Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst (/ˈʃeɪndiːnst/; born February 2, 1923) is an American Major League Baseball (MLB) coach, and former player and manager. An outstanding second baseman, he played for 19 years with the St. Louis Cardinals (1945–56, 1961–63), New York Giants (1956–57) and Milwaukee Braves (1957–60), and was named to 10 All Star teams. He then managed the Cardinals from 1965 through 1976, the second-longest managerial tenure in the team's history (behind Tony La Russa). Under his direction, St. Louis won the 1967 and 1968 National Leaguepennants and the 1967 World Series, and he was named National League Manager of the Year in both 1967 and 1968. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. Schoendienst remains with the Cardinals as a special assistant coach; as of 2015 he has worn a Major League uniform as a player, coach, or manager for 70 consecutive seasons.[1][2][3]
Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children.[4] His father was a coal miner, and the family lived without running water or electricity.[5]
Schoendienst showed a marked aptitude for baseball a young age. In school he would handicap himself by hitting left-handed.[4] In 1939, at age 16, he dropped out of school to join the Civilian Conservation Corps, a major employment program within PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. While working on a fence he suffered a serious injury to his left eye. Most doctors recommended removal of the eye, but eventually he found one willing to pursue nonsurgical treatment. He endured constant headaches and years of rehabilitation.[5]
After the eye injury Schoendienst found it very difficult to read breaking balls while batting right-handed against right-handed pitchers. To solve the problem he used the left-handed batting skills he had acquired as a youth to become a switch hitter. In the spring of 1942 he participated in a St. Louis Cardinals open tryout with about 400 other hopefuls. Though he was not signed at the tryout, Joe Mathes, the Cardinals' chief scout, later changed his mind and drove to Germantown to sign him for $75 a month.[5]
Minor leagues and military service (1942–44)[edit]
Schoendienst began his professional career in the D-level Georgia-Florida League with the Albany Cardinals, followed by the Union City Greyhounds of the Class D Kentucky-Illinois-Tennessee League. At Union City, he collected eight hits in his first eight at bats (AB) on his way to batting .407 in six games. In 1943, after playing nine games for the Lynchburg Cardinals in the Class B Piedmont League, he had attained 17 hits in 36 AB. This strong start prompted the Cardinals to promote Schoendienst to the Double-A International League's (IL) Rochester Red Wings, where batted .337 in 136 games with 21 doubles, six home runs (HR) and 20 stolen bases (SB). With his .337 average topping the league, he was named the IL's Most Valuable Player (MVP). Schoendienst, therefore, gained visibility as a top prospect.
Concurrently, with an imminent military obligation due to World War II and his age, it was only a matter of time before Schoendienst would be called to service. The next season, 1944, the Cardinals again sent him to Rochester, where he hit .373 in 25 games, before the Army drafted him.[5][6] However, on January 1, 1945, the Army released him on a medical discharge due to the vision problems from his eye injury and sustained trauma incurred while shooting bazookas.[7]
The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945. ,Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues and because Marty Marion, the incumbent shortstop, had been the National League MVP IN 1944 and was still considered the best shortstop in the league, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.[5] Totaling 137 games in his rookie season, he batted .278 with a league-high 26 SB. In 1946, the Cardinals moved Schoendienst to play second base on their way to their third World Seriestitle in five years. During the 1946 offseason, he won the televised home run derby. With sure hands and quick reflexes, he led the National League's second basemen for seven seasons and handled 320 consecutive chances without an error in 1950. In that season's All-Star Game, he won the contest for the National League with a home run in the top of 14th inning. It was the first All-Star game to go to extra innings.[5] His 1956 league record fielding percentage of .9934 stood for 30 years until broken by Ryne Sandberg.[8]
In 1956, the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants, who dealt him the following season to the Milwaukee Braves, where he helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years, batting .309 and finishing third in the NL MVP vote. In the World Series the Braves defeated the New York Yankees to win their only world championship in Milwaukee, and the franchise's first since 1914. Milwaukee repeated as NL champions in 1958 but lost to the Yankees in their World Series rematch; Schoendienst flied out to Mickey Mantle for the Series' final out.
During the 1958-59 off-season Schoendienst was diagnosed with tuberculosis and underwent a partial pneumonectomy in February 1959. He was told he would not be able to play again. However, he returned to the Braves in 1960 but was released at the end of the season. In 1961, he rejoined the Cardinals, first as a pinch hitter, then as a coach when Johnny Keane replaced Solly Hemus as the Cardinals' manager. Schoendienst continued play while coaching; in his final two seasons with the Cardinals, batting over .300 both times.[5]
Schoendienst last played in 1963. He compiled a .289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played. His defensive statistics as a second baseman included 4616 putouts, 5243 assists, 1368 double plays, and only 170 errors in 10029 total chances for a .983 fielding average.
Coaching and managerial career (1964–present)[edit]
Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox for his fourth World Series title and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full-time seasons (1965–76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach.
Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals).
In 1951 Schoendienst married the former Mary Eileen O'Reilly, who died in 1999.[12] Their 48-year marriage produced three daughters (Colleen, Cathleen, and Eileen) and one son (Kevin).[7]
^ abHarlan, B: The St. Louis Cardinals 1971 Official Guide and Record Book, p. 8 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Harlan" defined multiple times with different content (see the ).
^Leggett, William (October 7, 1968): Manager Of The Money Men. Sports Illustrated archive Retrieved September 13, 2011
