Wording taken From: 85R1145 GCB-F
By: Menéndez S.B. No. 269
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT
(A)…..
![Senate Bill 269 Menendez Texas 2017](https://thcscience.wiki/colab/wp-content/uploads/sb269Menendez-Texas2017-1024x414.jpg)
(The following information cites at least 2 related Scientific or Medical journals as resources citing topics specifically related to the “qualifying” disease, syndrome, or disability. )
cancer,
![Cannabis Interaction with Cancer](https://thcscience.wiki/colab/wp-content/uploads/FLOW-1-300x190.png)
- Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents in cancer: current status and future implications
“The pharmacological importance of cannabinoids has been in study for several years. Cannabinoids comprise of (a) the active compounds of the Cannabis sativa plant, (b) endogenous as well as (c) synthetic cannabinoids. Though cannabinoids are clinically used for anti-palliative effects, recent studies open a promising possibility as anti-cancer agents. They have been shown to possess anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects in vitro as well as in vivo in different cancer models. Cannabinoids regulate key cell signaling pathways that are involved in cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, etc. There is more focus on CB1 and CB2, the two cannabinoid receptors which are activated by most of the cannabinoids. In this review article, we will focus on a broad range of cannabinoids, their receptor dependent and receptor independent functional roles against various cancer types with respect to growth, metastasis, energy metabolism, immune environment, stemness and future perspectives in exploring new possible therapeutic opportunities.”
Cited by 45 - [HTML] Behavioral analysis of marijuana effects on food intake in humans RW Foltin, JV Brady, MW Fischman – Pharmacology Biochemistry and …, 1986 – Elsevier… Keywords. Marijuana; THC; Cannabis; Food intake; Eating; Humans. References. 1. EL Abel; Effects of marihuana on the solution of anagrams, memory and appetite. … CT Tart; Marijuana intoxication: Common experiences. Nature, 226 (1970), pp. 701–704.
Cited by 163 - [HTML] Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in human prostate PC‐3 cells via a receptor‐independent mechanismL Ruiz, A Miguel, I Dı́az-Laviada – FEBS letters, 1999 – Abstract. The effect of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psycho-active component of marijuana, in human prostate cancer cells PC-3 was investigated. THC caused apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
Cited by 127 - [PDF] Marijuana smoking and head and neck cancer M Hashibe, DE Ford, ZF Zhang – The Journal of Clinical …, 2002 – Wiley Online Library… It will be of interest to examine the association of THC levels and cancer in epidemiological … DarlingMR, Arendorf TM: Effects of cannabis smoking on oral soft tissues … Sidney S, Quesenberry CPJr, Friedman GD, Tekawa IS: Marijuana use and cancer incidence (California, United …
Cited by 53
glaucoma,
- [HTML] Marijuana smoking vs cannabinoids for glaucoma therapy
K Green – Archives of Ophthalmology, 1998 –
… References. related icon Related. Download PDF Top of Article: Abstract; MEDICAL EFFECTS; OCULAR EFFECTS; MARIJUANA SMOKING AS TREATMENT FOR GLAUCOMA; CANNABINOIDS FOR GLAUCOMA TREATMENT;
Cited by 91 - [PDF] Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the treatment of end-stage open-angle glaucoma.
AJ Flach – Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 2002 –
… INFORMED CONSENT All subjects read, discussed, and signed the form entitled Consent to Be a Research Subject in the California Cannabis Therapeutic Progam. They were informed that the use of THC or marijuana for the treatment of Page 3. 217 …
Cited by 42 - [BOOK] Cannabis in medical practice: A legal, historical and pharmacological overview of the therapeutic use of marijuana
RN Mary Lynn Mathre – 1997 – books.google.com … ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION Mary Lynn Mathre 1 Part I. Legal Dilemmas of Cannabis Prohibition 11 1. People Behind the Pain Norman Elliott Kent 13 2. Legal Issues Related to the Medical Use of Marijuana Kevin B … Use of Cannabis or THC in Psychiatry …
Cited by 48
positive status for human immunodeficiency virus,
- [HTML]Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial
RJ Ellis, W Toperoff, F Vaida… – 2009 – nature.com… investigations of the possible benefits of cannabis (marijuana) as a medicinal agent for a variety of conditions, including neuropathic pain due to HIV distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN). The most abundant active ingredient in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its …
Cited by 292 - [PDF] Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms E Woolridge, S Barton, J Samuel, J Osorio… – Journal of pain and …, 2005 – Elsevier… but also other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), that may mitigate psychotic mood effects of THC. … positive men in the Sydney Men and Sexual Health study reported therapeutic use of cannabis. … of 72 patients at a clinic in Alabama reported the medical use of marijuana.
