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Revision as of 21:48, 19 November 2021
United Right Zjednoczona Prawica | |
|---|---|
| File:United Right Poland logo.png Unofficial logo | |
| Abbreviation | ZP |
| Leader | Jarosław Kaczyński |
| Founded | 11 July 2014 |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing to far-right |
| European Parliament group | European Conservatives and Reformists |
| Colours | Blue |
| Sejm | 229 / 460 |
| Senate | 47 / 100 |
| European Parliament | 27 / 52 |
| Regional assemblies | 248 / 552 |
The United Right (Polish: Zjednoczona Prawica, ZP) is a conservative political alliance in Poland. It came to power following the 2015 parliamentary election.
Initially founded as a parliamentary group between the Poland Together and United Poland parties, its composition has changed several times since its inception and is now dominated by the ruling political party of Poland, the Law and Justice. As of May 2021, besides the Law and Justice and United Poland, the coalition is also composed of The Republicans, Piast Faction alongside external support from Kukiz'15.
History
Creation
The alliance was formed in 2014.[2] The alliance initially was in the form of a parliamentary club in the Sejm called Just Poland (alternatively translated as Fair Poland; Polish: Sprawiedliwa Polska) formed by politicians of Poland Together and United Poland.[3] They then agreed to co-operate with the Law and Justice party (the Piast Faction were already incorporated with them) and joined Law and Justice's parliamentary club and electoral lists that same year, in time for the 2014 local elections and the 2015 parliamentary elections.[4]
Ascent to power
The alliance has been in power since the 2015 elections. It has been opposed by the Civic Coalition, led by Civic Platform, since 2018.[5][6]
Throughout the parliamentary term the coalition expanded its absolute majority by crossers of the floor from Polish People's Party, Civic Platform, Modern and Kukiz'15. A major factor was when in 2017, Poland Together merged with individual centre-right orientated defectors from The Republican Association, Civic Platform, Liberty, Law and Justice, Christian National Union, Polish People's Party and Kukiz'15 to form the Agreement Party centred around the leadership of Jarosław Gowin.[7] In 2018, Free and Solidarity, a splinter group of Kukiz'15, joined the coalition.[8] Its candidate for the 2018 Warsaw election was Patryk Jaki.[9]
Internal disputes
In 2019 parliamentary election the alliance gained more votes, but due to appearance of the Confederation and The Left in Sejm and cooperation between the Civic Coalition, The Left, and the Polish Coalition in the Senate, it failed to gain more seats in Sejm and even lost their majority in the Senate.
In 2020 and 2021, the alliance has been affected by actions of rebellious MPs. It by itself was caused by results of 2019 parliamentary elections, when Law and Justice was reduced to 199 MPs and United Poland and Agreement increased their tallies to 18 MPs each. This led to notion that is enough for just some MPs in one of constituent parties (and not a whole party) to rebel and bring down the government. This has happened on several occasions, although never managing to dissolved the alliance itself.
The first such instances were during the preparations to 2020 presidential election. The Agreement Party did not support the Law and Justice proposal on postal voting in these elections.
