Conversion therapy was one of the Social sciences and society good articles, but it has been removed from the list. There are suggestions below for improving the article to meet the good article criteria. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. Editors may also seek a reassessment of the decision if they believe there was a mistake.
Article milestones Date Process Result March 13, 2007 Good article nominee Listed September 30, 2007 Peer review Reviewed November 5, 2007 Featured article candidate Not promoted February 15, 2009 Good article reassessment Delisted Current status: Delisted good article

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Hey DisciplinadoLector, your addition to the lead has been reverted twice now. Please note that both times we noted this is not included in the body. While it is true that behaviourism was the underpinning to some conversion therapy treatments, that is partially covered by masturbatory reconditioning. There is no need to refer to Hans specifically, who had nothing to do with conversion therapy. We don’t say “freud’s psychoanalysis”, we say “psychoanalysis”. The missing area from the lead was behaviourist therapy for gender nonconforming children, which I will add in when I have the time. Thanks for trying to improve the article but please try to read WP:LEAD to understand the reverts. Zenomonoz (talk) 04:12, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Hans Eysenck had everything to do with conversion therapy, he was a main advocate of that typeof "therapy". In 1972 gay activist Peter Tatchell protested against Eysenck in the London Medical Group (LMG) – a forum for doctors and medical students. Also Eysenck produced false science, see https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1359105318820931 DisciplinadoLector (talk) 16:20, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

You can read about gay activist Peter Tatchell's protest against Hans Eysenck's conversion therapy for example here https://www.petertatchell.net/lgbt_rights/psychiatry/dentist/ DisciplinadoLector (talk) 16:23, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The problem is that if you mention "psychoanalysis" and "hypnosis" then "behaviourism" should also be mentioned, because not all forms of psychoanalysis and not all forms of hypnosis are to be blamed for the bad practices of some. I mentioned Hans Eysenck to clarify that it was his type of behavioral therapy that was most implicated in conversion therapy, which is why gay activist Peter Tanchell protested against Eysenck in 1972. DisciplinadoLector (talk) 16:28, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

@DisciplinadoLector: The WP:LEAD is supposed to be a summary of the article's body. "Psychoanalysis" and "hypnosis" are mentioned because there are subsections covering those topics in the article's body. You are adding content to the lead that is not mentioned or sourced anywhere in the article's body. This goes against Wikipedia's verifiability policy, and it is not helpful to readers who would expect anything mentioned in the lead to be explained in greater detail in the body. Bennv123 (talk) 17:10, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I just added that info in the article body, with references. I can expand on that subject in the body alsoif it is necessary. DisciplinadoLector (talk) 17:21, 26 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

!! DisciplinadoLector, please gain WP:CONSENSUS first here on the talk page. I just reverted you because you incorrectly included content about Hans Eysenck/behavior therapy under 'gender identity change efforts' for transgender people, despite the source stating it was for homosexuals. In addition, as Bennv123 stated, referring to Hans Eysenck in the opening paragraph is WP:UNDUE. You are welcome to include content about behaviourism and behavior therapy under 'methods', then refer to that in the opening, but 'Hans Eysenck' doesn't need be mentioned (he can be mentioned in the body). There are/were dozens of high profile conversion therapists, many of them psychoanalysts, and we do not need to mention them in the opening paragraph. In addition, please do not use scare quotes around the word "therapy", even if it is quackery. See MOS:SCAREQUOTES. Zenomonoz (talk) 09:15, 27 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I understand that the inclusion of Hans Eysenck in the opening paragraph and his mention in the section on efforts to change gender identity have been removed. However, I don't understand why he was removed from the section on efforts to change sexual orientation. Hans Eysenck was a campaigner for changing sexual orientation and a leading spokesman for behaviorism. In the article there are headings for psychoanalysis and hypnosis. Specific authors are also mentioned, such as where he says: "Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, viewed homosexuality as a form of arrested development. Later psychoanalysts followed Sandor Rado, who argued that homosexuality was a "phobic avoidance of heterosexuality caused by inadequate early parenting"." Therefore, I think it is not neutral to include psychoanalysis and hypnosis but not include a section on behaviorism (Hans Eysenck was not the only behaviorist to practice aversion therapy, but he was one of the most important). There should be a section on behaviorism that includes the work of Hans Eysenck and the protests that gay activist Peter Tatchell made against Eysenck in the 1970s Naming "aversion therapy" and not naming behaviorism is not neutral, because that is only one technique, while in the case of psychoanalysis the name of the entire theoretical movement is mentioned. In addition, Freud was not always consistent in his opinions on this issue, he also once said that homosexuality is not something to regret. On the other hand, I do not know of any psychoanalyst who has used aversive methods with electric shocks to change sexual orientation, as Eysenck and other behaviorists did. DisciplinadoLector (talk) 22:11, 28 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

