 | 8,731 | 20.9 | 13.9 | 7.0 | |
1931 | 1,243,000 | 25,673 | 18,049 | 7,624 | 20.7 | 14.5 | 6.2 | |
1932 | 1,251,000 | 25,107 | 17,812 | 7,295 | 20.1 | 14.2 | 5.8 | |
1933 | 1,258,000 | 24,601 | 18,154 | 6,447 | 19.6 | 14.5 | 5.1 | |
1934 | 1,265,000 | 25,365 | 17,521 | 7,844 | 20.1 | 13.9 | 6.2 | |
1935 | 1,271,000 | 24,742 | 18,592 | 6,150 | 19.5 | 14.6 | 4.8 | |
1936 | 1,276,000 | 25,909 | 18,429 | 7,480 | 20.3 | 14.4 | 5.9 | |
1937 | 1,281,000 | 25,412 | 19,282 | 6,130 | 19.8 | 15.1 | 4.8 | |
1938 | 1,286,000 | 25,742 | 17,649 | 8,093 | 20.0 | 13.7 | 6.3 | |
1939 | 1,295,000 | 25,240 | 17,542 | 7,698 | 19.5 | 13.5 | 5.9 | |
1940 | 1,299,000 | 25,363 | 18,941 | 6,422 | 19.5 | 14.6 | 4.9 | |
1941 | 1,308,000 | 26,887 | 20,034 | 6,853 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 5.2 | |
1942 | 1,329,000 | 29,645 | 17,570 | 12,075 | 22.3 | 13.2 | 9.1 | |
1943 | 1,341,000 | 31,521 | 17,720 | 13,801 | 23.5 | 13.2 | 10.3 | |
1944 | 1,357,000 | 30,900 | 16,980 | 13,920 | 22.8 | 12.5 | 10.3 | |
1945 | 1,359,000 | 29,007 | 16,432 | 12,575 | 21.3 | 12.1 | 9.3 | |
1946 | 1,350,000 | 30,134 | 16,706 | 13,428 | 22.3 | 12.4 | 9.9 | |
1947 | 1,350,000 | 31,254 | 16,944 | 14,310 | 23.2 | 12.6 | 10.6 | |
1948 | 1,362,000 | 29,532 | 15,145 | 14,387 | 21.7 | 11.1 | 10.6 | |
1949 | 1,371,000 | 29,106 | 15,670 | 13,436 | 21.2 | 11.4 | 9.8 | |
1950 | 1,377,000 | 28,794 | 15,839 | 12,955 | 20.9 | 11.5 | 9.4 | |
1951 | 1,373,000 | 28,477 | 17,628 | 10,849 | 20.7 | 12.8 | 7.9 | |
1952 | 1,375,000 | 28,760 | 14,812 | 13,948 | 20.9 | 10.8 | 10.1 | |
1953 | 1,384,000 | 28,984 | 14,813 | 14,171 | 20.9 | 10.7 | 10.2 | |
1954 | 1,387,000 | 28,803 | 15,124 | 13,679 | 20.8 | 10.9 | 9.9 | |
1955 | 1,394,000 | 28,965 | 15,407 | 13,558 | 20.8 | 11.1 | 9.7 | |
1956 | 1,397,000 | 29,489 | 14,858 | 14,631 | 21.1 | 10.6 | 10.5 | |
1957 | 1,399,000 | 30,108 | 15,187 | 14,921 | 21.5 | 10.9 | 10.7 | |
1958 | 1,402,000 | 30,301 | 15,132 | 15,169 | 21.6 | 10.8 | 10.8 | |
1959 | 1,408,000 | 30,809 | 15,403 | 15,406 | 21.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | |
1960 | 1,420,000 | 31,989 | 15,296 | 16,693 | 22.5 | 10.8 | 11.8 | |
1961 | 1,427,000 | 31,915 | 16,108 | 15,807 | 22.4 | 11.3 | 11.1 | |
1962 | 1,435,000 | 32,565 | 15,226 | 17,339 | 22.7 | 10.6 | 12.1 | |
1963 | 1,446,000 | 33,414 | 15,899 | 17,515 | 23.1 | 11.0 | 12.1 | |
1964 | 1,458,000 | 34,345 | 15,354 | 18,991 | 23.6 | 10.5 | 13.0 | |
1965 | 1,469,000 | 33,890 | 15,551 | 18,339 | 23.1 | 10.6 | 12.5 | |
1966 | 1,478,000 | 33,228 | 16,441 | 16,787 | 22.5 | 11.1 | 11.4 | |
1967 | 1,491,000 | 33,415 | 14,671 | 18,744 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 12.6 | |
1968 | 1,502,000 | 33,173 | 15,933 | 17,240 | 22.1 | 10.6 | 11.5 | |
1969 | 1,513,000 | 32,428 | 16,338 | 16,090 | 21.4 | 10.8 | 10.6 | |
1970 | 1,525,000 | 32,086 | 16,551 | 15,535 | 21.0 | 10.9 | 10.2 | |
1971 | 1,540,000 | 31,765 | 16,202 | 15,563 | 20.6 | 10.5 | 10.1 | |
1972 | 1,539,000 | 29,994 | 17,032 | 12,962 | 19.5 | 11.1 | 8.4 | |
1973 | 1,530,000 | 29,200 | 17,669 | 11,531 | 19.1 | 11.5 | 7.5 | |
1974 | 1,527,000 | 27,160 | 17,327 | 9,833 | 17.8 | 11.3 | 6.4 | |
1975 | 1,524,000 | 26,130 | 16,511 | 9,619 | 17.2 | 10.8 | 6.4 | |
1976 | 1,524,000 | 26,361 | 17,030 | 9,331 | 17.3 | 11.2 | 6.1 | |
1977 | 1,523,000 | 25,437 | 16,921 | 8,516 | 16.7 | 11.1 | 5.6 | |
1978 | 1,523,000 | 26,239 | 16,153 | 10,086 | 17.2 | 10.6 | 6.6 | |
1979 | 1,528,000 | 28,178 | 16,811 | 11,367 | 18.4 | 11.0 | 7.4 | |
1980 | 1,533,000 | 28,582 | 16,835 | 11,747 | 18.6 | 11.0 | 7.7 | |
1981 | 1,543,000 | 27,166 | 16,256 | 10,910 | 17.6 | 10.5 | 7.1 | 2.79 |
1982 | 1,545,000 | 26,872 | 15,918 | 10,954 | 17.4 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 2.59 |
1983 | 1,551,000 | 27,026 | 16,039 | 10,987 | 17.4 | 10.3 | 7.1 | 2.53 |
1984 | 1,557,000 | 27,477 | 15,692 | 11,785 | 17.6 | 10.1 | 7.5 | 2.51 |
1985 | 1,565,000 | 27,427 | 15,955 | 11,472 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 2.50 |
1986 | 1,574,000 | 27,975 | 16,065 | 11,910 | 17.8 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 2.45 |
