Slovenian parliamentary election, 2018

← 2014 3 June 2018
All 90 seats to the National Assembly 46 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Miro Cerar Janez Janša Karl Erjavec Party SMC SDS DeSUS Last election 36 seats 21 seats 10 seats Percentage 34.61% 20.69% 10.21%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Dejan Židan Luka Mesec Matej Tonin Party SD The Left NSi Last election 6 seats 6 seats (as ZL) 5 seats Percentage 5.98% 5.97% 5.59%   Seventh party   Leader Alenka Bratušek Party SAB Last election 4 seats (as ZaAB) Percentage 4.38%
Prime Minister before election Miro Cerar SMC Prime Minister TBD

Parliamentary elections will be held in Slovenia on 3 June 2018.^[1][2] Elections were originally expected to be held on 10 June 2018, but after the resignation of Prime Minister Miro Cerar on 14 March 2018, all the political parties called for the snap elections. These will be the third consecutive snap elections (also third overall) after 2011 and 2014.

Background

On 14 March 2018 Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia delivered a judgement regarding the railway referendum, held in 2017 on the construction of a second railway connection from Koper to Divača. In the judgement the court annulled the results and ordered a new vote. The railway link was the biggest project of the Cerar cabinet.^[3]

Later that day Prime Minister Cerar announced that he would resign from the post at a press conference following a cabinet meeting. He explained that he had resigned due to bad relations within the coalition between the Social Democrats (SD) and the Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia (DeSUS) following a decision of the Supreme Court earlier that day, which he stated would slow down the infrastructural development of Slovenia due to strikes and demands of public sector trade unions. The following day he sent his letter of resignation to the President of the National Assembly.^[4] Cerar was the second consecutive Prime Minister after Alenka Bratušek to resign. The two previous Prime Ministers, Janez Janša (2012–2013) and Borut Pahor (2008–2012) were removed from the office by vote of no confidence, meaning that Janša's first term in office (2004–2008) remains the most recent completed full term in office.

After the resignation of a Prime Minister, a new candidate can be nominated by the President. However, President Borut Pahor announced after a meeting with Cerar that he would not nominate anyone for the post, Members of the National Assembly also announced that they will not nominate a candidate, and called for early elections.^[5][6]

According to the constitution, regularly scheduled elections should have been held no sooner than two months and no later than 15 days before the expiry of four years from the first session of current National Assembly.^[7] Elections were therefore expected to be held between 1 June and 15 July 2018. However, after the resignation of Cerar, elections will probably be held earlier, most likely 20 or 27 May 2018.^[6]

On 20 March 2018 the Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) announced that, after consultations with President Pahor, they were calling for elections to be held on 10 June 2018, and that they would nominate a candidate for Prime Minister to postpone the elections if needed. The Modern Centre Party (SMC) also called for elections to be held at a later date due to the ongoing procedure to adopt a constitutional law protecting the country's biggest bank, NLB, from Croatian actions in violation of international agreement between the countries, as well as the upcoming process before the European Court of Justice on arbitration between Slovenia and Croatia.^[8]

On the same day, independent MP Janko Veber announced that he would try and nominate himself for the position of interim Prime Minister, however none of the political parties expressed its support.^[9]

At the time of Cerar's resignation, four investigative commissions were ongoing in the National Assembly; two of them are investigating banks (one on why an injection of €3.2 billion of equity capital was needed during the premiership of Alenka Bratušek and one on the possible funding of terrorism through Slovenian banks), one is looking at corruption during the construction of the Šoštanj Thermal Power Plant (TEŠ6), and the other investigating corruption in healthcare system. All four commissions are expected to issue final reports in April and May, which must be approved by a vote in the National Assembly. Some current politicians are expected to be charged with responsibility for the scandals, including Janez Janša (SDS) and Borut Pahor (SD). It was suggested in the media that Social Democrats may be in favour of early elections so that the commissions could not finish their work.^[10][8]

