| Jebli | |
|---|---|
| Jebelia | |
| Native to | Morocco |
| Ethnicity | Jbalas, Ghomaras, Sanhajas de Srayr |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (included in ary) |
| Glottolog | jebl1238[1] |
 Ethnolinguistic map of northern Morocco: purple represents Jebli-speaking areas, blue represents other pre-Hilalian Arabic-speaking areas (old Urban, Zerhoun and Sefrou area) | |
Jebli (Jebelia) is a possibly pre-Hilalian Arabic dialect spoken in the mountains of the north of Morocco.
The historical development of this Moroccan dialect is unclear.
The word jebli means "of/from the mountain". It is mainly spoken in the western and southern Rif by tribes of Sherifian, Berber and Morisco descent over the past ten centuries.
- Jbalas: all the forty-four tribes speak Jebli Arabic ;
- Ghomaras: out of nine tribes, seven are fully Jebli-speaking, the two remaining are partially Jebli-speaking with a significant Ghomara Berber-speaking community ;
- Sanhajas de Srayr: one Jebli-speaking tribe –Ketama– out of ten tribes, the remaining (nine) speak Sanhaja Berber ;
- Riffians: out of twenty tribes, six are fully or partially Arabophone; among them, five speak Mountain Arabic −Targuist, Aït Itteftf, Aït Boufrah, Mestasa and Metioua− while the last one –Settout– speak Hilalian Arabic ;
- Ghiatas, Maghraouas and Meknassas: the three tribes –that aren't part of any larger confederacy– are fully Jebli-speaking ;
- Tribes of Zerhoun (Zerahnas) and the neighborhood of Sefrou (Kechtala, Behalil and Yazgha): although not belonging to the same ethno-linguistic group than Jebalas, their pre-Hilalian dialects are sometimes classified as belonging to the same macro-family (westernmost pre-Hilalian village dialects) than Jebli.
Jebli is heavily influenced by Berber; the grammar of Jebli is almost Berber while most the words are Arabic. The vocabulary is highly influenced by Spanish.
Examples of Jebli[edit]
| Jebli | English translation | Source language/etymology |
|---|---|---|
| trawzez | blue jeans | trowsers (English) |
| assallas | darkness | asellas "darkness" (Berber) |
| karretēra | car road | carretera "paved road/highway" (Spanish) |
| ntina | you | (Classical Arabic) |
| âyyəl, ṭfel | boy | عائلة "family" (Classical Arabic); cf. Egyptian Arabic: ˤayyel "child" |
| sṭiṭu | little | (Berber) |
| ħami | warm | حام "feverish" (Classical Arabic); cf. Iraqi Arabic: ħɑ̄mi "warm" |
| qayla | sun | قائلة "resting" (spec. at noon time); due to the time of rest when the sun was at its highest point at noon (Classical Arabic) |
| jjro | dog | jaru "puppy" (Classical Arabic) |
| yəmma | mom | (Berber) |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jebli". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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