| Cyvirus cyprinidallo1 | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Peploviricota |
| Class: | Herviviricetes |
| Order: | Herpesvirales |
| Family: | Alloherpesviridae |
| Genus: | Cyvirus |
| Species: | Cyvirus cyprinidallo1
|
| Synonyms | |
| |
Cyvirus cyprinidallo1, also known as Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Cyprinivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.[1]
CyHV1 causes carp pox, also known as epithelioma papillosum in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).[2] Cases of CyHV1 are found worldwide and the observed symptoms as a result of infection are both systemic and highly lethal.[3] Evaluations of virus production in relation to temperature demonstrated temperature’s influence on pathogenicity and replication.[3] This, combined with CyHV1’s high mortality rate, may have implications on the common carp population as water temperatures warm with increasing global temperatures.
Background[edit]
Although the symptoms that appear in common carp as a result of CyHV1 have been noted for centuries, the virus was only isolated and classified as a herpesvirus in 1985.[4][5] It is the first of the Cyprinid herpesviruses to be discovered. Viral etiology dates back to 1907, however, isolation was not successful until 1985.[5][6][7] CyHV1 has yet to be cultured, likely because of host and tissue specificity associated with most herpesviruses.[4]
Genome[edit]
Whole genome sequencing revealed that the Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 genome is approximately 291,144 bp, however, this number may be variable due to tandem reiterations.[6] Heterogeneous genome size is often observed in other species of herpesviruses.[6] These short yet complex tandem reiterations are most often seen in the terminal direct repeats; the most prevalent being the telomere-like repeats located towards the genome ends.[6] Although this is characteristic of all Cyvirus species, the telomere-like repeats are the biggest in CyHV1.[6]
The CyHV1 virus has approximately 143 open reading frames (ORFs) in the genome and splicing between protein-coding regions affects 8 of these ORFs.[6] Five gene families have been identified.[6] CyHV1 has multiple genes from each of the ORF2, TNFR, ORF25, RING, and JUNB families.[6] The JUNB family is not seen in other species of Cyvirus and is the first reported JUNB-related sequence found in herpesviruses.[6] JUNB is an oncogene, which may play a role in tumour development as a result of infection with CyHV1.[2][6]
Pathology[edit]
There appear to be two systemic phases of infection, acute and recurring.[6] The initial acute phase is lethal, and survivors often experience the recurring, non-lethal proliferative epidermal phase.[6]
Common carp infected with Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 have been shown to exhibit atypical swimming behaviours, protrusion of the eyes from their cavities, darkening of the skin, and hemorrhaging across the body and the operculum.[2] In the fish that were approaching death, they were observed to have tissue death in the liver, kidney, and intestines.[2] Some of the necrotic cells had been observed to have Cowdry Type A intranuclear inclusion bodies. Infection is more commonly characterized by epidermal tumour growths and hyperplasia.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d e McAllister, P. E.; Lidgerding, B. C.; Herman, R. L.; Hoyer, L. C.; Hankins, J. (1985). "Viral Diseases of Fish: First Report of Carp Pox in Golden Ide (Leuciscus Idus) in North America". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 21 (3): 199–204. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-21.3.199. ISSN 0090-3558. PMID 2993681.
- ^ a b Hanson, L.; Doszpoly, A.; van Beurden, S. J.; de Oliveira Viadanna, P. H.; Waltzek, T. (2016), "Alloherpesviruses of Fish", Aquaculture Virology, Elsevier, pp. 153–172, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00009-7, ISBN 978-0-12-801573-5, retrieved 2024-03-27
- ^ a b Hanson, L.; Dishon, A.; Kotler, M. (2011). "Herpesviruses that infect fish". Viruses. 3 (11): 2160–2191. doi:10.3390/v3112160. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3230846. PMID 22163339.
- ^ a b Sano, T.; Fukuda, H.; Furukawa, M. (1985). "Herpesvirus cyprini: Biological and oncogenic properties". Fish Pathology. 20 (2–3): 381–388. doi:10.3147/jsfp.20.381. ISSN 0388-788X.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Davison, A. J.; Kurobe, T.; Gatherer, D.; Cunningham, C.; Korf, I.; Fukuda, H.; Hedrick, R. P.; Waltzek, T. B. (2013). "Comparative genomics of carp herpesviruses". Journal of Virology. 87 (5): 2908–2922. doi:10.1128/JVI.03206-12. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 3571366. PMID 23269803.
- ^ Waldemar, L. (1907). "Einschlussartige Zell- und Kernveränderungen in der Karpfenpocke". Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung (in German). 5 (2): 197–204. doi:10.1007/BF02015544. ISSN 0171-5216.
External links[edit]
Data related to Cyprinid herpesvirus 1 at Wikispecies