Cited by 119 - [PDF] africanhemp.co.za Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers: caloric intake, mood, and sleep
M Haney, EW Gunderson, J Rabkin… – JAIDS Journal of …, 2007 –
Objectives: Individuals with HIV constitute the largest group using cannabinoids for medicinal reasons.
Cited by 110 - [PDF] The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS – EE Lutge, A Gray, N Siegfried – The Cochrane Library, 2013 –
… European countries such as the Netherlands, where the concept of “medical marijuana” has gained … While cannabis has been used for centuries for its psychoactive properties, THC and various … Most recently (in 2005), a combination of THC and a non-psychoactive cannabinoid …
Cited by 60 - Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV+ marijuana smokers: acute effects on caloric intake and mood
M Haney, J Rabkin, E Gunderson, RW Foltin – Psychopharmacology, 2005 – Springer
… delta 9-THCV) as a marker for the ingestion of cannabis versus Marinol. … Press, New Haven Google Scholar. Hall W, Degenhardt L (2003) Medical marijuana initiatives: are … Comer SD, Foltin RW, Fischman MW (1999a) Abstinence symptoms following oral THC administration to …
Cited by 92
acquired immune deficiency syndrome,
- [HTML] Tolerance to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. PJ Winsauer, PE Molina, AM Amedee… 2011 – … Meulenbelt, J. (2009). Cognitive and psychomotor effects in males after smoking a combination of tobacco and cannabis containing up to 69 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). … Clinical studies of cannabis tolerance and dependence. … Marijuana, immunity and infection.
Cited by 22 - [PDF] Cannabinoid receptors in microglia of the central nervous system: immune functional relevance
GA Cabral, F Marciano-Cabral – Journal of leukocyte biology, 2005 – Soc Leukocyte Biology… 4 ). Similarly, the partial agonist THC (K i =42 nM) and the agonist CP55940 (K i =0.9 nM … Marihuana ’84: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Cannabis IRL Oxford, UK. … Structural and functional differences between non-smokers and smokers of marijuana in vitro Lab.
Cited by 145
hepatitis C,
In conclusion, daily cannabis smoking is significantly associated with fibrosis progression during CHC. Patients with ongoing CHC should be advised to refrain from regular cannabis use. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;.) – Daily cannabis smoking as a risk factor for progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C† Authors Christophe Hézode, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Son Nguyen, Pascale Grenard, Boris Julien, Elie-Serge Zafrani, Jean-Michel Pawlostky, Daniel Dhumeaux, Sophie Lotersztajn, Ariane Mallat – First published: 12 May 2005 Full publication history Cited by: 120 articles
- [PDF] Cannabis use improves retention and virological outcomes in patients treated for hepatitis C DL Sylvestre, BJ Clements… – European journal of …, 2006 Objectives: Despite the widespread use of polypharmacy, the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) tr.
Cited by 61
- [HTML] Marijuana Smoking Does Not Accelerate Progression of Liver Disease in HIV–Hepatitis C Coinfection: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis …, EEM Moodie, K Rollet, C Cooper… – Clinical Infectious …, 2013 – Survival in patients with HIV infection and viral hepatitis B or C: a cohort study. AIDS 2004;18:2039-45. … R. . Cannabidiol causes activated hepatic stellate cell death through a mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2011;2:e170. …
Cited by 27
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: delayed disease progression in mice by treatment with a cannabinoid – C Raman, SD McAllister, G Rizvi, SG Patel… – Amyotrophic Lateral …, 2004 – Taylor & Francis… Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001; 18: 264–270. 7. Hampson A, Grimaldi M, Axelrod J, Wink D. Cannabidiol and (-)Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. …
Cited by 98 - [PDF] Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – GT Carter, BS Rosen – American Journal of Hospice and Palliative …, 2001 – Further investigation into the usefulness of marijuana in this setting is warranted. Key words: ALS, cannabidiol, canna- binoids, cannabinol, marijuana, symp- tom management Introduction …
Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Gregory T. Carter, MD …
Cited by 65 - Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – D Amtmann, P Weydt, KL Johnson 2004 … 95 American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine Volume 21, Number 2, March/April 2004 Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Dagmar Amtmann, PhD Patrick Weydt, MD Kurt L. Johnson, PhD Mark P. Jensen, PhD Gregory T. Carter, MD
Cited by 88 - The endocannabinoid system in the inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes of multiple sclerosis and of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – S Rossi, G Bernardi, D Centonze – Experimental neurology, 2010 – Elsevier – Multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), featured by a complex interplay betwee.
