The Kurdish or Kurdish chronology is based on the solar Hijri calendar, and since its origin is usually the establishment of the Medes' rule in Iran or in some regions, the conquest of Nineveh by the Medes, it is also known as the 'mad ماد' calendar.
History[edit]
The start of the calendar is marked by the Battle of Nineveh, a conquest of the Assyrians by the Medes in 612 BC.[1][2][3]
Months[edit]
The names for the months are often derived from society's events in that month.[4]
| Order | Days | Native Script | Romanized | Likely Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | خاکەلێوە | Xakelêwe | |
| 2 | 31 | گوڵان | Gullan | Likely derived from the Kurdish word 'Gul' meaning flower. |
| 3 | 31 | زەردان | Zerdan / Cozerdan | |
| 4 | 31 | پووشپەڕ | Puşperr | |
| 5 | 31 | گەلاوێژ | Gelawêj | Named after the Gelawêj star (Sirius) that becomes visible in this month. |
| 6 | 31 | خەرمانان | Xermanan | Likely derived from the word Kurdish word 'Xerm' meaning warm. |
| 7 | 30 | بەران | Beran / Razbar | |
| 8 | 30 | گێزان | Xezan / Khazalawar | |
| 9 | 30 | ﺳﺎﺮﺍﻦ | Saran / Sermawez | |
| 10 | 30 | بەفران | Befran / Befranbar | Likely derived from the word 'Befr' meaning snow. |
| 11 | 30 | ڕێبەندان | Rêbendan | |
| 12 | 29/30 | ڕەشەمە | Reşeme |
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Kirmanj 2014, pp. 367–384.
- ^ Elis 2004, pp. 193.
- ^ Rafaat 2016, pp. 488–504.
- ^ Roshani n.d.
Bibliography[edit]
- Elis, Hadi (2004). "The Kurdish demand for statehood and the future of Iraq". The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies. 29 (2): 145–166.
- Hirschler, K. (2001). "Defining the Nation: Kurdish Historiography in Turkey in the 1990s" (PDF). Middle Eastern Studies. 37 (3). Informa UK Limited: 145–166. doi:10.1080/714004406. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 59445286.
- Kirmanj, Sherko (2014-07-15). "Kurdish History Textbooks: Building a Nation-State within a Nation-State". The Middle East Journal. 68 (3): 367–384. doi:10.3751/68.3.12. ISSN 0026-3141. S2CID 144636394.
- O'Leary, Brendan; McGarry, John; Ṣāliḥ, Khālid (2005). The future of Kurdistan in Iraq. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3870-2. OCLC 57001883.
- Rafaat, Aram (2016-03-07). "The fundamental characteristics of the Kurdish nationhood project in modern Iraq". Middle Eastern Studies. 52 (3). Informa UK Limited: 488–504. doi:10.1080/00263206.2015.1124415. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 147220842.
- Roshani, Dilan (n.d.). "Kurdish calendar". Kurdistanica. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
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