A second crucial instance was when near-total abortion ban was drafted, which originally was brought by United Poland, but the Law and Justice and the Agreement party were initially sceptical about the notion. The third major rift was during the proposed changes to animal rights' which proposed no animal breeding for fur production and energy policies which proposed speeding up the reduction of coal production and the sudden suspension of Ostrołęka power plant construction. The Law and Justice had proposed the opposite policies in their election manifestos, but due to pressure from leader of the party, Jarosław Kaczyński, and the European Commission, the policies were changed.[10][11]
Major reshuffling and loss of absolute majority in Sejm
On 20 June 2021, the reactivation of the congress of the Republicans took place. Karol Rabenda announced that some Agreement members will join the Republican association and restructure it into a party, and that the newly formed party will subsequently join the governing coalition as a full member. In response, the Law and Justice chairman Jarosław Kaczyński made a speech praising the new reformed party.[12]
After Jarosław Gowin's scepticism with the "Polish Deal" proposal (an economic recovery plan for countering the COVID-19 recession in Poland) and media law changes that would have affected a TVN24, Gowin was publicly removed from his position as deputy prime minister, resulting in realignment of the composition of the coalition.[13] As result, Adam Bielan's "Agreement rebels" new party joined the coalition as replacements. The remaining Kukiz '15 MP's led by Paweł Kukiz have declared their support for the coalition by signing an agreement without formally joining.[14]
After this, coalition lost its absolute majority in Sejm, which it enjoyed since 2015 parliamentary election.[15]
Ideology and factions
Law and Justice is a right-wing coalition,[16] and is divided into many internal factions, but they can be grouped into three main blocks.[17][18][19][20][21] The United Right coalition has been described as solidarist,[22] and fiscally statist.[23][24][25] It previously used to include a paternalistic conservative faction.[26][27][28]
Order of the Centre Agreement is unofficial name of the most influential, although not the most numerous fraction of PiS. Its leader is Jarosław Kaczyński, main members are Joachim Brudziński, Adam Lipiński and Mariusz Błaszczak. It's economically left wing[1] Second of PiS' groups is radical, religious and hard eurosceptic right-wing faction focused around Antoni Macierewicz, Beata Szydło and United Poland party of Zbigniew Ziobro. The faction stays in opposition to Mateusz Morawiecki, opts for radical reforms and is supported by Jacek Kurski and Tadeusz Rydzyk.[citation needed]
Third faction is Christian democratic, republican and conservative liberal group focused around Mateusz Morawiecki [citation needed], Łukasz Szumowski, Jacek Czaputowicz and Agreement of Jarosław Gowin. [citation needed] It is supported by Jarosław Kaczyński, but not by all Centre Agreement faction. [citation needed]
There is also small presidential faction of Andrzej Duda.
Composition
Current
External support
| Name | Years | Ideology | Position | Leader | MPs | Senators | MEPs | Sejmiks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kukiz'15[14] | 2021– | Social conservatism Right-wing populism Euroscepticism |
Big-tent right-wing | Paweł Kukiz | 4 / 460
|
0 / 100
|
0 / 52
|
0 / 552
| ||
Former
| Name | Years | Ideology | Position | Leader (at the time) |
Reasons for leaving | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Right Wing of the Republic | 2015–2017 | Political Catholicism, conservatism, anti-abortion movement | Right-wing to far-right[30][31] | Marek Jurek | Political disagreement | |
| Republican Party | 2017–2019 | Political Catholicism, republicanism | Right-wing | Marek Wróbel | Party disbanded | |
| style="width:2px;background:Template:Poland Together/meta/color | | Poland Together | 2014–2017 | Liberal conservatism | Centre-right | Jarosław Gowin | Merged into new Agreement party |
| Free and Solidary | 2018–2019 | Solidarism, anti-communism | Right-wing | Kornel Morawiecki | Disagreements over electoral lists and foreign policy towards Russia. Party disbanded in 2020. | |
| style="width:2px;background:Template:Agreement (political party)/meta/color;" | | Agreement | 2017–2021[32] | Liberal conservatism, economic liberalism | Centre-right to right-wing | Jarosław Gowin | Political disagreement |
See also
Notes
- ^ Anna Dąbrowska-Banaszek, Jadwiga Emilewicz, Andrzej Gut-Mostowy, Wojciech Murdzek, Marcin Ociepa, Monika Pawłowska, Grzegorz Piechowiak, Łukasz Szumowski
- ^ Rafał Ambrozik, Grzegorz Bierecki, Margareta Budner, Jan Maria Jackowski, Michał Seweryński, Dorota Tobiszowska
- ^ Stanisław Kruczek (Subcarpathia)
References
- ^ a b "PiS to nie jest żadna prawica". gazetapl.
- ^ "Nowa umowa koalicyjna Zjednoczonej Prawicy podpisana". www.gazetaprawna.pl. 28 November 2019.
- ^ S.A, Wirtualna Polska Media (11 July 2014). ""Sprawiedliwa Polska" - to nowy klub, który powstanie w sejmie". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ S.A, Wirtualna Polska Media (19 July 2014). "Jarosław Kaczyński podpisał porozumienie ze Zbigniewem Ziobro i Jarosławem Gowinem". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ "Zjednoczona Prawica z dwa razy większym poparciem niż PO i Nowoczesna". 4 July 2018.