Cited by 54 - Cannabis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: hypothetical and practical applications, and a call for clinical trials – GT Carter, ME Abood, SK Aggarwal… – American Journal of, 2010 – to have distinct pharmacologi- cal properties that are quite different from cannabidiol. … A 4V superoxide dismutase mutation in apparently sporadic ALS resembling neural- gic amyotrophy. …neuron degeneration in the G93A mutant SOD1 rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Cited by 28 - [PDF] The endocannabinoid system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis LG Bilsland, L Greensmith – Current pharmaceutical design, 2008 –… ABBREVIATIONS 2-AG = 2-Arachidonoylglycerol AEA = Anandamide ALS = Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis AMPA = -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4- propionic acid hydrate ATP = Adenosine triphosphate CBD = Cannabidiol CNS = Central nervous system COX2
Cited by 26 - [PDF] researchgate.net The (endo) cannabinoid system in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – D Centonze, S Rossi, A Finazzi‐Agrò… – International review of …, 2007 – Elsevier… International Review of Neurobiology. Volume 82, 2007, Pages 171–186. Neuroinflammation in Neuronal Death and Repair. The (Endo)Cannabinoid System in Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. …
Cited by 27
Crohn’s disease,
- Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study T Naftali, LBL Schleider, I Dotan, EP Lansky… – Clinical …, 2013 – Elsevier... reported to produce beneficial effects for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, but this has …Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Crohn’s Disease; Cannabinoids; Endocannabinoid; Inflammation. … CBD, cannabidiol; CDAI, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index; CRP, C-reactive protein; IBD …
Cited by 87 - [PDF] theroc.us Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview – G Esposito, DD Filippis, C Cirillo, T Iuvone… – Phytotherapy …, 2013 … natural cannabinoids comprise Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), cannabichromene, cannabidiol (CBD) and … a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of those diseases characterized by … reported that Cannabis may have a positive effect on Crohn’s disease features, Cited by 38
- [PDF] Crohn’s disease: beyond antagonists of tumour necrosis factor L Peyrin-Biroulet, P Desreumaux, WJ Sandborn… – The Lancet, 2008 – Elsevier … Crohn’s disease: beyond antagonists of tumour necrosis factor. … Summary. In the past few years, antagonists of tumour necrosis factor have resulted in unforetold therapeutic benefits in Crohn’s disease, but the magnitude and duration of responses are variable.
Cited by 98 - Cannabis use provides symptom relief in patients with inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with worse disease prognosis in patients with Crohn’s disease M Storr, S Devlin, GG Kaplan… – … bowel diseases, 2014 – … Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Wolters Kluwer
Cited by 38
ulcerative colitis,
-
F Borrelli, G Aviello, B Romano, P Orlando… – Journal of molecular …, 2009 – Springer
… disorders collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include Crohn’s disease and
ulcerative colitis. necrosis <1 cm; 4, ulceration/necrosis <2 cm; 5, ulceration/necrosis >2 … main
non-psychotropic ingredients of marijuana, in the DNBS model of experimental colitis. …Cited by 80
-
Cannabis use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease
S Lal, N Prasad, M Ryan, S Tangri… – European journal of …, 2011 – journals.lww.com… Skip Navigation Links Home > October 2011 – Volume 23 – Issue 10 > Cannabis
use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel diseas…Cited by 53
agitation of Alzheimer’s disease,
-
[HTML] A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer’s disease pathology
LM Eubanks, CJ Rogers, AE Beuscher IV… – Molecular …, 2006 – ncbi.nlm.nih.govAbstract Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly, and with
the ever-increasing size of this population, cases of Alzheimer’s disease are expected to
triple over the next 50 years. Consequently, the development of treatments that slow or haltCited by 139 -
[HTML] Alzheimer’s disease; taking the edge off with cannabinoids?
