TNI-AL Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Laut (Indonesian Navy)
TNI-AL insignia
Founded	10 September 1945
Country	Indonesia
Type	Navy
Size	74,000 active duty personnel 55 Aircraft 2 Submarines (+ 3 under construction) 6 Frigates (+ 2 under construction) 10 Corvettes 16 ASW Corvettes 21 Missile Boat 51 Patrol Craft 12 Minesweeper 4 Amphibious Transport Dock
Motto	Jalesveva Jayamahe (Sanskrit, lit:"Victorious on the Sea")
Anniversaries	10 September 1945 (founded)
Engagements	Battle of Arafura Sea Operation Trikora Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Incorporation of West Papua into Indonesia Indonesian Invasion of East Timor Insurgency in Aceh
Commanders
Chief of Staff of the Navy	Admiral Ade Supandi[1]
Insignia
Naval Jack
Naval Aviation Roundel & Fin Flash

The Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Laut, TNI–AL) was founded on 10 September 1945. Its role is to patrol Indonesia's lengthy coastline, to enforce and patrol the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, to protect Indonesia's maritime strategic interests, to protect the islands surrounding Indonesia, and to defend against seaborne threats.

The Indonesian Navy is the largest navy in South East Asia based on the number of active personnel and ships. As of 2009, the Indonesian Navy had about 75,000 active personnel and more than 150 vessels in active service. The Indonesian Navy is one of a few navies in the region backed by a substantial domestic defence industry, marine corps, and armed with supersonic missiles and attack submarines.

All commissioned ships of the TNI-AL have the prefix KRI, standing for Kapal Republik Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia Ship).

Mission[edit]

According to Law No.34/2004] on the Indonsian Armed Forces, Article 9, the Navy has the following tasks:

1. perform military duties in national defence;
2. enforce the law and secure the order in the sea area of national jurisdiction in accordance with national laws and ratified international laws;
3. perform diplomatic duties in support of foreign policy set by the government;
4. engage other duties relevant for the maintenance and development of naval power;
5. support civilian empowerment in sea defence areas.

History[edit]

The Indonesian Navy's history began on 10 September 1945, at the outset of the Indonesian National Revolution. The administration of the early Indonesian government established the People's Marine Security Agency (BKR Laut), the predecessor to the modern Indonesian Navy. BKR Laut was initially composed of Indonesian sailors who had served in the ranks of the Royal Netherlands Navy during the Dutch colonial period, and who had fought the Japanese during the years of military occupation, plus active militias who served with the Japanese.

The formation of the Indonesian military organisation known as the People's Security Army (TKR) in 1949, at the height of the National Revolution, helped spur the further existence of the TKR Naval Branch, which later became the Republic of Indonesia Navy (ALRI).

Between 1949-1959, the Navy enhanced its strength and capabilities with the formation of the Fleet Command, the Marine Corps, then known as the Marine Commando Forces Corps Command (KKO-AL), Naval Aviation and Maritime Area Command as a command of the defence of the territorial sea aspect.

In 1993 the Navy received 39 ships from the former Volksmarine (East German Navy), including 13 Parchim Class corvettes, the Frosch-class landing ship tank (LST), and 9 Kondor II-class minessweepers.

Organisation[edit]

The navy comprises the following:

• Headquarters Staff (HQ, Jakarta) under the overall command of the Navy Chief of Staff,
• Two Fleet Commands :
  • Eastern Fleet Command, in Surabaya, conterminous with Army's KODAM V and KODAMs VII through IX and Air Force's Operation Command II.
  • Western Fleet Command, in Jakarta, conterminous with Army's KODAMs I through IV and VI and Air Force's Operation Command I.
• Several Naval Main Bases and Naval Bases throughout Indonesia. Apart from the major bases at Surabaya and Jakarta, forward operating bases exist at Kupang, West Timor and Tahuna, Sulawesi.
• Marine Corps, with two Marine Forces
• Naval Aviation Center,
• Military Sealift Command - coordinates the navy's logistical support systems
• Indonesian Naval Academy
• Naval Education and Training Command
• Women's Naval Service
• Naval Police Command

Plans exist to have a single HQ at Surabaya, with commands at Riau (West), Papua (East), and Makassar (Central).^[2] JDW reported on 12 November 2003 that Admiral Bernard Kent Sondakh, the Chief of Naval Staff, was advocating a plan to merge the two fleets to form a single Main Operations and Administration Defence Command, to be headed by a three-star officer and headquartered at Surabaya.^[3]

Naval bases[edit]

Main Naval Bases are sequentially numbered from I to XI by location from west to east. On 1 August 2006 Naval Base Bayur Bay, Padang, West Sumatra became naval Main Base (Lantamal) II.

