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Do not fill this in!==Origin paradigms== ===Medieval version=== The origins of the Scots have been the subject of numerous speculations over the centuries, including some extravagant ones, like the one made by [[Walter Bower]], abbot of [[Inchcolm Abbey]], in his ''[[Scotichronicon]]'', in which he argued that the Scots were descended from an [[Egypt]]ian [[pharaoh]] via the legendary princess Scota, who arrived in Scotland after traveling to Iberia and Ireland.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/the-pharaoh-s-daughter-who-was-the-mother-of-all-scots-1-466985| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160129005117/http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/the-pharaoh-s-daughter-who-was-the-mother-of-all-scots-1-466985| archive-date = 2016-01-29| title = The pharaoh's daughter who was the mother of all Scots - The Scotsman}} </ref> The traditional origin legends in Scotland were influenced by the ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'', the ''[[Lebor Gabála Érenn]]'' and the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. Ultimately, such conceptualizations can be derived from [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]'' and the [[Bible]]. In the ''[[Life of St Cathróe of Metz]]'', the [[hagiography|hagiographer]] recounts the mythological origin of the saint's people, the Gaels. The hagiographer recounts that they landed in the vicinity of [[Cruachan Feli]] - called the ''Mountain of Ireland''. He recounts that the Gaels conquered Ireland after a series of battles with the [[Picts]] (here ''Pictanes''). They followed up their conquest of Ireland by invading Britain, conquering Iona before conquering the cities of ''Rigmonath'' (=''Cennrigmonaid''; i.e. [[St Andrews]]) and ''Bellathor'' (=''Cinnbelathoir''; an unidentified Scoto-Pictish [[palace]]). Afterwards, their commander - a Spartan called ''Nel'' (=Niall) - named the land and people after his Egyptian wife [[Scota]]. The tale is astonishingly important, because it dates to about 980, an extremely early date, and has Scottish sources. Indeed, the saint himself is Scottish, born into the nobility. According to the ''Life'', he was educated in [[Armagh]], before returning to [[Scotland]] and entering the service of King [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II]] (Causantín mac Áeda). Constantine gave Cathróe conduct to the court of King [[Dyfnwal I of Strathclyde|Dyfnwal]] of [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]], and from there made his way to Viking England, and finally, the continent.{{ref|CathróeCitation}} Medieval Scottish [[genealogy|genealogies]] trace the origin of the Scots to [[Fergus Mór mac Eirc]], the legendary founder of [[Dál Riata]]. The ''[[Senchus fer n-Alban]]'' also contains the myth of Fergus. This is an older document, perhaps dating to the seventh century, that has been heavily interpolated with later material, probably including the mythological parts. Appended to the ''Míniugud Senchasa Fher nAlba'' in many manuscripts is the ''[[Genelaig Albanensium]]'', a list of genealogies relating to Gaelic rulers of Scotland going up to at least Constantine III (995–7) (it goes later in some of the manuscripts). It is likely that this material was inserted into the ''Míniugud'' in the early eleventh century.{{ref|MíniugudCitation}} In the ''[[Duan Albanach]]'', this tradition is re-enforced. It is known to have been written in the reign of King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (one line reads "Maelcoluim is now the king"). It recounts the earliest histories of the Picts, and then celebrates the conquest of the Picts by the ''Gaedhil''. It calls the Scottish Gaels the ''children of Conaire'' and the traces the descent of the Scottish kings from Fergus mac Eirc. It does not trace their descent any further, because in the manuscript the ''Duan Albanach'' follows from a companion piece, the ''[[Duan Eireannach]]'' (i.e. ''Irish Poem''), which had already recounted the history of the Gaels from [[Scythia]] via Egypt to Ireland.{{ref|DuanCitation}} These mythical traditions are incorporated into the [[Declaration of Arbroath]], and in that document origins from Ireland are omitted for the first time. They were believed in the early modern period and beyond, and even King [[James I of England|James VI]] traced his origin to Fergus, saying, in his own words, that he was a "Monarch sprunge of Ferguse race".{{ref|JamesCitation}} ===Goth versus Gael=== The [[Goths|Goth]] versus [[Gael]] model was developed in the context of a vast cultural and linguistic chasm which existed in [[Scotland in the early modern era]], and was invented in the context of the [[Anglo-Scottish Union]] and the [[Jacobite risings]] in the eighteenth century. The model originates ultimately in the later [[Middle Ages]], when the [[West Germanic languages|Germanic]]-speaking subjects of the Scottish king began to think of themselves as Scots, and began the ethnic and cultural disassociation of Scottish and Gaelic, previously two identical concepts, by calling their own brand of English ''Scottis'' and renaming ''Scottis'' as ''[[Scottish Gaelic#From the Middle Ages to the end of Classical Gaelic education|Erse]]''. Also important was the impact of the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]] and the [[Act of Union 1707|Union]]. [[Scots language|Scots]] imported English prejudices about the Irish Gaels, and in turn adapted them for the Scottish Gaels.{{ref|Goth1Citation}} The Goth versus Gael debate centred on which part of Scotland's past is the more important, the Germanic or the Celtic. [[Germanicists]], or ''Gothicists'' as they are sometimes called, attempted to disassociate Gaels and Gaelic from the Scottish past. One extreme example was [[John Pinkerton]], who believed passionately that the people and language of [[lowland Scotland]] derived from a [[Gothic language|Gothic]] [[dialect]] spoken by the Picts. John Pinkerton even invented ancient tales to give substance to this fictional ancient people. The main thrust of the Germanicist model was destroyed in the nineteenth century when [[William Forbes Skene]] and others brought medieval Scotland into the frame of serious, recognisably modern scholarship. Nevertheless, this model has had a lot of impact on popular understandings of medieval [[Scottish history]]. It explains, for instance, why some popular historians believe that English became the language of [[Lowland Scotland]] in the reign of Malcolm III, owing to the influence of his wife, the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo]]-[[Hungarians|Hungarian]] [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]], when in fact no such thing happened for another few centuries.{{ref|Goth2Citation}}{{Dubious|date=August 2011}} Edit summary (Briefly describe your changes) By publishing changes, you agree to the Terms of Use, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the CC BY-SA 4.0 License and the GFDL. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license. 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