VA Campbell, A Gowran – British journal of pharmacology, 2007 – Wiley Online Library… Cannabidiol (CBD) is the principal non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, with … Δ 9
–THC inhibits AChE, resulting in enhanced cholinergic transmission and reduced … AD, Alzheimer‘
disease; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; CB, cannabinoid; CBD, cannabinoid; Δ 9 –THC …Cited by 106
post-traumatic stress disorder,
- Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post–traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a revision of the 2005 guidelines … DS Baldwin, IM Anderson, DJ Nutt… – Journal of, 2014
Cited by 163 - [HTML] The endocannabinoid system as a possible target to treat both the cognitive and emotional features of post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) V Trezza, P Campolongo – Frontiers in behavioral …, 2013 … of PTSD neurobiology that hampers the identification of new pharmacological targets to treat this disorder. … It has been shown that there is a correlation between post–traumatic stress symptom severity and … to rats shortly after exposure to a series of intense stressful events have …
Cited by 39 - [PDF] Mitigation of post‐traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence T Passie, HM Emrich, M Karst, SD Brandt… – Drug testing and …, 2012 – evidence obtained from clinical studies shows that people suffering from post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may … that presents a challenge to homoeostasis, typically a perceived stress to the … In humans, acute and chronic stressful situations correspond with the secretion of …
Cited by 66 - [PDF] Effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on regional cerebral blood flow JA de Souza Crippa, AW Zuardi… – 2004 –… Post–traumatic. stress disorder: a review of psychobiology and pharmacotherapy. … Visual imagery and perception in. posttraumatic stress disorder. A positron emission tomographic. … Cerebral blood flow in subjects with. social phobia during stressful speaking tasks: a PET study.
Cited by 145
autism,
- The in vitro GcMAF effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and cell activity of autism-derived macrophages – Dario Siniscalco Email author, JamesJ effrey Bradstreet, Alessandra Cirillo and Nicola Antonucci Journal of Neuroinflammation 2014
Abstract – Background
Immune system dysregulation is well-recognized in autism and thought to be part of the etiology of this disorder. The endocannabinoid system is a key regulator of the immune system via the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) which is highly expressed on macrophages and microglial cells. We have previously published significant differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cell CB2R gene expression in the autism population. The use of the Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF), an endogenous glycosylated vitamin D binding protein responsible for macrophage cell activation has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of autistic children. In this current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of GcMAF treatment on the endocannabinoid system gene expression, as well as cellular activation in blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from autistic patients compared to age-matched healthy developing controls. -
Endocannabinoid signaling in autism
In the last 25 years a good deal of information has been accumulated on the main components of the “endocannabinoid (eCB) system”, a rather complex ensemble of lipid signals (“endocannabinoids”), their target receptors, purported transporters, and metabolic enzymes. It has been clearly documented that eCB signaling plays a key role in many human health and disease conditions of the central nervous system, thus opening the avenue to the therapeutic exploitation of eCB-oriented drugs for the treatment of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Here we present a modern view of the eCB system, and alterations of its main components in human patients and animal models relevant to ASD. This review will thus provide a critical perspective necessary to explore the potential exploitation of distinct elements of eCB system as targets of innovative therapeutics against ASD.
Cited by 3
sickle cell anemia,
-
Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors
MD Van Sickle, M Duncan, PJ Kingsley… – …, 2005 – science.sciencemag.orgAbstract The presence and function of CB 2 receptors in central nervous system (CNS)
neurons are controversial. We report the expression of CB 2 receptor messenger RNA and
protein localization on brainstem neurons. These functional CB 2 receptors in the brainstemCited by 1190
severe fibromyalgia,
- [HTML] CBD-enriched medical cannabis for intractable pediatric epilepsy: The current Israeli experience M Izadok, S Uliel-Siboni, I Linder, U Kramer, O Epstein… – Seizure, 2016 – Elsevier … in pediatric and adult patients, intractable Crohn’s disease and selected cases of severe fibromyalgia. … selective in their inclusion criteria and chose only patients with severe refractory epilepsy … Importantly, there was no difference in the baseline severity of epilepsy between the …