1987 | 1,582,000 | 27,653 | 15,334 | 12,319 | 17.5 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 2.44 |
1988 | 1,585,000 | 27,514 | 15,813 | 11,701 | 17.4 | 10.0 | 7.4 | 2.39 |
1989 | 1,590,000 | 25,831 | 15,844 | 9,987 | 16.2 | 10.0 | 6.2 | 2.35 |
1990 | 1,596,000 | 26,251 | 15,426 | 10,825 | 16.5 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 2.19 |
1991 | 1,607,000 | 26,028 | 15,096 | 10,932 | 16.2 | 9.4 | 6.9 | 2.21 |
1992 | 1,623,000 | 25,354 | 14,988 | 10,366 | 15.6 | 9.2 | 6.4 | 2.16 |
1993 | 1,636,000 | 24,722 | 15,633 | 9,089 | 15.1 | 9.6 | 5.5 | 2.08 |
1994 | 1,644,000 | 24,098 | 15,114 | 8,984 | 14.7 | 9.2 | 5.5 | 2.01 |
1995 | 1,649,000 | 23,693 | 15,310 | 8,383 | 14.4 | 9.3 | 5.1 | 1.95 |
1996 | 1,662,000 | 24,382 | 15,218 | 9,164 | 14.7 | 9.2 | 5.5 | 1.91 |
1997 | 1,671,000 | 24,087 | 14,971 | 9,116 | 14.4 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 1.95 |
1998 | 1,678,000 | 23,668 | 14,993 | 8,675 | 14.1 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 1.93 |
1999 | 1,679,000 | 22,957 | 15,663 | 7,294 | 13.7 | 9.3 | 4.3 | 1.90 |
2000 | 1,683,000 | 21,512 | 14,903 | 6,609 | 12.8 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 1.86 |
2001 | 1,689,000 | 21,962 | 14,513 | 7,449 | 13.0 | 8.6 | 4.4 | 1.75 |
2002 | 1,697,000 | 21,385 | 14,586 | 6,799 | 12.6 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 1.81 |
2003 | 1,703,000 | 21,648 | 14,462 | 7,186 | 12.7 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 1.76 |
2004 | 1,710,000 | 22,318 | 14,354 | 7,964 | 13.0 | 8.4 | 4.7 | 1.79 |
2005 | 1,724,000 | 22,328 | 14,224 | 8,104 | 12.9 | 8.2 | 4.7 | 1.84 |
2006 | 1,742,000 | 23,272 | 14,532 | 8,740 | 13.4 | 8.3 | 5.0 | 1.84 |
2007 | 1,759,000 | 24,451 | 14,649 | 9,802 | 13.9 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 1.90 |
2008 | 1,775,000 | 25,631 | 14,907 | 10,724 | 14.4 | 8.4 | 6.0 | 1.98 |
2009 | 1,789,000 | 24,910 | 14,413 | 10,497 | 13.9 | 8.1 | 5.8 | 2.05 |
2010 | 1,799,000 | 25,315 | 14,457 | 10,858 | 14.1 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 2.02 |
2011 | 1,809,000 | 25,273 | 14,204 | 11,069 | 14.0 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 2.02 |
2012 | 1,820,000 | 25,269 | 14,756 | 10,513 | 14.0 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 2.03 |
2013 | 1,830,000 | 24,277 | 14,968 | 9,309 | 13.3 | 8.2 | 5.1 | 1.95 |
2014 | 1,840,000 | 24,394 | 14,678 | 9,716 | 13.3 | 8.0 | 5.3 | 1.96 |
2015 | 1,851,000 | 24,215 | 15,553 | 8,662 | 13.1 | 8.4 | 4.7 | 1.94 |
2016 | 1,862,000 | 24,076 | 15,430 | 8,646 | 12.9 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 1.93 |
2017 | 1,871,000 | 23,075 | 16,036 | 7,039 | 12.3 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 1.85 |
2018 | 1,882,000 | 22,829 | 15,923 | 6,906 | 12.1 | 8.5 | 3.6 | 1.83 |
2019 | 1,893,700 | 22,447 | 15,758 | 6,689 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 1.80 |
2020 | 1,896,000 | 20,815 | 17,614 | 3,201 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 1.7 | 1.68 |
2021 | 1,903,175 | 22,071 | 17,558 | 4,513 | 11.6 | 9.2 | 2.4 | 1.79 |
2022 | 1,910,500 | 20,837 | 17,159 | 3,678 | 10.9 | 9.0 | 1.9 | 1.71 |
2023 | 19,977 | 17,254 | 2,723 |
Current vital statistics
[edit]Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January–July 2023 | 11,577 | 10,172 | +1,405 |
January–July 2024 | 11,509 | 10,913 | +596 |
Difference | ![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
See also
[edit]- Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
- Demographics of the United Kingdom
- Politics of Northern Ireland
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Anderson, James; Shuttleworth, Ian (1998). "Sectarian demography, territoriality and political development in Northern Ireland". Political Geography. 17 (2): 187–208. doi:10.1016/S0962-6298(97)00035-8. ISSN 0962-6298. PMID 12348611.
- ^ Specia, Megan; O'Loughlin, Ed (22 September 2022). "Catholics Outnumber Protestants in Northern Ireland for the First Time". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Cooley, Laurence (30 August 2021). "Census politics in Northern Ireland from the Good Friday Agreement to Brexit: Beyond the 'sectarian headcount'?". The British Journal of Politics and International Relations. 23 (3): 451–470. doi:10.1177/1369148120959045. S2CID 228856031.