On 14 April 2018, after no candidate for the Prime Minister was nominated, President Pahor dissolved the National Assembly and decided elections will be held on 3 June 2018.^[1]

Campaign

The Italian minority representative in the National Assembly, Roberto Battelli, who has held the post for seven consecutive terms and was the only one to hold this position so far, announced on 16 March 2018, that he would not run again in the following elections. He was one of only two representatives (the other being Janez Janša) to be elected in every election since Slovenia gained its independence in 1992.^[11]

On 13 April 2018, during the signing of a treaty with Russian company Gazprom to supply Slovenia with natural gas, the Russian Ambassador to Slovenia Doku Zavgayev publicly offered support to DeSUS. This was seen as a diplomatic scandal in Slovenia, and an act that violated the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (VCDR) according to the President of National Assembly Milan Brglez (SMC). However, Foreign Minister and DeSUS president Karl Erjavec, a supporter of good relations with Russia, did not see the act as a violation of diplomatic protocol, saying that Ambassador only supported their program and that he hoped other ambassadors would also support it. The Slovenian media speculated that the act could have been pre-arranged between Zavgayev and Erjavec. Former Foreign Minister Dimitrij Rupel also criticised the Russian Ambassador, saying he violated Article 41 and Article 42 of VCDR, which explicitly forbids interference in the internal affairs of a host state. Chairman of the National Assembly Foreign Politics Committee Jožef Horvat (NSi) said that he had never seen anything like it. President Borut Pahor made no statement about the matter. This was the second time a foreign ambassador had interfered in Slovenian internal affairs, after American Ambassador Joseph A. Mussomeli had offered his help in forming government coalition after the 2011 elections, for which he was criticised by then-President Danilo Türk. Ambassador Mussomeli was later called for consultations by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to explain his statements. Then Ambassador of Slovenia to U.S. Roman Kirn (now LMŠ) also met with representatives of State Department.^{[12][13][14][15][16][17]}

On 19 April 2018 two Modern Centre Party (SMC) MPs, Branko Zorman and Bojan Krajnc left the party after National Assembly did not pass Zorman's bill that would liberalize gambling market in Slovenia (which is according to Zorman under control of Social Democrats), saying that party supports corruption (Prime Minister Cerar personally intervened in the SMC Deputy Group and asked MPs to vote against the bill). On that day Simona Kustec Lipicer MP, leader of the SMC in the National Assembly announced that she would not run again in the 2018 elections. Party however denied Zorman's accusations, saying that Zorman is not pleased with him not being one of the candidates in the 2018 elections and that Krajnc was not satisfied with the electoral district he would have run in.^[18]

On 23 April 2018 Milan Balažic (NSD) accused President Borut Pahor of acts which brought Slovenia under the subordination of another country as he had signed the Arbitration Agreement between Croatia and Slovenia when Prime Minister. This is the second charge for President Pahor, after on 10 April 2018 the National Assembly charged him in the Final Report of "TEŠ6 Investigative Commission".^{[clarification needed]} Solidarnost subsequently started a petition calling for Pahor's resignation. In response Pahor said that he had already paid for these actions when he lost the 2011 elections.^[19][20][21]

On 24 April 2018 Slovenian media reported that Matej Tonin (NSi) possess documents that prove that Slovenian Foreign Minister Karl Erjavec (DeSUS) has worked for Croatia during Arbitration between the countries. Tonin revieled the documents and informed MPs at the closed session of the National Assembly He also stated that he cannot release them yet because they are still a state secret. DeSUS accused him of lying.^[22]