Cited by 17 - [HTML] Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabinoids in chronic pain associated with rheumatic diseases (fibromyalgia syndrome, back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid – MA Fitzcharles, C Baerwald, J Ablin, PDDW Häuser – Der Schmerz, 2016 – Springer (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) subscales were provided. … cannabis for medicinal reasons in 2013 were identified as suffering from “severe arthritis,” without … modes ofdrug, psychological and physical treatments and remain severely symptomatic and …
Cited by 7 - [PDF] Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia – B Walitt, P Klose, MA Fitzcharles, T Phillips…, 2016 – People often report severe limitations of daily functioning and poor health-related quality of life. … can be assessed by self report of the person using the fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for … at any dose, by any route, ad- ministered for the relief of fibromyalgia symptoms and …
Cited by 3 - [PDF] hindawi.com Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) treatment in chronic central neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia patients: results of a multicenter survey J Weber, M Schley, M Casutt, H Gerber, 2009 – … low appetite, paresthesia, muscle pain, and painful neuropathy [18, 19], and cannabidiol epresents a … delta 9-THC dose weekly by 2.5 mg and as long as no severe side effects … Only patients with a central neuropathic pain syndrome or fibromyalgia were included, irrespective
Cited by 17 - [HTML]Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistantEB Russo – Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 2016 … interventions that would boost AEA levels or desensitize TRPV1, such as cannabidiol (CBD), to Fibromyalgia is noteworthy for its characteristic painful nodules dubbed as trigger points that are … prevalent in the shoulder and neck that are frequently of sufficient severity to limit…
Cited by 2
spinal cord disease,
-
Treatment of Human Spasticity with Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol
DJ PETRO, C Ellenberger –Abstract: Spasticity is a common neurologic condition in patients with multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral palsy or an injured spinal cord. Animal studies suggest that THC has an inhibitory effect on polysynaptic reflexes. Some spastic patients claim improvement after inhaling cannabis. We tested muscle tone, reflexes, strength and performed EMGs before and after double-blinded oral administration of either 10 or 5 mg THC or placebo. The blinded examiner correctly identified the trials in which the patients received THC in seven of nine cases. For the group, 10 mg THC significantly reduced spasticity by clinical measurement (P < 0.01). Quadriceps EMG interference pattern was reduced in those four patients with primarily extensor spasticity. THC was administered to eight other patients with spasticity and other CNS lesions. Responses varied, but benefit was seen in three of three patients with “tonic spasms.” No benefit was noted in patients with cerebellar disease.
Cited by 228 -
ME Abood, G Rizvi, N Sallapudi, SD McAllister – Neuroscience letters, 2001 – Elsevier “We present for the first time evidence that the activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor effectively modulates kainate toxicity in primary neuronal cultures prepared from mouse spinal cord. Addition of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol to the culture medium attenuated the toxicity produced by kainate. The CB1 receptors were localized to spinal neurons and astrocytes. The neuroprotective effect was blocked with the CB1 receptor antagonist, SR141716A, indicating a receptor-mediated effect.”Cited by 121
spinal cord injury,
-
Cannabis effect on spasticity in spinal cord injury.
J Malec, RF Harvey, JJ Cayner – Archives of Physical Medicine and …, 1982 -“A study was done to examine the perceived effects of cannabis on spasticity of spinal cord injured persons. Data compiled from 43 questionnaires of spinal cord injured persons suggested the following: 1) spinal cord injured persons reported decreased spasticity with marijuana use; 2) present use of marijuana correlated positively with past use; and 3) the person’s reference or peer group contributed significantly to current use. The study suggests the need to examine the relationship between measurable and reported changes in spasticity.”Cited by 74 -
DT Wade, P Robson, H House, P Makela… – Clinical …, 2003 – Conclusions: Cannabis medicinal extracts can improve neurogenic symptoms unresponsive to standard treatments. Unwanted effects are predictable and generally well tolerated. Larger scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.Cited by 323
traumatic brain injury or
-
Cannabinoids and brain injury: therapeutic implications
R Mechoulam, D Panikashvili, E Shohami – Trends in molecular medicine, 2002 – Elsevier… In most of their pharmacological activities, these body constituents parallel the effects
of Δ 9 –THC, the active constituent of marijuana. … The cannabis plant constituent, Δ 9 –THC,
which is a cannabinoid receptor agonist, is also neuroprotective. …Cited by 240 -
Endocannabinoids and traumatic brain injury
