1 Human eugenics-the science that deals with improvements in hereditary qualities of a race-and the creation of genetically engineered advanced humans are probably inevitable. Granted, such a bald statement flies in the face of certain US laws and most bioethical thinking, but within the next two decades, we will likely see human beings born with enhanced genetic characteristics in China, and competitive nations such as the United States are unlikely to allow a" smart-baby gap" to emerge. Many Americans will overcome their misgivings and support efforts to keep up in this new realm of international competition. The time has come to ask two questions: What is the potential of genetic engineering, and why is China predisposed to adapting genetic engineering to human enhancement?