South African general election, 1994
General elections were held in South Africa on 27 April 1994. The elections were the first in which citizens of all races were allowed to take part, and were therefore also the first held with universal adult suffrage . The election was conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), and marked the end of the four-year process that ended apartheid .
Millions queued in lines over a three-day voting period. Altogether 19,726,579 votes were counted and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, the African National Congress (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederation COSATU and the South African Communist Party , won a sweeping victory, taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of the two-thirds majority required to unilaterally amend the Interim Constitution . As required by that document, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party , the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in the National Assembly . The new National Assembly's first act was to elect Nelson Mandela as President , making him the country's first black chief executive.
The date 27 April is now a public holiday in South Africa , Freedom Day .
National Parliament results [ edit ]
National Assembly [ edit ]
The 400 members of the National Assembly were chosen from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the national ballot.
Mural of the election in Cape Town.
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 National Assembly election results [ 1]
Party
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
Nelson Mandela
12,237,655
62.65
252
National
F. W. de Klerk
3,983,690
20.39
82
Inkatha Freedom Party
Mangosuthu Buthelezi
2,058,294
10.54
43
Freedom Front
Constand Viljoen
424,555
2.17
9
Democratic Party
Zach de Beer
338,426
1.73
7
Pan Africanist Congress
243,478
1.25
5
African Christian Democratic Party
Kenneth Meshoe
88,104
0.45
2
Africa Muslim Party
34,466
0.18
0
African Moderates Congress Party
27,690
0.14
0
Dikwankwetla Party
19,451
0.10
0
Federal Party
17,663
0.09
0
Minority Front
Amichand Rajbansi
13,433
0.07
0
Sport Organisation for Collective Contributions and Equal Rights
10,575
0.05
0
African Democratic Movement
9,886
0.05
0
Women's Rights Peace Party
6,434
0.03
0
Ximoko Progressive Party
6,320
0.03
0
Keep It Straight and Simple Party
5,916
0.03
0
Workers' List Party
4,169
0.02
0
Luso-South African Party
3,293
0.02
0
Total
19,533,498
100.00
400
Spoilt votes
193,112
The 90 members of the Senate were chosen, 10 from each province, by the newly elected provincial legislatures. Each province's Senate seats were allocated in proportion to the parties' representation in the provincial legislature.
In 1997, on the adoption of the final Constitution , the Senate became the National Council of Provinces ; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table.
Provincial legislature results [ edit ]
Members of the provincial legislatures were elected from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the provincial ballot. The following table summarises the result, showing only parties that won at least one seat. The majority party in each legislature is indicated in bold.
The following tables detail the results in each province.
Eastern Cape [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature election results [ 4]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
2,453,790
84.35
48
National
286,029
9.83
6
Democratic Party
59,644
2.05
1
Pan Africanist Congress
59,475
2.04
1
Freedom Front
23,167
0.80
0
African Christian Democratic Party
14,908
0.51
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
5,050
0.17
0
African Democratic Movement
4,815
0.17
0
Merit Party
2,028
0.07
0
Total
2,908,906
100.00
56
Spoilt votes
13,248
Free State [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Orange Free State Provincial Legislature election results [ 5]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
1,037,998
76.65
24
National
170,452
12.59
4
Freedom Front
81,662
6.03
2
Pan Africanist Congress
24,451
1.81
0
Dikwankwetla Party
17,024
1.26
0
Democratic Party
7,664
0.57
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
6,935
0.51
0
African Christian Democratic Party
6,072
0.45
0
African Democratic Movement
2,008
0.15
0
Total
1,354,266
100.00
30
Spoilt votes
10,286
Gauteng [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging Provincial Legislature election results [ 6]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
2,418,257
57.60
50
National
1,002,540
23.88
21
Freedom Front
258,935
6.17
5
Democratic Party
223,548
5.32
5
Inkatha Freedom Party
153,567
3.66
3
Pan Africanist Congress
61,512
1.47
1
African Christian Democratic Party
25,542
0.61
1
Federal Party
16,279
0.39
0
Africa Muslim Party
12,888
0.31
0
Women's Rights Peace Party
7,279
0.17
0
Luso-South African Party
5,423
0.13
0
Dikwankwetla Party
4,853
0.12
0
