Illyrology or Illyrian studies is interdisciplinary academic field which focuses on scientific study of Illyria and Illyrians as a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practitioner of the discipline is called Illyrologist. His duty is to investigate the range of ancient Illyrian history, culture, art, language, heraldry, numizmatic, mythology, economics, ethics, etc. from c. 1000 BC up to the end of Roman rule around the 5th century.[1][2][3]
History
[edit]Written studies about the Illyrians and Illyria, their history and cultures, go back to classical antiquity with Greco-Roman historiography and accounts, possibly beginning with Hesiod, Hecataeus and Herodotus and best known through such authors as Thucydides, Aristotle, Polybius,[4] Velleius Paterculus[5] Suetonius,[6] Pausanias, Appian,[7] Cassius Dio,[8] Diodorus Siculus,[9] Julius Caesar, Strabo, Titus Livius,[10] Pliny the Elder, Pomponius Mela, Polyaenus,[11][12][13][14] St. Jerome[15][16] etc.[17] Modern Illyrian studies originated in the late 18th and early 19th century, with the contributions of Johann Erich Thunmann,[18] Arthur Evans,[19][20][21] Hans Krahe,[22] etc. when many of these classical authors were rediscovered, published, translated and studied. In archaeological, cultural, historical and linguistic studies, research about the Illyrians, from the late 18th to the 21st century, has moved from the Illyrian movement and Pan-Illyrian theories, which identified as Illyrians some groups north of the Balkans and in Continental Europe (mainly in Central Europe), even in Northern Europe (Max Vasmer, 1928[23] Julius Pokorny, 1936[24]) to more well-defined groupings based on Illyrian onomastics and material anthropology since the 1960s as newer inscriptions were found and sites excavated.[25][26][27]
Institutions
[edit]- University of Tirana
- University of Pristina
- University of Sarajevo
- University of Montenegro
- State University of Tetova
- Academy of Albanological Studies
Illyrologists
[edit]- Carl Patsch (1865 - 1945)
- Hans Krahe (1898 - 1965)
- Alojz Benac (1914 - 1992)
- Skënder Anamali (1921 - 1996)
- Selim Islami (1923 - 2001)
- Aleksandar Stipčević (1930 - 2015)
- Pierre Cabanes (1930 - 2023)
- John J. Wilkes (1936 - present)
- Muzafer Korkuti (1936 - present)
- Neritan Ceka (1941 - present)
See also
[edit]- Illyria
- Illyrians
- Balkan studies
- Illyrian coinage
- Illyrian kingdom
- Illyri proprie dicti
- Illyrian armorials
- Illyrian mythology
- Illyrian movement
- Illyricum (Roman province)
- Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
References
[edit]- ^ Stipčević, Aleksandar (2000). "Ilirologjia sot: Problemet dhe perspektivat" [Illyrology Today:Problems and Perspectives]. Dardania Sacra (2) (in Albanian). Zagreb, Prishtinë. pp. 43–56. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
- ^ Cabanes, Pierre (1988). Les illyriens de Bardulis à Genthios (IVe–IIe siècles avant J.-C.) [The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)] (in French). Paris: SEDES. ISBN 2718138416.
- ^ Ceka, Neritan (2005), The Illyrians to the Albanians, Publ. House Migjeni, ISBN 99943-672-2-6, OCLC 934920387
- ^ Bajrić, Amela (2014). "Illyrian Queen Teuta and the Illyrians in Polybius's passage on the Roman mission in Illyria". Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu (in Croatian). 46 (1): 29–56.
- ^ Velleius Paterculus.Compendium of Roman History / Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Loeb Classical Library, No. 152), 1867; Harvard University Press (1867); ASIN: B01JXR6R1Q
- ^ Suetonius, The Life of The Twelve Caesars (The Life of Tiberius) Penguin Classics, revised edition, 2007;ISBN 978-0140455168
- ^ Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). Appian and Illyricum. National Museum of Slovenia (Narodni Muzej Slovenije). ISBN 978-961-6169-36-3.
- ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, Vol 6, Books. 51–65 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989; ISBN 978-0674990920
- ^ Diodorus Siculus, Library,16.4
- ^ Livy. The History of Rome, Band 2 - The History of Rome, Livy. T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1814. p. 324
- ^ Jaupaj 2019, p. 81
- ^ Hammond & Griffith 1972, p. 21
- ^ Cabanes 2002a, p. 51
- ^ Cabanes 2002b, p. 163
- ^ Pevarello, Daniele (2013). The Sentences of Sextus and the origins of Christian ascetiscism. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-16-152579-7. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ Wilkes 1995, p. 266: "Alongside Latin the native Illyrian survived in the country areas, and St Jerome claimed to speak his 'sermo gentilis' (Commentary on Isaiah 7.19)."