- ^ WPROST.pl (14 April 2018). "PO i Nowoczesna razem do wyborów samorządowych. Powstała Koalicja Obywatelska".
- ^ "Polish conservative leader hails new centre-right Alliance party".
- ^ "Sondaż: Zjednoczona Prawica traci w badaniach. Zyskuje opozycja". 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Patryk Jaki named United Right candidate for Warsaw mayor".
- ^ "Farmers protest animal rights bill that is dividing Poland's ruling party". 16 September 2020.
- ^ "Polish ruling coalition loses parliamentary majority after MPS quit". 25 June 2021.
- ^ "Powstała Partia Republikańska – nowa siła polityczna Adama Bielana. Na sali Jarosław Kaczyński". 20 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
- ^ "Polish ruling coalition collapses amid media law protests". 10 August 2021.
- ^ a b "PiS podpisało z Kukiz'15 umowę o współpracy programowej". 31 May 2021.
- ^ "Poland's ruling coalition collapses after PM fires deputy". euronews. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ "Poland's senior right-wing party moving to govern alone". AP NEWS. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ Głowacki, Witold (15 December 2017). "Frakcje w PiS. Jarosław Kaczyński, Andrzej Duda, Mateusz Morawiecki... jakie są grupy interesu w PiS?". Polska Times.
- ^ "W PiS wrze! Za kulisami toczą się wewnętrzne wojenki. Kto z kim się gryzie?". Fakt24.pl. 22 June 2019.
- ^ "Wojny PiSowskich frakcji". 3 April 2018.
- ^ "Wojna w PiS o wybory prezydenckie. Czy Morawiecki szkodzi Dudzie? [ANALIZA]". Onet Wiadomości. 12 June 2020.
- ^ "Wraca wojna Ziobry z Morawieckim. PiS dociśnie pedał gazu [ANALIZA]". Onet Wiadomości. 22 July 2020.
- ^ "STAN GRY: Polska zaczyna szczepić w tempie Niemiec, ale do liderów daleko, Gowin: Polityka ma być na lata, dlatego zaproszę opozycję do konsultacji, Zaremba: W PiS silny odruch, lekceważenia nie swoich wyborców, założenia, że dany jest mu na zawsze pakiet kontrolny, Mueller w TP: Szczepienia to też wyścig gospodarczy". 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Wyborcza.pl". wyborcza.pl.
- ^ "Petru: Muzealny etatyzm PiS". www.rp.pl.
- ^ Kowalski, Radosław (20 November 2015). "Ziemkiewicz krytykuje PiS za etatyzm". Nasze Miasto.
- ^ "Mateusz Morawiecki: robotnicza myśl socjalistyczna jest głęboko obecna w filozofii Prawa i Sprawiedliwości". Andrzej Turczyn. 22 July 2019.
- ^ "Roman Giertych: PiS - partia realnego socjalizmu". TheFad.pl - Polska i Świat. Opinie i komentarze. 1 May 2020.
- ^ "Kaczyński: PO to "lewacki ekstremizm". Budka: PiS to "narodowy socjalizm". Kto ma rację? Sprawdzamy". oko.press.
- ^ "Program".
odrzuceniem lewicowego kolektywizmu i liberalnego indywidualizmu, które dezintegrują państwo i wspólnotę narodową; prowadzeniem przez państwo aktywnej polityki w sferze kształtowania życia gospodarczego w tym zwłaszcza stymulowanie szybkiego rozwoju i innowacyjnej gospodarki, automatyzacji i cyfryzacji
- ^ Łuniewski, M. (2012). Ruchy eurorealistyczne i eurosceptyczne we współczesnej Polsce. Jagiellonian University
- ^ STIFTUNG, I. H. (September 2009). Religia, polityka i równość płci w Polsce. Université Versailles St Quentin-en-Yvelines & University of Warsaw.
- ^ "Junior partner leaves Poland's ruling coalition". Polish Press Agency. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
