BACKGROUND: The compulsive and inflexible behaviors that are present in many
psychiatric disorders, particularly behavioral addictions and obsessive-compulsive disorder …

Dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) impairs the ability of individuals to flexibly adapt
behavior to changing stimulus-reward (SR) contingencies. Impaired flexibility also results …

The ability to switch responding between two visual stimuli based on their changing
relationship with reward is dependent on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). OFC lesions in …

Background Our ability to measure the cognitive components of complex decision-making
across species has greatly facilitated our understanding of its neurobiological mechanisms …

Studies of visual discrimination reversal learning have revealed striking neurochemical
dissociations at the level of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with serotoninergic, but not …

Some individuals are better at learning about rewarding situations, whereas others are
inclined to avoid punishments (ie, enhanced approach or avoidance learning, respectively) …

Components of human executive function, like rule generation and selection in response to
stimuli (attention set-shifting) or overcoming a habit (reversal learning), can be reliably …

Dopamine in the striatum is known to be important for reversal learning. However, the
striatum does not act in isolation and reversal learning is also well-accepted to depend on …

The midbrain dopamine system has been traditionally associated with reward-related
phenomena; however, recent studies suggest a more generalized role for this transmitter …

We review the modulatory effects of the catecholamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline and
dopamine on prefrontal cortical function. The effects of pharmacologic manipulations of …