DisciplinadoLector when I mentioned psychoanalysts, I wasn’t insinuating that Hans was one. I mentioned them because they have been the primary purveyors of therapy. Yes I agree behaviourism is separate. The claims about Freud and arrested development are questionable, as you noted, he stated homosexuality was a part of natural variation. You asked why I reverted the edit: I did so because of the mistakes in the edit which need discussed first. The content is easily copied from the edit history for you to reinsert it. From experience, it’s best to make use of the talk page when there are disagreements. I am glad we could reach some agreement. Zenomonoz (talk) 22:50, 28 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry I am coming in late to the discussion. And this point im about to make might deserve its own subtitle.

But and I will come back to cite this later when I'm less busy. Isn't there only limited research on "who the purveryor" is? I know there is definitely only limited research on this outside of North America/Australlia, but even there I am pretty sure that is one of the things lacking in the literature. Isn't that the entire point of Higbee's studies on SOGICE that is administered by parents? EpsteinJ1994 (talk) 08:57, 30 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Correction:

Higbee did the study on the prevalence of exposure to SOCE. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1840213

Ryan Et Al. 2020 https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1538407, is the study on Parent initiated SOGICE that I was reffering to. EpsteinJ1994 (talk) 09:04, 30 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Just remember to use secondary sources (e.g. academic literature reviews, meta-analyses, books, textbooks etc.) rather than primary sources (single studies, etc) because it's best to run on the reputable scientific consensus established in secondary sources. This means poorer quality research is evaluated and avoided. See WP:PRIMARY for further details. One way to do this is to look at the texts citing the study you are interested in using on Wikipedia. E.g. by going into Google scholar and searching the first study, I can see that a review by Judith Glassgold cites the study. The Glasgold APA review can be cited on Wikipedia, whereas the original study probably shouldn't be cited. Zenomonoz (talk) 09:30, 30 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Hey you make a really good point so I just want to point out that the review by Judith Glassgold is a chapter in a book "The case against conversion “therapy”: Evidence, ethics, and alternatives." Edited by D.C. Hadelman.

Authors on this page in general should refer to this book for the best overview of Conversion Therapy and where research currently stands on it. EpsteinJ1994 (talk) 13:57, 3 September 2023 (UTC)[reply]

In Belgium and Germany conversion therapy includes corrective rape. Who dares to whitewash these most criminal government? The truth is they commit most sexual violence in the world. 2A02:1811:2C09:F100:C10C:80E2:82D0:59C7 (talk) 17:29, 4 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

If it is true that corrective rape is used, as you put in your edit, we would need a reliable source saying so to include it in the article. --Nat Gertler (talk) 23:07, 4 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

A far less accusatory way of asserting that would be appreciated. Acroterion (talk) 23:12, 4 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The recent undoing of an attempt to claim that GET is not a form of conversion therapy and sourcing it to an instigator of GET who is trying to distance it from methods under attack was appropriate. However, it does leave us with a section which is sourced to Science-Based Medicine, Xtra, and Slate, none of which are WP:MEDRS. I don't know if Perspectives on Psychological Science qualifies as an RS here, but they have this, or perhaps this from The Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics. -- Nat Gertler (talk) 20:01, 8 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The journal articles are appropriate if attributed to Florence Ashley. Zenomonoz (talk) 23:21, 8 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

If, as NatGertler says, none of the sources for the Gender exploratory therapy section are WP:MEDRS, surely this section should be deleted in its entirety? Zenomonoz why do you say that the articles are appropriate if attributed to Florence Ashley? Sweet6970 (talk) 14:46, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