African Democratic Movement
4,352
0.10
0
Ximoko Progressive Party
3,275
0.08
0
Total
4,198,250
100.00
86
Spoilt votes
25,383
KwaZulu/Natal [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 KwaZulu/Natal Provincial Legislature election results [ 7]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
Inkatha Freedom Party
1,844,070
50.32
41
African National Congress
1,181,118
32.23
26
National
410,710
11.21
9
Democratic Party
78,910
2.15
2
Minority Front
48,951
1.34
1
Pan Africanist Congress
26,601
0.73
1
African Christian Democratic Party
24,690
0.67
1
Freedom Front
18,625
0.51
0
Africa Muslim Party
17,931
0.49
0
African Democratic Movement
8,092
0.22
0
Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International
4,626
0.13
0
Total
3,664,324
100.00
81
Spoilt votes
39,369
Mpumalanga [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Eastern Transvaal Provincial Legislature election results [ 8]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
1,070,052
80.69
25
National
119,311
9.00
3
Freedom Front
75,120
5.66
2
Pan Africanist Congress
21,679
1.63
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
20,147
1.52
0
Democratic Party
7,437
0.56
0
African Christian Democratic Party
6,339
0.48
0
African Democratic Movement
5,062
0.38
0
Right Party
921
0.07
0
Total
1,326,068
100.00
30
Spoilt votes
12,631
North-West [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 North-West Provincial Legislature election results [ 9]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
1,310,080
83.33
26
National
138,986
8.84
3
Freedom Front
72,821
4.63
1
Pan Africanist Congress
27,274
1.73
0
Democratic Party
7,894
0.50
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
5,948
0.38
0
African Christian Democratic Party
5,570
0.35
0
African Democratic Movement
3,569
0.23
0
Total
1,572,142
100.00
30
Spoilt votes
18,974
Northern Cape [ edit ]
Northern Province [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Northern Transvaal Provincial Legislature election results [ 11]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
African National Congress
1,759,597
91.63
38
National
62,745
3.27
1
Freedom Front
41,193
2.15
1
Pan Africanist Congress
24,360
1.27
0
United People's Front
10,123
0.53
0
African Christian Democratic Party
7,363
0.38
0
Ximoko Progressive Party
4,963
0.26
0
Democratic Party
4,021
0.21
0
African Democratic Movement
3,662
0.19
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
2,233
0.12
0
Total
1,920,260
100.00
40
Spoilt votes
13,702
Western Cape [ edit ]
e • d Summary of the 26–29 April 1994 Western Cape Provincial Legislature election results [ 12]
Party
Votes
%
Seats
National
1,138,242
53.25
23
African National Congress
705,576
33.01
14
Democratic Party
141,970
6.64
3
Freedom Front
44,003
2.06
1
African Christian Democratic Party
25,731
1.20
1
Pan Africanist Congress
22,676
1.06
0
Africa Muslim Party
20,954
0.98
0
Islamic Party
16,762
0.78
0
Inkatha Freedom Party
7,445
0.35
0
Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party
6,337
0.30
0
South African Women's Party
2,641
0.12
0
Green Party
2,611
0.12
0
African Democratic Movement
1,939
0.09
0
Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International
855
0.04
0
Total
2,137,742
100.00
42
Spoilt votes
10,714
Security [ edit ]
Denel Dynamics Seeker unmanned aerial vehicles were used to monitor the elections.[ 13]
The election was commemorated on its 20th anniversary due to its historic importance.[ 14]
References [ edit ]
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Republic of South Africa Totals" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 13 December 2010 .
^ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 , Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements" , item 7.
^ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 , Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements" , item 7.
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Eastern Cape" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Free State" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Gauteng" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - KwaZulu-Natal" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Mpumalanga" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - North West" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Northern Cape" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Limpopo" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 14 December 2010 .
^ "April 26-29, 1994 General Election Results - Western Cape" . Election Resources on the Internet . Retrieved 13 December 2010 .
^ "Flying unpiloted in the conflict zone and into civilian territory" (PDF) . Council for Scientific and Industrial Research . p. 29. Retrieved 24 June 2011 .
^ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/s-africa-marks-democracy-anniversary-2014427114951886747.html
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