After submitting their candidature lists, some media were questioning which MPs supported the lists of candidates of the Party of Alenka Bratušek and the party Good Country. Party of Alenka Bratušek has only 2 MPs (Alenka Bratušek and Mirjam Bon Klanjšček) and Good Country only has 1 MP (Bojan Dobovšek), to submit a list of candidates signatures of 3 MPs are needed. State Election Commission refused to announce the names of the MPs that supported the lists of candidates. Media also stressed that not announcing names of the MPs is against Good Country's efforts for transparency in politics. According to the media one of the MPs that supported Good Country's list is Franc Laj, former MP for Modern Centre Party (SMC), now forming Deputy Group of Independent MPs in the National Assembly, together with Bratušek, Bon Klanjšček and Dobovšek. Names of other two MPs stay unknown, however some media speculate that Branko Zorman and Bojan Kranjc, also former SMC MPs, who left party just before the beginning of the campaign, could have supported the candidature lists. MPs of Social Democrats and Modern Centre Party (Dobovšek was elected as SMC MP in 2014, but left the party soon after the elections) are also speculated to offer their signatures.^[23][24]

The official election campaign will begin on 4 May 2018. It is expected that the main topics of the campaign will be relations with Croatia (arbitration, NLB), the public healthcare system, banks and corruption, level of minimum wage and pensions, level of poverty and foreign policy and positioning of Slovenia in the international community, especially relations with the United States.^[25]

On 5 May 2018 Slovenian media reported that list of candidates that United Right sumbitted in 6th constituncy (Novo mesto) was rejected because it was not formed according to the law, which stipuates that at least 35% of candidates much be of the opposite sex. United Right submitted a list with 7 male and 2 female candidates, but both female candidates would run in two electoral districts each. Party also contested the decision of the Electoral Commission of the 6th constituency in the Supreme Court, which rejected their appeal on 8 May. The incident is seen as a great damage to the party, since president of the party Aleš Primc, would run in this constituency. Electoral Commission of the 5th constituency rejected the list of United left and Unity for similar reason. According to president of Unity Janko Veber, Supreme Court rejected their appeal, and he added that they will contest its decision in the Constitutional Court, however, according to the law, decision by the Supreme Court is final, said Director of the State Election Commission Dušan Vučko. Unity will also propose to delay election until the verdict of the Constitutional court, after Supreme Court rejected United Right's appeal, they said they propose the same. On 7 May United Right's list of candidates in 1st constituecy was rejected as well for the same reason as the one in the 6th constituency, since Metka Zevnik, another key candidate would run in this constituency, party pretty much lost its possibilites to reach treshold of 4%, Slovenian media reported. This problem opened a broad discussion on gender quotas in politics in Slovenia. State Election Commission reported on 8 May that the list of Party of Slovenian People in the 2nd constituency was partially rejected, due to a candidate on the list, that died in 2017, and was then removed. It also reported that Social Democrats and party Andrej Čuš and the Greens of Slovenia put the same candidate on their lists. Candidate will be removed from the list of Andrej Čuš and the Greens of Slovenia, because list of Social Democrats was submitted first. Due to the removal of the candidate from the list of AČZS, the list in the 3rd constituency was rejected on 9 May for not reaching the gender quota.^{[26][27][28][29][30][31]}

Electoral debates

Electoral system

The 90 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods; 88 are elected by open list proportional representation in eight 11-seat constituencies; seats are allocated to the parties at the constituency level using the Droop quota. The elected Deputies are identified by ranking all of a party's candidates in a constituency by the percentage of votes they received in their district. The seats that remain unallocated are allocated to the parties at the national level using the d'Hondt method with an electoral threshold of 4%.^[32] Although the country is divided into 88 electoral districts, deputies are not elected from all 88 districts. More than one deputy is elected in some districts, which results in some districts not having an elected deputy; in the 2014 elections 21 of 88 electoral districts did not have an elected deputy.^[33] Parties must have at least 35% of their lists from each gender, except in cases where there are only three candidates; for these lists, there must be at least one candidate of each gender.^[34][35]

Two additional deputies are elected by the Italian and Hungarian minorities by first-past-the-post voting.^[32]

Parties and leaders

The table lists all the parties that so far expressed their intention to participate in the elections. SMC, SDS, DeSUS, SD, Levica, NSi, SAB, AČZS, DD and Unity are currently represented in the National Assembly. Not all of the following political parties will be able to take part in the elections due to the criteria set by the law (candidate lists supported with signatures of 3 MPs or 100 signatures in each constituency), especially the smaller ones; some may form coalitions, such as Third Bloc and United Right.