Naval forces are spread across several main bases under the command of two major Fleets:

• Western Fleet Command:

• Main Naval Base I Belawan.

• Naval Base Sabang
• Naval Base Dumai
• Naval Base Lhokseumawe
• Naval Base Tanjung Balai Asahan
• Naval Base Simeulue
• Naval Air Station Sabang

• Main Naval Base II Padang.

• Naval Base Sibolga
• Naval Base Bengkulu

• Main Naval Base III Jakarta.

• Naval Base Palembang
• Naval Base Cirebon
• Naval Base Panjang
• Naval Base Banten
• Naval Base Bandung
• Naval Base Bangka Belitung
• Naval Air Station Pondok Cabe

• Main Naval Base IV Tanjung Pinang.

• Naval Base Batam
• Naval Base Pontianak
• Naval Base Tarempa
• Naval Base Ranai
• Naval Base Tanjung Balai Karimun
• Naval Base Dabo Singkep
• Naval Air Station Matak (Natuna Islands)
• Naval Air Station Tanjungpinang/Kijang

• Eastern Fleet Command:

• Main Naval Base V Surabaya.

• Naval Base Tegal
• Naval Base Cilacap
• Naval Base Semarang
• Naval Base Malang
• Naval Base Banyuwangi
• Naval Base Denpasar
• Naval Base Batuporon
• Naval Air Station Juanda

• Main Naval Base VI Makassar.

• Naval Base Kendari
• Naval Base Palu
• Naval Base Balikpapan
• Naval Base Kotabaru
• Naval Base Banjarmasin

• Main Naval Base VII Kupang.

• Naval Base Mataram
• Naval Base Maumere
• Naval Base Kupang
• Naval Base Tual
• Naval Air Station Kupang

• Main Naval Base VIII Manado.

• Naval Base Tarakan
• Naval Base Nunukan
• Naval Base Tahuna
• Naval Base Toli-Toli
• Naval Base Gorontalo
• Naval Air Manado

• Main Naval Base IX Ambon.

• Naval Base Ternate
• Naval Base Saumlaki
• Naval Base Morotai

• Main Naval Base X Jayapura.

• Naval Base Sorong
• Naval Base Biak
• Naval Air Station Biak

• Main Naval Base XI Merauke

• Naval Base Timika
• Naval Base Aru
• Naval Air Station Aru

Ships[edit]

The majority of the vessels in the Indonesian navy are from the Netherlands and Britain. However, since 2003, Indonesian shipyards have produced many of their own vessels, in particular those of smaller displacement such as patrol boats and fast attack craft. Recently, two Makassar class LPDs have been launched by PT. PAL, with assistance from Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co.(DSME) of South Korea, and there are a plans to build indigenous missile-armed corvettes (Kornas).

Submarines[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Number	Ships	Notes
Submarines
Chang Bogo-class		submarines	(3)	(under construction)	Improved U209 Class Submarine Armament: 8 x 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes
Cakra class		submarines	2	KRI Cakra KRI Nanggala	Armament: 8 x 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes

Frigates[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Number	Ships	Notes
Frigates
Sigma Class Frigate 10514		Frigates	(2)		Total of 6 planned to replace Ahmad Yani Class . 2 under construction and another 4 in planning. 2 ships will build by PT PAL Indonesia and Damen Schelde. Estimates arrived in 2017.[4] Armament: 1 x OTO Melara 76 mm 1 x Oerlikon Millennium Gun system 12 VLS MICA SAM 8 x Exocet MM40 Block III SSM 2 x triple torpedo tubes
Ahmad Yani Class		Frigates	6	KRI Ahmad Yani (351) KRI Slamet Riyadi (352) KRI Yos Sudarso (353) KRI Oswald Siahaan (354) KRI Abdul Halim Perdanakusuma (355) KRI Karel Satsuit Tubun (356)	All will be replace by Sigma Class Frigate 10514. Ex-Royal Netherlands Navy Van Speijk-class frigates Armament: 1 x OTO Melara 76 mm 2 x twin Simbad SAM (4 missiles) 4 x C-802 SSM (on 5 ships)/ 4 x Yakhont SS-N-26 SSM (on KRI OWA) 2 x triple Mk 32 torpedo launchers

