| Severomorsk (English) Североморск (Russian) |
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 Severomorsk naval base |
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 Location of Murmansk Oblast in Russia |
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 Severomorsk
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| Administrative status (as of November 2014) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Murmansk Oblast[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk[1] |
| Administrative center of | closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk[1] |
| Municipal status (as of January 2015) | |
| Urban okrug | Severomorsk Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Severomorsk Urban Okrug[2] |
| Mayor[citation needed] | Alexander Abramov[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 50,060 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 319th |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[4] |
| Founded | second half of the 19th century[citation needed] |
| Town status since | April 18, 1951[5] |
| Previous names | Vayenga (until April 18, 1951)[5] |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 184601–184606, 184610 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81537[citation needed] |
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| Severomorsk on Wikimedia Commons | |
Severomorsk (Russian: Северомо́рск) is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located along the Kola Bay 25 kilometers (16 mi) northeast of Murmansk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 50,060 (2010 Census);[3] 55,102 (2002 Census);[7] 62,120 (1989 Census).[8]
Contents
History[edit]
It was founded in the second half of the 19th century as the settlement of Vaenga (Ваенга, Vayenga ).[9] The colony of Vayenga was one of the twenty-one included into Alexandrovskaya Volost of Alexandrovsky Uyezd of Arkhangelsk Governorate upon its establishment on July 1, 1920.[10]
In 1917, only 13 people lived in Vaenga, engaged in hunting, fishing and cattle farming; however timber yards were established there from 1926. The development of Vaenga as a naval base began in 1933 when a governmental commission decided to establish a Northern Navy Fleet on the Kola Peninsula; in 1934 it was decided that Vaenga would be the forward base for the fleet while Murmansk would be the repair yard.[11] A naval airfield was constructed there in 1937. During World War II, German ground forces mounted an offensive in July 1941 intended to capture the area, but they were successfully stopped at the Murmansk Line.[12] Vaenga and Murmansk were the main ice-free winter destinations for the Arctic convoys, bringing supplies from the Western Allies. In September 1941, No. 151 Wing RAF was based at the airfield at Vaenga operating Hawker Hurricane fighters in support of Soviet forces; by the end of October, they had trained Russian personnel to operate the aircraft and returned to the United Kingdom by sea in November.[13] RAF Handley Page Hampden torpedo bombers were based there from September to October 1942.[14] A Royal Navy hospital was established at Vaenga in October 1942, to care for British casualties from Arctic convoy merchant ships and their escorts.[15]
On April 18, 1951, it was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction and given its present name,[5] On April 26, 1951, by the Decision of Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities of Polyarny District were passed into its jurisdiction.[5] By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of July 9, 1960, Polyarny District was abolished and the town of Polyarny was administratively subordinated to Severomorsk.[16] At the same time, the territory of Teribersky District was also merged with the territory of Severomorsk, to which the district's low-level administrative divisions were subordinated.[16] Teribersky District was nominally retained as an administrative division and renamed Severomorsky.[16] When Saamsky District was abolished on January 26, 1963, Gremikha, its administrative center, was similarly subordinated to Severomorsk.[5]
By the June 17, 1983 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree, the town of Polyarny was elevated in status to that of a town under oblast jurisdiction, and consequently by the August 10, 1983 Decision of the Murmansk Oblast Executive Committee, several inhabited localities previously subordinated to Severomorsk were transferred to it.[5] On January 1, 2015, the urban-type settlement of Roslyakovo was abolished, with its territory merged into the city of Murmansk.[17]
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the urban-type settlement of Safonovo and two rural localities, incorporated as the closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Severomorsk is incorporated as Severomorsk Urban Okrug.[2]
Military[edit]
The town is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. Severomorsk has the largest dry dock on the Kola Peninsula.
On May 13, 1984, on the outskirts of Severomorsk, there was a major fire at a stockpile of naval missiles that resulted in numerous large explosions on May 17. The incident killed 200–300 people, and destroyed at least one third of the Northern Fleet's stockpile of surface-to-air missiles.[18]
Notable residents[edit]
- Alexander Moiseenko, Ukrainian chess Grandmaster, born in Severomorsk in 1980.