Parties must form their lists of candidates for each constituency until 3 May 2018.

Parties that fulfill the criteria

List of all the parties

Party/Alliance					Ideology			Leader	2014 result			Seats
									Votes (%)	Seats
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party of Miro Cerar/meta/color;" |	SMC		Modern Centre Party Stranka modernega centra	[39]	Liberalism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Centre Centre-Left	[40]	Miro Cerar Prime Minister	34.61%	36 / 90	36	33 / 90
Government
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Slovenian Democratic Party/meta/color" |	SDS		Slovenian Democratic Party Slovenska demokratska stranka		National conservativism Liberal conservativism Right-wing populism Pro-Europeanism	Right-wing		Janez Janša MP, Former PM	20.69%	21 / 90	5	19 / 90
Opposition
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia/meta/color;" |	DeSUS		Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia Demokratična stranka upokojencev Slovenije	[41]	Single-issue politics Social justice Pro-Europeanism	Centre-Left		Karl Erjavec Minister of Foreign Affairs	10.21%	10 / 90	4	11 / 90
Government
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:New Slovenia/meta/color" |	NSi		New Slovenia - Christian Democrats Nova Slovenija - Krščanski demokrati	[42]	Christian democracy Social conservatism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-Right	[43]	Matej Tonin MP	5.59%	5 / 90	1	5 / 90
Opposition
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Social Democrats (Slovenia)/meta/color" |	SD		Social Democrats Socialni demokrati	[44]	Social Democracy Pro-Europeanism	Left-wing Centre-Left	[44]	Dejan Židan Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Food	5.98%	6 / 90	4	5 / 90
Government
	Levica		The Left Levica	[45]	Democratic socialism Eco-socialism Anti-capitalism Soft Euroscepticism	Far-Left		Luka Mesec MP	New			5 / 90
									Opposition
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Alliance of Alenka Bratušek/meta/color" |	SAB		Party of Alenka Bratušek Stranka Alenke Bratušek	[46]	Liberalism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Centre-Left	[47]	Alenka Bratušek MP, Former PM	4.38%[a]	4 / 90	4	2 / 90
Opposition
	Andrej Čuš and Greens of Slovenia AČZS Andrej Čuš in Zeleni Slovenije	AČZS	Andrej Čuš and the Greens of Slovenia Andrej Čuš in Zeleni Slovenije	[48]	Populism	Centre-Right	[49]	Andrej Čuš MP	0.53%	0 / 90	0	2 / 90
									Opposition
		Oljka	Olive Oljka					Valter Krmac	Did not participate in 2014
		ZZ	United Greens Združeni zeleni						Did not participate in 2014
		GŽS	The Voice of Women of Slovenia Glas žensk Slovenije					Monika Piberl	Did not participate in 2014
		DMS	Society The Youth for Slovenia Društvo Mladi za Slovenijo					Rok Tuš	Did not participate in 2014
		IMU	Initiative The Youth and Pensioners Iniciativa Mladi in upokojenci						Did not participate in 2014
	DD		Good Country Dobra država	[50]	Anti-corruption Anti-elitism	Centre Centre-Left	[51]	Bojan Dobovšek MP	New			1 / 90
									Opposition
	United Left and Unity ZL-S Združena levica in Sloga	Sloga	Unity Sloga	[52]	Anti-capitalism	Left-wing	[53]	Janko Veber MP, Former President of the National Assembly	New			1 / 90
									Opposition
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:United Left (Slovenia)/meta/color" |		ZL-DSD	United Left - Democratic Party of Work Združena Levica - Demokratična stranka dela		Democratic socialism Eco-socialism Anti-capitalism Soft Euroscepticism	Far-Left		Franc Žnidaršič Former MP	5.97%[b]	6 / 90	6	0 / 90