Corvettes[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Number	Ships	Notes
Corvettes
Bung Tomo class		Corvette	3	KRI Bung Tomo KRI John Lie KRI Usman Harun	ex-Royal Brunei Navy Nakhoda Ragam class corvettes Armament: 1 x OTO Melara 76 mm 2 x DS 30B REMSIG 30mm guns 16 x VLS for MBDA Seawolf SAM[5] 8 x Exocet MM40 Block II SSM 2 x triple BAE Systems 324mm torpedo tubes.
Diponegoro Class		Corvette	4	KRI Diponegoro KRI Sultan Hasanuddin KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda KRI Frans Kaisiepo	Based on Sigma-class corvette Armament: 1 x OTO Melara 76 mm 2 x 20 mm Denel Vektor G12 2 x quad MBDA Mistral TETRAL SAM (8 missiles) 4 x Exocet MM 40 Block II SSM 2 x triple B515 launchers
Fatahillah Class		Corvette	3	KRI Fatahillah KRI Malahayati KRI Nala	Built in the Netherlands Armament: 1 x Bofors 120 mm gun 1 x Bofors 40 mm 4 x Exocet MM 38 SSM (the missiles might be removed due to being obsolete) 1 x Bofors 375 mm twin barrel ASW rocket launcher 2 x triple torpedo launcher (none on KRI Nala 363)

ASW Corvettes[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Number	Ships	Notes
ASW Corvettes
Kapitan Patimura Class		ASW Corvette	16	KRI Kapitan Pattimura KRI Untung Suropati KRI Nuku KRI Lambung Mangkurat KRI Cut Nyak Dien KRI Sultan Thaha Syaifudin KRI Sutanto KRI Sutedi Senoputra KRI Wiratno KRI Tjiptadi KRI Hasan Basri KRI Imam Bonjol KRI Pati Unus KRI Teuku Umar KRI Silas Papare	East German ships based on Soviet Project 133 designs and sold to Indonesia; Not all Kapitan Patimura class are equipped with their original ASW capabilities like sonar and torpedo launcher when Indonesia bought them from former East Germany. Because of this the ship was used as an OPV. Some of the ships were upgraded by Indonesia to meet their navy needs.[6][7] Armament: 1 twin 57 mm gun AK-725 1 twin 30 mm gun AK-230 1 Type 730 CIWS[8] (on one ship (376)) 2 SA-N-5 MANPAD SAM (on some ships) 2 RBU-6000 4 400 mm torpedo tubes/2 triple torpedo launcher (on some ships)

Missile boats[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Numbers	Ships	Notes
Missile boats
Mandau Class		Missile boat	4	KRI Mandau KRI Rencong KRI Badik KRI Keris
Todak Class		Missile boat	4	KRI Todak KRI Hiu KRI Layang KRI Lemadang
Pandrong Class		Missile boat	2	KRI Pandrong KRI Sura
Clurit Class (KCR 40)		Missile boat	8	KRI Clurit KRI Kujang KRI Beladau KRI Alamang KRI Parang KRI Siwar KRI Surik KRI Terapang	Armed with: 1 x AK-630 CIWS 2 x C-705
Sampari Class (KCR 60)		Missile boat	3	KRI Sampari KRI Tombak [9] KRI Halasan [10]	Armed With : 1 x Bofors 57 mm gun 4 x C-705
Klewang class		Missile boat(Trimaran design)	(4)(on order)[11]		The ships is develop together with Saab assistant and due to this the sensor and weapon will be from Europe.