It seems likely to be an appropriate topic, and I would hope that someone better than I at surfing through journals should be able to source some of it. (I am avoiding creating material for articles at this time.) I suspect that the requirement that the material be attributed to the author is rooted in the analysis of the ethics of GET in those articles having an opinion aspect. -- Nat Gertler (talk) 14:55, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I might have been wrong. An editor can either remove it per WP:MEDRS or they can update it with appropriate sources (if they exist). Obviously, magazine articles are inappropriate. WP:THEREISNORUSH to cover a topic that isn't mentioned in MED RS. Zenomonoz (talk) 19:26, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I am not able to provide any sources – this is not my usual reading matter. The current sources look to me to be unsuitable even without considering MEDRS. Per Science-Based Medicine this source is a blog. Xtra* appears also to be a blog, written by Erin Reed, "she/her) is a queer legislative researcher, content creator and activist based in Washington, D.C." Slate (magazine) is not a medical magazine According to its former editor-in-chief Julia Turner, the magazine is "not fundamentally a breaking news source", but rather aimed at helping readers to "analyze and understand and interpret the world" with witty and entertaining writing. And presumably if there were better sources, the person who originally added this material would have added those sources. So I am intending to delete this section unless someone can come up with proper sources. Sweet6970 (talk) 22:02, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Being a "blog" does not inherently rule anything in or out of reliability; it's a publishing format, not an editorial structure. Science-Based Medicine is generally considered a reliable source (see WP:SBM), although not MEDRS. Xtra Magazine is not a blog, it's an online magazine with an editorial team I'm a bit surprised that Slate does not yet have an entry at the Reliable Sources Perennial list. -- Nat Gertler (talk) 22:35, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your comments. However, I think we are agreed that the sources are not adequate for the material they are required to support in this article. Sweet6970 (talk) 12:43, 30 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I have now deleted the material. Sweet6970 (talk) 12:10, 2 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

@Sweet6970 You just reverted my addition of 2 paragraphs on GET/GETA stating this is massively UNDUE - there is already a discussion about GET on the Talk page – take it to the Talk page

1. The discussion of whether the UKCP statement is DUE/UNDUE is completely unrelated to the text I added. There is no wikipedia policy whatsoever saying "if people are discussing whether a source is due, you must check with them about every other source".
2. How are 9 sources, 6 from peer-reviewed journals, and 3 from generally reliable sources, UNDUE? Additionally, the 3 non-journal articles are not used for medical claims, they describe the propagation of GET.
3. Per WP:PARITY, In an article on a fringe topic, if a notable fringe theory is primarily described by amateurs and self-published texts, verifiable and reliable criticism of the fringe theory need not be published in a peer-reviewed journal. - we do not need a full systematic review to come out every time some WP:QUACKS rebrand conversion therapy.

In short, GET is recognized by the majority of sources as a fringe and unevidenced rebrand of conversion therapy, and that should be included in the article. Please self-revert and raise actual concerns with the sources here. Pinging @NatGertler and @Zenomonoz as they were part of this discussion above touching on some of the same sources. Your Friendly Neighborhood Sociologist ⚧ Ⓐ (talk) 21:22, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Firmly agree that additional context on the fringe nature of GET and GETA (particularly its connections to anti-trans and Fundamentalist Christian organizations), is necessary and warranted by the multiple available sources, particularly the WP:SPLC, attributed and truncated if we must. Our current text, describing it solely as an alternative practiced by some clinicians creates a false balance wrt its acceptance in the medical mainstream. –RoxySaunders 🏳️‍⚧️ (💬 • 📝) 21:52, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I was referring to the current discussion below. This article is about conversion therapy. You added a considerable amount about GET, which according to the sources in the discussion below, is not a form of conversion therapy. There does not seem to be any general agreement as to what ‘gender exploratory therapy’ actually is, yet you have added a large amount of text in wikivoice, as if there is no disagreement about this. So I think you should engage in that discussion, instead of adding a large amount of text during the course of the discussion. Sweet6970 (talk) 21:55, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I know, the discussion below is irrelevant per my point 1. I responded there anyways. GET, which according to the sources in the discussion below, is not a form of conversion therapy is referencing one primary statement from a random organization saying it's not, and one article saying some people advocate it but it isn't practiced. That source does not say "it isn't conversion therapy" and was written before the majority of scholarly research of GET. Those are ridiculously poor sources, especially compared to the multitude I added which are explicit that it's conversion therapy. What makes the UKCP statement saying it's not conversion therapy and one outdated definition of GET (that still acknowledges it's fringe) outweigh 9 (10, including Ashley) RS saying it is? Your Friendly Neighborhood Sociologist ⚧ Ⓐ (talk) 22:07, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The discussion below is relevant to my point. I don’t know what you mean by ‘a random organization’ , and why you have not commented on the view of Dr Hilary Cass. Please make your comments in the discussion below. Sweet6970 (talk) 22:18, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I mean there is no evidence it is DUE and consensus seems to lean toward it not being DUE. I have repeatedly referenced the Cass review, I reference it in the comment you're replying to and the comment in the UKCP section: The CASS Review defines exploratory therapy (citing papers from 2009, 2018, and 2019, ie before the majority of scholarship on GET), but doesn't mention it anywhere else apart from to say it isn't used at GIDS and its advocates left GIDS. and one article saying some people advocate it but it isn't practiced. That source does not say "it isn't conversion therapy" and was written before the majority of scholarly research of GET.