R Mechoulam, E Shohami – Molecular neurobiology, 2007 – Springer“Moreover, the CB1, CB2, and TRVP1 receptors are expressed on microvascular endothelial cells, and their activation by 2-AG counteracts endothelin (ET-1)-induced cerebral microvascular responses (namely, Ca2+ mobilization and cytoskeleton rearrangement). This suggests that the functional interaction between 2-AG and ET-1 may provide a potential alternative pathway for abrogating ET-1-inducible vasoconstriction after brain injury and play a role in the neuroprotective effects exerted by 2-AG, as a potent vasodilator.”Cited by 86
post-concussion syndrome,
-
GL Iverson, RT Lange – The little black book of neuropsychology, 2011 – Springer… Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: a meta-analytic study. … in Iraq and
Afghanistan: persistent postconcussive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder. … Presence
of post–concussion syndrome symptoms in patients with chronic pain vs mild traumatic …Cited by 89 -
J Ponsford, P Cameron, M Fitzgerald… – Journal of …, 2011 – online.liebertpub.com… history (excluding psychosis), prior mTBI, and reported alcohol and/or cannabis use were …
screening for 16 axis I DSM-IV disorders and one personality disorder. … A controlled prospective
inception cohort study on the post–concussion syndrome outside the medicolegal context. …Cited by 131
chronic traumatic encephalopathy,
-
… He began using marijuana daily to alleviate headaches and anxiety and to improve sleep. … A review
of post–concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion. Brain Inj. …
In press. 6. Shen H. Researchers seek definition of head-trauma disorder. Nature. …Cited by 15 -
Enhancing neuropsychological performance in chronic cannabis users: The role of motivation
RB Macher, M Earleywine – Journal of clinical and experimental …, 2012 – Taylor & Francis… If chronic cannabis users did experience poor effort during assessment, but effort (and thus,
cognitive performance … Neuropsychological performance in long-term cannabis users … be more
inherently motivating to users than nonusers due to its mention of marijuana policy; however …Cited by 12
Parkinson’s disease,
-
Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson’s disease: subjective improvement of motor symptoms
K Venderová, E Růžička, V Voříšek… – 2004 – An anonymous questionnaire sent to all patients attending the Prague Movement Disorder Centre revealed that 25% of 339 respondents had taken cannabis and 45.9% of these described some form of benefit. © 2004 Movement Disorder SocietyCited by 75 -
Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease
AW Zuardi, JAS Crippa, JEC Hallak… – Journal of …, 2009 – “The management of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been considered a great challenge for clinicians and there is a need for new pharmacological intervention. Previously an antipsychotic and neuroprotective effect of Cannabidiol (CBD) has been suggested. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to directly evaluate for the first time, the efficacy, tolerability and safety of CBD on PD patients with psychotic symptoms. This was an open-label pilot study. Six consecutive outpatients (four men and two women) with the diagnosis of PD and who had psychosis for at least 3 months were selected for the study. All patients received CBD in flexible dose (started with an oral dose of 150 mg/day) for 4 weeks, in addition to their usual therapy. The psychotic symptoms evaluated by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Parkinson Psychosis Questionnaire showed a significant decrease under CBD treatment. CBD did not worsen the motor function and decreased the total scores of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. No adverse effect was observed during the treatment. These preliminary data suggest that CBD may be effective, safe and well tolerated for the treatment of the psychosis in PD.“Cited by 121 -
I Lastres-Becker, F Molina-Holgado, JA Ramos -2005 – “Cannabinoids have been reported to provide neuroprotection in acute and chronic neurodegeneration. In this study, we examined whether they are also effective against the toxicity caused by 6-hydroxydopamine, both in vivo and in vitro, which may be relevant to Parkinson’s disease (PD)”….”Daily administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during these 2 weeks produced a significant waning in the magnitude of these reductions, whereas it failed to affect dopaminergic parameters in the contralateral structures. This effect of Δ9-THC appeared to be irreversible since interruption of the daily administration of this cannabinoid after the 2-week period did not lead to the re-initiation of the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, the fact that the same neuroprotective effect was also produced by cannabidiol (CBD), another plant-derived cannabinoid with negligible affinity for cannabinoid CB1 receptors, suggests that the antioxidant properties of both compounds, which are cannabinoid receptor-independent, might be involved in these in vivo effects, although an alternative might be that the neuroprotection exerted by both compounds might be due to their anti-inflammatory potential. As a second objective, we examined whether cannabinoids also provide neuroprotection against the in vitro toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine. We found that the