Gunboat[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Numbers	Ships	Notes
Gunboat
Andau Class		Gunboat	4	KRI Andau KRI Singa KRI Tongkak KRI Ajak
Kakap Class		Gunboat	4	KRI Kakap KRI Kerapu KRI Tongkol KRI Barakuda
Sibarau Class		Gunboat	8
Boa Class		Gunboat	13
PC 40/PC 43/FPB 43/KRI Cucut		Gunboat	15

Minesweepers[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Numbers	Ships	Notes
Minesweepers
Tripartite Class		Minesweeper	2
Kondor Class		Minehunter	9

Amphibious forces[edit]

Class	Picture	Type	Numbers	Ships	Notes
Amphibious Forces
Makassar Class		LPD	4		Based on Tanjung Dalpele class ship; 2 built in South Korean and 1 in Indonesia
LST 117		LST	3
LST 1-511 and 512-1152 classes		LST	4
Tacoma Class		LST	5
Frosch I Class (Type 108) and Frosch II Class (Type 109)		LST	12+*1		* The status of one ship (KRI Teluk Peleng) still undefined due to the sunk incident on 18 November 2013[12]

Naval aviation[edit]

In the 1960s, the Indonesian Navy Naval Aviation had a long-range strike capability with Il-28 Beagle medium bombers. In 1975-79, the Dinas Penerbangan Angkatan Laut (Naval Aviation Service) received 12 GAF Nomad Searchmaster B's and six Searchmaster L twin-turboprops to form a maritime patrol Squadron (800 Skwadron).^[13] In mid 1996 six NC.212-MPAs also joined the squadron. All aircraft are based at the Naval headquarters base of Surabaya, but detachments are at times sent to Tanjung pinang and Manado. There are plans to buy 11 ASW helicopters in the future. The candidates include the Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite and the Eurocopter Panther^[14] but as of early 2014 no contract had been finalised.^[15][16]

Current aircraft[edit]

^[17]

Aircraft	Origin	Role	Versions	In service	Note
Aircraft
GAF Nomad	Australia	Light Transport	N.24 Nomad	24	Now used for advanced training
CASA C-212 Aviocar	Spain	Maritime Patrol & Tactical Transport	NC-212 MPA	6[18]	Several planes installed with domestic made Surveillance camera
Beech Bonanza	United States	Light Transport	G-36 Bonanza	8[19]
CASA CN-235	European Union  Indonesia	Maritime Patrol & Tactical Transport	CN-235 MPA	5[20][21][22][23]
Helicopter
Bell 412	Canada  United States	Utility	Bell 412EP	7[18][24]	Licensed production by Indonesian Aerospace
MBB BO 105	European Union	Utility	NBO-105	6[18][24]
Eurocopter EC-120 Colibri	European Union	Utility	EC-120B Colibri	2[25]
Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin	European Union	Utility	Dauphin	1[26]	Originally owned by BASARNAS (Indonesia Coast Guard) but has been painted to the TNI AL camo and transferred to the navy[27]
Eurocopter AS565 Panther	European Union	Utility	Dauphin AS565 MBe	(11) [28]	On oder. Will be used for naval anti-submarine warfare (ASW) missions and to support operations from land bases and vessels.

Commandants of Naval Aviation(Puspenerbal)[edit]

List of Naval Aviation(Puspenerbal) Commandants

Rank	Name	From	Until	Remarks
First Admiral TNI	Sugianto, S.E, M.A.P.	-	23 February 2013
First Admiral TNI	I Nyoman Nesa	23 February 2013[29]	24 May 2014
First Admiral TNI	Sigit Setyanta	24 May 2014[30]	Present

Ground forces[edit]

Marines[edit]

The Korps Marinir is the Indonesian Navy's ground troops. It was created on 15 November 1945 and has the duty of being the main amphibious warfare force and quick reaction force of defence against enemy invasion.

Special Forces[edit]

• Komando Pasukan Katak - the primary special operations force of the Indonesian Navy. Members are recruited from navy sailors.
• Batalion Intai Amfibi - the Marine Corps' Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, which also has capability as para-commando. They are recruited from marines corps.
• Detasemen Jala Mangkara - special operations and counter-terrorism forces of the Indonesian Navy. This is a combined detachment formed from selected personnel of the Navy's Underwater Special Unit (Kopaska) and the Marine Corps' Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion (KIPAM aka Yontaifib).

Ongoing projects[edit]

Ideally, the Indonesian Navy plans to have 250 vessels, for which it has a blueprint up to 2024.