Please, answer my question: What makes the UKCP statement saying it's not conversion therapy and one outdated definition of GET (that still acknowledges it's fringe) outweigh 9 (10, including Ashley) RS saying it is? Your Friendly Neighborhood Sociologist ⚧ Ⓐ (talk) 22:27, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The leading paragraph of this article provides an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic. The lead provides brief information on the various content that will follow in the sections below. However, the intro section contains no explicit description of which major sections the reader should expect in the article's body. The lead is not overly detailed; it provides just enough information to contextualize the article for the reader, and it only covers information which is further elaborated upon in the article's body.

The article's content is relevant to the topic and is up to date. However, the majority of space is given to theories and techniques for conversion therapy, and less focus is given to motivations, public opinion, and media coverage of the practice. Understandably, the majority of research and knowledge about conversion therapy is related to its history and techniques. I believe the article could give more attention towards the personal implications of the practice and the historical motivations behind its legality. However, this article's content does important work in shedding light on this particular issue facing the historically underrepresented LGBT population.

This article is written from a neutral point of view, with attention given towards facts and science. While conversion therapy is a complex, controversial topic, the article does not stray away from reporting on how the practice is not a legitimate form of therapy. The article bases their claims on reliable sources, such as academic peer-reviewed journals and novels. The sources are current, thorough, and written by a diverse spectrum of authors. The writing is clear and professional, and the organization of the content into sections is intuitive and easy to follow. That being said, some of the information on the legal status of conversion therapy is not as detailed as it could be, given the prevalence of the practice around the world and within certain pockets of America. Additionally, more attention could be given towards detailing the consequences and life threatening effects of the practice.

This article could use more images to enhance understanding of the topic. There are only three images, one of which is a helpful map to visualize jurisdictional bans on conversion therapy. The other two images do not do anything to provide additional enhancement of the topic or visual appeal.

There is healthy debate within the article's Talk page on understanding how psychological practices have been manipulated for the purpose of conversion therapy. Discussions center around how not to undermine the importance of some of these psychological practices while also giving attention towards how they have been abused in the service of harmful conversion practices. This article is rated B-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale and is of interest to multiple WikiProjects.~~~~ Efloden (talk) 03:04, 1 September 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I disagree. I think this article is written with a bias. For example, calling it a pseudoscientific practice vs. simply a practice goes to show that the writers of this article don't allow the reader to think for themselves or draw their own conclusions. Encyclopedias are supposed to be written with neutrality. Calling it a "practice" vs. a "pseudoscientific practice" does not limit the reader's understanding of the concept.

Imagine if on the gender reassignment surgery article they called it "pseudoscientific" due to lack of long-term effects, consequences, or outcomes. It wouldn't happen because people would consider it to be a bias statement, even if it may be true.

We speak about the horrors of electroconvulsive therapy (an outdated practice) but we do not speak about the horrors of performing mastectomies on young girls? 216.49.128.107 (talk) 21:40, 9 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

We don't call it pseudoscientific because that's our opinion, we say so because that's what reliable sources say. Please stop bringing up irrelevant tangents - if you are so convinced that gender reassignment surgery is "pseudoscientific", provide sources that say that on that article's talk page. Otherwise, you are comparing apples to oranges, though a more apt anaology would be flat-eartherism to evolution. Best regards, Your Friendly Neighborhood Sociologist ⚧ Ⓐ (talk) 21:45, 9 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Just goes to show your implicit bias, as does your profile. 216.49.128.107 (talk) 21:50, 9 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Please see WP:PSEUDOSCIENCE, which discourages the sort of "neutrality" you describe, and WP:FRINGE/PS for what gets to be qualified as pseudoscience. -- Nat Gertler (talk) 22:33, 9 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Per this edit, Florence Ashley is cited comparing exploratory therapy with conversion therapy. I suggest it is at the very least worth counterbalancing this with the UK Council for Psychotherapy's Statement on therapy and gender on 02/11/2023. This states in the opening paragraph:

This statement is also being made to highlight the fact that exploratory therapy must not be conflated with conversion therapy.

This cites and builds upon the interim Cass Review, which describes gender affirmation/exploratory therapy thus:

Affirmative model - A model of gender healthcare that originated in the USA which affirms a young person’s subjective gender experience while remaining open to fluidity and changes over time. This approach is used in some key child and adolescent clinics across the Western world.

Exploratory approaches - Therapeutic approaches that acknowledge the young person’s subjective gender experience, whilst also engaging in an open, curious, non-directive exploration of the meaning of a range of experiences that may connect to gender and broader self-identity.