- ^ "More Catholics than Protestants in Northern Ireland for first time, census finds". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Communal counting: The Northern Ireland census". 6 March 2019.
- ^ "Census 2021: More from Catholic background in NI than Protestant". BBC News. 22 September 2022.
- ^ Pepper, Diarmuid. "'Historic' shift for Northern Ireland but what do the Census findings tell us about its future?". The Journal.
- ^ "Why drawing political claims from NI census is problematic". RTE. 26 September 2022.
- ^ Coulter, Colin; Flaherty, Eoin; Shirlow, Peter (20 September 2023). "'Seismic' or stalemate? The (bio)politics of the 2021 Northern Ireland Census". Space and Polity. 27: 57–77. doi:10.1080/13562576.2023.2260153.
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- ^ "Population Clock". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ "Statistical Classification and Delineation of Settlements" (PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. February 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d Part of Belfast metropolitan area
- ^ "NI migrant population triples in decade, says study". BBC News. 26 June 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service" (XLS). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
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- ^ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2014 to December 2014". Office for National Statistics. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2016. Figures given are the central estimates. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.
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- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ a b c "Census 2021 main statistics language tables". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
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- ^ "2011 Census - Key Statistics for Northern Ireland - Report" (PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (22 September 2022). "Catholics outnumber Protestants in Northern Ireland for first time". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Census 2021 main statistics religion tables". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Religion - 4 Categories". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "National identity by Cencus Data Zone 2011". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by Cencus Data Zone 2011". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Census Data". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ "National identity by religion 2021". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by DEA 2011". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by DEA 2021". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by age group 2011". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by age group 2021". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ "National identity by Age". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
- ^ "Passports Held - 18 Categories by Religion or Religion Brought Up In". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service". Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland Statistics Bulletin December 2012, Accessed 22 December 2012
- ^ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750–1975
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- ^ "Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Population and vital events, 1926-2014" (PDF). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ "Births". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "Deaths". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Further reading
[edit]- Kaufmann, Eric (2011). "Demographic Change and Conflict in Northern Ireland: Reconciling Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence" (PDF). Ethnopolitics. 10 (3–4): 369–389. doi:10.1080/17449057.2011.596117. ISSN 1744-9057. S2CID 10882870.