non-selective cannabinoid agonist HU-210 increased cell survival in cultures of mouse cerebellar granule cells exposed to this toxin. However, this effect was significantly lesser when the cannabinoid was directly added to neuronal cultures than when these cultures were exposed to conditioned medium obtained from mixed glial cell cultures treated with HU-210, suggesting that the cannabinoid exerted its major protective effect by regulating glial influence to neurons. In summary, our results support the view of a potential neuroprotective action of cannabinoids against the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine, which might be relevant for PD. Our data indicated that these neuroprotective effects might be due, among others, to the antioxidant properties of certain plant-derived cannabinoids, or exerted through the capability of cannabinoid agonists to modulate glial function, or produced by a combination of both mechanisms.”Cited by 225
-
CB Carroll, ML Zeissler, CO Hanemann… – Neuropathology and …, 2012 – Wiley Online LibraryParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of dopaminergic
neurones in the substantia nigra pars compacta with resulting neurochemical imbalance throughout
the basal ganglia [6]. Cannabinoids modulate neurotransmitter release within the basal gangliaCited by 38
muscular dystrophy, or
-
JD House, J Neufeld, G Leson – Journal of agricultural and food …, 2010 – ACS Publications… The commercial production of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Canada was permitted in 1998
following a long period of discontinuation … other countries was banned starting in the 1930s, due
to the presence of the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the …Cited by 52 -
JL Wilkerson, ED Milligan – ISRN anesthesiology, 2011 –“Under normal conditions, acute pain processing consists of well-characterized neuronal
signaling events. When dysfunctional pain signaling occurs, pathological pain ensues. Glial
activation and their released factors participate in the mediation of pathological pain. The
use of cannabinoid compounds for pain relief is currently an area of great interest for both
basic scientists and physicians. These compounds, bind mainly either the cannabinoid …’Cited by 9
Huntington’s disease;
-
Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington’s disease
P Consroe, J Laguna, J Allender, S Snider… – Pharmacology …, 1991 – Elsevier… G. Chesher, P. Consroe, R. Musty (Eds.), Marijuana: An international research report. … Quantitative
measurement of delta-9-THC and two major metabolites in physiological specimens … kinetics of
deuterium labelled delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol in heavy and light cannabis users. …Cited by 186 -
Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington’s disease
C Blázquez, A Chiarlone, O Sagredo, T Aguado… – Brain, 2011 – Oxford Univ Press… type 1 cannabinoid (CB 1 ) receptors, the same receptors targeted by Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC), the major active component of marijuana (Gaoni and … and Robertson, 2000; Lastres-Becker
et al., 2002; McCaw et al., 2004) of Huntington’s disease, a devastating …Cited by 107
(B) a chronic medical condition that produces, or the treatment of a chronic medical condition that produces:
(i) cachexia or wasting syndrome;
-
Cancer cachexia and cannabinoids
RW Gorter – Forschende Komplementärmedizin/Research in …, 1999 – “In 1986, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main effective constituent of cannabis, was licensed as an anti-emetic drug in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. In addition, in clinical studies THC has shown significant stimulation of appetite and increase of body weight in HIV-positive and cancer patients. The appetite- stimulating effect of cannabis itself has also been well documented in many anecdotal cases. There are strong indications that cannabis is better tolerated than THC alone, because cannabis contains several additional cannabinoids, like cannabidiol (CBD), which antagonize the psychotropic actions of THC, but do not inhibit the appetite-stimulating effect. Therefore, we intend to compare the therapeutic effects of whole- plant extracts of cannabis to those of THC (dronabinol) alone in controlled studies.”Cited by 39 -
“Of 289 patients screened, 243 were randomly assigned and 164 (CE, 66 of 95 patients; THC, 65 of 100 patients; and PL, 33 of 48 patients) completed treatment. At baseline, groups were comparable for age (mean, 61 years), sex (54% men), weight loss (32% ≥ 10%), PS (13% ECOG = 2), antineoplastic treatment (50%), appetite (mean VAS score, 31/100 mm), and QOL (mean score, 30/100). Intent-to-treat analysis showed no significant differences between the three arms for appetite, QOL, or cannabinoid-related toxicity. Increased appetite was reported by 73%, 58%, and 69% of patients receiving CE, THC, or PL, respectively. An independent data review board recommended termination of recruitment because of insufficient differences between study arms.
Conclusion – CE at the oral dose administered was well tolerated by these patients with CACS. No differences in patients’ appetite or QOL were found either between CE, THC, and PL or between CE and THC at the dosages investigated.”