- Boris Safonov, Soviet Naval Aviation fighter ace of World War II, served at Vaenga from 1940 until his death in 1942.
- Elena Vaenga (real name, Elena Vladimirovna Khrulyova), singer, songwriter and actress, born in Severomorsk in 1977.
- Lesya Yaroslavskaya, pop singer, born in Severomorsk in 1981.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Law #96-01-ZMO
- ^ a b c Law #530-01-ZMO
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ a b c d e f Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 54–58
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Hiatorical sketch (pdf file, retrieved March 29, 2015)
- ^ Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 66
- ^ "The Historical Information of the Severomorsk City". http://severomorsk.hotmail.ru/. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ Luzin, Gennady P; Pretes, Michael (25 May 1993). "The Kola Peninsula: Geography, History and Resources" (PDF). pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca. Arctic Institute of North America. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ Carter, Eric and Loveless, Antony (2014) Force Benedict, Hodder & Stoughton ISBN 978-1-44478514-2 (pp. 95, 216 and 229)
- ^ Richard, J (24 March 2007). "No. 144 Squadron (RAF): Second World War". www.historyofwar.org. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ McMillan, G H (1996). "Care of World War II convoy casualties in the Kola area of north Russia. Part 2—The Royal Naval Auxiliary Hospital, Vaenga". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ a b c Decree #741/18
- ^ Law #1812-01-ZMO
- ^ See:
- "Soviets claim ignorance in munitions depot blast," New York Times News Service, June 23, 1984. Available online at: Google Newspapers.
- "Soviet northern fleet 'disabled'," Associated Press, July 10, 1984. Available online at: Google Newspapers.
- Wayne D. LeBaron, America's Nuclear Legacy: The Dark Age of Egalita (Commack, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 1998), page 193.
- GlobalSecurity.org: Severomorsk
- Derek Wood (July 14, 1984) "Soviets' northern fleet disabled... 'not viable' for six months," Jane's Defence Weekly, 2(1) : 3.
- Derek Wood (July 14, 1984) "Six explosions in the past seven months," Jane's Defence Weekly, 2(1) : 3.
- Mark Daly (August 18, 1984) "Goa and Goblet SAMs in Severomorsk explosion," Jane's Defence Weekly, 2(6) : 224.
- John Moore (August 18, 1984) "The aftermath of Severomorsk," Jane's Defence Weekly, 2(6) : 224.
Sources[edit]
- Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №96-01-ЗМО от 6 января 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Мурманской области», в ред. Закона №1778-01-ЗМО от 12 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Мурманской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Мурманской области"». Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №10, стр. 3, 16 января 1998 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #96-01-ZMO of January 6, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #1778-01-ZMO of November 12, 2014 On Amending the Law of Murmansk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast". ).
- Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №530-01-ЗМО от 2 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа закрытых административно-территориальных образований Мурманской области», в ред. Закона №1812-01-ЗМО от 19 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Мурманской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №234, стр. 3, 7 декабря 2004 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #530-01-ZMO of December 2, 2004 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Closed Administrative-Territorial Formations of Murmansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #1812-01-ZMO of December 19, 2014 On Abolishing an Inhabited Locality in Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
- Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. (1995). Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920–1993 гг.). Справочник. Мурманск: Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север".
- Президиум Верховного Совета РСФСР. Указ №741/18 от 9 июля 1960 г. «Об упразднении Полярного района, объединении Североморского городского и Териберского районного советов и переименовании Териберского района Мурманской области». Опубликован: "Ведомости ВС РСФСР", №25, ст. 371, 1960. (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR. Decree #741/18 of July 9, 1960 On the Abolition of Polyarny District, the Merger of Severomorsk Town Soviet and Teribersky District Soviet, and the Renaming of Teribersky District of Murmansk Oblast. ).
- Мурманская областная Дума. Закон №1812-01-ЗМО от 19 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Мурманской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Мурманской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2015 г. Опубликован: "Мурманский Вестник", №246–247, с. 56, 25 декабря 2014 г. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #1812-01-ZMO of December 19, 2014 On Abolishing an Inhabited Locality in Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2015.).
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