Trichome October 14, 2016 thcscience_admin This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. This table lists the vowel letters of the International Phonetic Alphabet. IPA: Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded name height backness roundness IPA number IPA text IPA image Entity X-SAMPA Sound sample Close front unrounded vowel close front unrounded 301 i i i Sound sampleⓘ Close front rounded vowel close front rounded 309 y y y Sound sampleⓘ Close central unrounded vowel close central unrounded 317 ɨ ɨ 1 Sound sampleⓘ Close central rounded vowel close central rounded 318 ʉ ʉ } Sound sampleⓘ Close back unrounded vowel close back unrounded 316 ɯ ɯ M Sound sampleⓘ Close back rounded vowel close back rounded 308 u u u Sound sampleⓘ Near-close front unrounded vowel near-close front unrounded 319 ɪ ɪ I Sound sampleⓘ Near-close front rounded vowel near-close front rounded 320 ʏ ʏ Y Sound sampleⓘ Near-close back rounded vowel near-close back rounded 321 ʊ ʊ U Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid front unrounded vowel close-mid front unrounded 302 e e e Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid front rounded vowel close-mid front rounded 310 ø ø 2 Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid central unrounded vowel close-mid central unrounded 397 ɘ ɘ @\ Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid central rounded vowel close-mid central rounded 323 ɵ ɵ 8 Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid back unrounded vowel close-mid back unrounded 315 ɤ ɤ 7 Sound sampleⓘ Close-mid back rounded vowel close-mid back rounded 307 o o o Sound sampleⓘ Mid central vowel mid central undefined 322 ə ə @ Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid front unrounded vowel open-mid front unrounded 303 ɛ ɛ E Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid front rounded vowel open-mid front rounded 311 œ œ 9 Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid central unrounded vowel open-mid central unrounded 326 ɜ ɜ 3 Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid central rounded vowel open-mid central rounded 395 ɞ ɞ 3\ Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid back unrounded vowel open-mid back unrounded 314 ʌ ʌ V Sound sampleⓘ Open-mid back rounded vowel open-mid back rounded 306 ɔ ɔ O Sound sampleⓘ Near-open front unrounded vowel near-open front unrounded 325 æ æ { Sound sampleⓘ Near-open central vowel near-open central undefined 324 ɐ ɐ 6 Sound sampleⓘ Open front unrounded vowel open front unrounded 304 a a a Sound sampleⓘ Open front rounded vowel open front rounded 312 ɶ ɶ & Sound sampleⓘ Open back unrounded vowel open back unrounded 305 ɑ ɑ A Sound sampleⓘ Open back rounded vowel open back rounded 313 ɒ ɒ Q Sound sampleⓘ See also[edit] List of consonants Index of phonetics articles International Phonetic Alphabet (chart)IPA topicsIPA International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA) Special topics Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects Encodings ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille ConsonantsPulmonic consonants Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal Manner ↓ Bilabial Labiodental Linguolabial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal/epiglottal Glottal Nasal m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̼ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̼ d̼ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ tʂ dʐ tɕ dʑ Non-sibilant affricate pɸ bβ p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ cç ɟʝ kx ɡɣ qχ ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔh Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ̊˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ̞ Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆ Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r̥ r ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ Lateral affricate tɬ dɮ tꞎ d𝼅 c𝼆 ɟʎ̝ k𝼄 ɡʟ̝ Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ꞎ 𝼅 𝼆 ʎ̝ 𝼄 ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ̠ Lateral tap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ 𝼈̥ 𝼈 ʎ̆ ʟ̆ IPA help audio full chart template Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible. Non-pulmonic consonants BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG Ejective Stop pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ ʡʼ Affricate p̪fʼ t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ tʂʼ kxʼ qχʼ Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ Lateral affricate tɬʼ c𝼆ʼ k𝼄ʼ q𝼄ʼ Lateral fricative ɬʼ Click(top: velar;bottom: uvular) Tenuis kʘqʘ kǀqǀ kǃqǃ k𝼊q𝼊 kǂqǂ Voiced ɡʘɢʘ ɡǀɢǀ ɡǃɢǃ ɡ𝼊ɢ𝼊 ɡǂɢǂ Nasal ŋʘɴʘ ŋǀɴǀ ŋǃɴǃ ŋ𝼊ɴ𝼊 ŋǂɴǂ ʞ Tenuis lateral kǁqǁ Voiced lateral ɡǁɢǁ Nasal lateral ŋǁɴǁ Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ ʛ Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥ IPA help audio full chart template Co-articulated consonants Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡pd͡b Labial–alveolar k͡pɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal q͡p Labial–uvular Fricative/approximant ɥ̊ɥ Labial–palatal ʍw Labial–velar ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Implosive ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ɠ͡ɓ Labial–velar Ejective t͡pʼ Labial–alveolar IPA help full chart template Other Nasal labial–velar approximant [w̃] Nasal palatal approximant [j̃] Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆] Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥] Voiceless nasal glottal approximant [h̃] Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u Near-close ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞ Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ Near-open æ ɐ Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ IPA help audio full chart template Legend: unrounded • rounded