Cited by 203
(ii) severe pain;
-
A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain
B Wilsey, T Marcotte, A Tsodikov, J Millman, H Bentley… – … Journal of Pain, 2008 – Elsevier… At least 12 hours before each session, 2 marijuana cigarettes were thawed and humidified by …
A cued-puff procedure 17 standardized the administration of the cannabis. … were subsequently
evaluated for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of delta-9-THC and metabolite …Cited by 204 -
Analgesic Effect of Delta‐9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol
R Noyes, S Brunk, DA Baram… – The Journal of Clinical …, 1975 – Wiley Online Library… and synthesis of delta-9-tetrahydrocan- miabinol (TI1C), the psychoactive in- gredient of cannabis,
has made … that, while Ofl the study, lie would receive varied doses of the active ingredient in
marijuana. … On successive days, placebo and 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg THC, all identical …Cited by 238 -
Jeremy R. Johnson, a, Mary Burnell-Nugent, b, Dominique Lossignol, c,
Elena Doina Ganae-Motan, d, Richard Potts, e, Marie T. Fallon,
“No significant group differences were found in the NRS sleep quality or nausea scores or the pain control assessment. However, the results from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Cancer Questionnaire showed a worsening in nausea and vomiting with THC:CBD compared with placebo (P = 0.02), whereas THC had no difference (P = 1.0). Most drug-related adverse events were mild/moderate in severity. This study shows that THC:CBD extract is efficacious for relief of pain in patients with advanced cancer pain not fully relieved by strong opioids.”
Cited by 185
(iii) severe nausea;
-
Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review
MR Tramèr, D Carroll, FA Campbell, DJM Reynolds… – Bmj, 2001 – bmj.com… Free text key words used were cannabinoids, cannabis, nabilone, tetrahydrocannabinol, THC,
marihuana, marijuana, levonantradol, dronabinol … in favour of cannabinoids was significant (table
2). A subgroup analysis, taking into account history of cannabis use, was …Cited by 549 -
RE Musty, R Rossi – Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2001 – Taylor & Francis… Page 10. JOURNAL OF CANNABIS THERAPEUTICS 38 TABLE 8. California Trials: Side Effects
Reported by Patients Smoked Smoked THC Alone THC Alone Marijuana Marijuana n = 98 %
n = 257 % Dry Mouth 53 56.5 112 44.8 Tachycardia 6 6.4 25 10.0 …Cited by 70
(iv) seizures, including those characteristic of epilepsy; or
-
BE Porter, C Jacobson – Epilepsy & Behavior, 2013 – Elsevier… The 2-year-old patient had experienced intractable seizures for 16 months before … The dosages
of THC contained within those samples were reported to range from 0 … information, parents reported
having their preparations tested at commercial medical cannabis testing facilities. …Cited by 142 -
MJ Wallace, RE Blair, KW Falenski, BR Martin… – … of Pharmacology and …, 2003 – ASPET“These data indicate not only anticonvulsant activity of exogenously applied cannabinoids but also suggest that endogenous cannabinoid tone modulates seizure termination and duration through activation of the CB1 receptor. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CB1 receptor protein expression was significantly increased throughout the CA regions of epileptic hippocampi. By demonstrating a role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in regulating seizure activity, these studies define a role for the endogenous cannabinoid system in modulating neuroexcitation and suggest that plasticity of the CB1 receptor occurs with epilepsy.”Cited by 252
(v) severe and persistent muscle spasms, including those characteristic of multiple sclerosis; or
-
Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis
DJ Rog, TJ Nurmikko, T Friede, CA Young – Neurology, 2005 – AAN EnterprisesMethods: We conducted a single-center, 5-week (1-week run-in, 4-week treatment),
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 66 patients with MS and
central pain states (59 dysesthetic, seven painful spasms) of a whole-plant cannabis-basedCited by 467 -
Randomized controlled trial of cannabis‐based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis
C Collin, P Davies, IK Mutiboko… – European Journal of …, 2007 – Wiley Online LibrarySymptoms relating to spasticity are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be difficult to
treat. We have investigated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a standardized oromucosal
whole plant cannabis-based medicine (CBM) containing D-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)Cited by 257
(C) any other medical condition approved as a debilitating medical condition by department rule or any symptom caused by the treatment of a medical condition that is approved as a debilitating medical condition by department rule.
*Cite count for each article is according to Google Scholar, No information provided here should be considered as Medical Advice or insinuate that cannabis be solely substituted for any current medication. Please contact your physician for any questions concerning the above information.
Information listed above was compiled by Lee West, founder of Good Acts, who advocates for Whole Plant research for medical cannabis.
Texas needs Compassionate relief in the form of Whole Plant Medicine.