Opposition
style="background:Template:Slovenian People's Party/meta/color" |	Slovenian People's Party SLS Slovenska ljudska stranka	SLS	Slovenian People's Party Slovenska ljudska stranka	[54]	Conservatism Agrarianism Christian democracy	Centre-Right		Marko Zidanšek National Councilor	3.95%	0 / 90	6	0 / 90
		ZZP	Alliance for Primorska Zveza za Primorsko		Regionalism	Centre-Right		Aleksander Lemut	Did not participate in 2014
style="background:Template:Slovenian National Party/meta/color" |	SNS		Slovenian National Party Slovenska nacionalna stranka	[55]	Slovenian nationalism Populism Euroscepticism Protectionism	Far-Right		Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti Former MP	2.20%	0 / 90	0	0 / 90
	Pirati		Pirate Party of Slovenia Piratska stranka Slovenije	[56]	Pirate politics Freedom of information Open government Network neutrality	Syncretic	[57]	Rok Andrée	1.34%	0 / 90	0	0 / 90
	NPS		Forward Slovenia Naprej Slovenija	[58]	Slovenian nationalism Populism	Far-Right	[59]	Blaž Svetek	0,24%	0 / 90	0	0 / 90
	GAS		Economic Active Party Gospodarsko aktivna stranka					Alojz Kovšca President of National Council	0,05%[c]	0 / 90	0	0 / 90
	Solidarnost		Solidarity - For a Fair Society! Solidarnost - za pravično družbo!	[60]	Social democracy Progressivism	Left-wing	[61]	Uroš Lubej	(5.98%)[d]	0 / 90	0	0 / 90
	LDS		Liberal Democracy of Slovenia Liberalna demokracija Slovenije	[62]	Liberalism Social liberalism	Centre-Left	[63]	Luj Šprohar	Did not participate in 2014
	LNBP		List of Journalist Bojan Požar[e] Lista novinarja Bojana Požarja	[64]	Anti-elitism Populism	Centre-Right	[65]	Bojan Požar	Did not participate in 2014
	LMŠ		List of Marjan Šarec Lista Marjana Šarca	[66]	Social liberalism Populism Big tent Social democracy	Centre Centre-Left	[67]	Marjan Šarec Mayor of Kamnik	Did not participate in 2014
	SSN		Party of Slovenian People Stranka slovenskega naroda		Direct democracy Soft euroscepticism			Marjan Žandar	Did not participate in 2014
	ZSi		United Slovenia Zedinjena Slovenija	[68]	Slovenian nationalism Populism	Far-Right	[69]	Andrej Šiško	Did not participate in 2014
	SPS		Socialist Party of Slovenia Socialistična partija Slovenije	[70]	Marxism Leninism Titoism Socialism Europscepticism Pan-Slavism	Far-Left		Tadej Trček	New
	ReSET		Save Slovenia from Elite and Tycoons Rešimo Slovenijo elite in tajkunov						New
	DP		Taxpayers Davkoplačevalci se ne damo	[71]	Single-issue politics Populism	Centre-Right		Vili Kovačič	New
	NS		New Social Democrats Novi socialdemokrati	[72]	Social Democracy	Left-wing	[72]	Milan Balažic Former MP, Former Ambassador	New
	ZZD		For a Healthy Society Za zdravo družbo	[73]	Single-issue politics Anti-corruption			Miran Žitko	New
	SSSS		Social Party of Serbs of Slovenia Socialna stranka Srbov Slovenije	[74]	Single-issue politics Serbian nationalism	Centre-Left	[75]	Saša Gajić	New
	SN		Together Forward Skupaj naprej	[76]	Single-issue politics		[76]	Danijel Bešić Loredan	New
	United Right ZD Združena desnica	NLS	New People's Party of Slovenia Nova ljudska stranka Slovenije	[77]	Conservatism Agrarianism	Centre-Right	[78]	Franc Kangler National Councilor	New
		GOD	Voice for Children and Families Glas za otroke in družine		Christian democracy Social conservativism Populism	Right-wing	[79]	Aleš Primc	New

Opinion polls

References