- ^ Ilirët dhe Iliria te autorët antikë. Burime të zgjedhura për Historinë e Shqipërisë (Les Illyriens et l'Illyrie ches les auteurs antiques. Sources choisies pour l'Histoire d'Albanie), Vëll. I & II. Tiranë, Prishtinë, 1965, 1979, 2002. Ed. S.Islami. Lit.ed. B.Jubani. Prepared by: F.Prendi, H.Ceka, S.Islami and S.Anamali. Review: V. Kamsi.
- ^ Stipčević, Aleksandar (1977). The Illyrians: history and culture. Noyes Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8155-5052-5.
The first one who clearly formulated the thesis of the Illyrian origin of the Albanians, was the German historian Johannes Thunmann in the eighteenth century.
- ^ Evans, Arthur John (1878). Illyrian letters: a revised selection of correspondence from the llllyrian provinces of Bosnia, Herzegdvina, Montenegro, Albania, Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia during the troubled year 1877. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
- ^ Evans, Arthur John (1883). Antiquarian researches in Illyricum. (Parts I and II). From The Archaeologia Vol. XLVIII. Westminster: Nichols and Sons.
- ^ Evans, Arthur John (1885). Antiquarian researches in Illyricum, Parts III, IV. Archaeologia. Vol. XLIX. London. pp. 1–167.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Krahe, Hans. Lexikon altillyrischer Personennamen - Dictionary of Old Illyrian personal names. (1929).
- ^ Vasmer, Max. 1928 "Beitrage zur alten Geographie der Gebiete zwischen Elbe und Weichsel" Zeitschrift für slawische Philologie 5.360–370.
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1936). "Substrattheorie und Urheimat der Indogermanen". Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft. 66: 69–91.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Wilkes 1995, p. 266
- ^ Mayer, Anton (1957). Die Sprache der alten Illyrier, Volume 1. In Kommission bei R. M. Rohrer.
- ^ Muzafer Korkuti: Parailirët, ilirët, arbërit: Histori e shkurtër. Tiranë: Toena. 2003. ISBN 99927-1-689-4
Works cited
[edit]- Cabanes, Pierre (2002a) [1988]. Dinko Čutura; Bruna Kuntić-Makvić (eds.). Iliri od Bardileja do Gencia (IV. – II. stoljeće prije Krista) [The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)] (in Croatian). Translated by Vesna Lisičić. Svitava. ISBN 953-98832-0-2.
- Cabanes, Perre (2002b). "Taulantii". In Hubert, Cancik; Schneider, Helmuth; Salazar, Christine F.; Orton, David E. (eds.). Brill's New Pauly: Sym–Tub. Vol. 14. Brill. ISBN 9004142193.
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Griffith, Guy Thompson (1972). A history of Macedonia. Vol. 2. Clarendon Press. ISBN 9780198148142.
- Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (Thesis). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie).
Further reading
[edit]- Bajrić, Amela (2014). "Illyrian Queen Teuta and the Illyrians in Polybius's passage on the Roman mission in Illyria". Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu (in Croatian). 46 (1): 29–56.
- Bejko, Lorenc; Morris, Sarah; Papadopoulos, John; Schepartz, Lynne (2015). The Excavation of the Prehistoric Burial Tumulus at Lofkend, Albania. ISD LLC. ISBN 978-1938770524.
- Benać, Alojz (1964). "Vorillyrier, Protoillyrier und Urillyrier". Symposium Sur la Délimitation Territoriale et Chronologique des Illyriens à l'Epoque Préhistorique. Sarajevo: Naučno društvo SR Bosne i Hercegovine: 59–94.
- Cabanes, Pierre (1988). Les illyriens de Bardulis à Genthios (IVe–IIe siècles avant J.-C.) [The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)] (in French). Paris: SEDES. ISBN 2718138416.
- Cabanes, Pierre (2002) [1988]. Čutura, Dinko; Kuntić-Makvić, Bruna (eds.). Iliri od Bardileja do Gencia (IV. – II. stoljeće prije Krista) [The Illyrians from Bardylis to Gentius (4th – 2nd century BC)] (in Croatian). Translated by Vesna Lisičić. Svitava. ISBN 953-98832-0-2.