In April 2011, PT PAL, in co-operation with Netherlands' Naval Shipbuilding, started designing a new light frigate for ASW purposes. It will be the largest warship built by PT PAL.^[31] The first steel cutting ceremony was held on January 2014 and order for two PKR ships is confirmed. Equipped with VL Mica missiles and Oerlikon Millennium CIWS, these ships are also usable for air defence purposes.

At the same time, Indonesian Navy has accepted a grant of two used patrol boats equipped with guided missiles made in Britain from Brunei, which has replaced them with newer vessels.^[32]

As of June 2011 Indonesia was in the process of choosing submarines from one of three countries: France Scorpène, Germany Type 209 and South Korea Chang Bogo class Type 209.^[33]

In December 2011, a contract to build three submarines was signed by Indonesia and Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME). Two submarines will be built in South Korea in co-operation with Indonesian state-owned shipbuilder PT PAL, while the third will be built at PT Pal's facilities. The contract was worth $1.07 billion and construction was planned to start in January 2012, with delivery expected in 2015 and 2016. The submarines will weigh 1,400 tons and be 61.3 meters long, with a crew of up to 40 and with 8 weapons tubes for torpedoes and other weapons. The procurement is an effort to keep pace with other countries in the region.^[34][35] The submarines will be based at Palu naval base in Central Sulawesi which is currently under construction.^[36]

In January 2012, the Navy confirmed an order for the 24 guided-missile fast boats to be deployed in the shallow waters in the western part of Indonesia and in North Sulawesi which are geographically dotted by small islands and divided by straits. Indonesia now has 8 KCR-40s (Kapal Cepat Rudal 40-meter, literally meaning 40-meters Fast Missile Boat), all in full commission by 20 December 2013.^[37] These vessels will be 45 percent locally sourced and are to be designed and built locally. They will cost Rp 73 billion ($7.98 million) each and have a top speed of 30 knots. They will carry Chinese C-705 anti-ship missiles with a range up to 120 kilometres (75 mi), a 6-barreled 30-millimeter close-in weapons system and two 20-millimeters guns.^[38][39][40] Indonesia has also decided to restart procurement of the Trimaran, Klewang class FMPV(Fast missile patrol vessel), with an initial order of four boats.^[11]

The Indonesian Navy is also preparing to acquire three new British built corvettes,^[41] classified as Bung Tomo class corvette, after its leading ship, KRI Bung Tomo 357. They were built for Brunei but rejected for not meeting their requirements, allowing Indonesia to buy them cheaply.

In December 2013, the Indonesian Ministry of Defense stated that the Indonesian Navy planned to buy several used Kilo class submarine still in commission with the Russian Navy.^[42] A team consisting of Indonesian Navy experts was to be sent to Russia to inspect the condition of these future submarines.^[43] In March 2014 the procurement was cancelled.^[44]

Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems[edit]

With various coastal radars, Indonesia has one of the world's longest Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems (IMSS). The network covers more than 1,205 kilometres (749 mi) of coastline in the Straits of Malacca and about 1,285 kilometres (798 mi) of coastline in the Sulawesi Sea.^[45]

See also[edit]

• Indonesian Coast and Sea Guarding Police Force

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• Indonesian Navy ships and equipment (Navy Recognition)
• ALRI - Navy of the Republic of Indonesia @ Globalsecurity.com
• Indonesian Military Blog

Special Units of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) Indonesian Army (TNI–AD) Special Forces (Kopassus) Strategic Reserve (Kostrad) Indonesian Navy (TNI–AL) Marine Corps (KorMar) Frogman Commando (Kopaska) Marine Reconnaissance Battalion (Taifib) Special Forces (Denjaka) Indonesian Air Force (TNI–AU) Special Forces (Paskhas) Bravo Detachment 90 (Den Bravo 90)

Ship classes of the Indonesian Navy Submarines Type 209 Chang Bogo Frigates Sigma Van Speijk Fatahillah Corvettes Sigma Nakhoda Ragam Parchim Fast missile boat Klewang KCR 60 Clurit Mandau Patrol boat FPB-57 Boa Kobra Viper Krait Sibarau Salawaku Landing platform dock Makassar Minesweeper Pulau Rengat Pulau Rani Kondor Training ship KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara KRI Dewaruci KRI Arung Samudra List of current ships of the Indonesian Navy

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