The Cass Review is a high quality independent assessment of international evidence and best practice, and UKCP is the UK's leading professional organisation covering this area. Void if removed (talk) 13:49, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

On the one hand, the addition by Void if removed seems reasonable to balance the inf on ‘exploratory therapy’ in the article. On the other hand, I don’t know that the term ‘exploratory therapy’ has a fixed, agreed, meaning, and so I am inclined to think that the whole paragraph should be removed from this article. Sweet6970 (talk) 16:20, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The issue is that whether exploratory therapy is conversion therapy is a subject being litigated across multiple highly contentious pages independently at the moment based on a mixed bag of often partisan sources. Also gender exploratory therapy redirects to this page. All of this is highly POV, and not easily unpicked or balanced in separate contexts. I think this is something that has to be settled here, with high quality sources. A statement from UKCP stating that it is not is a significant intervention, and the fact that the statement cites and builds on the Cass Review carries weight. Void if removed (talk) 16:29, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The fact that this is in a statement explicitly defending therapists who hold gender-critical views should be taken into account when evaluating this source to determine whether the UKCP here represents a reliable medical source or a medical consensus among experts on the matter. Hist9600 (talk) 18:10, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Are you saying that defending gender-critical views is de-facto disqualifying for being a reliable source? Void if removed (talk) 18:26, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

No, but we should look at the source more carefully and whether it reflects medical consensus, and consider the overall context of the statement. There are many efforts to institutionalize discrimination against transgender people, or block transgender healthcare, and these are regularly undertaken by governments around the world. Hist9600 (talk) 18:40, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The statement cites and reinforces the interim report from the Cass Review - which I quoted above - which is a top-tier independent review of the international evidence base and therapeutic best practice, commissioned by the NHS. Void if removed (talk) 23:03, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

A defense of the legal protection of gender-critical views of therapists, as published by one group in the UK, hardly qualifies as a medical reliable source for establishing gender exploratory therapy as being substantially different from conversion therapy.

The interim service specs developed as a follow-up from the Cass interim report has also been responded to by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, and characterized as being tantamount to conversion therapy, or reparative therapy.

The response from WPATH has stated that, "WPATH, ASIAPATH, EPATH, PATHA, and USPATH have major reservations about this interim service specification." The response goes on to make many criticisms including:

The document makes assumptions about transgender children and adolescents which are outdated and untrue, which then form the basis of harmful interventions.

We can also see a response about "gender exploratory therapy" specifically:

WPATH, ASIAPATH, EPATH, PATHA, and USPATH call attention to the fact that this "psychotherapeutic" approach, which was used for decades before being superseded by evidence-based gender-affirming care, has not been shown to be effective (AUSPATH, 2021; Coleman et al., 2022). Indeed, the denial of gender-affirming treatment under the guise of "exploratory therapy" has caused enormous harm to the transgender and gender diverse community and is tantamount to "conversion" or "reparative" therapy under another name.

The WPATH SOC is well-established as the international standard for transgender healthcare, and is followed by healthcare providers in many countries around the world. By contrast, the report you have cited was only prepared for NHS England, on the basis of the admitted failure of NHS England to provide adequate services. Hist9600 (talk) 00:32, 2 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I'll just note as editors we should not seek to "balance" anything. We follow the sources. We are under no obligation, and in fact discouraged from, propping up minority positions "along with commonly accepted mainstream scholarship as if they were of equal validity." The UKCP statement is one organization's primary statement and there is no evidence it is DUE. It is certainly not a good source compared to the multiple peer-reviewed journal articles contradicting it. The CASS Review defines exploratory therapy (citing papers from 2009, 2018, and 2019, ie before the majority of scholarship on GET), but doesn't mention it anywhere else apart from to say it isn't used at GIDS and its advocates left GIDS. Your Friendly Neighborhood Sociologist ⚧ Ⓐ (talk) 21:40, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

See my comments above. Sweet6970 (talk) 21:55, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

YFNS is correct that this discussion (about whether we should include UKCP's opinion on GET being different from SOGICE) is largely unrelated to our inclusion of other (higher quality and peer-reviewed) sources likening the two, as well as noting the prevalent transphobia among its practitioners and advocates. In no universe does your preference for this particular statement make the text discussed in that thread UNDUE, but if you insist on its supposed validity for that purpose, please bring it up in that thread instead of ping-ponging back and forth. It's very hard to follow. –RoxySaunders 🏳️‍⚧️ (💬 • 📝) 22:37, 1 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]