- Ceka, Neritan (2005), The Illyrians to the Albanians, Publ. House Migjeni, ISBN 99943-672-2-6
- Elsie, Robert (2015). "The Early History of Albania" (PDF). Keeping an Eye on the Albanians: Selected Writings in the Field of Albanian Studies. Vol. 16. ISBN 978-1-5141-5726-8.
- Evans, Arthur John (1883–1885). "Antiquarian Researches in Illyricum, I-IV (Communicated to the Society of Antiquaries of London)". Archaeologia. Westminster: Nichols & Sons.
- Evans, Arthur John (1878), Illyrian Letters, Longmans, Green, and Co, ISBN 1-4021-5070-9
- Juka, S. S. (1984), Kosova: The Albanians in Yugoslavia in Light of Historical Documents: An Essay, Waldon Press, ISBN 9780961360108
- Katičić, Radoslav (1976). Ancient Languages of the Balkans. Trends in linguistics: State-of-the-art report. Vol. 4–5. Mouton.
- Katičić, Radoslav (1995). Illyricum mythologicum (in Croatian). Zagreb: Antibarbarus. ISBN 9789536160327.
- Mesihović, Salmedin (2011). Rimski vuk i ilirska zmija. Posljednja borba (PDF) (in Bosnian). Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu. ISBN 978-9958-625-21-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
- Mesihović, Salmedin; Šačić, Amra (2015). Historija Ilira [History of Illyrians] (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Univerzitet u Sarajevu [University of Sarajevo]. ISBN 978-9958-600-65-4.
- Mócsy, András (1974), Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire, Routledge, ISBN 0-7100-7714-9
- Nallbani, Etleva (2017). "Early Medieval North Albania: New Discoveries, Remodeling Connections: The Case of Medieval Komani". In Gelichi, Sauro; Negrelli, Claudio (eds.). Adriatico altomedievale (VI-XI secolo) Scambi, porti, produzioni (PDF). Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia. ISBN 978-88-6969-115-7.
- Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. ISBN 90-256-0793-4.
- Papazoglu, Fanula (1969). Srednjobalkanska plemena u predrimsko doba. Tribali, Autarijati, Dardanci, Skordisci i Mezi. Djela - Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Odjeljenje društvenih nauka (in Croatian). Vol. 30. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine.
- Šašel Kos, Marjeta (1993). "Cadmus and Harmonia in Illyria". Arheološki Vestnik. 44.
- Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2004). "Mythological stories concerning Illyria and its name". In P. Cabanes; J.-L. Lamboley (eds.). L'Illyrie méridionale et l'Epire dans l'Antiquité. Vol. 4. pp. 493–504.
- Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). Appian and Illyricum. Narodni muzej Slovenije. ISBN 961616936X.
- Shpuza, Saimir (2022). "D'un limên à une polis. Orikos aux périodes archaïque et classique". In Brancato, Rodolfo (ed.). Schemata: la città oltre la forma : per una nuova definizione dei paesaggi urbani e delle loro funzioni: urbanizzazione e società nel Mediterraneo pre-classico : età arcaica. Edizioni Quasar. ISBN 9788854912755.
- Stipčević, Aleksandar (2002). Ilirët: Historia, Jeta, Kultura, Simbolet e Kultit. Tirana, Albania: Toena. ISBN 99927-1-609-6.
- Stipčević, Aleksandar (1976). "Simbolismo illirico e simbolismo albanese: appunti introduttivi". Iliria (in Italian). 5: 233–236. doi:10.3406/iliri.1976.1234.
- Stipčević, Aleksandar (1977), The Illyrians: History and Culture, Noyes Press, ISBN 978-0-8155-5052-5
- Stipčević, Alexander (1989). Iliri: povijest, život, kultura. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. ISBN 9788603991062.
- Wilkes, John J. (1969). History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire. London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Wilkes, John J. (1995). The Illyrians. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishers Limited. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.
External links
[edit]- Appian: Illyrian Wars, perseus.tufts
- Pliny the Elder. Natural History (Pliny) (Naturalis Historia (Latin)
and English version).
- Polybius. The Histories (Ἰστορίαι). (English version and Introduction).
- Strabo. Geographica (Strabo). (English version).
- Ptolemy. Geography (Ptolemy). (English version).
- Velleius Paterculus: History of Rome (Latin original, English translation)